This paper considers the rational expectations model with multiplicative noise and input delay,where the system dynamics rely on the conditional expectations of future states.The main contribution is to obtain a suffi...This paper considers the rational expectations model with multiplicative noise and input delay,where the system dynamics rely on the conditional expectations of future states.The main contribution is to obtain a sufficient condition for the exact controllability of the rational expectations model.In particular,we derive a sufficient Gramian matrix condition and a rank condition for the delay-free case.The key is the solvability of the backward stochastic difference equations with input delay which is derived from the forward and backward stochastic system.展开更多
A 5-year experiment on water balance was conducted in a flat rainfed wheat field with an area of 66 m×100 m in Fengqiu, Henan Province, China. Based on the results of the 5-consecutive-year experiments,a reasonab...A 5-year experiment on water balance was conducted in a flat rainfed wheat field with an area of 66 m×100 m in Fengqiu, Henan Province, China. Based on the results of the 5-consecutive-year experiments,a reasonable irrigation model for wheat cultivation is suggested according to the principle of maintaining balance of the water resources. The irrigation program was designed by simulating the ideal soil moisture regimes during a wheat season. As far as the actual soil moisture was concerned, its deyiation from the ideal soil moisture was kept within 150 mm. If this model was put into practice, a grain yield of 5 250 kg ha-1 could be expected under optimal fertilization. Compared with the traditional irrigstion scheme, the suggested model saved irrigation water by 18%.展开更多
Alarm flood is one of the main problems in the alarm systems of industrial process. Alarm root-cause analysis and alarm prioritization are good for alarm flood reduction. This paper proposes a systematic rationalizati...Alarm flood is one of the main problems in the alarm systems of industrial process. Alarm root-cause analysis and alarm prioritization are good for alarm flood reduction. This paper proposes a systematic rationalization method for multivariate correlated alarms to realize the root cause analysis and alarm prioritization. An information fusion based interpretive structural model is constructed according to the data-driven partial correlation coefficient calculation and process knowledge modification. This hierarchical multi-layer model is helpful in abnormality propagation path identification and root-cause analysis. Revised Likert scale method is adopted to determine the alarm priority and reduce the blindness of alarm handling. As a case study, the Tennessee Eastman process is utilized to show the effectiveness and validity of proposed approach. Alarm system performance comparison shows that our rationalization methodology can reduce the alarm flood to some extent and improve the performance.展开更多
In density-based topological design, one expects that the final result consists of elements either black （solid material） or white （void）, without any grey areas. Moreover, one also expects that the optimal topolo...In density-based topological design, one expects that the final result consists of elements either black （solid material） or white （void）, without any grey areas. Moreover, one also expects that the optimal topology can be obtained by starting from any initial topology configuration. An improved structural topological optimization method for multidisplacement constraints is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, the whole optimization process is divided into two optimization adjustment phases and a phase transferring step. Firstly, an optimization model is built to deal with the varied displacement limits, design space adjustments, and reasonable relations between the element stiffness matrix and mass and its element topology variable. Secondly, a procedure is proposed to solve the optimization problem formulated in the first optimization adjustment phase, by starting with a small design space and advancing to a larger deign space. The design space adjustments are automatic when the design domain needs expansions, in which the convergence of the proposed method will not be affected. The final topology obtained by the proposed procedure in the first optimization phase, can approach to the vicinity of the optimum topology. Then, a heuristic algorithm is given to improve the efficiency and make the designed structural topology black/white in both the phase transferring step and the second optimization adjustment phase. And the optimum topology can finally be obtained by the second phase optimization adjustments. Two examples are presented to show that the topologies obtained by the proposed method are of very good 0/1 design distribution property, and the computational efficiency is enhanced by reducing the element number of the design structural finite model during two optimization adjustment phases. And the examples also show that this method is robust and practicable.展开更多
One of the major changes that has taken place over the past twenty to thirty years has been the extension of the legal recognition and protections for same-sex relationships in a wide range of countries. A number of j...One of the major changes that has taken place over the past twenty to thirty years has been the extension of the legal recognition and protections for same-sex relationships in a wide range of countries. A number of jurisdictions, including China, are considering the approach that they will adopt. This article seeks firstly to consider the justifications for the legal recognition of same-sex relationships by the state. Three main, compelling rationales are identified which are rooted in notions of the equality of all persons, the dignity and liberty of individuals to form close personal relationships, and the social benefits of recognizing close, personal relationships of same-sex couples. The second part of this article then turns to consider the maimer in which same-sex relationships should be recognized. Four models are identified： a ＂Partial Rights＂ model; a ＂Civil Partnerships＂ model; a ＂Marriage Equality＂ model, and a ＂Diversity of Relationships＂ model. Reasons for and against these particular models will be examined. In the conclusion, it shall be argued that the choice of model that has been adopted can be seen to depend on a number of factors： the manner in which equality is conceived in that society; the understanding of same-sex relationships therein, and the religious and cultural opposition to same-sex relationships in that society. The models are also not states of affairs that are fixed for all time and many countries have progressed from less extensive forms of recognition to wider recognition over time. Ultimately, it shall be argued that the rationales underlying the recognition of close personal relationships in the law support the ＂Marriage Equality＂ model or the ＂Diversity of Relationships＂ model. This article thus seeks to provide an understanding of the rationales and models for recognizing same-sex relationships that have been adopted around the world： Its focus is thus comparative but may, in this way, be useful to lawmakers and advocates for legal reform in this area in China and other jurisdictions around the world.展开更多
This paper deals with a new type of multi-angle remotely sensed data--CHRIS(the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spec-trometer),by using rational function models(RFM)and rigorous sensor models(RSM).For ortho-rectifying...This paper deals with a new type of multi-angle remotely sensed data--CHRIS(the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spec-trometer),by using rational function models(RFM)and rigorous sensor models(RSM).For ortho-rectifying an image set,a rigorous sen-sor model-Toutin's model was employed and a set of reported parameters including across track angle,along track angle,IFOV,altitude,period,eccentricity and orbit inclination were input,then,the orbit calculation was started and the track information was given to the raw data.The images were ortho-rectified with geocoded ASTER images and digital elevation(DEM)data.Results showed that with 16 ground control points(GCPs),the correction accuracy decreased with view zenith angle,and the RMSE value increased to be over one pixel at 36 degree off-nadir.When the GCPs were approximately chosen as in Toutin's model,a RFM with three coefficients produced the same accuracy trend versus view zenith angle while the RMSEs for all angles were improved and within about one pixel.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61821004,62250056,62350710214,U23A20325,62350055the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2021ZD14,ZR2021JQ24)+2 种基金High-level Talent Team Project of Qingdao West Coast New Area,China(RCTD-JC-2019-05)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(2020CXGC01208)Science and Technology Project of Qingdao West Coast New Area,China(2019-32,2020-20,2020-1-4).
文摘This paper considers the rational expectations model with multiplicative noise and input delay,where the system dynamics rely on the conditional expectations of future states.The main contribution is to obtain a sufficient condition for the exact controllability of the rational expectations model.In particular,we derive a sufficient Gramian matrix condition and a rank condition for the delay-free case.The key is the solvability of the backward stochastic difference equations with input delay which is derived from the forward and backward stochastic system.
文摘A 5-year experiment on water balance was conducted in a flat rainfed wheat field with an area of 66 m×100 m in Fengqiu, Henan Province, China. Based on the results of the 5-consecutive-year experiments,a reasonable irrigation model for wheat cultivation is suggested according to the principle of maintaining balance of the water resources. The irrigation program was designed by simulating the ideal soil moisture regimes during a wheat season. As far as the actual soil moisture was concerned, its deyiation from the ideal soil moisture was kept within 150 mm. If this model was put into practice, a grain yield of 5 250 kg ha-1 could be expected under optimal fertilization. Compared with the traditional irrigstion scheme, the suggested model saved irrigation water by 18%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61473026,61104131)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JD1413)
文摘Alarm flood is one of the main problems in the alarm systems of industrial process. Alarm root-cause analysis and alarm prioritization are good for alarm flood reduction. This paper proposes a systematic rationalization method for multivariate correlated alarms to realize the root cause analysis and alarm prioritization. An information fusion based interpretive structural model is constructed according to the data-driven partial correlation coefficient calculation and process knowledge modification. This hierarchical multi-layer model is helpful in abnormality propagation path identification and root-cause analysis. Revised Likert scale method is adopted to determine the alarm priority and reduce the blindness of alarm handling. As a case study, the Tennessee Eastman process is utilized to show the effectiveness and validity of proposed approach. Alarm system performance comparison shows that our rationalization methodology can reduce the alarm flood to some extent and improve the performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10872036)the High Technological Research and Development Program of China (2008AA04Z118)the Airspace Natural Science Foundation (2007ZA23007)
文摘In density-based topological design, one expects that the final result consists of elements either black （solid material） or white （void）, without any grey areas. Moreover, one also expects that the optimal topology can be obtained by starting from any initial topology configuration. An improved structural topological optimization method for multidisplacement constraints is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, the whole optimization process is divided into two optimization adjustment phases and a phase transferring step. Firstly, an optimization model is built to deal with the varied displacement limits, design space adjustments, and reasonable relations between the element stiffness matrix and mass and its element topology variable. Secondly, a procedure is proposed to solve the optimization problem formulated in the first optimization adjustment phase, by starting with a small design space and advancing to a larger deign space. The design space adjustments are automatic when the design domain needs expansions, in which the convergence of the proposed method will not be affected. The final topology obtained by the proposed procedure in the first optimization phase, can approach to the vicinity of the optimum topology. Then, a heuristic algorithm is given to improve the efficiency and make the designed structural topology black/white in both the phase transferring step and the second optimization adjustment phase. And the optimum topology can finally be obtained by the second phase optimization adjustments. Two examples are presented to show that the topologies obtained by the proposed method are of very good 0/1 design distribution property, and the computational efficiency is enhanced by reducing the element number of the design structural finite model during two optimization adjustment phases. And the examples also show that this method is robust and practicable.
文摘One of the major changes that has taken place over the past twenty to thirty years has been the extension of the legal recognition and protections for same-sex relationships in a wide range of countries. A number of jurisdictions, including China, are considering the approach that they will adopt. This article seeks firstly to consider the justifications for the legal recognition of same-sex relationships by the state. Three main, compelling rationales are identified which are rooted in notions of the equality of all persons, the dignity and liberty of individuals to form close personal relationships, and the social benefits of recognizing close, personal relationships of same-sex couples. The second part of this article then turns to consider the maimer in which same-sex relationships should be recognized. Four models are identified： a ＂Partial Rights＂ model; a ＂Civil Partnerships＂ model; a ＂Marriage Equality＂ model, and a ＂Diversity of Relationships＂ model. Reasons for and against these particular models will be examined. In the conclusion, it shall be argued that the choice of model that has been adopted can be seen to depend on a number of factors： the manner in which equality is conceived in that society; the understanding of same-sex relationships therein, and the religious and cultural opposition to same-sex relationships in that society. The models are also not states of affairs that are fixed for all time and many countries have progressed from less extensive forms of recognition to wider recognition over time. Ultimately, it shall be argued that the rationales underlying the recognition of close personal relationships in the law support the ＂Marriage Equality＂ model or the ＂Diversity of Relationships＂ model. This article thus seeks to provide an understanding of the rationales and models for recognizing same-sex relationships that have been adopted around the world： Its focus is thus comparative but may, in this way, be useful to lawmakers and advocates for legal reform in this area in China and other jurisdictions around the world.
基金Chinese Program for High Technology Research and Development(2006AA12Z114)National Natural Science Foundation of China(40601070)
文摘This paper deals with a new type of multi-angle remotely sensed data--CHRIS(the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spec-trometer),by using rational function models(RFM)and rigorous sensor models(RSM).For ortho-rectifying an image set,a rigorous sen-sor model-Toutin's model was employed and a set of reported parameters including across track angle,along track angle,IFOV,altitude,period,eccentricity and orbit inclination were input,then,the orbit calculation was started and the track information was given to the raw data.The images were ortho-rectified with geocoded ASTER images and digital elevation(DEM)data.Results showed that with 16 ground control points(GCPs),the correction accuracy decreased with view zenith angle,and the RMSE value increased to be over one pixel at 36 degree off-nadir.When the GCPs were approximately chosen as in Toutin's model,a RFM with three coefficients produced the same accuracy trend versus view zenith angle while the RMSEs for all angles were improved and within about one pixel.
