Karyotype prescription is based on clinical signs (or reasons for karyotype prescription) which are phenotypic manifestations associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to establish a corresp...Karyotype prescription is based on clinical signs (or reasons for karyotype prescription) which are phenotypic manifestations associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to establish a correspondence between karyotype indications and their results in patients. This was a retrospective study that was carried out in the Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics laboratory of the University Hospital of Cocody-Abidjan from 2014 to 2019. 58 patient files were identified and included the indication or reason for prescribing a constitutional karyotype and the biological result obtained. An individual data sheet was used to collect the data. 17 reasons for prescription were identified and divided into 2 groups. Sexual ambiguity was the most frequent reason (29.3%). The first group (G1) represented the 10 reasons for which the karyotype results were normal. The second group (G2) corresponded of the 7 motives with normal or abnormal karyotype results. Several anomalies were listed according to these reasons: inversions, mosaics (anomalies of number and structure) and trisomy 21. The last was the most frequent chromosomal anomaly (69.24%). It was found in several reasons for karyotype prescription: malformations, neurological disorders, suspected trisomy and cardiac pathology. Several factors could explain these results, among which are the limits of the karyotype and the non-genetic causes that can induce these abnormal phenotypes. Complementary examinations to the karyotype are molecular cytogenetic techniques, notably fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH).展开更多
Objective: To determine the reasons for admission of elderly subjects and the prognosis in general intensive care. Patients and Methods: Observational descriptive and analytical study with prospective collection of da...Objective: To determine the reasons for admission of elderly subjects and the prognosis in general intensive care. Patients and Methods: Observational descriptive and analytical study with prospective collection of data over a period of one year from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Patients aged 65 or over were included. Abstract: During the study period, 223 cases were collected out of 587 patients admitted, giving a prevalence of 37.9%. The average age was 74.127.39 ± years with extremes of 65 and 96 years and a male predominance (58.7%). The comorbidities were dominated by arterial hypertension (71.3%). The patients were: transferred from medical and surgical emergencies (75.8%). The average admission time was 48.8 ± 29.8 hours. One hundred and eight patients had a Glasgow score between 3 and 7. The reasons for admission were dominated by vascular causes (51.6%). Strokes of any type accounted for 43.9% of these reasons for admission. The average time for carrying out the biological assessments and imaging was 41.8 ± 27.3 hours with the extremes of 3 and 89 hours, 37.2% had a complete assessment within 24 hours. The average duration of hospitalization was 7.10 ± 8.87 days with extremes of 1 and 72 days. The mortality rate was 71.7%. Conclusion: This study has made it possible to take stock of the reasons for the admission of elderly subjects to intensive care. It appears that vascular causes are the main reasons for admission with heavy comorbidities which results in high mortality.展开更多
Shortening is one of important word formations which demands attentions of both teachers and students. The paper first briefly introduces shortening words in English into clipped words, initialisms, acronyms and blend...Shortening is one of important word formations which demands attentions of both teachers and students. The paper first briefly introduces shortening words in English into clipped words, initialisms, acronyms and blends,and then it mainly explores the reasons why shortening words appear and become popular.展开更多
Bly's preference of Taoist thoughts to Western philosophy and ideology in his poetry has its deeper reasons. It is his secluded life attitude and his poetics construction that promote him to learn from the ancient...Bly's preference of Taoist thoughts to Western philosophy and ideology in his poetry has its deeper reasons. It is his secluded life attitude and his poetics construction that promote him to learn from the ancient Chinese poetry which contains adequate Taoist ideas.展开更多
Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death F...Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale(RDFS)among a convenience sample of Iranian nurses(n=106).Methods:The nurses were selected by the convenience sampling method and were asked to complete the RDFS,Death Concern Scale,Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale,Death Anxiety Scale,Death Depression Scale,and Death Obsession Scale.Results:For the RDFS,the Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90,and the 2-week test-retest reliability was 0.64.The RDFS was correlated at 0.34,0.39,0.50,0.35,and 0.39 to the above-mentioned five scales,indicating its good construct and criterion-related validity.Based on the exploratory factor analysis,the RDFS-identified four factors accounted for 66.20%of the variance and were labeled as"Fear of Pain and Punishment,""Fear of Losing Worldly Involvements,""Religious Transgressions and Failures,"and"Parting from Loved Ones."Conclusions:The RDFS presents good validity and reliability and can be used in clinical and research settings in Iran.展开更多
Background: There has been no study in Kabul on reasons for permanent tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and reasons for tooth loss in a sample from two dental clinics in the west of Kabul....Background: There has been no study in Kabul on reasons for permanent tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and reasons for tooth loss in a sample from two dental clinics in the west of Kabul. Methods: During a 6-month period (April-September 2019), the reasons for every extraction of a permanent tooth were recorded. Different reasons for tooth extraction were assigned, such as, dental caries, periodontal disease, eruption problems, trauma, orthodontics and others. The data requested for each extraction were: patient age, gender, previous treatment, educational level, type of tooth removed and the reason for its extraction. Results: young people aged between 20 - 29 years old had the highest percentage of extraction. Periodontal disease (39%) followed by caries (20%) was the most common reason for tooth extraction. Maxillary and mandibular first molars were removed most frequently (31%). 29% of patients have treated their teeth before extraction and RCT (Root Canal Treatment) (19%) is the most common previous treatment. Tooth loss has an opposite relationship with education level. People with high education level, loose their tooth less (14%). Conclusion: periodontal disease was the most common reason for tooth loss in Kabul, Afghanistan and a high percentage of tooth loss is seen among young people. Educating and preventive programs need to be implemented in order to reduce tooth loss.展开更多
With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21st century, wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence si...With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21st century, wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situation of wheat scab in eastern Jiangsu, and summarized its occurrence characteristics in last decade. The disease prevalence was elaborated from the aspects of fungal source quantity, chmatic conditions, cultivation modes, variety resistance and pesticide resistance. The author put forward a series of measures and countermeasures, including strengthening resistance monitoring and early warning, promoting and cultivating disease-resistant varieties, compressing planting area of direct seeding rice, canting out chemical control scientifically, and realizing unified prevention and control, in order to provide a scientific basis for the control of wheat scab.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Exclusive breastfeeding is fundamental for the good health and development...<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Exclusive breastfeeding is fundamental for the good health and development of the mother and the child. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breastfeeding after childbirth should be initiated within 30 minutes. For a number of reasons, WHO recommendations on guiding principles for infants and young children feeding are often not followed. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To determine the reasons for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in newly delivered women. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Means and Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We carried out a mixed cross-sectional study over a period of six months from December 1</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2018 to May 31</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2019, at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. We included all mothers with full-term or premature babies weighing ≥ 2000 grams and those whom initiated breastfeeding more than one hour after delivery. The mother’s reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were recorded using a dictaphone and data were accurately extracted for analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We interviewed 153 mothers. Their mean age was 27.9 ± 6.2 years. The main reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were caesarean delivery (22%), the belief in “spoiled milk” (21%), lack of knowledge about the time to initiate breastfeeding (21%), baby asleep (18%), and lack of instruction given to the mother by the health staff (2%). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Delayed breastfeeding was common in our context. Improving the quality of breastfeeding involves communication, to break beliefs about spoiled milk, and strengthening mothers’ knowledge for optimal breastfeeding processes in accordance with WHO’s guidelines. The medical staff should anticipate and undertake the early initiation of breastfeeding in babies from mothers who deliver through caesarean section.</span></span>展开更多
Wang Guowei's bias against the TZ'u in Southern Sung Dynasty is a meaningful topic in literature. This paper aims to find the reasons of this bias based on Jen-Chien TZ'u-hua. We analyze the factors from t...Wang Guowei's bias against the TZ'u in Southern Sung Dynasty is a meaningful topic in literature. This paper aims to find the reasons of this bias based on Jen-Chien TZ'u-hua. We analyze the factors from two respects, the external influence and his internal preference, wishing to be able to find out real reasons.展开更多
As a famous and interesting symbol of Britain, hat culture has existed for a long period in history and British still retain wearing hats especially when they attend some grand activities up to date. Despite the incre...As a famous and interesting symbol of Britain, hat culture has existed for a long period in history and British still retain wearing hats especially when they attend some grand activities up to date. Despite the increasing development of society and changing of people's conceptions, British people have never abandoned the hat wearing tradition. This paper will elaborately analyze the reasons for the preservation of hat culture in Britain from the aspects of historical, geographical, and social factors. And the conclusion will be come up that it is the attitude of British toward hat culture that has kept it alive till today.展开更多
To the Editor,Anosmia,which coupled with altered or loss of taste,during the current pandemic in individuals has heralded the onset of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The recovery from the anosmia has been seen to ...To the Editor,Anosmia,which coupled with altered or loss of taste,during the current pandemic in individuals has heralded the onset of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The recovery from the anosmia has been seen to vary among individuals,which in some cases has been seen to take a protracted course.展开更多
The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production sur- vey. The resuhs showed that the disease was the integrated results ...The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production sur- vey. The resuhs showed that the disease was the integrated results of soil environment, planting situation, microenvironment construction and maintenance manage- ment. Therefore, the countermeasures of ＂prevention first, restore tree vigor; integrated control, enhance tree vigor＂ were proposed. Chlorosis of C. camphora had been basically controlled after four years, and the control effect was obvious.展开更多
In 18th century European arts were greatly influenced by eastern Asia while Asian soci-ety was also immersed in "Europeanixation" and affected by economic life of industrialworld.Therefore it came the worldw...In 18th century European arts were greatly influenced by eastern Asia while Asian soci-ety was also immersed in "Europeanixation" and affected by economic life of industrialworld.Therefore it came the worldwide exchange.The oriental arts were widely abserbedby the art of Rococo.The reasons lay in some similaritse between these two kinds of arts.The devclopment of Rococo was advanced by means of static observation and technique ofexpressions of mobile change of oriental arts. why has the style of Rococo been in vogueonce again these years? It is the reflection of deep social ideological trend.展开更多
In the Tungus-Manchu group, the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages has been confirmed in the linguistic circles in China. Today, only aged people insome Manchu and Hezhe villages of Heilon^iang Province speak ...In the Tungus-Manchu group, the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages has been confirmed in the linguistic circles in China. Today, only aged people insome Manchu and Hezhe villages of Heilon^iang Province speak these two languages. This paper explores and analyzes the reasons for the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages and provides evidence of the general rules of language endangerment. The research shows that social, psychological and linguistic factors work together to endanger the two languages. Their switch and variation modes have jointly endangered themselves, and the gradual and sudden changes in their linguistic systems have played a joint force. This paper is significant as a reference for further research into universal rules for the endangered languages.展开更多
Scholars have studied academic burnout and found that it negatively impacts students’mental health.The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes of academic burnout from both internal and external perspectives.I...Scholars have studied academic burnout and found that it negatively impacts students’mental health.The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes of academic burnout from both internal and external perspectives.Internal reasons include:the effect of perfectionism,individual mindfulness,and achievement goals hold by the students during their academic life.The external factors include parenting styles and the school environment.This paper concludes with suggestions to prevent academic burnout for future researchers and educators.展开更多
The Conceptual Integration Theory was first formally put forward in 1997 by Fauconnier and Turner. According to it, there is a conceptual blending network comprised of four mental spaces： Input space Ⅰ, Input space ...The Conceptual Integration Theory was first formally put forward in 1997 by Fauconnier and Turner. According to it, there is a conceptual blending network comprised of four mental spaces： Input space Ⅰ, Input space Ⅱ, generic space, and blended space. In the process of blending, common information or structures from input spaces are projected to the ＂generic space＂. Meanwhile, through partially cross-space mapping, those structures are selectively projected to the ＂blended space＂. By means of composition, completion, and elaboration, consequently ＂emergent structure＂ comes into being from the development of blending. This theory instantly became a fresh power in cognitive research field. With the rapid development of network technology and the popularization of the internet, network language makes tremendous progresses and spreads quickly, which reflects the social and cultural development. The uniqueness and effectiveness of network language creation, to a great extent, relies on various rhetorical devices, among which parody is frequently used and plays an important role. In recent years, studies about network language somehow concentrate a lot on the construction, word transformation, and features of network vocabulary, and cognitive analysis on the mechanism of parody in network language is rather limited and requires further exploration. This paper tends to probe into the motivation and the reasons ofparody＇s popularity in network language through some examples in light of Conceptual Integration Theory in hope of a better comprehension, appreciation, and application of parody in network language展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong><a name="_Hlk48773006"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To describe the epidemiological aspects, to determine the reasons leading wom...<strong>Objective:</strong><a name="_Hlk48773006"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To describe the epidemiological aspects, to determine the reasons leading women to give birth outside of health facilities and to determine the maternal prognosis.</span><span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative and qualitative descriptive study over a period from 1 June to 31</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">December 2016 (7 months) on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">unassisted childbirth</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the health district of commune V of Bamako.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We recorded 70 unsured deliveries, a frequency of 1.04% out of a total of 6719 deliveries. The extreme ages were 15 years and 41 years with an average age of 28 years. 90% of the birth attendants were married and 10% were single. The women's profession: 48% were housewives, 11% saleswomen, 13% hairdressers, 4% female teachers. Education level: 71% were uneducated and 29% educated. Among those who are educated, their level was primary in 50%, secondary in 32% and higher in 18%. 42% had done antenatal consultation. The main reasons: ignorance of work 44.3%;religious beliefs and societal burdens 10.0%;fear of caesarean section 4.3%;late-night birth labour 5.7%;lack of financial and/or transport means 17.1%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> distance from the locality 2.9%;insecurity 2.9%. Maternal and perinatal prognosis: complications were mostly hemorrhagic and concerned 27 (39%) patients. These included uterine atony (13 cases), placental retention (8 cases), soft part lesions (6 cases). We have not recorded any maternal deaths. For the condition of newborns at the time of admission: 88% of newborns were alive, 11% were stillborn fresh and 1% stillborn macerated.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reasons are multifactorial and seem to be a reflection of our society.</span>展开更多
The word, “China’ rise”, has highlighted the rapidity and suddenness of China’s development, and the Southeast Asia region, both in history and in reality, has a close relationship with China. In face of the giant...The word, “China’ rise”, has highlighted the rapidity and suddenness of China’s development, and the Southeast Asia region, both in history and in reality, has a close relationship with China. In face of the giant’s rise, some Southeast Asia countries have reduced their sense of certainty and control over this external environment, which causes their insecurity. The reasons of this phenomenon include the factor of history, ideology, geopolitics, overseas Chinese and extraterritorial states intervention. We should go start with national and ideological barriers, combine the analysis of the sense of certainty and control, to understand the underlying causes of insecurity.展开更多
Although TQM＇s advantages and benefits have been identified by the literature, the ways to achieve them continue to remain complex. Nevertheless, in many cases TQM failure is not due to vague and ambiguous procedures...Although TQM＇s advantages and benefits have been identified by the literature, the ways to achieve them continue to remain complex. Nevertheless, in many cases TQM failure is not due to vague and ambiguous procedures, hut for certain reasons. We conduct an in-depth literature review from peer reviewed journals regarding Total Quality Management （TQM） implementation failure reasons only for healthcare sector. A comparative analysis for TQM implementation failure reasons was conducted in order to identify the most common. The most common TQM implementation failure reasons in bealthcare sector are lack of management commitment, change of culture, quality tools and techniques not applied correctly, not adequate time for implementation, lack of resources and information, data validity, cost of investment, management＇s resistance to empower employees and professional＇s resistance. Most of studies in TQM concern successful implementation in hospitals, clinics and health organizations. Our literature review showed that very few studies in the literature focus on failure reasons of TQM implementation. This study can help healthcare managers to study each failure reason separately and proceed to appropriate actions in order to avoid possible TQM implementation failure. The novelty of this paper is that failure reasons of TQM implementation concern only healthcare sector.展开更多
文摘Karyotype prescription is based on clinical signs (or reasons for karyotype prescription) which are phenotypic manifestations associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to establish a correspondence between karyotype indications and their results in patients. This was a retrospective study that was carried out in the Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics laboratory of the University Hospital of Cocody-Abidjan from 2014 to 2019. 58 patient files were identified and included the indication or reason for prescribing a constitutional karyotype and the biological result obtained. An individual data sheet was used to collect the data. 17 reasons for prescription were identified and divided into 2 groups. Sexual ambiguity was the most frequent reason (29.3%). The first group (G1) represented the 10 reasons for which the karyotype results were normal. The second group (G2) corresponded of the 7 motives with normal or abnormal karyotype results. Several anomalies were listed according to these reasons: inversions, mosaics (anomalies of number and structure) and trisomy 21. The last was the most frequent chromosomal anomaly (69.24%). It was found in several reasons for karyotype prescription: malformations, neurological disorders, suspected trisomy and cardiac pathology. Several factors could explain these results, among which are the limits of the karyotype and the non-genetic causes that can induce these abnormal phenotypes. Complementary examinations to the karyotype are molecular cytogenetic techniques, notably fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH).
文摘Objective: To determine the reasons for admission of elderly subjects and the prognosis in general intensive care. Patients and Methods: Observational descriptive and analytical study with prospective collection of data over a period of one year from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Patients aged 65 or over were included. Abstract: During the study period, 223 cases were collected out of 587 patients admitted, giving a prevalence of 37.9%. The average age was 74.127.39 ± years with extremes of 65 and 96 years and a male predominance (58.7%). The comorbidities were dominated by arterial hypertension (71.3%). The patients were: transferred from medical and surgical emergencies (75.8%). The average admission time was 48.8 ± 29.8 hours. One hundred and eight patients had a Glasgow score between 3 and 7. The reasons for admission were dominated by vascular causes (51.6%). Strokes of any type accounted for 43.9% of these reasons for admission. The average time for carrying out the biological assessments and imaging was 41.8 ± 27.3 hours with the extremes of 3 and 89 hours, 37.2% had a complete assessment within 24 hours. The average duration of hospitalization was 7.10 ± 8.87 days with extremes of 1 and 72 days. The mortality rate was 71.7%. Conclusion: This study has made it possible to take stock of the reasons for the admission of elderly subjects to intensive care. It appears that vascular causes are the main reasons for admission with heavy comorbidities which results in high mortality.
文摘Shortening is one of important word formations which demands attentions of both teachers and students. The paper first briefly introduces shortening words in English into clipped words, initialisms, acronyms and blends,and then it mainly explores the reasons why shortening words appear and become popular.
文摘Bly's preference of Taoist thoughts to Western philosophy and ideology in his poetry has its deeper reasons. It is his secluded life attitude and his poetics construction that promote him to learn from the ancient Chinese poetry which contains adequate Taoist ideas.
文摘Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale(RDFS)among a convenience sample of Iranian nurses(n=106).Methods:The nurses were selected by the convenience sampling method and were asked to complete the RDFS,Death Concern Scale,Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale,Death Anxiety Scale,Death Depression Scale,and Death Obsession Scale.Results:For the RDFS,the Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90,and the 2-week test-retest reliability was 0.64.The RDFS was correlated at 0.34,0.39,0.50,0.35,and 0.39 to the above-mentioned five scales,indicating its good construct and criterion-related validity.Based on the exploratory factor analysis,the RDFS-identified four factors accounted for 66.20%of the variance and were labeled as"Fear of Pain and Punishment,""Fear of Losing Worldly Involvements,""Religious Transgressions and Failures,"and"Parting from Loved Ones."Conclusions:The RDFS presents good validity and reliability and can be used in clinical and research settings in Iran.
文摘Background: There has been no study in Kabul on reasons for permanent tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and reasons for tooth loss in a sample from two dental clinics in the west of Kabul. Methods: During a 6-month period (April-September 2019), the reasons for every extraction of a permanent tooth were recorded. Different reasons for tooth extraction were assigned, such as, dental caries, periodontal disease, eruption problems, trauma, orthodontics and others. The data requested for each extraction were: patient age, gender, previous treatment, educational level, type of tooth removed and the reason for its extraction. Results: young people aged between 20 - 29 years old had the highest percentage of extraction. Periodontal disease (39%) followed by caries (20%) was the most common reason for tooth extraction. Maxillary and mandibular first molars were removed most frequently (31%). 29% of patients have treated their teeth before extraction and RCT (Root Canal Treatment) (19%) is the most common previous treatment. Tooth loss has an opposite relationship with education level. People with high education level, loose their tooth less (14%). Conclusion: periodontal disease was the most common reason for tooth loss in Kabul, Afghanistan and a high percentage of tooth loss is seen among young people. Educating and preventive programs need to be implemented in order to reduce tooth loss.
基金Supported by Independent Innovation Project of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province[CX(14)2126]
文摘With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21st century, wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situation of wheat scab in eastern Jiangsu, and summarized its occurrence characteristics in last decade. The disease prevalence was elaborated from the aspects of fungal source quantity, chmatic conditions, cultivation modes, variety resistance and pesticide resistance. The author put forward a series of measures and countermeasures, including strengthening resistance monitoring and early warning, promoting and cultivating disease-resistant varieties, compressing planting area of direct seeding rice, canting out chemical control scientifically, and realizing unified prevention and control, in order to provide a scientific basis for the control of wheat scab.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Exclusive breastfeeding is fundamental for the good health and development of the mother and the child. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breastfeeding after childbirth should be initiated within 30 minutes. For a number of reasons, WHO recommendations on guiding principles for infants and young children feeding are often not followed. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To determine the reasons for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in newly delivered women. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Means and Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We carried out a mixed cross-sectional study over a period of six months from December 1</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2018 to May 31</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2019, at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. We included all mothers with full-term or premature babies weighing ≥ 2000 grams and those whom initiated breastfeeding more than one hour after delivery. The mother’s reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were recorded using a dictaphone and data were accurately extracted for analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We interviewed 153 mothers. Their mean age was 27.9 ± 6.2 years. The main reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were caesarean delivery (22%), the belief in “spoiled milk” (21%), lack of knowledge about the time to initiate breastfeeding (21%), baby asleep (18%), and lack of instruction given to the mother by the health staff (2%). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Delayed breastfeeding was common in our context. Improving the quality of breastfeeding involves communication, to break beliefs about spoiled milk, and strengthening mothers’ knowledge for optimal breastfeeding processes in accordance with WHO’s guidelines. The medical staff should anticipate and undertake the early initiation of breastfeeding in babies from mothers who deliver through caesarean section.</span></span>
文摘Wang Guowei's bias against the TZ'u in Southern Sung Dynasty is a meaningful topic in literature. This paper aims to find the reasons of this bias based on Jen-Chien TZ'u-hua. We analyze the factors from two respects, the external influence and his internal preference, wishing to be able to find out real reasons.
文摘As a famous and interesting symbol of Britain, hat culture has existed for a long period in history and British still retain wearing hats especially when they attend some grand activities up to date. Despite the increasing development of society and changing of people's conceptions, British people have never abandoned the hat wearing tradition. This paper will elaborately analyze the reasons for the preservation of hat culture in Britain from the aspects of historical, geographical, and social factors. And the conclusion will be come up that it is the attitude of British toward hat culture that has kept it alive till today.
文摘To the Editor,Anosmia,which coupled with altered or loss of taste,during the current pandemic in individuals has heralded the onset of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The recovery from the anosmia has been seen to vary among individuals,which in some cases has been seen to take a protracted course.
文摘The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production sur- vey. The resuhs showed that the disease was the integrated results of soil environment, planting situation, microenvironment construction and maintenance manage- ment. Therefore, the countermeasures of ＂prevention first, restore tree vigor; integrated control, enhance tree vigor＂ were proposed. Chlorosis of C. camphora had been basically controlled after four years, and the control effect was obvious.
文摘In 18th century European arts were greatly influenced by eastern Asia while Asian soci-ety was also immersed in "Europeanixation" and affected by economic life of industrialworld.Therefore it came the worldwide exchange.The oriental arts were widely abserbedby the art of Rococo.The reasons lay in some similaritse between these two kinds of arts.The devclopment of Rococo was advanced by means of static observation and technique ofexpressions of mobile change of oriental arts. why has the style of Rococo been in vogueonce again these years? It is the reflection of deep social ideological trend.
文摘In the Tungus-Manchu group, the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages has been confirmed in the linguistic circles in China. Today, only aged people insome Manchu and Hezhe villages of Heilon^iang Province speak these two languages. This paper explores and analyzes the reasons for the endangerment of Manchu and Hezhe languages and provides evidence of the general rules of language endangerment. The research shows that social, psychological and linguistic factors work together to endanger the two languages. Their switch and variation modes have jointly endangered themselves, and the gradual and sudden changes in their linguistic systems have played a joint force. This paper is significant as a reference for further research into universal rules for the endangered languages.
文摘Scholars have studied academic burnout and found that it negatively impacts students’mental health.The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes of academic burnout from both internal and external perspectives.Internal reasons include:the effect of perfectionism,individual mindfulness,and achievement goals hold by the students during their academic life.The external factors include parenting styles and the school environment.This paper concludes with suggestions to prevent academic burnout for future researchers and educators.
文摘The Conceptual Integration Theory was first formally put forward in 1997 by Fauconnier and Turner. According to it, there is a conceptual blending network comprised of four mental spaces： Input space Ⅰ, Input space Ⅱ, generic space, and blended space. In the process of blending, common information or structures from input spaces are projected to the ＂generic space＂. Meanwhile, through partially cross-space mapping, those structures are selectively projected to the ＂blended space＂. By means of composition, completion, and elaboration, consequently ＂emergent structure＂ comes into being from the development of blending. This theory instantly became a fresh power in cognitive research field. With the rapid development of network technology and the popularization of the internet, network language makes tremendous progresses and spreads quickly, which reflects the social and cultural development. The uniqueness and effectiveness of network language creation, to a great extent, relies on various rhetorical devices, among which parody is frequently used and plays an important role. In recent years, studies about network language somehow concentrate a lot on the construction, word transformation, and features of network vocabulary, and cognitive analysis on the mechanism of parody in network language is rather limited and requires further exploration. This paper tends to probe into the motivation and the reasons ofparody＇s popularity in network language through some examples in light of Conceptual Integration Theory in hope of a better comprehension, appreciation, and application of parody in network language
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong><a name="_Hlk48773006"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To describe the epidemiological aspects, to determine the reasons leading women to give birth outside of health facilities and to determine the maternal prognosis.</span><span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative and qualitative descriptive study over a period from 1 June to 31</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">December 2016 (7 months) on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">unassisted childbirth</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the health district of commune V of Bamako.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We recorded 70 unsured deliveries, a frequency of 1.04% out of a total of 6719 deliveries. The extreme ages were 15 years and 41 years with an average age of 28 years. 90% of the birth attendants were married and 10% were single. The women's profession: 48% were housewives, 11% saleswomen, 13% hairdressers, 4% female teachers. Education level: 71% were uneducated and 29% educated. Among those who are educated, their level was primary in 50%, secondary in 32% and higher in 18%. 42% had done antenatal consultation. The main reasons: ignorance of work 44.3%;religious beliefs and societal burdens 10.0%;fear of caesarean section 4.3%;late-night birth labour 5.7%;lack of financial and/or transport means 17.1%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> distance from the locality 2.9%;insecurity 2.9%. Maternal and perinatal prognosis: complications were mostly hemorrhagic and concerned 27 (39%) patients. These included uterine atony (13 cases), placental retention (8 cases), soft part lesions (6 cases). We have not recorded any maternal deaths. For the condition of newborns at the time of admission: 88% of newborns were alive, 11% were stillborn fresh and 1% stillborn macerated.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reasons are multifactorial and seem to be a reflection of our society.</span>
基金Financed by National Social Science Foundation （Project No. 14CGJ013）.
文摘The word, “China’ rise”, has highlighted the rapidity and suddenness of China’s development, and the Southeast Asia region, both in history and in reality, has a close relationship with China. In face of the giant’s rise, some Southeast Asia countries have reduced their sense of certainty and control over this external environment, which causes their insecurity. The reasons of this phenomenon include the factor of history, ideology, geopolitics, overseas Chinese and extraterritorial states intervention. We should go start with national and ideological barriers, combine the analysis of the sense of certainty and control, to understand the underlying causes of insecurity.
文摘Although TQM＇s advantages and benefits have been identified by the literature, the ways to achieve them continue to remain complex. Nevertheless, in many cases TQM failure is not due to vague and ambiguous procedures, hut for certain reasons. We conduct an in-depth literature review from peer reviewed journals regarding Total Quality Management （TQM） implementation failure reasons only for healthcare sector. A comparative analysis for TQM implementation failure reasons was conducted in order to identify the most common. The most common TQM implementation failure reasons in bealthcare sector are lack of management commitment, change of culture, quality tools and techniques not applied correctly, not adequate time for implementation, lack of resources and information, data validity, cost of investment, management＇s resistance to empower employees and professional＇s resistance. Most of studies in TQM concern successful implementation in hospitals, clinics and health organizations. Our literature review showed that very few studies in the literature focus on failure reasons of TQM implementation. This study can help healthcare managers to study each failure reason separately and proceed to appropriate actions in order to avoid possible TQM implementation failure. The novelty of this paper is that failure reasons of TQM implementation concern only healthcare sector.
