Human dental pulp stem cell transplantation has been shown to be an effective therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury.However,whether the human dental pulp stem cell secretome can contribute to functional recovery...Human dental pulp stem cell transplantation has been shown to be an effective therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury.However,whether the human dental pulp stem cell secretome can contribute to functional recovery after spinal cord injury remains unclear.In the present study,we established a rat model of spinal cord injury based on impact injury from a dropped weight and then intraperitoneally injected the rats with conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells.We found that the conditioned medium effectively promoted the recovery of sensory and motor functions in rats with spinal cord injury,decreased expression of the microglial pyroptosis markers NLRP3,GSDMD,caspase-1,and interleukin-1β,promoted axonal and myelin regeneration,and inhibited the formation of glial scars.In addition,in a lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia model,conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells protected cells from pyroptosis by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/interleukin-1βpathway.These results indicate that conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells can reduce microglial pyroptosis by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/interleukin-1βpathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.Therefore,conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells may become an alternative therapy for spinal cord injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND This paper reports a rare presentation of multiple pulp stones(PSs)emerging in all teeth during mixed dentition.It offers valuable insights into the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of multiple PS...BACKGROUND This paper reports a rare presentation of multiple pulp stones(PSs)emerging in all teeth during mixed dentition.It offers valuable insights into the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of multiple PSs,shedding light on their occurrence during the mixed dentition period.CASE SUMMARY A 10-year-old girl presented with repeated pain in the mandibular right posterior teeth.Intraoral examination revealed carious lesions,abnormal tooth shapes,and anomalies in tooth number.Radiographic examinations showed multiple PSs with diverse shapes,sizes,and quantities in all teeth,alongside anomalies in tooth shape and number.Root canal therapy was initiated,but the patient initially lacked timely follow-up.Upon return for treatment completion,an extracted tooth revealed irregular calculus within the pulp cavity.CONCLUSION This case underscores the importance of considering multiple PSs in mixed dentition,necessitating comprehensive evaluation and management strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered...BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, KATH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at KATH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seeking professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental knowledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.展开更多
A critical pathway towards enhancing pulp mill biorefineries is to integrate the extraction and utilization of hemicelluloses into the pulping processes.Hence,an industrial pre-extraction strategy for hemicelluloses t...A critical pathway towards enhancing pulp mill biorefineries is to integrate the extraction and utilization of hemicelluloses into the pulping processes.Hence,an industrial pre-extraction strategy for hemicelluloses targeting eucalyptus kraft pulping process was developed.Alkaline solution or pulping white liquor was used to pre-extract hemicelluloses before the actual pulping process.The response surface methodology(RSM)technique was applied to investigate the most suitable conditions to maximize the yield of these hemicelluloses while simultaneously minimizing the damage to pulp yields and properties.Temperature(105 to 155℃),alkali concentration(3%to 8%),sulfidity(20%to 30%)and retention time(19 to 221 min)were combined to evaluate their effects on hemicellulose yields and chemical structures.The optimal pre-extraction conditions identified in this work(5.75%NaOH concentration,25%sulfidity at 135℃for 60 min)successfully allowed recovering 4.8%of hemicelluloses(based on the wood dry mass)and limited damages to pulp yields and properties.The cellulose content in pulp can even be increased by about 10%.Hemicellulose emulsification properties were also evaluated,which were comparable to synthetic emulsifiers.This study provides an industrial pathway to effectively separate and utilize wood hemicelluloses from the pulping process,which has the potential to improve the economy and material utilization of pulp and paper mills.展开更多
BACKGROUND The role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis is not clear.AIM To explore the role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible...BACKGROUND The role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis is not clear.AIM To explore the role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis.METHODS A total of 100 patients with reversible pulpitis who were treated in Anhui Jieshou People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study.They were categorized into an observation group(n=50;treatment with adrenaline)and a control group(n=50;treatment with zinc oxide eugenol paste).The 24-h postoperative pain,regression time of gingival congestion and redness,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Patients were further categorized into the ineffective and effective treatment groups based on clinical efficacy.Logistic multiple regression analysis explored factors affecting the efficacy of pulp capping treatment.RESULTS A significant difference in 24-h postoperative pain was observed between the groups(P<0.05),with a higher proportion of grade I pain noted in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01).The regression time of gingival congestion and swelling was lower in the observation group(2.61±1.44 d and 2.73±1.36 d,respectively)than in the control group(3.85±1.47 d and 4.28±1.61 d,respectively)(P<0.05).The 2-wk postoperative total effective rate was lower in the control group(80.00%)than in the observation group(94.00%)(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was not significantly different between the control(14.00%)and observation(12.00%)groups(P>0.05).The proportion of adrenaline usage was lower(P<0.05)and that of anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and Fusobacterium nucleatum was higher in the ineffective treatment group than in the effective treatment group(P<0.05).Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed adrenaline as a protective factor(P<0.05)and anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and F.nucleatum as risk factors for pulp capping in reversible pulpitis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adrenaline demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in pulp capping treatment for reversible pulpitis,reducing pain and improving clinical symptoms safely.It is a protective factor for pulp capping,whereas Streptococcus and F.nucleatum are risk factors.Targeted measures can be implemented to improve clinical efficacy.展开更多
The Tyrannosauridae,which is characterized by specialized pachydont dentition and putative bone-cracking predatory strategies,is one of the most extensively studied theropod lineages.Although tooth replacement pattern...The Tyrannosauridae,which is characterized by specialized pachydont dentition and putative bone-cracking predatory strategies,is one of the most extensively studied theropod lineages.Although tooth replacement patterns,crucial for understanding feeding behaviors,have been thoroughly studied in this group,studies on non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids are relatively scarce.This study utilizes high-resolution CT data to investigate the tooth replacement pattern in two specimens of Guanlong wucaii,a Late Jurassic tyrannosauroid,and provides insights into the evolution of tooth replacement across Tyrannosauroidea.Second-generation replacement teeth,a rarity observed mainly in giant predatory theropods(e.g.some tyrannosaurids),were detected in the dentary dentition of the juvenile Guanlong.Zahnreihen reconstructions display a consistent cephalad alternating tooth replacement pattern in the maxilla and the dentary of both of the examined individuals,with Z-spacing values exceeding 2.0.As Guanlong grows,the Z-spacing value in the maxillary dentition increases,resembling the ontogenetic changes documented in the Tyrannosauridae.Additionally,like Tarbosaurus,Guanlong also displays a discontinuity between the tooth replacement waves at the premaxilla-maxilla boundary.This study thus demonstrates that some tyrannosaurid-like tooth replacement patterns were acquired before the origin of the Tyrannosauridae.展开更多
Background: An independent relationship between tooth loss and hypertension appears to exist. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between tooth loss/number of teeth and hype...Background: An independent relationship between tooth loss and hypertension appears to exist. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between tooth loss/number of teeth and hypertension. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. We searched all the relevant studies in international databases of PubMed and Google Scholar search engines from January 2000 to December 2023. Results: Fourteen studies (11 cross sectionals, 2 descriptives and 1 Cohort) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most cross-sectional studies showed that participants with more tooth loss exhibited a greater proportion of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure than those with less tooth loss. Cohort study showed that the loss of 8 or more teeth was associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension. Descriptive studies reported that missing teeth were marginally significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: This study has revealed a significantly higher SBP in patients with fewer remaining teeth or more tooth loss. In addition, those with more tooth loss showed a higher risk of hypertension than those with less tooth loss.展开更多
Infant malnutrition is a significant issue in Côte d’Ivoire, and this study aims to address it by formulating infant flours using local ingredients. Fermentation, germination, and malting methods were used to en...Infant malnutrition is a significant issue in Côte d’Ivoire, and this study aims to address it by formulating infant flours using local ingredients. Fermentation, germination, and malting methods were used to enhance the quality of six formulated flours, all based on Fonio and supplemented with Bambara groundnut, African locust bean fruit pulp, and cashew kernels. Results showed that Fonio had the highest carbohydrate content, while Bambara groundnut and Cashew kernels were rich in protein and lipid content. African locust bean fruit pulp was rich in fiber and Vitamin C, with a high β-carotene value. The cashew kernel had the highest energy value. Regarding mineral composition, African locust bean fruit pulp had the highest potassium content, while Bambara groundnut and African locust bean fruit pulp were rich in sodium. Cashew kernel and Fonio had higher iron and calcium content. Bambara groundnut had a higher zinc content, while cashew kernel had a higher magnesium content. The formulated flours made from fermented Fonio grains and enriched with Bambara groundnut, African locust bean fruit pulp, and cashew kernel had varying protein, fiber, carbohydrate, ash, and fat contents. The flour formulated with sprouted Fonio and enriched with the same ingredients had higher protein content and energy value than the other fermented seed-based flours. The mixed flours produced with fermented seeds and the flour produced from sprouted seeds met international standards. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the nutritional composition of the formulated flours and their potential to combat infant malnutrition in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
Obesity is a chronic condition characterised by excess body fat that leads to increased body weight. One of the most effective ways to treat obesity is to use appetite suppressants to reduce food intake. This study ai...Obesity is a chronic condition characterised by excess body fat that leads to increased body weight. One of the most effective ways to treat obesity is to use appetite suppressants to reduce food intake. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo reduction of food intake and weight gain caused by Parkia biglobosa (Pb) fruit pulp. Twenty-four healthy NMRI mice divided into four groups were used for the experiment. Group 1, considered the negative control, received distilled water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered daily with 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Pb fruit pulp powder suspension, respectively. The reduction in food intake was assessed in two phases: acute food intake for one day (24 h) and long-term food intake for seven weeks. Nutrient parameters and phenolic compounds in Pb fruit pulp were quantified. The results showed that Pb fruit pulp had a significant effect on reducing acute food intake. At a dose of 250 mg/kg, Pb had the best activity in reducing acute food intake, with an overall reduction rate of approximately 47.98% ± 1.17% compared to the control. Repeated daily administration inhibited food intake with all three doses for 13 days compared to control. Food intake was significantly decreased for up to 31 days by taking a 100 mg/kg dose of Pb (p = 0.0174). Weight gain was significantly lower (p = 0.0003) in mice treated with 100 mg/kg Pb than in controls at the end of 7 weeks. According to the nutritional composition study, Pb fruit pulp contains an abundance of total carbohydrates (68.81% ± 0.32%) and crude fiber (14.35% ± 0.21%). This study demonstrated that Pb fruit pulp effectively reduces food intake in healthy mice. Pb pulp’s richness in crude fiber and phenolic compounds makes it a potential aid in managing obesity.展开更多
In dentistry, panoramic X-ray images are extensively used by dentists for tooth structure analysis and disease diagnosis. However, the manual analysis of these images is time-consuming and prone to misdiagnosis or ove...In dentistry, panoramic X-ray images are extensively used by dentists for tooth structure analysis and disease diagnosis. However, the manual analysis of these images is time-consuming and prone to misdiagnosis or overlooked. While deep learning techniques have been employed to segment teeth in panoramic X-ray images, accurate segmentation of individual teeth remains an underexplored area. In this study, we propose an end-to-end deep learning method that effectively addresses this challenge by employing an improved combinatorial loss function to separate the boundaries of adjacent teeth, enabling precise segmentation of individual teeth in panoramic X-ray images. We validate the feasibility of our approach using a challenging dataset. By training our segmentation network on 115 panoramic X-ray images, we achieve an intersection over union (IoU) of 86.56% for tooth segmentation and an accuracy of 65.52% in tooth counting on 87 test set images. Experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement of our proposed method in single tooth segmentation compared to existing methods.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effectiveness of various interventions in accelerating tooth movement, a systematic review and net-work meta analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Library,...Objective: To explore the effectiveness of various interventions in accelerating tooth movement, a systematic review and net-work meta analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Library, EBSCO, Web of Science Databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify relevant studies. ADDIS 1.16.6 and Stata 16.0 software were used for NMA. Results: Five thousand five hundred and forty-two articles were searched out. After screening by two independent investigators, forty-seven randomized controlled trials, 1 390 participants, were included in this network meta-analysis. A total of 11 interventions involving Piezocision (Piezo), Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), Plate- let-rich plasma(PRP), Electromagnetic field(EF), Low intensity laser therapy(LLLT), Low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LI-PUS), Low-frequency vibrations(LFV), Distraction osteogenesis(DAD), Corticotomy(Corti), Microosteoperforations (MOPS), Traditional orthodontic(OT)were identified and classified into 3 classes including surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment and traditional orthodontic treatment. According to SUCRA probability ranking of the best intervention effect, when orthodontic treatment lasted for 1 month, PBMT (90.6%), Piezo(87.4%) and MOPs(73.6%)were the top three interventions to improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 2 months, Corti (75.7%), Piezo (69.6%) and LFV(58.9%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 3 months, Cort (73.3%), LLLT(68.4%)and LFV(60.8%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. Conclusion: PBMT and Piezo can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement significantly after 1 month, while Corti and LFV can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement better after 2 and 3 months.展开更多
BACKGROUND Validation of the reference gene(RG)stability during experimental analyses is essential for correct quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data normalisation.Commonly,in an unreliable way,...BACKGROUND Validation of the reference gene(RG)stability during experimental analyses is essential for correct quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data normalisation.Commonly,in an unreliable way,several studies use genes involved in essential cellular functions[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase(GAPDH),18S rRNA,andβ-actin]without paying attention to whether they are suitable for such experimental conditions or the reason for choosing such genes.Furthermore,such studies use only one gene when Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments guidelines recom-mend two or more genes.It impacts the credibility of these studies and causes dis-tortions in the gene expression findings.For tissue engineering,the accuracy of gene expression drives the best experimental or therapeutical approaches.We cultivated DPSCs under two conditions:Undifferentiated and osteogenic dif-ferentiation,both for 35 d.We evaluated the gene expression of 10 candidates for RGs[ribosomal protein,large,P0(RPLP0),TATA-binding protein(TBP),GAPDH,actin beta(ACTB),tubulin(TUB),aminolevulinic acid synthase 1(ALAS1),tyro-sine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein,zeta(YWHAZ),eukaryotic translational elongation factor 1 alpha(EF1a),succinate dehydrogenase complex,subunit A,flavoprotein(SDHA),and beta-2-micro-globulin(B2M)]every 7 d(1,7,14,21,28,and 35 d)by RT-qPCR.The data were analysed by the four main algorithms,ΔCt method,geNorm,NormFinder,and BestKeeper and ranked by the RefFinder method.We subdivided the samples into eight subgroups.RESULTS All of the data sets from clonogenic and osteogenic samples were analysed using the RefFinder algorithm.The final ranking showed RPLP0/TBP as the two most stable RGs and TUB/B2M as the two least stable RGs.Either theΔCt method or NormFinder analysis showed TBP/RPLP0 as the two most stable genes.However,geNorm analysis showed RPLP0/EF1αin the first place.These algorithms’two least stable RGs were B2M/GAPDH.For BestKeeper,ALAS1 was ranked as the most stable RG,and SDHA as the least stable RG.The pair RPLP0/TBP was detected in most subgroups as the most stable RGs,following the RefFinfer ranking.CONCLUSION For the first time,we show that RPLP0/TBP are the most stable RGs,whereas TUB/B2M are unstable RGs for long-term osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs in traditional monolayers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis(AS),a chronic inflammatory disease of blood vessels,is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease.Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)are capable of exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammato...BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis(AS),a chronic inflammatory disease of blood vessels,is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease.Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)are capable of exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by secreting cytokines and exosomes and are widely used to treat autoimmune and inflam-mation-related diseases.Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a key role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.AIM To modify DPSCs with HGF(DPSC-HGF)and evaluate the therapeutic effect of DPSC-HGF on AS using an apolipoprotein E-knockout(ApoE-/-)mouse model and an in vitro cellular model.METHODS ApoE-/-mice were fed with a high-fat diet(HFD)for 12 wk and injected with DPSC-HGF or Ad-Null modified DPSCs(DPSC-Null)through tail vein at weeks 4,7,and 11,respectively,and the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms were analyzed by histopathology,flow cytometry,lipid and glucose measurements,real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the different time points of the experiment.An in vitro inflammatory cell model was established by using RAW264.7 cells and human aortic endothelial cells(HAOECs),and indirect co-cultured with supernatant of DPSC-Null(DPSC-Null-CM)or DPSC-HGF-CM,and the effect and mechanisms were analyzed by flow cytometry,RT-PCR and western blot.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)activators and inhibitors were also used to validate the related signaling pathways.RESULTS DPSC-Null and DPSC-HGF treatments decreased the area of atherosclerotic plaques and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors,and the percentage of macrophages in the aorta,and DPSC-HGF treatment had more pronounced effects.DPSCs treatment had no effect on serum lipoprotein levels.The FACS results showed that DPSCs treatment reduced the percentages of monocytes,neutrophils,and M1 macrophages in the peripheral blood and spleen.DPSC-Null-CM and DPSC-HGF-CM reduced adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor-αstimulated HAOECs and regulated M1 polarization and inflammatory factor expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION This study suggested that DPSC-HGF could more effectively ameliorate AS in ApoE-/-mice on a HFD,and could be of greater value in stem cell-based treatments for AS.展开更多
Dental pulp stem/stromal cells(DPSCs)are fibroblast-like,neural crest-derived,and multipotent cells that can differentiate into several lineages.They are relatively easy to isolate from healthy and inflamed pulps,with...Dental pulp stem/stromal cells(DPSCs)are fibroblast-like,neural crest-derived,and multipotent cells that can differentiate into several lineages.They are relatively easy to isolate from healthy and inflamed pulps,with little ethical concerns and can be successfully cryopreserved and thawed.The therapeutic effects of DPSCs derived from animal or human sources have been extensively studied through in-vitro and in-vivo animal experiments and the findings indicated that DPSCs are effective not only for dental diseases but also for systemic diseases.Understanding that translational research is a critical step through which the fundamental scientific discoveries could be translated into applicable diagnostics and therapeutics that directly benefit humans,several clinical studies were carried out to generate evidence for the efficacy and safety of autogenous or allogeneic human DPSCs(hDPSCs)as a treatment modality for use in cell-based therapy,regenerative medicine/dentistry and tissue engineering.In clinical medicine,hDPSCs were effective for treating acute ischemic stroke and human exfoliated deciduous teeth-conditioned medium(SHED-CM)repaired vascular damage of the corpus cavernous,which is the main cause of erectile dysfunction.Whereas in clinical dentistry,autologous SHED was able to rege-nerate necrotic dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth,and micrografts enriched with autologous hDPSCs and collagen sponge were considered a treatment option for human intrabony defects.In contrast,hDPSCs did not add a significant regenerative effect when they were used for the treatment of post-extraction sockets.Large-scale clinical studies across diverse populations are still lacking to provide robust evidence on the safety and efficacy of hDPSCs as a new treatment option for various human diseases including dental-related problems.展开更多
BACKGROUND The self-assembly of solid organs from stem cells has the potential to greatly expand the applicability of regenerative medicine.Stem cells can self-organise into microsized organ units,partially modelling ...BACKGROUND The self-assembly of solid organs from stem cells has the potential to greatly expand the applicability of regenerative medicine.Stem cells can self-organise into microsized organ units,partially modelling tissue function and regeneration.Dental pulp organoids have been used to recapitulate the processes of tooth development and related diseases.However,the lack of vasculature limits the utility of dental pulp organoids.AIM To improve survival and aid in recovery after stem cell transplantation,we demonstrated the three-dimensional(3D)self-assembly of adult stem cell-human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs)and endothelial cells(ECs)into a novel type of spheroid-shaped dental pulp organoid in vitro under hypoxia and conditioned medium(CM).METHODS During culture,primary hDPSCs were induced to differentiate into ECs by exposing them to a hypoxic environment and CM.The hypoxic pretreated hDPSCs were then mixed with ECs at specific ratios and conditioned in a 3D environment to produce prevascularized dental pulp organoids.The biological characteristics of the organoids were analysed,and the regulatory pathways associated with angiogenesis were studied.RESULTS The combination of these two agents resulted in prevascularized human dental pulp organoids(Vorganoids)that more closely resembled dental pulp tissue in terms of morphology and function.Single-cell RNA sequencing of dental pulp tissue and RNA sequencing of Vorganoids were integrated to analyse key regulatory pathways associated with angiogenesis.The biomarkers forkhead box protein O1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 were identified to be involved in the regulation of Vorganoids.CONCLUSION In this innovative study,we effectively established an in vitro model of Vorganoids and used it to elucidate new mechanisms of angiogenesis during regeneration,facilitating the development of clinical treatment strategies.展开更多
The peripheral nerve injuries,representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system,are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden.Although periphera...The peripheral nerve injuries,representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system,are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden.Although peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system,mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair,several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after healing.Based on the injury type,different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so far.Nerve grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries,however these approaches own limitations,such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site morbidity.Cell based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration,in fact,the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last decade.Dental pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine,because of the ease of isolation procedures,stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities,which are due to the embryological origin from neural crest.In this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models,highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.展开更多
The ability of human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells（HDDPCs） to differentiate into odontoblasts that generate mineralized tissue holds immense potential for therapeutic use in the field of tooth regenerative medic...The ability of human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells（HDDPCs） to differentiate into odontoblasts that generate mineralized tissue holds immense potential for therapeutic use in the field of tooth regenerative medicine. Realization of this potential depends on efficient and optimized protocols for the genetic manipulation of HDDPCs. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a Piggy Bac（PB）-based gene transfer system as a method for introducing nonviral transposon DNA into HDDPCs and HDDPC-derived inducible pluripotent stem cells. The transfection efficiency of the PB-based system was significantly greater than previously reported for electroporation-based transfection of plasmid DNA. Using the neomycin resistance gene as a selection marker, HDDPCs were stably transfected at a rate nearly 40-fold higher than that achieved using conventional methods. Using this system, it was also possible to introduce two constructs simultaneously into a single cell. The resulting stable transfectants, expressing td Tomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein, exhibited both red and green fluorescence. The established cell line did not lose the acquired phenotype over three months of culture. Based on our results, we concluded that PB is superior to currently available methods for introducing plasmid DNA into HDDPCs. There may be significant challenges in the direct clinical application of this method for human dental tissue engineering due to safety risks and ethical concerns. However, the high level of transfection achieved with PB may have significant advantages in basic scientific research for dental tissue engineering applications, such as functional studies of genes and proteins. Furthermore, it is a useful tool for the isolation of genetically engineered HDDPC-derived stem cells for studies in tooth regenerative medicine.展开更多
A method of treating pulpless coloured anterior tooth is presented.Most part ofthe coloured dentin of the labial crown was removed and the dental structure was bleachedwith 30% hydrogen peroxide for 5min.The pulp cavi...A method of treating pulpless coloured anterior tooth is presented.Most part ofthe coloured dentin of the labial crown was removed and the dental structure was bleachedwith 30% hydrogen peroxide for 5min.The pulp cavity was then filled with whitephoto-curing composite.The result of the treatment is quite satisfactory.With our treatment,the intact contour of the crown and the hardness and gloss of the enamel are preserved.SEM proved that the composite was tightly bound with the enamel of the medial wall of thepulp cavity,forming an entity with the tooth,thus guaranteeing the strength of the crown.展开更多
Summary： We developed a method that allows us to label nociceptive neurons innervating tooth-pulp in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons using a retrograde fluorescence-tracing method, to re- cord ATP-activated current i...Summary： We developed a method that allows us to label nociceptive neurons innervating tooth-pulp in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons using a retrograde fluorescence-tracing method, to re- cord ATP-activated current in freshly isolated fluorescence-labeled neurons and to conduct single cell immunohistochemical staining for P2X1 and P2X3 subunits in the same neuron. Three types of ATP-activated current in these neurons （F, I and S） were recorded. The cells exhibiting the type F current mainly showed positive staining for P2X3, but negative staining for P2X1. The results provide direct and convincing evidence at the level of single native nociceptive neurons for correlation of the characteristics of ATP-activated currents with their composition of P2Xl and P2X3 subunits and cell size. The results also suggest that the P2X3, but not P2X1, is the main subunit that mediates the fast ATP-activated current in nociceptive neurons.展开更多
Introduction: The endodontic management of necrotic permanent immature teeth is a challenge for the practitioner. These teeth are treated by apexification. However, because of the complications associated with this tr...Introduction: The endodontic management of necrotic permanent immature teeth is a challenge for the practitioner. These teeth are treated by apexification. However, because of the complications associated with this treatment, researchers have developed other therapies. Currently, a new technique called pulp revascularization has emerged. This technique allows the continuation of root completion thanks to a healthy tissue newly formed at the intra root canal level. Material and method: A literature search of articles dealing with pulp revascularization of immature permanent teeth was conducted using two types of search strategy, a literature search using keywords on databases and then a manual “bottom-up” search of references of previously identified articles. Results: 112 articles were identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: This work showed that pulp revascularization is a new therapy that aims to restart root development on an immature permanent tooth. It is based on the principle of tissue engineering and uses the differentiation potential of stem cells. Conclusion: Currently, the literature values revascularization as it allows root development, sidewall thickening, apical closure and a decrease in periapical lesion and ensures a good sealing. Clinical and radiographic success rates appear to be encouraging, except that factors influencing treatment must be taken into consideration.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Foundation of Technology Committee of Tongzhou District,No.KJ2019CX001(to SX).
文摘Human dental pulp stem cell transplantation has been shown to be an effective therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury.However,whether the human dental pulp stem cell secretome can contribute to functional recovery after spinal cord injury remains unclear.In the present study,we established a rat model of spinal cord injury based on impact injury from a dropped weight and then intraperitoneally injected the rats with conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells.We found that the conditioned medium effectively promoted the recovery of sensory and motor functions in rats with spinal cord injury,decreased expression of the microglial pyroptosis markers NLRP3,GSDMD,caspase-1,and interleukin-1β,promoted axonal and myelin regeneration,and inhibited the formation of glial scars.In addition,in a lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia model,conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells protected cells from pyroptosis by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/interleukin-1βpathway.These results indicate that conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells can reduce microglial pyroptosis by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/interleukin-1βpathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.Therefore,conditioned medium from human dental pulp stem cells may become an alternative therapy for spinal cord injury.
基金Supported by Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH2020-2-5021Exploration Project to Improve the Quality of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors in 2022+1 种基金Health Care Project in 2022,No.22JSZ13Haidian Frontier Project of Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.L222110.
文摘BACKGROUND This paper reports a rare presentation of multiple pulp stones(PSs)emerging in all teeth during mixed dentition.It offers valuable insights into the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of multiple PSs,shedding light on their occurrence during the mixed dentition period.CASE SUMMARY A 10-year-old girl presented with repeated pain in the mandibular right posterior teeth.Intraoral examination revealed carious lesions,abnormal tooth shapes,and anomalies in tooth number.Radiographic examinations showed multiple PSs with diverse shapes,sizes,and quantities in all teeth,alongside anomalies in tooth shape and number.Root canal therapy was initiated,but the patient initially lacked timely follow-up.Upon return for treatment completion,an extracted tooth revealed irregular calculus within the pulp cavity.CONCLUSION This case underscores the importance of considering multiple PSs in mixed dentition,necessitating comprehensive evaluation and management strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action taken at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, KATH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at KATH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seeking professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental knowledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515030211)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278157)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(2023B03J1365).
文摘A critical pathway towards enhancing pulp mill biorefineries is to integrate the extraction and utilization of hemicelluloses into the pulping processes.Hence,an industrial pre-extraction strategy for hemicelluloses targeting eucalyptus kraft pulping process was developed.Alkaline solution or pulping white liquor was used to pre-extract hemicelluloses before the actual pulping process.The response surface methodology(RSM)technique was applied to investigate the most suitable conditions to maximize the yield of these hemicelluloses while simultaneously minimizing the damage to pulp yields and properties.Temperature(105 to 155℃),alkali concentration(3%to 8%),sulfidity(20%to 30%)and retention time(19 to 221 min)were combined to evaluate their effects on hemicellulose yields and chemical structures.The optimal pre-extraction conditions identified in this work(5.75%NaOH concentration,25%sulfidity at 135℃for 60 min)successfully allowed recovering 4.8%of hemicelluloses(based on the wood dry mass)and limited damages to pulp yields and properties.The cellulose content in pulp can even be increased by about 10%.Hemicellulose emulsification properties were also evaluated,which were comparable to synthetic emulsifiers.This study provides an industrial pathway to effectively separate and utilize wood hemicelluloses from the pulping process,which has the potential to improve the economy and material utilization of pulp and paper mills.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by Anhui Jieshou People's Hospital Institutional Review Board,No.2019-11-001.
文摘BACKGROUND The role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis is not clear.AIM To explore the role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis.METHODS A total of 100 patients with reversible pulpitis who were treated in Anhui Jieshou People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study.They were categorized into an observation group(n=50;treatment with adrenaline)and a control group(n=50;treatment with zinc oxide eugenol paste).The 24-h postoperative pain,regression time of gingival congestion and redness,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Patients were further categorized into the ineffective and effective treatment groups based on clinical efficacy.Logistic multiple regression analysis explored factors affecting the efficacy of pulp capping treatment.RESULTS A significant difference in 24-h postoperative pain was observed between the groups(P<0.05),with a higher proportion of grade I pain noted in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01).The regression time of gingival congestion and swelling was lower in the observation group(2.61±1.44 d and 2.73±1.36 d,respectively)than in the control group(3.85±1.47 d and 4.28±1.61 d,respectively)(P<0.05).The 2-wk postoperative total effective rate was lower in the control group(80.00%)than in the observation group(94.00%)(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was not significantly different between the control(14.00%)and observation(12.00%)groups(P>0.05).The proportion of adrenaline usage was lower(P<0.05)and that of anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and Fusobacterium nucleatum was higher in the ineffective treatment group than in the effective treatment group(P<0.05).Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed adrenaline as a protective factor(P<0.05)and anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and F.nucleatum as risk factors for pulp capping in reversible pulpitis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adrenaline demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in pulp capping treatment for reversible pulpitis,reducing pain and improving clinical symptoms safely.It is a protective factor for pulp capping,whereas Streptococcus and F.nucleatum are risk factors.Targeted measures can be implemented to improve clinical efficacy.
文摘The Tyrannosauridae,which is characterized by specialized pachydont dentition and putative bone-cracking predatory strategies,is one of the most extensively studied theropod lineages.Although tooth replacement patterns,crucial for understanding feeding behaviors,have been thoroughly studied in this group,studies on non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids are relatively scarce.This study utilizes high-resolution CT data to investigate the tooth replacement pattern in two specimens of Guanlong wucaii,a Late Jurassic tyrannosauroid,and provides insights into the evolution of tooth replacement across Tyrannosauroidea.Second-generation replacement teeth,a rarity observed mainly in giant predatory theropods(e.g.some tyrannosaurids),were detected in the dentary dentition of the juvenile Guanlong.Zahnreihen reconstructions display a consistent cephalad alternating tooth replacement pattern in the maxilla and the dentary of both of the examined individuals,with Z-spacing values exceeding 2.0.As Guanlong grows,the Z-spacing value in the maxillary dentition increases,resembling the ontogenetic changes documented in the Tyrannosauridae.Additionally,like Tarbosaurus,Guanlong also displays a discontinuity between the tooth replacement waves at the premaxilla-maxilla boundary.This study thus demonstrates that some tyrannosaurid-like tooth replacement patterns were acquired before the origin of the Tyrannosauridae.
文摘Background: An independent relationship between tooth loss and hypertension appears to exist. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between tooth loss/number of teeth and hypertension. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. We searched all the relevant studies in international databases of PubMed and Google Scholar search engines from January 2000 to December 2023. Results: Fourteen studies (11 cross sectionals, 2 descriptives and 1 Cohort) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most cross-sectional studies showed that participants with more tooth loss exhibited a greater proportion of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure than those with less tooth loss. Cohort study showed that the loss of 8 or more teeth was associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension. Descriptive studies reported that missing teeth were marginally significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: This study has revealed a significantly higher SBP in patients with fewer remaining teeth or more tooth loss. In addition, those with more tooth loss showed a higher risk of hypertension than those with less tooth loss.
文摘Infant malnutrition is a significant issue in Côte d’Ivoire, and this study aims to address it by formulating infant flours using local ingredients. Fermentation, germination, and malting methods were used to enhance the quality of six formulated flours, all based on Fonio and supplemented with Bambara groundnut, African locust bean fruit pulp, and cashew kernels. Results showed that Fonio had the highest carbohydrate content, while Bambara groundnut and Cashew kernels were rich in protein and lipid content. African locust bean fruit pulp was rich in fiber and Vitamin C, with a high β-carotene value. The cashew kernel had the highest energy value. Regarding mineral composition, African locust bean fruit pulp had the highest potassium content, while Bambara groundnut and African locust bean fruit pulp were rich in sodium. Cashew kernel and Fonio had higher iron and calcium content. Bambara groundnut had a higher zinc content, while cashew kernel had a higher magnesium content. The formulated flours made from fermented Fonio grains and enriched with Bambara groundnut, African locust bean fruit pulp, and cashew kernel had varying protein, fiber, carbohydrate, ash, and fat contents. The flour formulated with sprouted Fonio and enriched with the same ingredients had higher protein content and energy value than the other fermented seed-based flours. The mixed flours produced with fermented seeds and the flour produced from sprouted seeds met international standards. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the nutritional composition of the formulated flours and their potential to combat infant malnutrition in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘Obesity is a chronic condition characterised by excess body fat that leads to increased body weight. One of the most effective ways to treat obesity is to use appetite suppressants to reduce food intake. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo reduction of food intake and weight gain caused by Parkia biglobosa (Pb) fruit pulp. Twenty-four healthy NMRI mice divided into four groups were used for the experiment. Group 1, considered the negative control, received distilled water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered daily with 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Pb fruit pulp powder suspension, respectively. The reduction in food intake was assessed in two phases: acute food intake for one day (24 h) and long-term food intake for seven weeks. Nutrient parameters and phenolic compounds in Pb fruit pulp were quantified. The results showed that Pb fruit pulp had a significant effect on reducing acute food intake. At a dose of 250 mg/kg, Pb had the best activity in reducing acute food intake, with an overall reduction rate of approximately 47.98% ± 1.17% compared to the control. Repeated daily administration inhibited food intake with all three doses for 13 days compared to control. Food intake was significantly decreased for up to 31 days by taking a 100 mg/kg dose of Pb (p = 0.0174). Weight gain was significantly lower (p = 0.0003) in mice treated with 100 mg/kg Pb than in controls at the end of 7 weeks. According to the nutritional composition study, Pb fruit pulp contains an abundance of total carbohydrates (68.81% ± 0.32%) and crude fiber (14.35% ± 0.21%). This study demonstrated that Pb fruit pulp effectively reduces food intake in healthy mice. Pb pulp’s richness in crude fiber and phenolic compounds makes it a potential aid in managing obesity.
文摘In dentistry, panoramic X-ray images are extensively used by dentists for tooth structure analysis and disease diagnosis. However, the manual analysis of these images is time-consuming and prone to misdiagnosis or overlooked. While deep learning techniques have been employed to segment teeth in panoramic X-ray images, accurate segmentation of individual teeth remains an underexplored area. In this study, we propose an end-to-end deep learning method that effectively addresses this challenge by employing an improved combinatorial loss function to separate the boundaries of adjacent teeth, enabling precise segmentation of individual teeth in panoramic X-ray images. We validate the feasibility of our approach using a challenging dataset. By training our segmentation network on 115 panoramic X-ray images, we achieve an intersection over union (IoU) of 86.56% for tooth segmentation and an accuracy of 65.52% in tooth counting on 87 test set images. Experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement of our proposed method in single tooth segmentation compared to existing methods.
基金Hainan Provincial Finance Fund for Science and Technology Program-2020 Hainan Province Key R&D Program for Social Developmen(No.ZDYF2020166)2023 Hainan Province Key R&D Program for Social Development(No.ZDYF2023SHFZ095)。
文摘Objective: To explore the effectiveness of various interventions in accelerating tooth movement, a systematic review and net-work meta analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Willey Library, EBSCO, Web of Science Databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify relevant studies. ADDIS 1.16.6 and Stata 16.0 software were used for NMA. Results: Five thousand five hundred and forty-two articles were searched out. After screening by two independent investigators, forty-seven randomized controlled trials, 1 390 participants, were included in this network meta-analysis. A total of 11 interventions involving Piezocision (Piezo), Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), Plate- let-rich plasma(PRP), Electromagnetic field(EF), Low intensity laser therapy(LLLT), Low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LI-PUS), Low-frequency vibrations(LFV), Distraction osteogenesis(DAD), Corticotomy(Corti), Microosteoperforations (MOPS), Traditional orthodontic(OT)were identified and classified into 3 classes including surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment and traditional orthodontic treatment. According to SUCRA probability ranking of the best intervention effect, when orthodontic treatment lasted for 1 month, PBMT (90.6%), Piezo(87.4%) and MOPs(73.6%)were the top three interventions to improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 2 months, Corti (75.7%), Piezo (69.6%) and LFV(58.9%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. When orthodontic treatment lasted for 3 months, Cort (73.3%), LLLT(68.4%)and LFV(60.8%)were the top three interventions for improving the mobility efficiency of canine tooth movement. Conclusion: PBMT and Piezo can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement significantly after 1 month, while Corti and LFV can improve the efficiency of canine tooth movement better after 2 and 3 months.
基金Supported by São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP),No.2010/08918-9 and 2020/11564-6the KBSP Young Investigator Fellowship,No.2011/00204-0+2 种基金the DBF Fellowship,No.2019/27492-7the LMG Fellowship,No.2014/01395-1the CFB Fellowship,No.2014/14278-3.
文摘BACKGROUND Validation of the reference gene(RG)stability during experimental analyses is essential for correct quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data normalisation.Commonly,in an unreliable way,several studies use genes involved in essential cellular functions[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase(GAPDH),18S rRNA,andβ-actin]without paying attention to whether they are suitable for such experimental conditions or the reason for choosing such genes.Furthermore,such studies use only one gene when Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments guidelines recom-mend two or more genes.It impacts the credibility of these studies and causes dis-tortions in the gene expression findings.For tissue engineering,the accuracy of gene expression drives the best experimental or therapeutical approaches.We cultivated DPSCs under two conditions:Undifferentiated and osteogenic dif-ferentiation,both for 35 d.We evaluated the gene expression of 10 candidates for RGs[ribosomal protein,large,P0(RPLP0),TATA-binding protein(TBP),GAPDH,actin beta(ACTB),tubulin(TUB),aminolevulinic acid synthase 1(ALAS1),tyro-sine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein,zeta(YWHAZ),eukaryotic translational elongation factor 1 alpha(EF1a),succinate dehydrogenase complex,subunit A,flavoprotein(SDHA),and beta-2-micro-globulin(B2M)]every 7 d(1,7,14,21,28,and 35 d)by RT-qPCR.The data were analysed by the four main algorithms,ΔCt method,geNorm,NormFinder,and BestKeeper and ranked by the RefFinder method.We subdivided the samples into eight subgroups.RESULTS All of the data sets from clonogenic and osteogenic samples were analysed using the RefFinder algorithm.The final ranking showed RPLP0/TBP as the two most stable RGs and TUB/B2M as the two least stable RGs.Either theΔCt method or NormFinder analysis showed TBP/RPLP0 as the two most stable genes.However,geNorm analysis showed RPLP0/EF1αin the first place.These algorithms’two least stable RGs were B2M/GAPDH.For BestKeeper,ALAS1 was ranked as the most stable RG,and SDHA as the least stable RG.The pair RPLP0/TBP was detected in most subgroups as the most stable RGs,following the RefFinfer ranking.CONCLUSION For the first time,we show that RPLP0/TBP are the most stable RGs,whereas TUB/B2M are unstable RGs for long-term osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs in traditional monolayers.
文摘BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis(AS),a chronic inflammatory disease of blood vessels,is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease.Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)are capable of exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by secreting cytokines and exosomes and are widely used to treat autoimmune and inflam-mation-related diseases.Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a key role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.AIM To modify DPSCs with HGF(DPSC-HGF)and evaluate the therapeutic effect of DPSC-HGF on AS using an apolipoprotein E-knockout(ApoE-/-)mouse model and an in vitro cellular model.METHODS ApoE-/-mice were fed with a high-fat diet(HFD)for 12 wk and injected with DPSC-HGF or Ad-Null modified DPSCs(DPSC-Null)through tail vein at weeks 4,7,and 11,respectively,and the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms were analyzed by histopathology,flow cytometry,lipid and glucose measurements,real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the different time points of the experiment.An in vitro inflammatory cell model was established by using RAW264.7 cells and human aortic endothelial cells(HAOECs),and indirect co-cultured with supernatant of DPSC-Null(DPSC-Null-CM)or DPSC-HGF-CM,and the effect and mechanisms were analyzed by flow cytometry,RT-PCR and western blot.Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)activators and inhibitors were also used to validate the related signaling pathways.RESULTS DPSC-Null and DPSC-HGF treatments decreased the area of atherosclerotic plaques and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors,and the percentage of macrophages in the aorta,and DPSC-HGF treatment had more pronounced effects.DPSCs treatment had no effect on serum lipoprotein levels.The FACS results showed that DPSCs treatment reduced the percentages of monocytes,neutrophils,and M1 macrophages in the peripheral blood and spleen.DPSC-Null-CM and DPSC-HGF-CM reduced adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor-αstimulated HAOECs and regulated M1 polarization and inflammatory factor expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION This study suggested that DPSC-HGF could more effectively ameliorate AS in ApoE-/-mice on a HFD,and could be of greater value in stem cell-based treatments for AS.
文摘Dental pulp stem/stromal cells(DPSCs)are fibroblast-like,neural crest-derived,and multipotent cells that can differentiate into several lineages.They are relatively easy to isolate from healthy and inflamed pulps,with little ethical concerns and can be successfully cryopreserved and thawed.The therapeutic effects of DPSCs derived from animal or human sources have been extensively studied through in-vitro and in-vivo animal experiments and the findings indicated that DPSCs are effective not only for dental diseases but also for systemic diseases.Understanding that translational research is a critical step through which the fundamental scientific discoveries could be translated into applicable diagnostics and therapeutics that directly benefit humans,several clinical studies were carried out to generate evidence for the efficacy and safety of autogenous or allogeneic human DPSCs(hDPSCs)as a treatment modality for use in cell-based therapy,regenerative medicine/dentistry and tissue engineering.In clinical medicine,hDPSCs were effective for treating acute ischemic stroke and human exfoliated deciduous teeth-conditioned medium(SHED-CM)repaired vascular damage of the corpus cavernous,which is the main cause of erectile dysfunction.Whereas in clinical dentistry,autologous SHED was able to rege-nerate necrotic dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth,and micrografts enriched with autologous hDPSCs and collagen sponge were considered a treatment option for human intrabony defects.In contrast,hDPSCs did not add a significant regenerative effect when they were used for the treatment of post-extraction sockets.Large-scale clinical studies across diverse populations are still lacking to provide robust evidence on the safety and efficacy of hDPSCs as a new treatment option for various human diseases including dental-related problems.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Programme of Guangzhou City,No.202201020341.
文摘BACKGROUND The self-assembly of solid organs from stem cells has the potential to greatly expand the applicability of regenerative medicine.Stem cells can self-organise into microsized organ units,partially modelling tissue function and regeneration.Dental pulp organoids have been used to recapitulate the processes of tooth development and related diseases.However,the lack of vasculature limits the utility of dental pulp organoids.AIM To improve survival and aid in recovery after stem cell transplantation,we demonstrated the three-dimensional(3D)self-assembly of adult stem cell-human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs)and endothelial cells(ECs)into a novel type of spheroid-shaped dental pulp organoid in vitro under hypoxia and conditioned medium(CM).METHODS During culture,primary hDPSCs were induced to differentiate into ECs by exposing them to a hypoxic environment and CM.The hypoxic pretreated hDPSCs were then mixed with ECs at specific ratios and conditioned in a 3D environment to produce prevascularized dental pulp organoids.The biological characteristics of the organoids were analysed,and the regulatory pathways associated with angiogenesis were studied.RESULTS The combination of these two agents resulted in prevascularized human dental pulp organoids(Vorganoids)that more closely resembled dental pulp tissue in terms of morphology and function.Single-cell RNA sequencing of dental pulp tissue and RNA sequencing of Vorganoids were integrated to analyse key regulatory pathways associated with angiogenesis.The biomarkers forkhead box protein O1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 were identified to be involved in the regulation of Vorganoids.CONCLUSION In this innovative study,we effectively established an in vitro model of Vorganoids and used it to elucidate new mechanisms of angiogenesis during regeneration,facilitating the development of clinical treatment strategies.
文摘The peripheral nerve injuries,representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system,are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden.Although peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system,mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair,several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after healing.Based on the injury type,different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so far.Nerve grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries,however these approaches own limitations,such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site morbidity.Cell based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration,in fact,the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last decade.Dental pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine,because of the ease of isolation procedures,stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities,which are due to the embryological origin from neural crest.In this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models,highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.
基金supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (grant no. 25463192) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture, and Technology of Japan
文摘The ability of human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells（HDDPCs） to differentiate into odontoblasts that generate mineralized tissue holds immense potential for therapeutic use in the field of tooth regenerative medicine. Realization of this potential depends on efficient and optimized protocols for the genetic manipulation of HDDPCs. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a Piggy Bac（PB）-based gene transfer system as a method for introducing nonviral transposon DNA into HDDPCs and HDDPC-derived inducible pluripotent stem cells. The transfection efficiency of the PB-based system was significantly greater than previously reported for electroporation-based transfection of plasmid DNA. Using the neomycin resistance gene as a selection marker, HDDPCs were stably transfected at a rate nearly 40-fold higher than that achieved using conventional methods. Using this system, it was also possible to introduce two constructs simultaneously into a single cell. The resulting stable transfectants, expressing td Tomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein, exhibited both red and green fluorescence. The established cell line did not lose the acquired phenotype over three months of culture. Based on our results, we concluded that PB is superior to currently available methods for introducing plasmid DNA into HDDPCs. There may be significant challenges in the direct clinical application of this method for human dental tissue engineering due to safety risks and ethical concerns. However, the high level of transfection achieved with PB may have significant advantages in basic scientific research for dental tissue engineering applications, such as functional studies of genes and proteins. Furthermore, it is a useful tool for the isolation of genetically engineered HDDPC-derived stem cells for studies in tooth regenerative medicine.
文摘A method of treating pulpless coloured anterior tooth is presented.Most part ofthe coloured dentin of the labial crown was removed and the dental structure was bleachedwith 30% hydrogen peroxide for 5min.The pulp cavity was then filled with whitephoto-curing composite.The result of the treatment is quite satisfactory.With our treatment,the intact contour of the crown and the hardness and gloss of the enamel are preserved.SEM proved that the composite was tightly bound with the enamel of the medial wall of thepulp cavity,forming an entity with the tooth,thus guaranteeing the strength of the crown.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30970927)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (No.2008CDA053)the Wuhan Science and Technology Foundation (Nos. 200970634270, 201250499145-27)
文摘Summary： We developed a method that allows us to label nociceptive neurons innervating tooth-pulp in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons using a retrograde fluorescence-tracing method, to re- cord ATP-activated current in freshly isolated fluorescence-labeled neurons and to conduct single cell immunohistochemical staining for P2X1 and P2X3 subunits in the same neuron. Three types of ATP-activated current in these neurons （F, I and S） were recorded. The cells exhibiting the type F current mainly showed positive staining for P2X3, but negative staining for P2X1. The results provide direct and convincing evidence at the level of single native nociceptive neurons for correlation of the characteristics of ATP-activated currents with their composition of P2Xl and P2X3 subunits and cell size. The results also suggest that the P2X3, but not P2X1, is the main subunit that mediates the fast ATP-activated current in nociceptive neurons.
文摘Introduction: The endodontic management of necrotic permanent immature teeth is a challenge for the practitioner. These teeth are treated by apexification. However, because of the complications associated with this treatment, researchers have developed other therapies. Currently, a new technique called pulp revascularization has emerged. This technique allows the continuation of root completion thanks to a healthy tissue newly formed at the intra root canal level. Material and method: A literature search of articles dealing with pulp revascularization of immature permanent teeth was conducted using two types of search strategy, a literature search using keywords on databases and then a manual “bottom-up” search of references of previously identified articles. Results: 112 articles were identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: This work showed that pulp revascularization is a new therapy that aims to restart root development on an immature permanent tooth. It is based on the principle of tissue engineering and uses the differentiation potential of stem cells. Conclusion: Currently, the literature values revascularization as it allows root development, sidewall thickening, apical closure and a decrease in periapical lesion and ensures a good sealing. Clinical and radiographic success rates appear to be encouraging, except that factors influencing treatment must be taken into consideration.
