Redox-flow batteries(RFBs)are a promising energy storage technology with remarkable scalability and safety for storing vast amounts of renewable energy and mitigating outputfluctuations of renewable power grids.We demon...Redox-flow batteries(RFBs)are a promising energy storage technology with remarkable scalability and safety for storing vast amounts of renewable energy and mitigating outputfluctuations of renewable power grids.We demonstrate a neutral pH aqueous RFB using a custom-designed 1’,1’’’,1’’’’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(methylene))tris(1-(3-(trimethyl ammonio)propyl)-[4’’,4’’’-bipyridine]-1,1’-diium)nonachloride(BTTMPB)as a 3 e-storage anolyte.The custom design with the high polarization in charge density has led to the excellent water solubility of 4.0 M in H_(2)O(321.6 A h L^(-1))and 2.4 M in 2.0 M NaCl(192.9 A h L^(-1)).The density functional theory(DFT)calculations and electrochemical experiments have shown 3 e-storage response of BTTMPB with a diffusion coefficient of 3.1×10^(-6)cm^(2) s^(-1)and rate con-stant of 1.6×10^(-2)cm s^(-1) for thefirst reduction process.The synthesized anolyte was paired with(Ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride(FcNCl)as catholyte enabling a 0.92 V aqueous RFB with 125.9 W h L^(-1)theoretical energy density.The aqueous RFB has an excellent cycling performance from 10-30 m A cm^(-2),energy efficiency up to 80%,capacity retention of 99.96%per cycle at 20 m A cm^(-2),and a high demonstrated energy density of 29.1 W h L^(-1).展开更多
基金the Department of Science and Technology(DST),Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of India,for sponsoring this study under project no.DST/TMD/MES/2k18/02CSIR,Gov.of India,for the Senior Research Fellowship。
文摘Redox-flow batteries(RFBs)are a promising energy storage technology with remarkable scalability and safety for storing vast amounts of renewable energy and mitigating outputfluctuations of renewable power grids.We demonstrate a neutral pH aqueous RFB using a custom-designed 1’,1’’’,1’’’’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(methylene))tris(1-(3-(trimethyl ammonio)propyl)-[4’’,4’’’-bipyridine]-1,1’-diium)nonachloride(BTTMPB)as a 3 e-storage anolyte.The custom design with the high polarization in charge density has led to the excellent water solubility of 4.0 M in H_(2)O(321.6 A h L^(-1))and 2.4 M in 2.0 M NaCl(192.9 A h L^(-1)).The density functional theory(DFT)calculations and electrochemical experiments have shown 3 e-storage response of BTTMPB with a diffusion coefficient of 3.1×10^(-6)cm^(2) s^(-1)and rate con-stant of 1.6×10^(-2)cm s^(-1) for thefirst reduction process.The synthesized anolyte was paired with(Ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride(FcNCl)as catholyte enabling a 0.92 V aqueous RFB with 125.9 W h L^(-1)theoretical energy density.The aqueous RFB has an excellent cycling performance from 10-30 m A cm^(-2),energy efficiency up to 80%,capacity retention of 99.96%per cycle at 20 m A cm^(-2),and a high demonstrated energy density of 29.1 W h L^(-1).
