To investigate the impact of different kinds of nerve injuries of early-stage fracture healing.Methods Three groups of rats were included in the experiment among which group 1 was inflicted with femoral fracture and T...To investigate the impact of different kinds of nerve injuries of early-stage fracture healing.Methods Three groups of rats were included in the experiment among which group 1 was inflicted with femoral fracture and T10 spinal cord transsection (SCI),group 2 was inflicted with femoral and peripheral nerve resection (PNR),and group 3 with simple femoral fracture as control group.Two weeks after operation the femoral bones were collected for X-ray checking and 2 more weeks later X-ray checking was performed again followed by pathomorphologic exams.Results X-ray result showed no massive calluses in the bones in the 2nd week postoperatively,while in the 4th week,callus appeared with larger size in group 3 than that of group 1 and with smaller size than that of group 2.It was the same with the result of pathomorphologic examining.Cortical bone bridges between fracture point and osteiod were also found in group 2 and there were less normal blood vessels and worse bone remodeling than that of group 3.There were relatively immature calluses with more fibroblast-like cells and disordered bone structure in group 2.Group 3 showed normal healing process and callus structure.Conclusion Early-stage bone fracture healing can be influenced significantly by different kinds of nerve injuries.6 refs,6 figs.展开更多
The scatter-hoarding behavior of granivorous rodents plays an important role in seed dispersal and seedling regeneration of trees,as well as the evolution of several well-known mutualisms between trees and roden...The scatter-hoarding behavior of granivorous rodents plays an important role in seed dispersal and seedling regeneration of trees,as well as the evolution of several well-known mutualisms between trees and rodents in forest ecosystems.Because it is difficult to identify seed hoarders and pilferers under field conditions by traditional methods,the full costs incurred and benefits accrued by scatter-hoarding have not been fully evaluated in most systems.By using infrared radiation camera tracking and seed tagging,we investigated the benefits and losses of scatter-hoarded seeds(Camellia oleifera)for 3 sympatric rodent species(Apodemus draco,Niviventer confucianus and Leopoldamys edwardsi)in a subtropical forest of Southwest China during 2013 to 2015.We established the relationships between the rodents and the seeds at the individual level.For each rodent species,we calculated the cache recovery rate of cache owners,as well as conspecific and interspecific pilferage rates.We found that all 3 sympatric rodent species had a cache recovery advantage with rates that far exceeded average pilferage rates over a 30-day tracking period.The smallest species(A.draco)showed the highest rate of scatter-hoarding and the highest recovery advantage compared with the other 2 larger species(N.confucianus and L.edwardsi).Our results suggest that scatter-hoarding benefits cache owners in food competition,supporting the pilferage avoidance hypothesis.Therefore,scatter-hoarding behavior should be favored by natural selection,and plays a significant role in species coexistence of rodent community and in the formation of mutualism between seeds and rodents in forest ecosystems.展开更多
文摘To investigate the impact of different kinds of nerve injuries of early-stage fracture healing.Methods Three groups of rats were included in the experiment among which group 1 was inflicted with femoral fracture and T10 spinal cord transsection (SCI),group 2 was inflicted with femoral and peripheral nerve resection (PNR),and group 3 with simple femoral fracture as control group.Two weeks after operation the femoral bones were collected for X-ray checking and 2 more weeks later X-ray checking was performed again followed by pathomorphologic exams.Results X-ray result showed no massive calluses in the bones in the 2nd week postoperatively,while in the 4th week,callus appeared with larger size in group 3 than that of group 1 and with smaller size than that of group 2.It was the same with the result of pathomorphologic examining.Cortical bone bridges between fracture point and osteiod were also found in group 2 and there were less normal blood vessels and worse bone remodeling than that of group 3.There were relatively immature calluses with more fibroblast-like cells and disordered bone structure in group 2.Group 3 showed normal healing process and callus structure.Conclusion Early-stage bone fracture healing can be influenced significantly by different kinds of nerve injuries.6 refs,6 figs.
基金supported by the key project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB11050300,KSZD-EW-TZ-008)the key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31330013).
文摘The scatter-hoarding behavior of granivorous rodents plays an important role in seed dispersal and seedling regeneration of trees,as well as the evolution of several well-known mutualisms between trees and rodents in forest ecosystems.Because it is difficult to identify seed hoarders and pilferers under field conditions by traditional methods,the full costs incurred and benefits accrued by scatter-hoarding have not been fully evaluated in most systems.By using infrared radiation camera tracking and seed tagging,we investigated the benefits and losses of scatter-hoarded seeds(Camellia oleifera)for 3 sympatric rodent species(Apodemus draco,Niviventer confucianus and Leopoldamys edwardsi)in a subtropical forest of Southwest China during 2013 to 2015.We established the relationships between the rodents and the seeds at the individual level.For each rodent species,we calculated the cache recovery rate of cache owners,as well as conspecific and interspecific pilferage rates.We found that all 3 sympatric rodent species had a cache recovery advantage with rates that far exceeded average pilferage rates over a 30-day tracking period.The smallest species(A.draco)showed the highest rate of scatter-hoarding and the highest recovery advantage compared with the other 2 larger species(N.confucianus and L.edwardsi).Our results suggest that scatter-hoarding benefits cache owners in food competition,supporting the pilferage avoidance hypothesis.Therefore,scatter-hoarding behavior should be favored by natural selection,and plays a significant role in species coexistence of rodent community and in the formation of mutualism between seeds and rodents in forest ecosystems.
