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An Application of Microwave Pre-oxidation in Improving Gold Recovery of a Refractory Gold Ore 被引量:21
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作者 黄建辉 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2000年第3期161-171,共11页
Microwave radiation was employed as a pretreating technology to oxidise a refractory gold ore. Heating characteristics showed that, in an identical microwave field, the bulk temperature of the sample increased with mi... Microwave radiation was employed as a pretreating technology to oxidise a refractory gold ore. Heating characteristics showed that, in an identical microwave field, the bulk temperature of the sample increased with microwave power, microwave radiation time and particle size. The rate of sulphur removal increased with microwave radiation time. Particle size also had a significant effect on the oxidation rate. Pyrite and marcasite could be oxidised into Fe 2O 3 with a high porous structure. When microwave radiation was carried out in a rotary bed, the oxidation was more uniformly developed, in comparison with in a fixed bed. Gold extraction by cyanidation could be remarkably improved after the ore was subjected to microwave radiation. The results showed that gold recovery could be improved from 37% to 69%~ 81.2 %. 展开更多
关键词 Microwave radiation OXIDATION refractory gold ore RECOVERY
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Simultaneous extraction of gold and zinc from refractory carbonaceous gold ore by chlorination roasting process 被引量:16
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作者 Hong-jun WANG Ya-li FENG +1 位作者 Hao-ran LI Jin-xing KANG 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2020年第4期1111-1123,共13页
A novel process based on chlorination roasting was proposed to simultaneously recover gold and zinc from refractory carbonaceous gold ore by using NaCl as chlorination agent.The effects of roasting temperature,roastin... A novel process based on chlorination roasting was proposed to simultaneously recover gold and zinc from refractory carbonaceous gold ore by using NaCl as chlorination agent.The effects of roasting temperature,roasting time and NaCl content on the volatilization rates of gold and zinc were investigated.The reaction mechanism and the phase transition process were also analyzed by means of SEM,EDS and XRD.The results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions of NaCl content of 10%,roasting temperature of 800℃,roasting time of 4 h and gas flow rate of 1 L/min,the rates of gold and zinc were 92%and 92.56%,respectively.During low-temperature chlorination roasting stage,a certain content of sulfur was beneficial to the chlorination reactions of gold and zinc;and during high-temperature chlorination roasting stage,the crystal structure of vanadium-bearing mica was destroyed,and the vanadium-containing oxides were beneficial to the chlorinating volatilization of gold and zinc.Eventually,the chlorinated volatiles of gold and zinc could be recovered by alkaline solution. 展开更多
关键词 refractory carbonaceous gold ore chlorination roasting thermodynamic calculation GOLD ZINC
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Ultra fine grinding of silver plant tailings of refractory ore using vertical stirred media mill 被引量:7
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作者 O.CELEP E.Y.YAZICI 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第11期3412-3420,共9页
Ultra fine grinding of the plant tailings of a refractory silver ore was studied using a laboratory type vertical stirred media mill. Preliminary tests confirmed that ultra fine grinding substantially improves the ext... Ultra fine grinding of the plant tailings of a refractory silver ore was studied using a laboratory type vertical stirred media mill. Preliminary tests confirmed that ultra fine grinding substantially improves the extraction of silver from the tailings in cyanide leaching (i.e. 36% Ag extraction rate from the as-received tailings with d80 of 100 μm, c.f. 84% extraction rate after ultra fine grinding of the tailings with ds0 of 1.2 pro). In the ultra fine grinding tests, the effects of ball diameter (2-4.5 mm), stirring speed (200-800 r/m/n) and ball charge ratio (50%-80%) on the fineness of grind (ds0, ~tm) were investigated through a Box-Behnken design. Increasing stirrer speed and ball charge ratio decreased fineness of grind while larger balls resulted in the coarser products. The tests demonstrated that a fineness of grind less than 5 μm can be achieved under suitable conditions. Analysis of stress intensity indicated an optimum range of stress intensity of (0.8-2)× 10^- 3 μm for all power inputs. 展开更多
关键词 refractory ore tailings stirred media mill ultra fine grinding experimental design Box-Behnken design stress intensity
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Characterization of an iron oxy/hydroxide(gossan type) bearing refractory gold and silver ore by diagnostic leaching 被引量:5
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作者 Oktay CELEP Vedat SERBEST 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第4期1286-1297,共12页
A detailed characterization of an iron oxy/hydroxide(gossan type) bearing refractory gold/silver ore was performed with a new diagnostic approach for the development of a pretreatment process prior to cyanide leaching... A detailed characterization of an iron oxy/hydroxide(gossan type) bearing refractory gold/silver ore was performed with a new diagnostic approach for the development of a pretreatment process prior to cyanide leaching. Gold was observed to be present as native and electrum(6-24 μm in size) and associated with limonite, goethite and lepidocrocite within calcite and quartz matrix. Mineral liberation analysis(MLA) showed that electrum is found as free grains and in association with beudantite, limonite/goethite and quartz. Silver was mainly present as acanthite(Ag2S) and electrum and as inclusions within beudantite phase in the ore. The cyanide leaching tests showed that the extractions of gold and silver from the ore(d80: 50 μm) were limited to 76% and 23%, respectively, over a leaching period of 24 h. Diagnostic leaching tests coupled with the detailed mineralogical analysis of the ore suggest that the refractory gold and silver are mainly associated within iron oxide mineral phases such as limonite/goethite and jarosite-beudantite, which can be decomposed in alkaline solutions. Based on these characterizations, alkaline pretreatment of ore in potassium hydroxide solution was performed prior to cyanidation, which improved significantly the extraction of silver and gold up to 87% Ag and 90% Au. These findings suggest that alkaline leaching can be used as a new diagnostic approach to characterize the refractoriness of iron oxy/hydroxide bearing gold/silver ore and as a pretreatment method to overcome the refractoriness. 展开更多
关键词 refractory gold and silver ore CHARACTERIZATION diagnostic leaching mineral liberation analysis(MLA) alkaline pretreatment
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Flotation technology of refractory low-grade molybdenum ore 被引量:9
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作者 Du Shuhua Luo Zhenfu 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI 2013年第2期260-265,共6页
Because of the low grade, high oxidation rate and the accumulation of little associated metal sulfide ore in the molybdenum concentrate during flotation, the Qingyang molybdenum ore is difficult to beneficiate. The ex... Because of the low grade, high oxidation rate and the accumulation of little associated metal sulfide ore in the molybdenum concentrate during flotation, the Qingyang molybdenum ore is difficult to beneficiate. The experimental studies of grinding fineness, the amount of roughing modifier, depressant and collector were completed. In the cleaning process, the contrast experiments of one regrinding, the regrinding and scrubbing, two-stage regrinding was carried. The result shows that the grade of molybdenum ore concentrate is 45.31%, the recovery is 65.98% and the rich ore ratio reaches 20.59% by the regrinding and scrubbing seven cleaning, the regrinding of concentrations from middling of molybdenum-sulfur separation. The regularly-concentrated material from the apparatus was as the middling products. Hence, ideal beneficiation index can be obtained with a rational mineral processing, which offers new beneficiating technology for the refractory low-grade molybdenum ore in China. 展开更多
关键词 Flotation Molybdenum ore Low grade refractory
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Acid leaching decarbonization and following pressure oxidation of carbonic refractory gold ore 被引量:2
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作者 张杜超 肖庆凯 +3 位作者 刘伟锋 陈霖 杨天足 刘又年 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第7期1584-1590,共7页
Carbonate decomposition of carbonic refractory gold ore and the following pressure oxidation were studied.In the carbonate decomposition procedure,the effects of liquid-to-solid ratio and reaction time on decompositio... Carbonate decomposition of carbonic refractory gold ore and the following pressure oxidation were studied.In the carbonate decomposition procedure,the effects of liquid-to-solid ratio and reaction time on decomposition ratio of carbonate were investigated.The experimental result shows that the decomposition ratio of carbonate is 98.24%under the conditions of liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1,Fe^(3+)concentration of 20 g/L,sulfuric acid concentration of 20 g/L,reaction temperature of 80 ℃ and reaction time of 2 h.Then,the slurry obtained from carbonate decomposition was put into the titanium autoclave for pressure oxidation leaching.Effects of liquid-to-solid ratio,temperature,time and oxygen partial pressure on sulfur oxidation ratio were studied during pressure oxidation.With the prolonged time,pyrite and arsenopyrite are oxidized to ferric subsulfate,hydrated ferric sulfate and jarosite,resulting in the increasing residue ratio.The residue ratio and the sulfur content in the residue can be decreased by ferric subsulfate dissolution.The oxidation ratio of the sulfur is 99.35% under the conditions of oxidation time of 4 h,temperature of 210 ℃,oxygen partial pressure of 0.8 MPa and stirring speed of 600 r/min. 展开更多
关键词 carbonic refractory gold ore carbonate decomposition pressure oxidation ferric subsulfate dissolution
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Improved recovery of a low-grade refractory gold ore using flotation–preoxidation–cyanidation methods 被引量:7
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作者 Faraz Soltani Hossna Darabi +1 位作者 Rezgar Badri Piroz Zamankhan 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI 2014年第4期537-542,共6页
In this work, different flotation–preoxidation–cyanidation methods are considered for treating a lowgrade refractory gold ore. On the one hand, the results of selective flotation show that 22% and 31.1%of total Sb a... In this work, different flotation–preoxidation–cyanidation methods are considered for treating a lowgrade refractory gold ore. On the one hand, the results of selective flotation show that 22% and 31.1%of total Sb and As, respectively, remained in the final tailings and only about 28% of the total Au remained for further cyanidation processes. On the other hand, in bulk method of flotation the maximum Au recovery of 90.6% achieved after 60 min of flotation at the grind size with K80 of 146 micron. In addition, the bulk flotation method resulted in the concentrate with low concentrations of Sb and As elements. To improve the recovery of low-grade refractory gold ores, flotation should be followed by roasting, biological, or pressure oxidation processes so that the gold could be liberated prior to cyanidation processes. It is also found that the pressure oxidation pre-treatment of the concentrates prior to cyanidation may yield high gold recoveries of over than 83%. In these processes, recoveries are controlled by the temperature and the oxygen partial pressure in the solvent. However, by utilizing the bio-oxidation technique, the oxidation of sulfur to sulfate cannot be completed and, consequently, the gold recovery may be limited to only 72.2%. 展开更多
关键词 Low-grade refractory gold ore Pre-treating Flotation Pre-oxidation
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Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore 被引量:1
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作者 Wen-juan Li Shuang Liu +3 位作者 Yong-sheng Song Jian-kang Wen Gui-ying Zhou Yong Chen 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第12期1377-1386,共10页
The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample ... The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore: gold flotation-gold concen- trate leaching-lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concen- trate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue--preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc--were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead-zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore. 展开更多
关键词 comprehensive recovery GOLD sulfide minerals MINERALOGY refractory ore treatment
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Recovery of gold from refractory gold ores: Effect of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea leaching system 被引量:1
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作者 Hong Qin Xue-yi Guo +1 位作者 Qing-hua Tian Lei Zhang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第6期956-964,共9页
The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores(RGOs)without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor.However,most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide,such as pyrite.Thus,investigation of the influence of ... The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores(RGOs)without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor.However,most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide,such as pyrite.Thus,investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs.In this work,the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions.Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite.The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments.The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40%and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56%after the removal of sulfide by roasting.Under optimal conditions,the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69%and only 57.92%of thiourea decomposition was observed.The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores,such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide. 展开更多
关键词 thiourea leaching stability PYRITE refractory gold ores
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Research on Technology of Pressure Pretreatment with Oxygen for Refractory Gold Ores
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作者 刘升明 孙体昌 +1 位作者 陈景河 王淀佐 《Journal of Rare Earths》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第S2期270-272,共3页
An combined technology of pressure pretreatment with oxygen on refractory gold ores is pointed out and discussed on this paper, according to the experiments included the test in 1 kg grade batch pressure pretreatment ... An combined technology of pressure pretreatment with oxygen on refractory gold ores is pointed out and discussed on this paper, according to the experiments included the test in 1 kg grade batch pressure pretreatment with oxygen of the concentrate from the refractory gold ores of Dongbeizhai in Sichuan province, which is called the most refractory gold ores in China. It is shown that gold recovery reach 91.73% in the combined process which is described as follows: The flotation of the sulphide gold ores is under controlled conditions, producing the concentrate for pressure pretreatment with oxygen in acidic medium and the middling for the pressure pretreatment with oxygen in alkaline medium. The thickening and washing process substitute the pressure filtration process of the pulp after pressure pretreatment. The thick slimes of the two kinds of pressure pretreatment were mixed and then enter the CIL process for simplifying the flowsheet. The possible superabundance of acid of pressure pretreatment with oxygen in acidic medium was neutralized by the tailings of flotation and the cost of neutralization will be lower. The combined technology of pressure pretreatment with oxygen has the same advantages as the normal technology of pressure pretreatment and both is helpful for environment protection. 展开更多
关键词 combined technology pressure pretreatment refractory gold ores
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Slag Resistance of Refractories for Direct Reduction of Laterite Nickel Ores in Rotary Kilns
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作者 CHEN Wei ZHANG Xiaohui ZHANG Haijun 《China's Refractories》 CAS 2020年第2期11-20,共10页
Aiming at prolonging the service life of refractories for direct reduction of laterite nickel ores in rotary kilns,the slag resistance of ten materials(corundum bricks,chrome corundum bricks,silicon nitride bonded sil... Aiming at prolonging the service life of refractories for direct reduction of laterite nickel ores in rotary kilns,the slag resistance of ten materials(corundum bricks,chrome corundum bricks,silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide bricks,high alumina silicon carbide bricks,high alumina bricks,magnesia chrome bricks,magnesium aluminate spinel bricks,spinel chrome corundum bricks,chrome corundum castables and magnesia alumina chrome composite spinel bricks)was evaluated by rotary slag tests,which simulate the service conditions in rotary kilns.The corroded residual bricks were analyzed by SEM and EDS.The results show that the magnesia alumina chrome composite spinel brick possesses the advantages of magnesium aluminate spinel bricks and chrome corundum bricks;MgO-rich spinel can absorb the penetrated ferric oxide,and forms a dense zeylanite layer,which prevents the penetration of the molten laterite nickel ores;therefore,it is an ideal lining of rotary kilns for direct reduction of laterite nickel ores. 展开更多
关键词 laterite nickel ore direct reduction REFRACTORIES rotary slag test slag resistance
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Pool bio-oxidation and fitting analysis of low-grade arsenic-containing refractory gold ore
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作者 Jiafeng Li Linlin Tong +5 位作者 Haijun Zhang Qiao Chen Hongying Yang Lingling Shen Yiqin Zhai Rongfan Yao 《Green Chemical Engineering》 EI CSCD 2024年第4期511-518,共8页
To overcome the limitations of geography,climate,and ore characteristics on the ore beneficiation process,biooxidation studies on low-grade arsenic-bearing refractory gold ore by pool leaching were carried out,as well... To overcome the limitations of geography,climate,and ore characteristics on the ore beneficiation process,biooxidation studies on low-grade arsenic-bearing refractory gold ore by pool leaching were carried out,as well as process fitting analysis.The gold particles are encapsulated by pyrite and arsenopyrite.After 60 days of biooxidation,the oxidation rates of arsenic,sulfur,and gold were 39%~69%,24%~41%,and 49%~83%,respectively.The inoculated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,Ferroplasma acidiphilum,and Leptospirillum ferrodiazotrophum could all mediate the initial pyrite/arsenopyrite oxidation and the Fe^(2+)oxidation reaction,but only the former could mediate the subsequent sulfur compound oxidation.When compared to daily bacterial circulation and bacterial replacement every ten days,aeration improved the gold leaching rate by 14%~22%.The Boltzmann model could fit both the arsenic and sulfur bio-oxidation,with model fit variances greater than 0.98.Based on the experimental and fitting results,the bio-oxidation cycle was determined to be 60 days,and the bio-oxidation mechanisms are summarized.This study has significant practical implications for the rational utilization of gold resources and provides theoretical and practical guidance for similar gold ores. 展开更多
关键词 refractory gold ore BIO-OXIDATION Pool leaching Boltzmann model
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Roasting and chlorine leaching of gold-bearing refractory concentrate:Experimental and process analysis 被引量:10
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作者 Ida De Michelis Agostino Olivieri +3 位作者 Stefano Ubaldini Francesco Ferella Francesca Beolchini Francesco Vegliò 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI 2013年第5期709-715,共7页
This paper deals with gold extraction from a refractory concentrate by chlorine leaching.The process considers a pre-treatment of refractory materials by low temperature oxidation carried out with low oxygen concentra... This paper deals with gold extraction from a refractory concentrate by chlorine leaching.The process considers a pre-treatment of refractory materials by low temperature oxidation carried out with low oxygen concentration.The oxidized material is treated by leaching with brine.After gold adsorption/reduction onto activated carbon,iron and base metals can be precipitated by NaOH.Roasting tests show the necessity to carry out a thermal pre-treatment at least at 550°C to obtain a reduction of sulfur and mercury in the material(50%and 90%,respectively).Highest gold extraction yield(around 93%)is obtained in the leaching test performed with material sample treated at 650°C.This result confrms the necessity to optimize the thermal pre-treatment to improve Au recovery and to reduce chlorine consumption.A comparison with conventional cyanidation confrms that chlorination could be an useful alternative:in fact,gold extraction yield is quite low:57%in non-pre-treated material and 25%in pre-treatment material. 展开更多
关键词 Gold ores refractory ores LEACHING CHLORINE
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BIOOXIDATION OF TWO ARSENICAL REFRACTORY GOLD CONCENTRATES AND GOLD CYANIDATION
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作者 Zhang, Yongzhu Lu, Yiyuan +1 位作者 Zhang, Chuanfu Zhao, Tiancong(Deptartment.of Nonferrous Metallurgy,Central South University of Technology, 410083 Changsha)Qiu , Rongqing(Microbilolgy Institute, Academia Sinica,Beijing 100080) 《中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版》 CSCD 1994年第3期41-45,共5页
BIOOXIDATIONOFTWOARSENICALREFRACTORYGOLDCONCENTRATESANDGOLDCYANIDATIONZhang,Yongzhu;Lu,Yiyuan;Zhang,Chuanfu;... BIOOXIDATIONOFTWOARSENICALREFRACTORYGOLDCONCENTRATESANDGOLDCYANIDATIONZhang,Yongzhu;Lu,Yiyuan;Zhang,Chuanfu;Zhao,Tiancong(Dep... 展开更多
关键词 GOLD bacterial leaching refractory GOLD oreS
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Effect of mechanical activation on thiosulfate leaching of gold from complex sulfide concentrate 被引量:10
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作者 Mohsen HASHEMZADEHFINI Jana FICERIOVá +1 位作者 Emad ABKHOSHK Behrouz Karimi SHAHRAKI 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2011年第12期2744-2751,共8页
The use of mechanical activation to enhance gold recovery from a CuPbZn complex sulfide concentrate was investigated. The effects of milling time, ball size, sample to ball ratio and milling speed on thiosulfate leach... The use of mechanical activation to enhance gold recovery from a CuPbZn complex sulfide concentrate was investigated. The effects of milling time, ball size, sample to ball ratio and milling speed on thiosulfate leaching were studied. Under optimum conditions of milling time 1 h, ball size 20 mm, sample to ball ratio 1/15 and mill speed 600 r/min, nearly 78% of sample is amorphized, particle size decreases from d100=30 μm to d100=8 μm, specific surface area increases from 1.3 m2/g to 4.6 m2/g and gold recovery enhances from 17.4 % in non-activated sample to 73.26 %. 展开更多
关键词 mechanical activation thiosulfate leaching refractory ore extraction of gold
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