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Screening of glucosinolates degrading lactic acid bacteria and their utilization in rapeseed meal fermentation
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作者 Yifang Chen Chong Xie +2 位作者 Muhammad Bilal Pei Wang Runqiang Yang 《Grain & Oil Science and Technology》 CAS 2024年第3期168-176,共9页
Rapeseed meal is a promising food ingredient, but its utilization is limited by the presence of some potentially harmful ingredients, such as glucosinolates. Fermentation is a cost-effective method of detoxication but... Rapeseed meal is a promising food ingredient, but its utilization is limited by the presence of some potentially harmful ingredients, such as glucosinolates. Fermentation is a cost-effective method of detoxication but a food-grade starter culture with glucosinolates degradation capacity is required. In this study, 46 strains of lactic acid bacteria from traditional paocai brines were screened for their ability to glucosinolate degradation. The results showed that more than 50% of the strains significantly degraded glucosinolates. Two strains of Lactiplantibacillus(p7 and s7) with high capacity of glucosinolates degradation through producing enzymes were identified. Then,an optimized condition for rapeseed meal fermentation by p7 was established to degrade glucosinolates, which can achieve about 80% degradation. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis showed that the degradation rate of individual glucosinolates was different and the degradation rate of gluconapin and progoitrin in rapeseed meal can reach more than 90%. Meanwhile, fermentation with p7 can improve safety of rapeseed meal by inhibiting the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and improve its nutritional properties by degrading phytic acid. The in vitro digestion experiments showed that the content of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal decreased significantly during gastric digestion. Meanwhile, fermentation with p7 can greatly improve the release of soluble protein and increase the contents of free essential amino acids, such as lysine(increased by 12 folds) and methionine(increased by 10 folds). 展开更多
关键词 rapeseed meal GLUCOSINOLATES FERMENTATION Lactic acid bacteria In vitro digestion
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Solid state fermentation of rapeseed cake with Aspergillus niger for degrading glucosinolates and upgrading nutritional value 被引量:36
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作者 Changyou Shi Jun He +5 位作者 Jie Yu Bing Yu Zhiqing Huang Xiangbing Mao Ping Zheng Daiwen Chen 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第3期340-346,共7页
Background: Rapeseed cake is a good source of protein for animal feed but its utilization is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional substances, such as glucosinolates (GIs), phytic acid, tannins etc. In th... Background: Rapeseed cake is a good source of protein for animal feed but its utilization is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional substances, such as glucosinolates (GIs), phytic acid, tannins etc. In the present study, a solid state fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus niger was carried out with the purpose of degrading glucosinolates and improving the nutritional quality of rapeseed cake (RSC). The effects of medium composition and incubation conditions on the GIs content in fermented rapeseed cake (FRSC) were investigated, and chemical composition and amino acid in vitro digestibility of RSC substrate fermented under optimal conditions were determined. Results: After 72 h of incubation at 34℃, a 76.89% decrease in GIs of RSC was obtained in solid medium containing 70% RSC, 30% wheat bran at optimal moisture content 60% (w/w). Compared to unfermented RSC, trichloroacetic acid soluble protein (TCA-SP), crude protein and ether extract contents of the FRSC were increased (P〈 0.05) 103.71, 23.02 and 23.54%, respectively. As expected, the contents of NDF and phytic acid declined (P〈 0.05) by 9.12 and 44.60%, respectively. Total amino acids (TAA) and essential amino acids (EAA) contents as well as AA in vitro digestibility of FRSC were improved significantly (P 〈 0.05). Moreover, the enzyme activity of endoglucanase, xylanase, acid protease and phytase were increased (P 〈 0.05) during SSF. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the solid state fermentation offers an effective approach to improving the quality of proteins sources such as rapeseed cake. 展开更多
关键词 Aspergillus niger GLUCOSINOLATES Nutritional value rapeseed cake Solid state fermentation
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Net energy of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs 被引量:11
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作者 Zhongchao Li Yakui Li +6 位作者 Zhiqian Lv Hu Liu Jinbiao Zhao Jean Noblet Fenglai Wang Changhua Lai Defa Li 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第4期875-884,共10页
Background: Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy(NE) of corn, soybean meal, expel er-pressed rapeseed meal(EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal(SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to val... Background: Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy(NE) of corn, soybean meal, expel er-pressed rapeseed meal(EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal(SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance.Methods: In Exp.1, 24 barrows(initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet,a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM(9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM(1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs(initial BW = 36.0± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications(pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM.Results: The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn(78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal(70%) and rapeseed meal(76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for al diets.Conclusions: The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets. 展开更多
关键词 Caloric efficiency GROWING PIG Heat production NET energy rapeseed meal
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Chemical composition,energy and amino acid digestibility in double-low rapeseed meal fed to growing pigs 被引量:6
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作者 Peili Li Fengli Wang +3 位作者 Fei Wu Jinrong Wang Ling Liu Changhua Lai 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第4期445-454,共10页
Background: The nutritional value of rapeseed meal may be variable due to the variation of its chemical composition. And a precise understandin9 of the nutritional value of an ingredient is beneficial for the accurat... Background: The nutritional value of rapeseed meal may be variable due to the variation of its chemical composition. And a precise understandin9 of the nutritional value of an ingredient is beneficial for the accurate diet formulation and reduction of feed costs. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, dicjestible energy (DE) and metabolizable enercjy (ME) content, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal dicjestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) for growincj pigs. Thirteen solvent-extracted double-low rapeseed meal (DLIRSM) samples were obtained from the main double-low rapeseed producing areas in China. Methods: The DE and ME contents of the 13 DLRSM samples were measured in cjrowin9 pigs (six pigs per DLRSM sample, average initial body weicjht (BW) =48.3 kg). The AID and SID of AA of 10 DLRSM samples were determined in 12 crossbred barrows (average initial BW = 35.3 kcj) by using two 6 x 6 Latin square designs. Each Latin square comprised one N-flee diet and 5 DLRSM test diets. Results: The chemical composition of DLRSM varied among samples, and the coefficient of variation was greater than ]0 % for ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), calcium (Ca), and total 91ucosinolates. The AA content of DLRSM varied among samples especially for lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met). On a dry matter (DM) basis, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATFD) of gross energy (GE), the DE and ME and the ME:DE ratio of DLRSM averaged 62.39 %, 2862 kcal/k9 and 2723 kcal/kcj, and 94.95 %, respectively. The mean value of S1D of Lys was 70.52 % which varied from 66.54-76.54 %. The SID of crude protein (CP), Met, and threonine (Thr) averaged 72.81%, 82.41%, and 69.76 %, respectively. Conclusions: There was great variability in chemical composition especially in the concentration of EE, NDF and ADF, but no significant differences in energy content of the DLIRSM samples were observed. In addition, the AID and SID of all AA were relatively similar amoncj DLRSM samples except for that of Lys. 展开更多
关键词 Digestible energy Double-low rapeseed meal Growing pigs Ileal digestibility of amino acids Metabolizable energy
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Study on Reduction of Heavy Metal Contents in Tobacco by Application of Rapeseed Cake
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作者 陈云飞 成文章 +1 位作者 蒋智林 强继业 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第9期2078-2080,2084,共4页
[Objective] This study was conducted to find an effective method to control heavy metals in tobacco. [Method] Field experiments were carried out in the culture process of flue-cured tobacco, and the effects of applica... [Objective] This study was conducted to find an effective method to control heavy metals in tobacco. [Method] Field experiments were carried out in the culture process of flue-cured tobacco, and the effects of application of rapeseed cake at different amounts in reducing heavy metal contents in tobacco were investigated. [Result] The application of different amounts of rapeseed cake as the base fertilizer had a positive effect in reducing heavy metal contents in tobacco, and the treatment applied with oil cake accounting for 30% of total fertilizer showed an effect significantly different from that of the CK. [Conclusion] This study has a positive effect on the improvement of tobacco safety, and provides certain scientific guide for the improvement of tobacco safety by improving fertilization modes and fertilizer kinds and for the selection and pretreatment of fertilizers, which are of very important significance to practical production. 展开更多
关键词 Flue-cured tobacco rapeseed cake Heavy metals REDUCTION
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Identification and Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Rapeseed Meals (Brassica napus L.) 被引量:2
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作者 Si-Chang Yang Mariadhas Valan Arasu +6 位作者 Jin-Hyuk Chun Young-Seok Jang Yong-Hwa Lee In Ho Kim Ki-Taek Lee Soon-Taek Hong Sun-Ju Kim 《Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment》 2015年第1期14-23,共10页
This study aimed in the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in different four varieties of rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) using LC-MS and HPLC. LC-MS analysis guided to identify 12 phenolic compound... This study aimed in the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in different four varieties of rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) using LC-MS and HPLC. LC-MS analysis guided to identify 12 phenolic compounds including sinapine, sinapine(4-O-8')guaiacyl, feruloyl choline(4-O-8') guaiacyl, kaempferol-3-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-sophoroside, cyclic spermidine-alkaloid, feruloyl choline(5-8')guaiacyl, kaempferol-sinapoyl-trihexoside,1,2-di- O-sinapoyl-gentiobiose, 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-glucose, feruloyl choline(4-O-8')guaiacyl-di-sinapoyl, and sinapine(4-O-8')guaiacyl-di-sinapoyl, respectively. Total phenolic compounds in rapeseed meals were ranged from 38.50 (2012 “Sunmang”) to 63.95 mg/g dry weight (DW) (2014 Jeju local cultivar). Main phenolic compositions were cyclic spermidine-alkaloid, kaempferol, feruloyl choline, and sinapine. Sinapine was predominant compound among all the samples ranged from 29.74 to 52.24 mg/g DW (mean 79% of total phenolic contents). This study provided the information for the variation of phenolic compounds between the varieties of rapeseeds and the cultivation periods. Furthermore, this information can be developed for bio-energy industry as a reducer of the cost of the bio-energy products. 展开更多
关键词 LC-MS ANALYSIS HPLC ANALYSIS rapeseed meal PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
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Improvement of Feeding Value of Rapeseed Meal by Mixed Solid State Fermentation 被引量:1
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作者 GU Xu-hui ZHANG Yong-guang +3 位作者 ZHAO Guo-ming ZHANG Ru-bing ZHANG Fan ZHU Jian-hang 《Animal Husbandry and Feed Science》 CAS 2010年第3期12-14,17,共4页
[Objective] To optimize solid state fermentation conditions of rapeseed meal and thus to reduce glucosinolates and neutral detergent fibers by mixed cultures of Aspergillus oryzae and Tnchoderrna viride. [ Method ] Th... [Objective] To optimize solid state fermentation conditions of rapeseed meal and thus to reduce glucosinolates and neutral detergent fibers by mixed cultures of Aspergillus oryzae and Tnchoderrna viride. [ Method ] The optimal fermentation conditions were determined by single factor test and orthogonal design. [ Result J The optimum fermentation conditions are as following: inoculum weight ratio (Aspergillus oryzae vs Trichoderma vinde), 1:1 ; inoculum size, 30% ; water content, 40% ; fermentation time, 96 h; and fermentation temperature, 30℃. Under these conditions, glucosinolates were reduced by 90.71% and neutral detergent fibers were degraded by 20.65%. [ Condusion] In laboratory, solid state fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae and Trichoderrna viride can be used to produce high-quality rapeseed meal. 展开更多
关键词 rapeseed meal Aspergillus oryzae Trichoderma viride GLUCOSINOLATES Neutral detergent fibers
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Application Effects of Amino Acid Powder,Fermented Rapeseed Meal and Fermented Cottonseed Meal in Feeds for Allogynogenetic Crucian Carp 被引量:1
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作者 KONG Li ZHANG Wei YE Yuan-tu DAIXiu-ying WANG Wen-juan CAI Chun-fang 《Animal Husbandry and Feed Science》 CAS 2010年第6期7-10,13,共5页
[Objective] To investigate the effects of amino acid powder, fermented rapeseed meal and fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, amino acid absorption, body composition and liver function of allogynogenti... [Objective] To investigate the effects of amino acid powder, fermented rapeseed meal and fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, amino acid absorption, body composition and liver function of allogynogentic crucian carp. [ Method] The allogynogentic crucian carps with the average initial weight of 17.3 g were divided into control group and six experimental groups randomly. The allogynogentic crucian carps in the control group and experimental groups were fed a basal diet and the basal diets supplemented by amino acid powder, fermented rapeseed meal and fermented cottonseed meal, respectively. The growth rate and specific growth rate of allogynogentic crucian carps, the content of amino acids in serum and feeds, the composition indicators of body, muscle and liver, as well as the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in liver and serum were determined, respectively. [ Result] The growth rate and specific growth rate (SGR) of allogynogentic crucian carps in the 3% amino acid powder group and the 6% fermented cottonseed meal group were increased greatly ( P 〈 0.05), and no significant difference was found between experimental group and control group. The serum lysine content of the 3% amino acid powder group and the 6% fermented cottonseed meal group was higher than that of the control group. In the experimental groups, the absorption of four essential amino acids was up to a peak at 4 h after feeding, which was consistent with the control group. The body composition and liver function of allogynogentic crucian carps had no significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group. [ Conclusion] The 3% amino acid powder, 6% fermented cottonseed meal and 6% fermented rapeseed meal can substitute fish meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal to improve the clrowth performance, amino acid absorption of the allogynogentic crucian carps. 展开更多
关键词 AIIogyngenetic crucian carp Amino acid powder Fermented rapeseed meal Fermented rapeseed meal
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Effect of the desolventizing/toasting process on chemical composition and protein quality of rapeseed meal 被引量:2
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作者 Rainer Mosenthin Ulrike Messerschmidt +3 位作者 Nadja Sauer Patrick Carre Alain Quinsac Friedrich Schone 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第1期205-216,共12页
Background: During processing in a desolventizer/toaster(DT), rapeseed meal(RSM) is heated to evaporate the hexane and to reduce the level of heat-labile anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates(GSL). Ho... Background: During processing in a desolventizer/toaster(DT), rapeseed meal(RSM) is heated to evaporate the hexane and to reduce the level of heat-labile anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates(GSL). However, excessive heat treatment may reduce amino acid(AA) content in addition to lower AA digestibility and availability in RSM. The objective of the present study was to produce from one batch of a 00-rapeseed variety(17 μmol GSL/g dry matter(DM), seed grade quality) five differently processed RSM under standardized and defined conditions in a pilot plant,and to determine the impact of these different treatments on protein solubility and chemical composition, in particular with regard to contents of AA including reactive Lys(rL ys) and levels of total and individual GSL.Methods: Four RSM were exposed to wet toasting conditions(WetT C) with increasing residence time in the DT of 48,64, 76, and 93 min. A blend of these four RSM was further processed, starting with saturated steam processing(〈 100 °C)and followed by exposure to dry toasting conditions(DryT C) to further reduce the GSL content in this RSM.Results: The contents of neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber bound crude protein(CP) increased linearly(P 〈 0.05), as residence time of RSM in the DT increased from 48 to 93 min, whereas contents of total and most individual GSL and those of Lys, rL ys, Cys, and the calculated ratio of Lys:CP and r Lys:CP decreased linearly(P ≤ 0.05).The combination of wet heating and DryT C resulted in the lowest GSL content compared to RSM produced under WetT C, but was associated with lowest protein solubility.Conclusions: It can be concluded that by increasing residence time in the DT or using alternative processing conditions such as wet heating combined with DryT C, contents of total and individual GSL in RSM can be substantially reduced.Further in vivo studies are warranted to elucidate if and to which extent the observed differences in protein quality and GSL content between RSM may affect digestibility and bioavailability of AA in monogastric animals. 展开更多
关键词 Anti-nutritional factor Glucosinolate Processing Protein quality rapeseed meal
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Effect of Phytase on Digestibility and Performance of Growing and Finishing Pigs Fed Diets with Lupins and Rapeseed Meal 被引量:1
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作者 Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka Anita Zaworska-Zakrzewska Andrzej Rutkowski 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2020年第4期216-227,共12页
Lupin seeds and rapeseed meal(RSM)contain relatively high amounts of poorly digestible phytate.Phytase additive can help in the utilization of nutrients from the diet.The aim of this study was to determine total tract... Lupin seeds and rapeseed meal(RSM)contain relatively high amounts of poorly digestible phytate.Phytase additive can help in the utilization of nutrients from the diet.The aim of this study was to determine total tract digestibility coefficients of nutrients and performance results of finishing pigs fed diets containing yellow lupin or narrow-leafed lupin seeds and/or RSM with similar or increasing levels of phytase.Three experiments were conducted.In Experiment I the effect of RONOZYME®HiPhos(100 g/t)in diets containing narrow-leafed or yellow lupin seeds and RSM on production parameters of fatteners was analyzed.In Experiment II the effect of phytase RONOZYME®HiPhos(1,000 FTU/t)in similar diets was analyzed but calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)levels in diets were reduced.In Experiment III the effect of increasing levels of Quantum Bluephytase(0,5,000,10,000 and 15,000 FTU/t)in diets with yellow lupin seeds with reduced Ca and P level on total tract digestibility coefficients of selected nutrients and performance of pigs was analyzed.In none of the experiments the enzyme additives included in the diet affected pig performance(p>0.05).There were no significant differences(p>0.05)in apparent total tract digestibility coefficients of dry matter(DM)and crude protein(CP).The phytase additives significantly improved P and Ca digestibility coefficients(p<0.05)in comparison with the control diet,but this improvement was not linearly related with phytase dosage.By improving digestibility phytase allows to reduce mineral contents in diets,thus reducing the cost of pig nutrition. 展开更多
关键词 PHYTASE LUPIN rapeseed meal weaners fatteners digestibility.
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Optimization of Conditions of Concentrating Protein in Rapeseed Meal by Ultrasonic-assisted Alcohol Washing
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作者 Wensong LI Yuane ZHANG +1 位作者 Wen NIE Jianfeng ZHAN 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2017年第5期66-68,71,共4页
This study was performed to optimize the conditions for concentrating protein in commercial rapeseed meal by ultrasonic-assisted alcohol washing method. The effects of sonication time,particle size,ultrasonic power an... This study was performed to optimize the conditions for concentrating protein in commercial rapeseed meal by ultrasonic-assisted alcohol washing method. The effects of sonication time,particle size,ultrasonic power and liquid to solid ratio on protein content were investigated. The result showed that the optimal conditions for concentrating protein in rapeseed meal were: sonication time of 40 min,particle size of 40 mesh,ultrasonic power of 800 W and liquid to solid ratio of 9∶ 1. Under these conditions,the protein content in rapeseed meal was increased to 55. 47%,which was 10. 43% higher than that in rapeseed meal not treated by sonication. 展开更多
关键词 rapeseed meal ULTRASOUND ALCOHOL WASHING Protein Concentration
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Physical and chemical changes of rapeseed meal proteins during toasting and their effects on in vitro digestibility
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作者 Sergio Salazar-Villanea Erik M.A.M.Bruininx +4 位作者 Harry Gruppen Wouter H.Hendriks Patrick Carré Alain Quinsac Antonius F.B.van der Poel 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第2期417-427,共11页
Background: Toasting during the production of rapeseed meal(RSM) decreases ileal crude protein(CP) and amino acid(AA) digestibility. The mechanisms that determine the decrease in digestibility have not been ful... Background: Toasting during the production of rapeseed meal(RSM) decreases ileal crude protein(CP) and amino acid(AA) digestibility. The mechanisms that determine the decrease in digestibility have not been fully elucidated. A high protein quality, low-denatured, RSM was produced and toasted up to 120 min, with samples taken every 20 min. The aim of this study was to characterize secondary structure and chemical changes of proteins and glucosinolates occurring during toasting of RSM and the effects on its in vitro CP digestibility.Results: The decrease in protein solubility and the increase of intermolecular β-sheets with increasing toasting time were indications of protein aggregation. The contents of NDF and ADIN increased with increasing toasting time.Contents of arginine, lysine and O-methylisourea reactive lysine(OMIU-RL) linearly decreased with increasing toasting time, with a larger decrease of OMIU-RL than lysine. First-order reactions calculated from the measured parameters show that glucosinolates were degraded faster than lysine, OMIU-RL and arginine and that physical changes to proteins seem to occur before chemical changes during toasting. Despite the drastic physical and chemical changes noticed on the proteins, the coefficient of in vitro CP digestibility ranged from 0.776 to 0.750 and there were no effects on the extent of protein hydrolysis after 120 min. In contrast, the rate of protein hydrolysis linearly decreased with increasing toasting time, which was largely correlated to the decrease in protein solubility, lysine and OMIU-RL observed. Rate of protein hydrolysis was more than 2-fold higher for the untoasted RSM compared to the 120 min toasted material.Conclusions: Increasing the toasting time for the production of RSM causes physical and chemical changes to the proteins that decrease the rate of protein hydrolysis. The observed decrease in the rate of protein hydrolysis could impact protein digestion and utilization. 展开更多
关键词 Hydrolysis rate In vitro protein digestibility rapeseed meal Reactive lysine Secondary structure
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Isolation and characterization of melanin from rapeseed meal
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作者 Xuli Ma Xuan Li +3 位作者 Fan Chen Wenchao Chen Xia Wan Fenghong Huang 《Oil Crop Science》 2019年第1期24-31,共8页
Melanin involves in various biological functions, widely used in cosmetic, pharmacology medicine and other fields. However, melanin application is limited due to low productivity and high cost. In this work, melanin e... Melanin involves in various biological functions, widely used in cosmetic, pharmacology medicine and other fields. However, melanin application is limited due to low productivity and high cost. In this work, melanin extraction method from rapeseed meal(RSM) was explored. Effects of hydrochloric acid(HCl) concentration, ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time, and solid-liquid ratio were evaluated systematically. According to results of single factor experiment and Box-Behnken experiment, the optimum extraction conditions of melanin from RSM were as follows: HCl concentration, 0.5 mol/L; ethanol concentration, 70%; extraction temperature, 40 o C; extraction time, 1 h; solid liquid ratio, 1/4 g/mL. Under these conditions, extraction yields of crude melanin(CM) and purified melanin(PM) were 9.00% and 1.44%, respectively. Compared with synthetic melanin(SM) from Sigma, the relative purities of CM and PM were 7.82% and 29.57%, respectively. Moreover, feedstuff value of RSM residue was also improved after melanin isolation by significantly reducing glucosinolate content. 展开更多
关键词 MELANIN rapeseed meal single FACTOR EXPERIMENT Box-Behnken EXPERIMENT
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微生物固态发酵条件的优化及其对菜籽粕品质改善的研究 被引量:5
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作者 贾冰玉 邹峰余 +5 位作者 宋长春 谭肖英 赵述淼 刘志博 徐杰杰 罗智 《动物营养学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期650-657,共8页
通过优化菜籽粕固态发酵工艺,并对发酵产物进行品质评价,为菜籽粕在水产养殖业的开发利用提供理论基础。本试验采用枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)对菜籽... 通过优化菜籽粕固态发酵工艺,并对发酵产物进行品质评价,为菜籽粕在水产养殖业的开发利用提供理论基础。本试验采用枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)对菜籽粕进行固态发酵,首先对不同混菌比例、外源纤维素酶添加量及植酸酶添加量进行优化,在优化条件下对菜籽粕进行固态发酵,然后以硫甙、单宁、植酸、粗蛋白质、酸溶蛋白、总酸含量和pH为指标,评价菜籽粕发酵前后的品质变化。结果显示:枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和植物乳杆菌的最佳混菌比例为1∶1∶2、纤维素酶添加量为1.25%、植酸酶添加量为0.10%时,菜籽粕发酵的效果较好。在最优发酵条件下,发酵菜籽粕的硫甙、植酸及单宁含量分别为33μmol/g、44.49 mg/g和9.53 mg/g,降解率分别为41.92%、40.10%和59.31%。粗蛋白质和酸溶蛋白含量相较于发酵前分别增加了16.59%和41.85%。发酵菜籽粕的总酸含量增加了109.43%,且pH由6.53降至5.68。本研究为提高菜籽粕的饲用价值提供参考,有利于菜籽粕作为植物蛋白质源饲料应用于水产饲料行业中。 展开更多
关键词 菜籽粕 固态发酵 纤维素酶 植酸酶 抗营养因子
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亚麻籽及其加工产品的饲用价值与其在动物生产中的应用研究进展 被引量:3
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作者 张静梦 孙涛 +1 位作者 宾石玉 林谦 《动物营养学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期98-106,共9页
亚麻籽富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、木酚素等活性功能成分,其加工后得到的亚麻油和亚麻籽饼/粕等副产品可用于饲料,并具有改善动物生产性能和产品品质的作用。本文主要综述了亚麻籽及其加工产品(亚麻油、亚麻饼/粕和活性功能成分)的营养特... 亚麻籽富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、木酚素等活性功能成分,其加工后得到的亚麻油和亚麻籽饼/粕等副产品可用于饲料,并具有改善动物生产性能和产品品质的作用。本文主要综述了亚麻籽及其加工产品(亚麻油、亚麻饼/粕和活性功能成分)的营养特点、饲用价值以及其在动物生产中的应用现状,同时分析目前亚麻籽及相关产品应用于动物饲料存在的问题,旨在为亚麻籽及其加工产品在动物营养中的高效利用提供科学参考。 展开更多
关键词 亚麻籽 亚麻油 亚麻籽饼/粕 木酚素 饲用价值 动物生产应用
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菜籽粕混合发酵饲料替代豆粕对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率以及血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响 被引量:3
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作者 毛江笛 倪志翔 汪海峰 《动物营养学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期162-173,共12页
本试验旨在研究菜籽粕混合发酵饲料替代豆粕对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率以及血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响。试验选用70%菜籽粕、15%玉米皮和15%麸皮混合作为发酵原料,筛选菌种后选择添加酵母菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reute... 本试验旨在研究菜籽粕混合发酵饲料替代豆粕对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率以及血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响。试验选用70%菜籽粕、15%玉米皮和15%麸皮混合作为发酵原料,筛选菌种后选择添加酵母菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)和中性蛋白酶进行发酵。优化发酵条件后将条件控制为含水量55%、发酵温度30℃、发酵时间60 h,干燥制得发酵饲料。在饲喂试验中,选取平均体重为(39.3±5.3)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长猪72头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,未发酵组(RMD组)饲喂用15%未发酵菜籽粕混合饲料替代基础饲粮中豆粕、玉米和麸皮的饲粮,发酵组(FRMD组)饲喂用15%菜籽粕混合发酵饲料替代基础饲粮中豆粕、玉米和麸皮的饲粮。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)混合发酵显著提高了菜籽粕混合饲料的粗蛋白质(CP)和三氯乙酸酸溶蛋白(TCA-N)含量(P<0.05),显著降低了硫代葡萄糖苷、植酸和单宁含量(P<0.05)。2)饲养试验结果表明,3组生长猪生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05);FRMD组总磷表观消化率要显著高于RMD组(P<0.05);与CON组相比,RMD组血清尿素氮(UN)含量有所提高(P>0.05),而FRMD组血清UN含量无显著差异(P>0.05);与RMD组相比,FRMD组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,混合发酵可提高菜籽粕的营养价值,并且菜籽粕在混合发酵后可部分替代生长猪饲粮中的豆粕。 展开更多
关键词 菜籽粕 固态发酵 豆粕替代 生长性能 生长猪
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生长育肥猪菜籽饼消化能和代谢能的测定及预测模型的建立 被引量:1
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作者 唐辉 刘小杰 +7 位作者 欧阳晴 邓梦龙 谢正军 冯淦熠 蒋线吉 李瑞 周锡红 印遇龙 《动物营养学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期2208-2217,共10页
本试验测定了不同来源的10个菜籽饼的化学成分以及生长育肥猪消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME),并基于其有效化学成分含量构建DE和ME预测方程。选取健康的、初始体重为(51.2±1.7)kg的杂交[杜×(长×大)]阉公猪22头,采用2个不完全的1... 本试验测定了不同来源的10个菜籽饼的化学成分以及生长育肥猪消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME),并基于其有效化学成分含量构建DE和ME预测方程。选取健康的、初始体重为(51.2±1.7)kg的杂交[杜×(长×大)]阉公猪22头,采用2个不完全的11×3拉丁方设计,分别饲喂10个菜籽饼饲粮和1个基础饲粮,菜籽饼饲粮以菜籽饼替代基础饲粮的20%,试验共3个周期,每个周期包括7 d预试期和5 d粪尿收集期,采用全收粪、尿法和套算法测定生长育肥猪对菜籽饼的DE和ME。结果显示:1)在饲喂基础上,10个菜籽饼的干物质(DM)含量为87.95%~94.68%,总能(GE)为18.45~20.84 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙(Ca)、总磷(TP)和总硫苷(TGS)含量分别为35.15%~43.61%、5.48%~11.76%、5.99%~7.75%、8.26%~11.32%、21.89%~48.61%、13.13%~22.87%、0.50%~0.62%、0.92%~1.30%和20.25~25.02μmol/g,其中EE、CF、NDF、ADF和TGS含量的变异系数均超过了10%。2)在饲喂基础上,10个菜籽饼的DE和ME平均值分别为13.49和12.43 MJ/kg。3)菜籽饼NDF含量与DE、ME均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),DE和ME的最佳预测方程分别为DE=15.398-0.063×NDF[剩余标准差(RSD)=0.134,决定系数(R 2)=0.954,P<0.01]和ME=14.690-0.075×NDF(RSD=0.141,R 2=0.963,P<0.01)。综上可知,不同来源菜籽饼的纤维组分的变异性较大,NDF含量是菜籽饼生长育肥猪DE与ME的最佳预测因子。 展开更多
关键词 菜籽饼 生长育肥猪 消化能 代谢能 预测模型
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核桃饼粕在动物生产中的应用 被引量:1
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作者 尚晓丹 张瑞 +5 位作者 孙玲 尚泽正 李淑怡 董新星 马黎 白莹 《饲料研究》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第1期158-161,共4页
核桃饼和核桃粕是核桃在榨油后产生的副产物,核桃饼粕富含蛋白质和维生素等营养物质,但干物质和粗纤维含量高。核桃饼粕具有产量大、价格低廉的优势,可作为常规蛋白质饲料的替代品在动物生产中应用,可以适当降低饲粮预混料中相应微量元... 核桃饼和核桃粕是核桃在榨油后产生的副产物,核桃饼粕富含蛋白质和维生素等营养物质,但干物质和粗纤维含量高。核桃饼粕具有产量大、价格低廉的优势,可作为常规蛋白质饲料的替代品在动物生产中应用,可以适当降低饲粮预混料中相应微量元素和维生素的用量。文章主要从核桃饼和核桃粕的营养价值、制作工艺及其在动物生产中的应用等方面进行综述,为核桃饼和核桃粕在动物生产中的应用提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 核桃饼 核桃粕 副产物 营养价值 动物生产
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棕榈粕及其发酵饲料在动物生产中的应用进展 被引量:1
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作者 秧石航 司敬 +3 位作者 刘峰 陈家顺 姚康 杜勇 《饲料研究》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第3期159-164,共6页
棕榈粕是棕榈仁浸提取油后的副产品,具有产量丰富、营养价值高、成本低廉且抗营养因子含量较低的优点。通过微生物发酵技术可以有效降解棕榈粕中的抗营养因子,提高其消化率。文章简介了棕榈粕的生产流程、营养价值及其减量替代豆粕的可... 棕榈粕是棕榈仁浸提取油后的副产品,具有产量丰富、营养价值高、成本低廉且抗营养因子含量较低的优点。通过微生物发酵技术可以有效降解棕榈粕中的抗营养因子,提高其消化率。文章简介了棕榈粕的生产流程、营养价值及其减量替代豆粕的可行性,主要介绍采取蒸汽闪爆预处理、复合酶处理和微生物发酵处理等方式降解棕榈粕中的β-甘露聚糖与纤维含量,从而提高蛋白质水平,提高棕榈粕的利用率。文章概述了棕榈粕及其发酵饲料在反刍、家禽、猪、水产生物等养殖中的应用研究进展,总结了棕榈粕在不同动物中的推荐添加量,为棕榈粕在动物养殖中的开发与利用提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 棕榈粕 发酵棕榈粕 动物生产 生产性能
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发酵菜籽粕对黄颡鱼表观消化率、肝脏及肠道健康的影响 被引量:2
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作者 贾冰玉 邹峰余 +3 位作者 徐杰杰 赵涛 柳声赞 罗智 《水生生物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期34-43,共10页
为探究发酵菜籽粕对黄颡鱼的饲料表观消化率、肝脏及肠道健康的影响,实验以黄颡鱼(Tachysurus fulvidraco)为研究对象,共设置3组饲料,分别为对照组(Control)、未发酵菜籽粕组(URSM)和发酵菜籽粕组(FRSM),养殖实验共持续7周。研究结果表... 为探究发酵菜籽粕对黄颡鱼的饲料表观消化率、肝脏及肠道健康的影响,实验以黄颡鱼(Tachysurus fulvidraco)为研究对象,共设置3组饲料,分别为对照组(Control)、未发酵菜籽粕组(URSM)和发酵菜籽粕组(FRSM),养殖实验共持续7周。研究结果表明,FRSM组的增重率(WGR)显著高于USRM组(P<0.05),而饲料系数(FCR)和肝体比(HSI)显著低于URSM组(P<0.05)。与未发酵菜籽粕原料相比,黄颡鱼对发酵菜籽粕原料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率均增加。肝脏组织结构结果表明,URSM组黄颡鱼肝细胞空泡化的相对面积显著高于对照组和FRSM组(P<0.05)。肠道组织结构及紧密连接相关基因试验结果表明,3组间的黄颡鱼肠道绒毛宽度无显著性差异(P>0.05),而FRSM组黄颡鱼的绒毛长度和肠道zo-1和zo-2的mRNA表达水平显著高于URSM组(P<0.05)。炎症因子相关基因测定结果表明,与URSM组相比,FRSM组黄颡鱼肝脏tnf-α、tnf-β和il-1β的mRNA表达水平显著下调,肠道tnf-α和il-6的mRNA表达水平显著下调,而肠道il-10和tgf-β的mRNA表达水平显著上调。与对照组相比,饲料添加未发酵菜籽粕显著增加了黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道的MDA含量(P<0.05),降低了总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),引发肝脏和肠道氧化应激。而饲料添加发酵菜籽粕减轻了菜籽粕导致的黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道氧化损伤。凋亡相关基因检测结果发现,与对照组相比,饲料添加未发酵菜籽上调了黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道促凋亡基因bax、p53、caspase3、caspase9和mdm2的表达水平,但是下调了bcl2的mRNA表达(P<0.05)。而饲料添加发酵菜籽粕明显改善了未发酵菜籽粕导致的促凋亡现象。研究表明,菜籽粕经发酵后添加至饲料中,可以减轻未发酵菜籽粕导致的黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道炎症反应、氧化损伤及细胞凋亡,从而改善黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道健康。研究为深入探讨发酵菜籽粕对鱼类肝脏和肠道健康的改善作用提供了理论依据,对于发酵菜籽粕在鱼类生产中的应用具有重要意义。 展开更多
关键词 发酵菜籽粕 表观消化率 肝脏健康 肠道健康 黄颡鱼
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