Properly regulated flowering time is pivotal for successful plant reproduction.The floral transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is regulated by a complex gene regulatory network that integrates envi...Properly regulated flowering time is pivotal for successful plant reproduction.The floral transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is regulated by a complex gene regulatory network that integrates environmental signals and internal conditions to ensure that flowering takes place under favorable conditions.Brassica rapa is a diploid Cruciferae species that includes several varieties that are cultivated as vegetable or oil crops.Flowering time is one of the most important agricultural traits of B.rapa crops because of its influence on yield and quality.The transition to flowering in B.rapa is regulated by several environmental and developmental cues,which are perceived by several signaling pathways,including the vernalization pathway,the autonomous pathway,the circadian clock,the thermosensory pathway,and gibberellin(GA)signaling.These signals are integrated to control the expression of floral integrators BrFTs and BrSOC1s to regulate flowering.In this review,we summarized current research advances on the molecular mechanisms that govern flowering time regulation in B.rapa and compare this to what is known in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)constitutes one of the primary diseases affecting Brassica rapa,severely impacting its production and resulting in crop failures in various regions worldwide.Recent research has demonstrated t...Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)constitutes one of the primary diseases affecting Brassica rapa,severely impacting its production and resulting in crop failures in various regions worldwide.Recent research has demonstrated the significance of plant translation initiation factors,specifically the eIF4E and eIF4G family genes,as essential recessive disease resistance genes.In our study,we conducted evolutionary and gene expression studies,leading us to identify e IF(iso)4E.c as a potential TuMV-resistant gene.Leveraging CRISPR/Cas9 technology,we obtained mutant B.rapa plants with edited eIF(iso)4E.c gene.We confirmed eIF(iso)4E.c confers resistance against TuMV through phenotypic observations and virus content evaluations.Furthermore,we employed ribosome profiling assays on eif(iso)4e.c mutant seedlings to unravel the translation landscape in response to TuMV.Interestingly,we observed a moderate correlation between the fold changes in gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels(R^(2)=0.729).Comparative analysis of ribosome profiling and RNA-seq data revealed that plant-pathogen interaction,and MAPK signaling pathway-plant pathways were involved in eIF(iso)4E.c-mediated TuMV resistance.Further analysis revealed that sequence features,coding sequence length,and normalized minimal free energy,influenced the translation efficiency of genes.Our study highlights that the loss of e IF(iso)4E.c can result in a highly intricate translation mechanism,acting synergistically with transcription to confer resistance against TuMV.展开更多
The Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain(LBD)genes encode highly conserved plant-specific LOB domain proteins which regulate growth and development in various species.However,members of the LBD gene family have yet to be i...The Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain(LBD)genes encode highly conserved plant-specific LOB domain proteins which regulate growth and development in various species.However,members of the LBD gene family have yet to be identified in Brassica rapa var.rapa.In the present study,fifty-nine LBD genes were identified and distributed on 10 chromosomes.The BrrLBD proteins are predicted to encode hydrophobic polypeptides between 118 and 394 amino acids in length and with molecular weights ranging from 13.31 to 44.24 kDa;the theoretical pi for these proteins varies from 4.83 to 9.68.There were 17 paralogous gene pairs in the BrrLBD family,suggesting that the amplification of the BrrLBD gene family involved largescale gene duplication events.Members of the BrrLBD family were divided into 7 subclades(class I a to e,class II a and b).Analysis of gene structure and conserved domains revealed that most BrrLBD genes of the same subclade had similar gene structures and protein motifs.The expression profiles of 59 BrrLBD genes were determined through Quantitative Real-time fluorescent PCR(qRT-PCR).Most BrrLBD genes in the same subclade had similar gene expression profiles.However,the expression patterns of 7 genes differed from their duplicates,indicating that although the gene function of most BrrLBD genes has been conserved,some BrrLBD genes may have undergone evolutionary change.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study antifeedant activity of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv and Viola yedoensis Makino extracts against Pieris rapae. [Method] Activity material was extracted...[Objective] The research aimed to study antifeedant activity of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv and Viola yedoensis Makino extracts against Pieris rapae. [Method] Activity material was extracted from S. viridis （L.）, P. acinosa and V. yedoensis using acetone cold soak method, and non-selective antifeedant activity of extracts to Pieris rapae larva was determined by using lobular plate addition method. [Result] The results showed that the acetone leaching agent of P. acinosa had most obvious antifeedant effects on Pieris rapae. The antifeedant rate were 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h respectively. With the concentration increasing, the antifeedant effect of P. acinosa extracts increased. The antifeedant rate of 0.050 g/ml treatment was the highest, being 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h. [Conclusion] P. acinosa could be studied and utilized as potential botanical insecticide.展开更多
Polyploidy is pursued in plant breeding programs due mainly to its ability to yield larger vegetative or reproductive organs. In controlled growth chamber experiments, a tetraploid turnip （cv. Aijiaohuang, 4n） and i...Polyploidy is pursued in plant breeding programs due mainly to its ability to yield larger vegetative or reproductive organs. In controlled growth chamber experiments, a tetraploid turnip （cv. Aijiaohuang, 4n） and its diploid progenitor （cv. Aijiaohuang, 2n） were evaluated for their tolerance to salinity stress via investigations on a group of physiological parameters. The results indicate that the tetraploid turnip exhibit better adaptation to a high concentration salt medium （200 mmol L-1）, as evidenced by a less-affected germination rate and a healthier morphological appearance at the seedling stage. Furthermore, an extension of salinity stress up to a certain period of time at the 5-7-leaf stage shows differences between the tetraploid turnip and its diploid progenitor. The former had a higher K＋/Na＋ ratio in the roots, higher glutathione concentration and antioxidant activities in the leaves, and smaller reductions in photosynthetic capacity in terms of leaf chlorophyll content. Studies on the differences between an autopolyploid and its respective relative, from which the autopolyploid originated, in terms of their tolerance to salinity and/or other abiotic stresses, have remained rather limited. The comparison is interesting due to a homogenous genetic background.展开更多
目的:探讨抗人骨肉瘤人源化单链抗体(OS-mhscFv)联合雷帕霉素(RAPA)对人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞凋亡及HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2表达的影响及其作用机制。方法:将人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞分为生理盐水组、OS-mhscFv组、RAPA组和OSmhscFv+RAPA联合组,应用...目的:探讨抗人骨肉瘤人源化单链抗体(OS-mhscFv)联合雷帕霉素(RAPA)对人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞凋亡及HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2表达的影响及其作用机制。方法:将人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞分为生理盐水组、OS-mhscFv组、RAPA组和OSmhscFv+RAPA联合组,应用流式细胞仪检测OS-mhscFv联合RAPA对MG-63细胞凋亡的影响;应用Real time PCR法检测4组细胞中HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2的mRNA表达量。结果:与生理盐水组和单独给药组比较,OS-mhscFv+RAPA联合组能诱导MG-63细胞的凋亡,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。OS-mhscFv+RAPA联合组MG-63细胞中HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2的mRNA相对表达量均显著低于单独用药组和生理盐水组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:OS-mhscFv联合RAPA能够有效诱导MG-63细胞凋亡,其诱导机制可能是通过下调HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2的mRNA表达量完成。展开更多
A molecular genetic map of Chinese cabbage was constructed with a 102 recombinant inbred (RI) population from a cross of two cultivated Chinese cabbage lines 177 and 276, using AFLP and RAPD markers. 352 markers inclu...A molecular genetic map of Chinese cabbage was constructed with a 102 recombinant inbred (RI) population from a cross of two cultivated Chinese cabbage lines 177 and 276, using AFLP and RAPD markers. 352 markers including 265 AFLP markers and 87 RAPD markers were integrated into 17 linkage groups. It covered a total of 2 665. 7 cM with an average interval of 7. 6 cM. AFLP marker is efficient for map construction while it easily forms clusters to cause big gaps in map. A total of 13.92 % abnormal segregation markers distributed in the map. The molecular genetic map is fundamental for gene localization, comparative genomics, and QTL mapping of important agronomic traits.展开更多
Simple sequence repeat （SSR） or microsatellite marker is a valuable tool for several purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and breeding. In the present study, an intersimple sequence repeat （ISSR）-PCR techniq...Simple sequence repeat （SSR） or microsatellite marker is a valuable tool for several purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and breeding. In the present study, an intersimple sequence repeat （ISSR）-PCR technique was applied for developing SSR markers in non-heading Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa）. A total of 190 SSRs were obtained. Among these, AG or CT （54.7%） was the most frequent repeat, followed by AC or GT （31.6%） of the microsatellites. The average number of the SSRs length array was 16 and 10 times, respectively. Based on the determined SSR sequences, 143 SSR primer pairs were designed to evaluate their transferabilities among the related species of Brassica. The number of alleles produced per marker averaged 2.91, and the polymorphism information content （PIC） value ranged from 0 to 0.863 with an average of 0.540. Monomorphism was observed in 16 primer pairs. The transferability percentage in CC genome was higher than in BB genome. More loci occurred in the BBCC genome. This result supported the hypothesis that BB genome was divergent from A and C genomes, and AA and CC genomes were relatively close. The polymorphic primers can be exploited for further evolution, fingerprinting, and variety identification.展开更多
We obtained two lines of Chinese head cabbage(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)selfed progenies containing both an anti-sense gene of BcpLH and a gene for resistance to kanamycin by micro-injecting buds of their prima...We obtained two lines of Chinese head cabbage(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)selfed progenies containing both an anti-sense gene of BcpLH and a gene for resistance to kanamycin by micro-injecting buds of their primary transformants(T0)with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. 31 positive plants resistant to kanamycien were recovered. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of T-DNA in two transgenic plants. One(DHZ-13-1)exhibits the characteristics of out-toward rosette and cauline leaves, and nested flower model in which secondary complete flower developed from the base of the primary ovary and the third flower from the ovary in the secondary flower, and so on, while another(DHZ-6-1)has no phenotype change. ABA and IAA affected the root growth of progeny of DHZ-13-1, but 6-BA was insensitive to hypocotyl growth during its seedling development.展开更多
Brassica rapa is one of the most important leafy vegetable crops with large cultivated area in China.To increase the availability of DNA markers in B.rapa,we developed insertion-deletion(InDel)markers utilizing high-r...Brassica rapa is one of the most important leafy vegetable crops with large cultivated area in China.To increase the availability of DNA markers in B.rapa,we developed insertion-deletion(InDel)markers utilizing high-resolution melting(HRM)curve analysis.We designed primers for 252 InDels(≥3 bp)evenly distributed in the genome and tested gene polymorphisms with eight accessions.In total,208 markers were specifically amplified,and 148 InDels with polymorphism were genotyped successfully using HRM.We further analyzed the correlation with InDel size,GC number,and predicted the difference in Tm values(Tm)using 208 markers with specific amplification.We found that the success rate of InDel markers was correlated with the GC number of InDel and the predicted-Tm,but not clearly correlated with the length of InDel.When the GC number within InDel was≥8,the successful rate exceeded 90.0%.When the predicted-Tm reached 0.5°C,the success rate was greater than 90.0%,and when it was≥0.6°C,the rate climbed to 100.0%,indicating their role as the optimal parameter for successful development of an applicable InDel marker.The polymorphic InDel markers can be easily genotyped using HRM.They are of great value in genetic analysis,construction of linkage map,and molecular marker-assisted selection in B.rapa.展开更多
The Brassica oilseed crops went through two major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid and low glucosinolate content, respectively, which may lead to reduced genetic biodiversity...The Brassica oilseed crops went through two major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid and low glucosinolate content, respectively, which may lead to reduced genetic biodiversity of the crop. This study investigates the impact of these bottlenecks on the genetic diversity within and across European and Chinese winter B. rapa cultivars. We compared eight cultivars from Europe and China, representing three different seed qualities from three different breeding periods： （1） high erucic acid, high glucosinolates （＋＋）; （2） zero erucic acid, high glucosinolates（0＋）; （3） zero erucic acid, low glucosonolates （00, canola quality）. Diversity was estimated on 32 plants per cultivar, with 16 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers covering each of the B. rapa linkage groups. The analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） showed that genetic variations within cultivars, across cultivars and across regions （Europe and China） were significant, with about 60% of the total variation within cultivars. There was a slight, but non-significant loss in genetic diversity within cultivars when comparing the three breeding periods as indicated by effective number of alleles （2.39, 2.23, and 1.99 for breeding periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively）, Shannon information index （0.93, 0.90, 0.75）, and expected heterozygosity （0.51, 0.49, 0.42）. By cluster analysis （UPGMA dendrogram） and principal coordinate analysis, Chinese and European cultivars were clearly divided into two distinct groups. In conclusion, quality improvement did not significantly reduce the genetic diversity of European and Chinese B. rapa cultivars.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to screen out ideal biological pesticides, in order to provide guidance for pollution-free control against Pieris rapae Linne. [Method] Taking Chinese cabbage variety Taiyuan Erqing as the t...[ Objective] The paper was to screen out ideal biological pesticides, in order to provide guidance for pollution-free control against Pieris rapae Linne. [Method] Taking Chinese cabbage variety Taiyuan Erqing as the test material, the field control efficiencies of four pesticides including PrGV · Bt WP 1 000 times dilution, NPV · Bt SC 750 times dilution, 0.5% azadirachtin EC 750 times dilution, and 0.3% matrine AS 500 times dilution against P. rapae were studied, and their impacts on yield and planting benefits of Chinese cabbage were also determined. Using foliar spray method, the pesticides were sprayed for the first time when the second or third instar larvae of P. rapae first occurred in fields, and sprayed for the second time with the interval of 15 d. The fields sprayed with beta-cypermethrin EC （organic chemical pesticide） and water were set as control. [ Result] NPV · Bt SC 750 times dilution had the best effect after spraying for two times： the control efficiency against P. rapae at 15 d after spraying was 90.11% ; the damage rate of Chinese cabbage was only 0.21%, while the commodity rate reached 100% ; compared with chemical pesticide spraying, the commodity yield （177 262.5 kg/hm2 ） and the income after deducting spraying cost （48 858.5 yuan/hm2 ） were increased by 14.7% and 13.75%, respectively. [ Conclusion] Although biological pesticides are more expensive, they have long persistence and good control effect, resulting in green and safe Chinese cabbage with high commodity rate and yield, and higher eventual economic benefit after deducting spraying cost.展开更多
In higher plants, sugars （mainly sucrose） are produced by photosynthetically assimilated carbon in mesophyll cells of leaves and translocated to heterotrophic organs to ensure plant growth and devel- opment. Sucrose...In higher plants, sugars （mainly sucrose） are produced by photosynthetically assimilated carbon in mesophyll cells of leaves and translocated to heterotrophic organs to ensure plant growth and devel- opment. Sucrose transporters, or sucrose carriers （SUCs）, play an important role in the long-distance transportation of sucrose from source organs to sink organs, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The identification, characterization, and molecular function analysis of sucrose transporter genes have been reported for monocot and dicot plants. However, no relevant study has been reported on sucrose transporter genes in Brassica rapa vat. rapa, a cruciferous root crop used mainly as vegetables and fodder. We identified and cloned 12 sucrose transporter genes from turnips, named BrrSUC1.1 to BrrSUCB.2 according to the SUC gene sequences of B. rapa pekinensis. We constructed a phylogenetic tree and analyzed conserved motifs for all 12 sucrose transporter genes identified. Real-time quantitative poly- merase chain reaction was conducted to understand the expression levels of SUC genes in different tissues and developmental phases of the turnip. These findings add to our understanding of the genetics and physiology of sugar transport during taproot formation in turnips.展开更多
A F2 mapping population was developed by crossing a Chinese cabbage-pe-tsai variety CC156 and an oil type Rapid cycling RC144 which were different from each other in morphology, maturity, self-compatibility, plant hei...A F2 mapping population was developed by crossing a Chinese cabbage-pe-tsai variety CC156 and an oil type Rapid cycling RC144 which were different from each other in morphology, maturity, self-compatibility, plant height, etc. Using 244 AFLP markers a map was constructed containing 10 main linkage groups covering a total distance of 857 cM, corresponding to 3.5 cM per marker. Length of linkage groups varied from 43 to 125 cM and the number of AFLP markers linkage to each group ranged from 7 to 41.展开更多
DNA methylation plays an important role in plant growth and development,and in regulating the activity of transposable elements(TEs).Research on DNA methylation-related(DMR)genes has been reported in Arabidopsis,but l...DNA methylation plays an important role in plant growth and development,and in regulating the activity of transposable elements(TEs).Research on DNA methylation-related(DMR)genes has been reported in Arabidopsis,but little research on DMR genes has been reported in Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea,the genomes of which exhibit significant differences in TE content.In this study,we identified 78 and 77 DMR genes in Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea,respectively.Detailed analysis revealed that the numbers of DMR genes in different DMR pathways varied in B.rapa and B.oleracea.The evolutionary selection pressure of DMR genes in B.rapa and B.oleracea was compared,and the DMR genes showed differential evolution between these two species.The nucleotide diversity(π)and selective sweep(Tajima’s D)revealed footprints of selection in the B.rapa and B.oleracea populations.Transcriptome analysis showed that most DMR genes exhibited similar expression characteristics in B.rapa and B.oleracea.This study dissects the evolutionary differences and genetic variations of the DMR genes in B.rapa and B.oleracea,and will provide valuable resources for future research on the divergent evolution of DNA methylation between B.rapa and B.oleracea.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32372733,32172594)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei(Grant No.C2020204111)+2 种基金S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.21326344D)State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation(Grant No.NCCIR2023ZZ-1)the Starting Grant from Hebei Agricultural University(Grant No.YJ201920).
文摘Properly regulated flowering time is pivotal for successful plant reproduction.The floral transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is regulated by a complex gene regulatory network that integrates environmental signals and internal conditions to ensure that flowering takes place under favorable conditions.Brassica rapa is a diploid Cruciferae species that includes several varieties that are cultivated as vegetable or oil crops.Flowering time is one of the most important agricultural traits of B.rapa crops because of its influence on yield and quality.The transition to flowering in B.rapa is regulated by several environmental and developmental cues,which are perceived by several signaling pathways,including the vernalization pathway,the autonomous pathway,the circadian clock,the thermosensory pathway,and gibberellin(GA)signaling.These signals are integrated to control the expression of floral integrators BrFTs and BrSOC1s to regulate flowering.In this review,we summarized current research advances on the molecular mechanisms that govern flowering time regulation in B.rapa and compare this to what is known in Arabidopsis.
基金supported by grants from the Scientist Training Program of BAAFS (Grant No.JKZX202406)the Innovation and Capacity-Building Project of BAAFS (Grant No.KJCX20230221)+2 种基金Collaborative innovation program of the Beijing Vegetable Research Center (Grant No.XTCX202302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.32072567)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (Grant No.CARS-A03)。
文摘Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)constitutes one of the primary diseases affecting Brassica rapa,severely impacting its production and resulting in crop failures in various regions worldwide.Recent research has demonstrated the significance of plant translation initiation factors,specifically the eIF4E and eIF4G family genes,as essential recessive disease resistance genes.In our study,we conducted evolutionary and gene expression studies,leading us to identify e IF(iso)4E.c as a potential TuMV-resistant gene.Leveraging CRISPR/Cas9 technology,we obtained mutant B.rapa plants with edited eIF(iso)4E.c gene.We confirmed eIF(iso)4E.c confers resistance against TuMV through phenotypic observations and virus content evaluations.Furthermore,we employed ribosome profiling assays on eif(iso)4e.c mutant seedlings to unravel the translation landscape in response to TuMV.Interestingly,we observed a moderate correlation between the fold changes in gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels(R^(2)=0.729).Comparative analysis of ribosome profiling and RNA-seq data revealed that plant-pathogen interaction,and MAPK signaling pathway-plant pathways were involved in eIF(iso)4E.c-mediated TuMV resistance.Further analysis revealed that sequence features,coding sequence length,and normalized minimal free energy,influenced the translation efficiency of genes.Our study highlights that the loss of e IF(iso)4E.c can result in a highly intricate translation mechanism,acting synergistically with transcription to confer resistance against TuMV.
基金This study was supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(31590820 and 31590823)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(41771123 and 31400244)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2017FB050).
文摘The Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain(LBD)genes encode highly conserved plant-specific LOB domain proteins which regulate growth and development in various species.However,members of the LBD gene family have yet to be identified in Brassica rapa var.rapa.In the present study,fifty-nine LBD genes were identified and distributed on 10 chromosomes.The BrrLBD proteins are predicted to encode hydrophobic polypeptides between 118 and 394 amino acids in length and with molecular weights ranging from 13.31 to 44.24 kDa;the theoretical pi for these proteins varies from 4.83 to 9.68.There were 17 paralogous gene pairs in the BrrLBD family,suggesting that the amplification of the BrrLBD gene family involved largescale gene duplication events.Members of the BrrLBD family were divided into 7 subclades(class I a to e,class II a and b).Analysis of gene structure and conserved domains revealed that most BrrLBD genes of the same subclade had similar gene structures and protein motifs.The expression profiles of 59 BrrLBD genes were determined through Quantitative Real-time fluorescent PCR(qRT-PCR).Most BrrLBD genes in the same subclade had similar gene expression profiles.However,the expression patterns of 7 genes differed from their duplicates,indicating that although the gene function of most BrrLBD genes has been conserved,some BrrLBD genes may have undergone evolutionary change.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study antifeedant activity of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv and Viola yedoensis Makino extracts against Pieris rapae. [Method] Activity material was extracted from S. viridis （L.）, P. acinosa and V. yedoensis using acetone cold soak method, and non-selective antifeedant activity of extracts to Pieris rapae larva was determined by using lobular plate addition method. [Result] The results showed that the acetone leaching agent of P. acinosa had most obvious antifeedant effects on Pieris rapae. The antifeedant rate were 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h respectively. With the concentration increasing, the antifeedant effect of P. acinosa extracts increased. The antifeedant rate of 0.050 g/ml treatment was the highest, being 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h. [Conclusion] P. acinosa could be studied and utilized as potential botanical insecticide.
基金supported by the Special Grand National Science and Technology Project, China(2009ZX08009-076B)the Natural Science Foundation of China (30971700)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Z3100130)
文摘Polyploidy is pursued in plant breeding programs due mainly to its ability to yield larger vegetative or reproductive organs. In controlled growth chamber experiments, a tetraploid turnip （cv. Aijiaohuang, 4n） and its diploid progenitor （cv. Aijiaohuang, 2n） were evaluated for their tolerance to salinity stress via investigations on a group of physiological parameters. The results indicate that the tetraploid turnip exhibit better adaptation to a high concentration salt medium （200 mmol L-1）, as evidenced by a less-affected germination rate and a healthier morphological appearance at the seedling stage. Furthermore, an extension of salinity stress up to a certain period of time at the 5-7-leaf stage shows differences between the tetraploid turnip and its diploid progenitor. The former had a higher K＋/Na＋ ratio in the roots, higher glutathione concentration and antioxidant activities in the leaves, and smaller reductions in photosynthetic capacity in terms of leaf chlorophyll content. Studies on the differences between an autopolyploid and its respective relative, from which the autopolyploid originated, in terms of their tolerance to salinity and/or other abiotic stresses, have remained rather limited. The comparison is interesting due to a homogenous genetic background.
文摘目的:探讨抗人骨肉瘤人源化单链抗体(OS-mhscFv)联合雷帕霉素(RAPA)对人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞凋亡及HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2表达的影响及其作用机制。方法:将人骨肉瘤MG-63细胞分为生理盐水组、OS-mhscFv组、RAPA组和OSmhscFv+RAPA联合组,应用流式细胞仪检测OS-mhscFv联合RAPA对MG-63细胞凋亡的影响;应用Real time PCR法检测4组细胞中HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2的mRNA表达量。结果:与生理盐水组和单独给药组比较,OS-mhscFv+RAPA联合组能诱导MG-63细胞的凋亡,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。OS-mhscFv+RAPA联合组MG-63细胞中HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2的mRNA相对表达量均显著低于单独用药组和生理盐水组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:OS-mhscFv联合RAPA能够有效诱导MG-63细胞凋亡,其诱导机制可能是通过下调HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-2的mRNA表达量完成。
文摘A molecular genetic map of Chinese cabbage was constructed with a 102 recombinant inbred (RI) population from a cross of two cultivated Chinese cabbage lines 177 and 276, using AFLP and RAPD markers. 352 markers including 265 AFLP markers and 87 RAPD markers were integrated into 17 linkage groups. It covered a total of 2 665. 7 cM with an average interval of 7. 6 cM. AFLP marker is efficient for map construction while it easily forms clusters to cause big gaps in map. A total of 13.92 % abnormal segregation markers distributed in the map. The molecular genetic map is fundamental for gene localization, comparative genomics, and QTL mapping of important agronomic traits.
文摘Simple sequence repeat （SSR） or microsatellite marker is a valuable tool for several purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and breeding. In the present study, an intersimple sequence repeat （ISSR）-PCR technique was applied for developing SSR markers in non-heading Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa）. A total of 190 SSRs were obtained. Among these, AG or CT （54.7%） was the most frequent repeat, followed by AC or GT （31.6%） of the microsatellites. The average number of the SSRs length array was 16 and 10 times, respectively. Based on the determined SSR sequences, 143 SSR primer pairs were designed to evaluate their transferabilities among the related species of Brassica. The number of alleles produced per marker averaged 2.91, and the polymorphism information content （PIC） value ranged from 0 to 0.863 with an average of 0.540. Monomorphism was observed in 16 primer pairs. The transferability percentage in CC genome was higher than in BB genome. More loci occurred in the BBCC genome. This result supported the hypothesis that BB genome was divergent from A and C genomes, and AA and CC genomes were relatively close. The polymorphic primers can be exploited for further evolution, fingerprinting, and variety identification.
文摘We obtained two lines of Chinese head cabbage(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)selfed progenies containing both an anti-sense gene of BcpLH and a gene for resistance to kanamycin by micro-injecting buds of their primary transformants(T0)with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. 31 positive plants resistant to kanamycien were recovered. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of T-DNA in two transgenic plants. One(DHZ-13-1)exhibits the characteristics of out-toward rosette and cauline leaves, and nested flower model in which secondary complete flower developed from the base of the primary ovary and the third flower from the ovary in the secondary flower, and so on, while another(DHZ-6-1)has no phenotype change. ABA and IAA affected the root growth of progeny of DHZ-13-1, but 6-BA was insensitive to hypocotyl growth during its seedling development.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31630068)the National Program on Key Research Project(Grant No.2016YFD0100307)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,China.
文摘Brassica rapa is one of the most important leafy vegetable crops with large cultivated area in China.To increase the availability of DNA markers in B.rapa,we developed insertion-deletion(InDel)markers utilizing high-resolution melting(HRM)curve analysis.We designed primers for 252 InDels(≥3 bp)evenly distributed in the genome and tested gene polymorphisms with eight accessions.In total,208 markers were specifically amplified,and 148 InDels with polymorphism were genotyped successfully using HRM.We further analyzed the correlation with InDel size,GC number,and predicted the difference in Tm values(Tm)using 208 markers with specific amplification.We found that the success rate of InDel markers was correlated with the GC number of InDel and the predicted-Tm,but not clearly correlated with the length of InDel.When the GC number within InDel was≥8,the successful rate exceeded 90.0%.When the predicted-Tm reached 0.5°C,the success rate was greater than 90.0%,and when it was≥0.6°C,the rate climbed to 100.0%,indicating their role as the optimal parameter for successful development of an applicable InDel marker.The polymorphic InDel markers can be easily genotyped using HRM.They are of great value in genetic analysis,construction of linkage map,and molecular marker-assisted selection in B.rapa.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China and the German Academic Exchange Services
文摘The Brassica oilseed crops went through two major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid and low glucosinolate content, respectively, which may lead to reduced genetic biodiversity of the crop. This study investigates the impact of these bottlenecks on the genetic diversity within and across European and Chinese winter B. rapa cultivars. We compared eight cultivars from Europe and China, representing three different seed qualities from three different breeding periods： （1） high erucic acid, high glucosinolates （＋＋）; （2） zero erucic acid, high glucosinolates（0＋）; （3） zero erucic acid, low glucosonolates （00, canola quality）. Diversity was estimated on 32 plants per cultivar, with 16 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers covering each of the B. rapa linkage groups. The analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） showed that genetic variations within cultivars, across cultivars and across regions （Europe and China） were significant, with about 60% of the total variation within cultivars. There was a slight, but non-significant loss in genetic diversity within cultivars when comparing the three breeding periods as indicated by effective number of alleles （2.39, 2.23, and 1.99 for breeding periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively）, Shannon information index （0.93, 0.90, 0.75）, and expected heterozygosity （0.51, 0.49, 0.42）. By cluster analysis （UPGMA dendrogram） and principal coordinate analysis, Chinese and European cultivars were clearly divided into two distinct groups. In conclusion, quality improvement did not significantly reduce the genetic diversity of European and Chinese B. rapa cultivars.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Chengde City in 2011(201121167)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to screen out ideal biological pesticides, in order to provide guidance for pollution-free control against Pieris rapae Linne. [Method] Taking Chinese cabbage variety Taiyuan Erqing as the test material, the field control efficiencies of four pesticides including PrGV · Bt WP 1 000 times dilution, NPV · Bt SC 750 times dilution, 0.5% azadirachtin EC 750 times dilution, and 0.3% matrine AS 500 times dilution against P. rapae were studied, and their impacts on yield and planting benefits of Chinese cabbage were also determined. Using foliar spray method, the pesticides were sprayed for the first time when the second or third instar larvae of P. rapae first occurred in fields, and sprayed for the second time with the interval of 15 d. The fields sprayed with beta-cypermethrin EC （organic chemical pesticide） and water were set as control. [ Result] NPV · Bt SC 750 times dilution had the best effect after spraying for two times： the control efficiency against P. rapae at 15 d after spraying was 90.11% ; the damage rate of Chinese cabbage was only 0.21%, while the commodity rate reached 100% ; compared with chemical pesticide spraying, the commodity yield （177 262.5 kg/hm2 ） and the income after deducting spraying cost （48 858.5 yuan/hm2 ） were increased by 14.7% and 13.75%, respectively. [ Conclusion] Although biological pesticides are more expensive, they have long persistence and good control effect, resulting in green and safe Chinese cabbage with high commodity rate and yield, and higher eventual economic benefit after deducting spraying cost.
基金supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31590820,31590823)
文摘In higher plants, sugars （mainly sucrose） are produced by photosynthetically assimilated carbon in mesophyll cells of leaves and translocated to heterotrophic organs to ensure plant growth and devel- opment. Sucrose transporters, or sucrose carriers （SUCs）, play an important role in the long-distance transportation of sucrose from source organs to sink organs, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The identification, characterization, and molecular function analysis of sucrose transporter genes have been reported for monocot and dicot plants. However, no relevant study has been reported on sucrose transporter genes in Brassica rapa vat. rapa, a cruciferous root crop used mainly as vegetables and fodder. We identified and cloned 12 sucrose transporter genes from turnips, named BrrSUC1.1 to BrrSUCB.2 according to the SUC gene sequences of B. rapa pekinensis. We constructed a phylogenetic tree and analyzed conserved motifs for all 12 sucrose transporter genes identified. Real-time quantitative poly- merase chain reaction was conducted to understand the expression levels of SUC genes in different tissues and developmental phases of the turnip. These findings add to our understanding of the genetics and physiology of sugar transport during taproot formation in turnips.
基金This study was sponsored by Sino-Dutch Genomic Project of Horticultural Crops(2001CB711102)National 863 Program of China(2003AA207120).
文摘A F2 mapping population was developed by crossing a Chinese cabbage-pe-tsai variety CC156 and an oil type Rapid cycling RC144 which were different from each other in morphology, maturity, self-compatibility, plant height, etc. Using 244 AFLP markers a map was constructed containing 10 main linkage groups covering a total distance of 857 cM, corresponding to 3.5 cM per marker. Length of linkage groups varied from 43 to 125 cM and the number of AFLP markers linkage to each group ranged from 7 to 41.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC31872105 and 31801862)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
文摘DNA methylation plays an important role in plant growth and development,and in regulating the activity of transposable elements(TEs).Research on DNA methylation-related(DMR)genes has been reported in Arabidopsis,but little research on DMR genes has been reported in Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea,the genomes of which exhibit significant differences in TE content.In this study,we identified 78 and 77 DMR genes in Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea,respectively.Detailed analysis revealed that the numbers of DMR genes in different DMR pathways varied in B.rapa and B.oleracea.The evolutionary selection pressure of DMR genes in B.rapa and B.oleracea was compared,and the DMR genes showed differential evolution between these two species.The nucleotide diversity(π)and selective sweep(Tajima’s D)revealed footprints of selection in the B.rapa and B.oleracea populations.Transcriptome analysis showed that most DMR genes exhibited similar expression characteristics in B.rapa and B.oleracea.This study dissects the evolutionary differences and genetic variations of the DMR genes in B.rapa and B.oleracea,and will provide valuable resources for future research on the divergent evolution of DNA methylation between B.rapa and B.oleracea.
