Big data are regarded as a tremendous technology for processing a huge variety of data in a short time and with a large storage capacity.The user’s access over the internet creates massive data processing over the in...Big data are regarded as a tremendous technology for processing a huge variety of data in a short time and with a large storage capacity.The user’s access over the internet creates massive data processing over the internet.Big data require an intelligent feature selection model by addressing huge varieties of data.Traditional feature selection techniques are only applicable to simple data mining.Intelligent techniques are needed in big data processing and machine learning for an efficient classification.Major feature selection algorithms read the input features as they are.Then,the features are preprocessed and classified.Here,an algorithm does not consider the relatedness.During feature selection,all features are misread as outputs.Accordingly,a less optimal solution is achieved.In our proposed research,we focus on the feature selection by using supervised learning techniques called grey wolf optimization(GWO)with decomposed random differential grouping(DrnDG-GWO).First,decomposition of features into subsets based on relatedness in variables is performed.Random differential grouping is performed using a fitness value of two variables.Now,every subset is regarded as a population in GWO techniques.The combination of supervised machine learning with swarm intelligence techniques produces best feature optimization results in this research.Once the features are optimized,we classify using advanced kNN process for accurate data classification.The result of DrnDGGWO is compared with those of the standard GWO and GWO with PSO for feature selection to compare the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.The accuracy and time complexity of the proposed algorithm are 98%and 5 s,which are better than the existing techniques.展开更多
The amount of scientific knowledge from randomized parallel group trials have been improved by the CONSORT Guideline, but important intelligence with important clinical implications remains to be extracted. This may t...The amount of scientific knowledge from randomized parallel group trials have been improved by the CONSORT Guideline, but important intelligence with important clinical implications remains to be extracted. This may though be obtained if the conventional statistical significance testing is supplied by 1) Addition of an unbiased and reproducible quantification of the magnitude or size of the clinical significance/importance of a difference in treatment outcome;2) Addition of a quantification of the credulity of statements on any possible effect size and finally;3) Addition of a quantification of the risk of committing an error when the null hypothesis is either accepted or rejected. These matters are crucial to proper conversion of trial results into good usage in every-day clinical practice and may produce immediate therapeutic consequence in quite opposite direction to the usual ones. In our drug eluting stent trial “SORT OUT II”, the implementation of our suggestions would have led to immediate cessation of use of the paclitaxel-eluting stent, which the usual Consort like reporting did not lead to. Consequently harm to subsequent patients treated by this stent might have been avoided. Our suggestions are also useful in cancer treatment trials and in fact generally so in most randomized trial. Therefore increased scientific knowledge with immediate and potentially altered clinical consequence may be the result if hypothesis testing is made complete and the corresponding adjustments are added to the CONSORT Guideline—first of all— for the potential benefit of future patients.展开更多
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated psychosocial and physical benefit from exercise for older men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). To date, different intervention d...Background: Previous studies have demonstrated psychosocial and physical benefit from exercise for older men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). To date, different intervention delivery methods have not been assessed. This study compared the effect of group-based exercise (GBE) to personal training (PT) in men undergoing ADT for PCa. Methods: 13 participants (mean age = 68.2, SD = 7.2) were randomly assigned to GBE or PT for 8 weeks. Participants exercised for 60 minutes three times per week at a moderate-vigorous intensity. Results: 10 participants completed the intervention. At post-intervention, the PT group improved: fatigue, systolic BP, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and maximal leg strength;participants in the GBE group improved leg strength. At 8 weeks, maximal upper body strength in the PT group was greater than the GBE group. There were no adverse events associated with moderate-high intensity training in this population of older men. Conclusion: PT may be more efficacious than GBE in improving several physical fitness outcomes and fatigue in men with PCa who are androgen deprived. Due to the small sample size and attrition, these results require cautious interpretation and confirmation from adequately powered trials.展开更多
背景:既往研究表明,中老年人体内组织蛋白酶K水平可通过影响骨密度来干预骨质疏松的发生和发展,但组织蛋白酶家族与其他人群骨密度之间是否存在因果关系仍未知。目的:探讨组织蛋白酶与骨密度的因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库提取...背景:既往研究表明,中老年人体内组织蛋白酶K水平可通过影响骨密度来干预骨质疏松的发生和发展,但组织蛋白酶家族与其他人群骨密度之间是否存在因果关系仍未知。目的:探讨组织蛋白酶与骨密度的因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库提取与8种组织蛋白酶相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,以5个年龄段人群的骨密度作为结局。通过双向孟德尔随机化分析,评估组织蛋白酶与骨密度的因果关系。使用Cochran’s Q检验评估遗传工具变量的异质性,使用MR-Egger截距检验评估多效性,使用留一法评估作为工具变量的单核苷酸多态性对暴露和结局因果关系影响的敏感性。结果与结论:①正向孟德尔随机化的逆方差加权法结果显示,组织蛋白酶H与>45岁且≤60岁人群的骨密度呈负相关[OR(95%CI)=0.965(0.94-0.99),P=0.04],组织蛋白酶Z与>30岁且≤45岁人群的骨密度呈负相关[OR(95%CI)=1.06(1.00-1.11),P=0.03];②敏感性分析结果显示因果关系稳定,MR-Egger截距分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性;③反向孟德尔随机化结果显示,骨密度对组织蛋白酶无显著反向作用;④上述结果证实,组织蛋白酶对部分年龄段人群骨密度会造成影响,可能会增加骨质疏松症的发病风险,应给予更多关注。展开更多
In a preceding paper, the theoretical and experimental, deterministic and random, scalar and vector, kinematic structures, the theoretical and experimental, deterministic-deterministic, deterministic-random, random-de...In a preceding paper, the theoretical and experimental, deterministic and random, scalar and vector, kinematic structures, the theoretical and experimental, deterministic-deterministic, deterministic-random, random-deterministic, random-random, scalar and vector, dynamic structures have been developed to compute the exact solution for wave turbulence of exponential pulsons and oscillons that is governed by the nonstationary three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The rectangular, diagonal, and triangular summations of matrices of the turbulent kinetic energy and general terms of numerous sums have been used in the current paper to develop theoretical quantization of the kinetic energy of exact wave turbulence. Nested structures of a cumulative energy pulson, a deterministic energy pulson, a deterministic internal energy oscillon, a deterministic-random internal energy oscillon, a random internal energy oscillon, a random energy pulson, a deterministic diagonal energy oscillon, a deterministic external energy oscillon, a deterministic-random external energy oscillon, a random external energy oscillon, and a random diagonal energy oscillon have been established. In turn, the energy pulsons and oscillons include deterministic group pulsons, deterministic internal group oscillons, deterministic-random internal group oscillons, random internal group oscillons, random group pulsons, deterministic diagonal group oscillons, deterministic external group oscillons, deterministic-random external group oscillons, random external group oscillons, and random diagonal group oscillons. Sequentially, the group pulsons and oscillons contain deterministic wave pulsons, deterministic internal wave oscillons, deterministic-random internal wave oscillons, random internal wave oscillons, random wave pulsons, deterministic diagonal wave oscillons, deterministic external wave oscillons, deterministic-random external wave oscillons, random external wave oscillons, random diagonal wave oscillons. Consecutively, the wave pulsons and oscillons are composed of deterministic elementary pulsons, deterministic internal elementary oscillons, deterministic-random internal elementary oscillons, random internal elementary oscillons, random elementary pulsons, deterministic diagonal elementary oscillons, deterministic external elementary oscillons, deterministic-random external elementary oscillons, random-deterministic external elementary oscillons, random external elementary oscillons, and random diagonal elementary oscillons. Symbolic computations of exact expansions have been performed using experimental and theoretical programming in Maple.展开更多
Long time series of wave field are experimentally simulated by JONSWAP spectra with random phases in a 2D wave flume. Statistic properties of wave surface, such as significant wave height, skewness and kurtosis, are a...Long time series of wave field are experimentally simulated by JONSWAP spectra with random phases in a 2D wave flume. Statistic properties of wave surface, such as significant wave height, skewness and kurtosis, are analyzed, and the freak wave occurrence probability and its relations with Benjamin-Feir index （BFI） are also investigated. The results show that the skewness and the kurtosis are significantly dependent on the wave steepness, and the kurtosis increases along the flume when BFI is large. The freak waves are observed in random wave groups. They occur more frequently than expected, especially for the wave groups with large BFI.展开更多
IEEE 802.11ax,which is an emerging WLAN standard,aims at providing highly efficient communication in ultra-dense wireless networks.However,due to a large number of stations(STAs)in the ultra-dense device deployment sc...IEEE 802.11ax,which is an emerging WLAN standard,aims at providing highly efficient communication in ultra-dense wireless networks.However,due to a large number of stations(STAs)in the ultra-dense device deployment scenarios,the potentially high packet collision rate significantly decreases the communication efficiency of WLAN.In this paper,we propose an adaptive STA grouping scheme to overcome this dense network challenge in IEEE 802.11ax by using Buffer State Report(BSR)based Two-stage Mechanism(BTM).In order to achieve the optimal efficiency of BSR delivery,we analyze the functional relationship between STA number in group and Resource Unit(RU)efficiency.Based on this analysis results,an adaptive STA grouping algorithm with variable group size is proposed to achieve efficient grouping in BTM.The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive BTM grouping algorithm significantly improves the BSR delivery efficiency and the throughput of overall system and each STA in the ultra-dense wireless network.展开更多
Password security is a crucial component of modern internet security. In this paper, we present a provably secure method for password verification using combinatorial group theory. This method relies on the group rand...Password security is a crucial component of modern internet security. In this paper, we present a provably secure method for password verification using combinatorial group theory. This method relies on the group randomizer system, a subset of the MAGNUS computer algebra system and corrects most of the present problems with challenge response systems, the most common types of password verification. Theoretical security of the considered method depends on several results in asymptotic group theory. We mention further that this method has applications for many other password situations including container security.展开更多
Current minimization programs do not permit full control over different aspects of minimization algorithm such as distance or probability measures and may not allow for unequal allocation ratios. This article describe...Current minimization programs do not permit full control over different aspects of minimization algorithm such as distance or probability measures and may not allow for unequal allocation ratios. This article describes the implementation of “MinimPy” an open-source minimization program in Python programming language, which provides full customizetion of minimization features. MinimPy supports naive and biased coin minimization together with various new and classic distance measures. Data syncing is provided to facilitate minimization of multicenter trial over the network. MinimPy can easily be modified to fit special needs of clinical trials and in particular change it to a pure web application, though it currently supports network syncing of data in multi-center trials using network repositories.展开更多
Quantum algorithms bring great challenges to classical public key cryptosystems, which makes cryptosystems based on non-commutative algebraic systems hop topic. The braid groups, which are non-commutative, have attrac...Quantum algorithms bring great challenges to classical public key cryptosystems, which makes cryptosystems based on non-commutative algebraic systems hop topic. The braid groups, which are non-commutative, have attracted much attention as a new platform for constructing quantum attack-resistant cryptosystems. A ring signature scheme is proposed based on the difficulty of the root extraction problem over braid groups, which can resist existential forgery against the adaptively cho-sen-message attack under the random oracle model.展开更多
An exact three-dimensional solution for stochastic chaos of I wave groups of M random internal waves governed by the Navier-Stokes equations is developed. The Helmholtz decomposition is used to expand the Dirichlet pr...An exact three-dimensional solution for stochastic chaos of I wave groups of M random internal waves governed by the Navier-Stokes equations is developed. The Helmholtz decomposition is used to expand the Dirichlet problem for the Navier-Stokes equations into the Archimedean, Stokes, and Navier problems. The exact solution is obtained with the help of the method of decomposition in invariant structures. Differential algebra is constructed for six families of random invariant structures: random scalar kinematic structures, time-complementary random scalar kinematic structures, random vector kinematic structures, time-complementary random vector kinematic structures, random scalar dynamic structures, and random vector dynamic structures. Tedious computations are performed using the experimental and theoretical programming in Maple. The random scalar and vector kinematic structures and the time-complementary random scalar and vector kinematic structures are applied to solve the Stokes problem. The random scalar and vector dynamic structures are employed to expand scalar and vector variables of the Navier problem. Potentialization of the Navier field becomes available since vortex forces, which are expressed via the vector potentials of the Helmholtz decomposition, counterbalance each other. On the contrary, potential forces, which are described by the scalar potentials of the Helmholtz decomposition, superimpose to generate the gradient of a dynamic random pressure. Various constituents of the kinetic energy are ascribed to diverse interactions of random, three-dimensional, nonlinear, internal waves with a two-fold topology, which are termed random exponential oscillons and pulsons. Quantization of the kinetic energy of stochastic chaos is developed in terms of wave structures of random elementary oscillons, random elementary pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external elementary oscillons, random wave pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external wave oscillons, random group pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external group oscillons, a random energy pulson, random internal, diagonal, and external energy oscillons, and a random cumulative energy pulson.展开更多
文摘Big data are regarded as a tremendous technology for processing a huge variety of data in a short time and with a large storage capacity.The user’s access over the internet creates massive data processing over the internet.Big data require an intelligent feature selection model by addressing huge varieties of data.Traditional feature selection techniques are only applicable to simple data mining.Intelligent techniques are needed in big data processing and machine learning for an efficient classification.Major feature selection algorithms read the input features as they are.Then,the features are preprocessed and classified.Here,an algorithm does not consider the relatedness.During feature selection,all features are misread as outputs.Accordingly,a less optimal solution is achieved.In our proposed research,we focus on the feature selection by using supervised learning techniques called grey wolf optimization(GWO)with decomposed random differential grouping(DrnDG-GWO).First,decomposition of features into subsets based on relatedness in variables is performed.Random differential grouping is performed using a fitness value of two variables.Now,every subset is regarded as a population in GWO techniques.The combination of supervised machine learning with swarm intelligence techniques produces best feature optimization results in this research.Once the features are optimized,we classify using advanced kNN process for accurate data classification.The result of DrnDGGWO is compared with those of the standard GWO and GWO with PSO for feature selection to compare the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.The accuracy and time complexity of the proposed algorithm are 98%and 5 s,which are better than the existing techniques.
文摘The amount of scientific knowledge from randomized parallel group trials have been improved by the CONSORT Guideline, but important intelligence with important clinical implications remains to be extracted. This may though be obtained if the conventional statistical significance testing is supplied by 1) Addition of an unbiased and reproducible quantification of the magnitude or size of the clinical significance/importance of a difference in treatment outcome;2) Addition of a quantification of the credulity of statements on any possible effect size and finally;3) Addition of a quantification of the risk of committing an error when the null hypothesis is either accepted or rejected. These matters are crucial to proper conversion of trial results into good usage in every-day clinical practice and may produce immediate therapeutic consequence in quite opposite direction to the usual ones. In our drug eluting stent trial “SORT OUT II”, the implementation of our suggestions would have led to immediate cessation of use of the paclitaxel-eluting stent, which the usual Consort like reporting did not lead to. Consequently harm to subsequent patients treated by this stent might have been avoided. Our suggestions are also useful in cancer treatment trials and in fact generally so in most randomized trial. Therefore increased scientific knowledge with immediate and potentially altered clinical consequence may be the result if hypothesis testing is made complete and the corresponding adjustments are added to the CONSORT Guideline—first of all— for the potential benefit of future patients.
文摘Background: Previous studies have demonstrated psychosocial and physical benefit from exercise for older men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). To date, different intervention delivery methods have not been assessed. This study compared the effect of group-based exercise (GBE) to personal training (PT) in men undergoing ADT for PCa. Methods: 13 participants (mean age = 68.2, SD = 7.2) were randomly assigned to GBE or PT for 8 weeks. Participants exercised for 60 minutes three times per week at a moderate-vigorous intensity. Results: 10 participants completed the intervention. At post-intervention, the PT group improved: fatigue, systolic BP, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and maximal leg strength;participants in the GBE group improved leg strength. At 8 weeks, maximal upper body strength in the PT group was greater than the GBE group. There were no adverse events associated with moderate-high intensity training in this population of older men. Conclusion: PT may be more efficacious than GBE in improving several physical fitness outcomes and fatigue in men with PCa who are androgen deprived. Due to the small sample size and attrition, these results require cautious interpretation and confirmation from adequately powered trials.
文摘背景:既往研究表明,中老年人体内组织蛋白酶K水平可通过影响骨密度来干预骨质疏松的发生和发展,但组织蛋白酶家族与其他人群骨密度之间是否存在因果关系仍未知。目的:探讨组织蛋白酶与骨密度的因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库提取与8种组织蛋白酶相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,以5个年龄段人群的骨密度作为结局。通过双向孟德尔随机化分析,评估组织蛋白酶与骨密度的因果关系。使用Cochran’s Q检验评估遗传工具变量的异质性,使用MR-Egger截距检验评估多效性,使用留一法评估作为工具变量的单核苷酸多态性对暴露和结局因果关系影响的敏感性。结果与结论:①正向孟德尔随机化的逆方差加权法结果显示,组织蛋白酶H与>45岁且≤60岁人群的骨密度呈负相关[OR(95%CI)=0.965(0.94-0.99),P=0.04],组织蛋白酶Z与>30岁且≤45岁人群的骨密度呈负相关[OR(95%CI)=1.06(1.00-1.11),P=0.03];②敏感性分析结果显示因果关系稳定,MR-Egger截距分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性;③反向孟德尔随机化结果显示,骨密度对组织蛋白酶无显著反向作用;④上述结果证实,组织蛋白酶对部分年龄段人群骨密度会造成影响,可能会增加骨质疏松症的发病风险,应给予更多关注。
文摘In a preceding paper, the theoretical and experimental, deterministic and random, scalar and vector, kinematic structures, the theoretical and experimental, deterministic-deterministic, deterministic-random, random-deterministic, random-random, scalar and vector, dynamic structures have been developed to compute the exact solution for wave turbulence of exponential pulsons and oscillons that is governed by the nonstationary three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The rectangular, diagonal, and triangular summations of matrices of the turbulent kinetic energy and general terms of numerous sums have been used in the current paper to develop theoretical quantization of the kinetic energy of exact wave turbulence. Nested structures of a cumulative energy pulson, a deterministic energy pulson, a deterministic internal energy oscillon, a deterministic-random internal energy oscillon, a random internal energy oscillon, a random energy pulson, a deterministic diagonal energy oscillon, a deterministic external energy oscillon, a deterministic-random external energy oscillon, a random external energy oscillon, and a random diagonal energy oscillon have been established. In turn, the energy pulsons and oscillons include deterministic group pulsons, deterministic internal group oscillons, deterministic-random internal group oscillons, random internal group oscillons, random group pulsons, deterministic diagonal group oscillons, deterministic external group oscillons, deterministic-random external group oscillons, random external group oscillons, and random diagonal group oscillons. Sequentially, the group pulsons and oscillons contain deterministic wave pulsons, deterministic internal wave oscillons, deterministic-random internal wave oscillons, random internal wave oscillons, random wave pulsons, deterministic diagonal wave oscillons, deterministic external wave oscillons, deterministic-random external wave oscillons, random external wave oscillons, random diagonal wave oscillons. Consecutively, the wave pulsons and oscillons are composed of deterministic elementary pulsons, deterministic internal elementary oscillons, deterministic-random internal elementary oscillons, random internal elementary oscillons, random elementary pulsons, deterministic diagonal elementary oscillons, deterministic external elementary oscillons, deterministic-random external elementary oscillons, random-deterministic external elementary oscillons, random external elementary oscillons, and random diagonal elementary oscillons. Symbolic computations of exact expansions have been performed using experimental and theoretical programming in Maple.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51079023 and 51221961)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant Nos.2011CB013703 and 2013CB036101)
文摘Long time series of wave field are experimentally simulated by JONSWAP spectra with random phases in a 2D wave flume. Statistic properties of wave surface, such as significant wave height, skewness and kurtosis, are analyzed, and the freak wave occurrence probability and its relations with Benjamin-Feir index （BFI） are also investigated. The results show that the skewness and the kurtosis are significantly dependent on the wave steepness, and the kurtosis increases along the flume when BFI is large. The freak waves are observed in random wave groups. They occur more frequently than expected, especially for the wave groups with large BFI.
文摘IEEE 802.11ax,which is an emerging WLAN standard,aims at providing highly efficient communication in ultra-dense wireless networks.However,due to a large number of stations(STAs)in the ultra-dense device deployment scenarios,the potentially high packet collision rate significantly decreases the communication efficiency of WLAN.In this paper,we propose an adaptive STA grouping scheme to overcome this dense network challenge in IEEE 802.11ax by using Buffer State Report(BSR)based Two-stage Mechanism(BTM).In order to achieve the optimal efficiency of BSR delivery,we analyze the functional relationship between STA number in group and Resource Unit(RU)efficiency.Based on this analysis results,an adaptive STA grouping algorithm with variable group size is proposed to achieve efficient grouping in BTM.The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive BTM grouping algorithm significantly improves the BSR delivery efficiency and the throughput of overall system and each STA in the ultra-dense wireless network.
文摘Password security is a crucial component of modern internet security. In this paper, we present a provably secure method for password verification using combinatorial group theory. This method relies on the group randomizer system, a subset of the MAGNUS computer algebra system and corrects most of the present problems with challenge response systems, the most common types of password verification. Theoretical security of the considered method depends on several results in asymptotic group theory. We mention further that this method has applications for many other password situations including container security.
文摘Current minimization programs do not permit full control over different aspects of minimization algorithm such as distance or probability measures and may not allow for unequal allocation ratios. This article describes the implementation of “MinimPy” an open-source minimization program in Python programming language, which provides full customizetion of minimization features. MinimPy supports naive and biased coin minimization together with various new and classic distance measures. Data syncing is provided to facilitate minimization of multicenter trial over the network. MinimPy can easily be modified to fit special needs of clinical trials and in particular change it to a pure web application, though it currently supports network syncing of data in multi-center trials using network repositories.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10501053)
文摘Quantum algorithms bring great challenges to classical public key cryptosystems, which makes cryptosystems based on non-commutative algebraic systems hop topic. The braid groups, which are non-commutative, have attracted much attention as a new platform for constructing quantum attack-resistant cryptosystems. A ring signature scheme is proposed based on the difficulty of the root extraction problem over braid groups, which can resist existential forgery against the adaptively cho-sen-message attack under the random oracle model.
文摘An exact three-dimensional solution for stochastic chaos of I wave groups of M random internal waves governed by the Navier-Stokes equations is developed. The Helmholtz decomposition is used to expand the Dirichlet problem for the Navier-Stokes equations into the Archimedean, Stokes, and Navier problems. The exact solution is obtained with the help of the method of decomposition in invariant structures. Differential algebra is constructed for six families of random invariant structures: random scalar kinematic structures, time-complementary random scalar kinematic structures, random vector kinematic structures, time-complementary random vector kinematic structures, random scalar dynamic structures, and random vector dynamic structures. Tedious computations are performed using the experimental and theoretical programming in Maple. The random scalar and vector kinematic structures and the time-complementary random scalar and vector kinematic structures are applied to solve the Stokes problem. The random scalar and vector dynamic structures are employed to expand scalar and vector variables of the Navier problem. Potentialization of the Navier field becomes available since vortex forces, which are expressed via the vector potentials of the Helmholtz decomposition, counterbalance each other. On the contrary, potential forces, which are described by the scalar potentials of the Helmholtz decomposition, superimpose to generate the gradient of a dynamic random pressure. Various constituents of the kinetic energy are ascribed to diverse interactions of random, three-dimensional, nonlinear, internal waves with a two-fold topology, which are termed random exponential oscillons and pulsons. Quantization of the kinetic energy of stochastic chaos is developed in terms of wave structures of random elementary oscillons, random elementary pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external elementary oscillons, random wave pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external wave oscillons, random group pulsons, random internal, diagonal, and external group oscillons, a random energy pulson, random internal, diagonal, and external energy oscillons, and a random cumulative energy pulson.
