By virtue of a 3∶1 complementary coordination strategy,a chiral heteroleptic metal-organic cage that con-tains divergent functional units,Pd‑R(Zn),was precisely constructed via self-assembly of monodentate variationa...By virtue of a 3∶1 complementary coordination strategy,a chiral heteroleptic metal-organic cage that con-tains divergent functional units,Pd‑R(Zn),was precisely constructed via self-assembly of monodentate variational Zn-salen ligands RZn and NADH(reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)mimic modified tridentate ligands with square-planar Pd ions.UV-Vis and luminescence spectra experiments reveal that different anions could selec-tively interact with different sites of Zn-salen modified metal-organic cages to achieve the structural regulation of cage compound,by using the differentiated host-guest electrostatic interactions of counter ions with metal-organic hosts.Compared to other anions,the presence of chloride ions caused the most significant fluorescence emission enhancement of Pd‑R(Zn),meanwhile,the UV-Vis absorption band attributed to the salen aromatic backbone showed an absorption decrease,and the metal-to-ligand induced peak displayed a blue shift effect.Circular dichro-ism and ^(1)H NMR spectra further demonstrate that the introduction of chloride anions is beneficial to keeping a more rigid scaffold.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have shown great potential in the fields of wearable devices,consumer electronics,and electric vehicles due to their high level of safety,low cost,and multiple electron transfer.The lay...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have shown great potential in the fields of wearable devices,consumer electronics,and electric vehicles due to their high level of safety,low cost,and multiple electron transfer.The layered cathode materials of ZIBs hold a stable structure during charge and discharge reactions owing to the ultrafast and straightforward(de)intercalation-type storage mechanism of Zn^(2+)ions in their tunable interlayer spacing and their abilities to accommodate other guest ions or molecules.Nevertheless,the challenges of inadequate energy density,dissolution of active materials,uncontrollable byproducts,increased internal pressure,and a large de-solvation penalty have been deemed an obstacle to the development of ZIBs.In this review,recent strategies on the structure regulation of layered materials for aqueous zinc-ion energy storage devices are systematically summarized.Finally,critical science challenges and future outlooks are proposed to guide and promote the development of advanced cathode materials for ZIBs.展开更多
The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity...The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity and flexible electronic structure.Herein,density functional theory simulations were addressed to predict the electronic structure regulations of CoFc-MOF by nickel doping,which demonstrated that the well-proposed CoNiFc-MOFs delivered a small energy barrier,promoted conductivity,and well-regulated d-band center.Inspired by these,a series of sea-urchin-like CoNiFc-MOFs were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.Moreover,the synchrotron X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements manifested that the introduction of nickel could tailor the electronic structure of the catalyst and induce the directional transfer of electrons,thus optimizing the rate-determining step of^(*)O→^(*)OOH during the OER process and yielding decent overpotentials of 209 and 252 mV at 10 and 200 mA cm^(−2),respectively,with a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec^(−1).This work presents a new paradigm for developing highly efficient and durable MOF-based electrocatalysts for OER.展开更多
Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silic...Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-val...Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-value-added chemicals.Currently,eCO_(2) RR to formic acid or formate is one of the most technologically and economically viable approaches to realize high-efficiency CO_(2) utilization,and the development of efficient electrocatalysts is very urgent to achieve efficient and stable catalytic performance.In this review,the recent advances for two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets(2D Bi-based NSs)electrocatalysts are concluded from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.Firstly,the preparation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs in aspects to precisely control the thickness and uniformity are summarized.In addition,the electronic regulation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs are highlighted to gain insight into the effects of the structure-property relationship on facilitating CO_(2) activation,improving product selectivity,and optimizing carrier transport dynamics.Finally,the considerable challenges and opportunities of 2D Bi-based NSs are discussed to lighten new directions for future research of eCO_(2) RR.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attentions as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.Here carbon materials are considered as the most competiti...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attentions as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.Here carbon materials are considered as the most competitive anodes for SIBs based on their low-cost,abundant availability and excellent structural stability.Pitch,with high carbon content and low cost,is an ideal raw precursor to prepare carbon materials for large-scale applications.Nevertheless,the microstructures of pitch-based carbon are highly ordered with smaller interlayer distances,which are unfavorable for Na ion storage.Many efforts have been made to improve the sodium storage performance of pitch-based carbon materials.This review summarizes the recent progress about the application of pitch-based carbons for SIBs anodes in the context of carbon’s morphology and structure regulation strategies,including morphology adjustment,heteroatoms doping,fabricating heterostructures,and the increase of the degree of disorder.Besides,the advantages,present challenges,and possible solutions to current issues in pitch-based carbon anode are discussed,with the highlight of future research directions.This review will provide a deep insight into the development of low-cost and high-performance pitch-based carbon anode for SIBs.展开更多
Converting sunlight directly to fuels and chemicals is a great latent capacity for storing renewable energy.Due to the advantages of large surface area,short diffusion paths for electrons,and more exposed active sites...Converting sunlight directly to fuels and chemicals is a great latent capacity for storing renewable energy.Due to the advantages of large surface area,short diffusion paths for electrons,and more exposed active sites,few‐layer carbon nitride(FLCN)materials present great potential for production of solar fuels and chemicals and set off a new wave of research in the last few years.Herein,the recent progress in synthesis and regulation of FLCN‐based photocatalysts,and their applications in the conversion of sunlight into fuels and chemicals,is summarized.More importantly,the regulation strategies from chemical modification to microstructure control toward the production of solar fuels and chemicals has been deeply analyzed,aiming to inspire critical thinking about the effective approaches for photocatalyst modification rather than developing new materials.At the end,the key scientific challenges and some future trend of FLCN‐based materials as advanced photocatalysts are also discussed.展开更多
Layered materials with two-dimensional ion diffusion channels and fast kinetics are attractive as cathode materials for secondary batteries.However,one main challenge in potassium-ion batteries is the large ion size o...Layered materials with two-dimensional ion diffusion channels and fast kinetics are attractive as cathode materials for secondary batteries.However,one main challenge in potassium-ion batteries is the large ion size of K^(+),along with the strong K^(+)-K^(+)electrostatic repulsion.This strong interaction results in initial K deficiency,greater voltage slope,and lower specific capacity between set voltage ranges for layered transition metal oxides.In this review,a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in layered cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries is presented.Except for layered transition metal oxides,some polyanionic compounds,chalcogenides,and organic materials with the layered structure are introduced separately.Furthermore,summary and personal perspectives on future optimization and structural design of layered cathode materials are constructively discussed.We strongly appeal to the further exploration of layered polyanionic compounds and have demonstrated a series of novel layered structures including layered K_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3).展开更多
The development of low-cost, efficient, and high atomic economy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in the entire p H range for sustainable hydrogen production is of great importance but still challe...The development of low-cost, efficient, and high atomic economy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in the entire p H range for sustainable hydrogen production is of great importance but still challenging. Herein, we synthesize a highly dispersed N-doped carbon frames(NCFs) anchored with Co single atoms(SAs) and Co nanoparticles(NPs) catalyst by a doping-adsorption-pyrolysis strategy for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The Co SAs-Co NPs/NCFs catalyst exhibits an excellent HER activity with small overpotential, low Tafel slope, high turnover frequency as well as remarkable stability. It also exhibits a superior HER performance in the entire p H range. Combining with experimental and theoretical calculation, we find that Co SAs with Co-N_(3) coordination structure and Co NPs have a strong interaction for promoting synergistic HER electrocatalytic process. The H_(2)O molecule is easily activated and dissociated on Co NPs, while the generated H^(*) is easily adsorbed on Co SAs for HER, which makes the Co SAs-Co NPs/NCFs catalyst exhibit more suitable H adsorption strength and more conducive to the activation and dissociation of H_(2)O molecules. This work not only proposes a novel idea for constructing coupling catalyst with atomic-level precision, but also provides strong reference for the development of high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts for practical application.展开更多
Benefiting from the ultrahigh specific surface areas,highly accessible surface atoms,and highly tunable microscopic structures,the two-dimensional metallenes as nanocatalysts have displayed promising performance for v...Benefiting from the ultrahigh specific surface areas,highly accessible surface atoms,and highly tunable microscopic structures,the two-dimensional metallenes as nanocatalysts have displayed promising performance for various electrocatalytic reactions.Herein,we reviewed recent advances on metallenes in structural regulations including defect,phase,strain,interface,doping,and alloying engineering strategies and their applications in energy electrocatalytic reactions involving oxygen reduction reaction,carbon dioxide reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and small molecules oxidation reaction.Finally,we proposed the future challenges and directions in this emerging area.展开更多
The development and utilization of renewable clean energy can effectively solve the two major problems of energy and environment. As an efficient power generation device that converts hydrogen energy into electric ene...The development and utilization of renewable clean energy can effectively solve the two major problems of energy and environment. As an efficient power generation device that converts hydrogen energy into electric energy, fuel cell has attracted more and more attention. For fuel cells, the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at the cathode is the core reaction, and the design and development of high-performance ORR catalysts remain quite challenging. Since the microenvironment of the active center of single atom catalysts(SACs) has an important influence on its catalytic performance, it has been a research focus to improve the ORR activity and stability of electrocatalysts by adjusting the structure of the active center through reasonable structural regulation methods. In this review, we reviewed the preparation and structure–activity relationship of SACs for ORR. Then, the structural precision regulation methods for improving the activity and stability of ORR electrocatalysts are discussed. And the advanced in-situ characterization techniques for revealing the changes of active sites in the electrocatalytic ORR process are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future design directions of SACs for ORR are discussed. This work will provide important reference value for the design and synthesis of SACs with high activity and stability for ORR.展开更多
Based on the overall consideration of individual behaviors of Ricardian and non-Ricardian households, this paper develops a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model to form a relatively systema...Based on the overall consideration of individual behaviors of Ricardian and non-Ricardian households, this paper develops a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model to form a relatively systematic research framework for analyzing the economic effects of structural fiscal instruments. Our study findsthat great differences exist in the macroeconomic effects of different fiscal instruments, suggesting that the government should prudently select these fiscal instruments in fiscal macro-control. The simulating results of fiscal shocks show that the effect of tax cut is superior to the effect of increased spending. In the context of slowing economic growth and less potent stimulation policy, the government should transform its previous regulatory approach of fiscal policy and shift from hefty spending stimulus policy to structural tax cuts. This paper believes that China should step up the implementation of public-private partnership, increase its spending on social security, healthcare, pension and public services and facilitate the transition toward a service-based government; and that tax policy should focus on structural tax cuts on consumption to promote the transition of demand structure toward consumption-driven.展开更多
The title compound 1-（3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl）-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（3） was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（1） and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine（2） with eq...The title compound 1-（3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl）-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（3） was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（1） and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine（2） with equal amount of K_2CO_3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by ~1H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.7227（8）, b = 27.924（4）, c = 6.2282（7） ？, β = 101.892（11）°, V = 973.9（2） ？~3, Z = 4, T = 180.00（10） K, μ（MoKα） = 0.087 mm^（-1）, Dc = 1.243 g/cm^3, 3832 reflections measured（3.648≤θ≤26.022°）, 1916 unique reflections（Rint = 0.0359, Rsigma = 0.0572） used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557（I 〉 2σ（I）） and w R = 0.1276（all data）. Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L（50 ppm） in soybeen（He Feng-50）. Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 m L of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent-free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.展开更多
Regulating the coordination environment of transition-metal based materials in the axial direction with heteroatoms has shown great potential in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).The coordination configurati...Regulating the coordination environment of transition-metal based materials in the axial direction with heteroatoms has shown great potential in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).The coordination configuration and the regulation method are pivotal and elusive.Here,we report a combined strategy of matrix-activization and controlled-induction to modify the CoN_(4)site by axial coordination of Co-S(Co1N_(4)-S_(1)),which was validated by the aberration-corrected electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.The optimal Co1N_(4)-S_(1)exhibits an excellent alkaline ORR activity,according to the half-wave potential(0.897 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)),Tafel slope(24.67 mV/dec),and kinetic current density.Moreover,the Co1N_(4)-S_(1)based Zn-air battery displays a high power density of 187.55 mW/cm^(2)and an outstanding charge-discharge cycling stability for 160 h,demonstrating the promising application potential.Theoretical calculations indicate that the better regulation of CoN_(4)on electronic structure and thus the highly efficient ORR performance can be achieved by axial Co-S.展开更多
Metallic clusters,ranging from 1 to 2 nm in size,have emerged as promising candidates for creating nanoelectronic devices at the single-cluster level.With the intermediate quantum properties between metals and semicon...Metallic clusters,ranging from 1 to 2 nm in size,have emerged as promising candidates for creating nanoelectronic devices at the single-cluster level.With the intermediate quantum properties between metals and semiconductors,these metallic clusters offer an alternative pathway to silicon-based electronics and organic molecules for miniaturized electronics with dimensions below 5 nm.Significant progress has been made in studies of single-cluster electronic devices.However,a clear guide for selecting,synthesizing,and fabricating functional single-cluster electronic devices is still required.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of single-cluster electronic devices,including the mechanisms of electron transport,the fabrication of devices,and the regulations of electron transport properties.Furthermore,we discuss the challenges and future directions for single-cluster electronic devices and their potential applications.展开更多
Although pseudocapacitive manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))integrates the high-power merit of carbonaceous materials with the high-energy merit of battery-type materials,it still has a long way to go in achieving a more sati...Although pseudocapacitive manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))integrates the high-power merit of carbonaceous materials with the high-energy merit of battery-type materials,it still has a long way to go in achieving a more satisfactory balance of higher energy and power density,and in decoupling the relationship of structural characteristics with energy storage performance.To realize such goals,a bottom-up[WO_(6)]-perturbed[MnO_(6)]assembly strategy has been developed here due to their similar structure,yet mismatched lattice parameters.This facile protocol is capable of finely controlling the morphology and crystal structure of MnO_(2)by adjusting its internal[WO_(6)]concentration.Therefore,the as-prepared W_xMnO_(2)is treated as an ideal platform to scrutinize the correlations of the structure with the energy storage performance.The operando Raman spectra and finite element analysis have fully demonstrated the superiority of the locally ordered defects-enriched structure of W_(0.02)-MnO_(2),which could reach a favorable balance between the ion diffusion equilibrium time and the number of active sites.As a result,the W_(0.02)-MnO_(2)is able to deliver a high capacitance of 292 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and a remarkable rate performance with a 60%capacity retention at a current density of 50 A·g^(-1).The further unveiled structure-performance relationship provides a guideline for the design of better pseudocapacitive energy storage devices.展开更多
Nitrogen-doped carbon loaded single-atom catalysts(SACs)are promising candidates for electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into high-valuable chemicals,and the modification of catalysts by heteroatom-doping strategy is...Nitrogen-doped carbon loaded single-atom catalysts(SACs)are promising candidates for electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into high-valuable chemicals,and the modification of catalysts by heteroatom-doping strategy is an effective approach to enhance the CO_(2)reduction performance.However,the large difference exists in atomic radius between nitrogen atoms and the doped heteroatoms may lead to the poor stability of active sites.In this study,we have synthesized a Ni single atom catalyst with S doping at the secondshell on the ultrathin carbon nanosheets support(Ni-N_(4)-SC)by solid-phase pyrolysis.The S atom in the second-shell contributes to the higher efficiency of CO_(2)conversion at lower potentials while the Ni-N_(4)-SC can be more stable.The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the S atom in second-shell breaks the uniform charge distribution and reduces the free energy of hydrogenation,which can increase the adsorption of CO_(2),accelerate charge transfer,and reduce the reaction energy barrier.This work reveals the close relationship between the second-shell and the electrocatalytic activity of single atom sites,which also provides a new perspective to design efficient single atom catalysts.展开更多
At present,industrial synthetic ammonia was still obtained through the Hubble-Bosch process,with large energy consumption.It is a research hotspot to realize green synthetic ammonia by using solar energy.The difficult...At present,industrial synthetic ammonia was still obtained through the Hubble-Bosch process,with large energy consumption.It is a research hotspot to realize green synthetic ammonia by using solar energy.The difficulty of photocatalytic ammonia synthesis was that the photo-excited electrons have not enough energy to active N≡N.In this study,Ti was doped into BiOBr by one-step hydrothermal method,which was oxidized into TiO_(2)when the doping amount reaches the maximum,in situ forming Ti_(0.31)B_(0.69)OB/TiO_(2)composites.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Ti doping and S-scheme heterojunction,the synthetic ammonia efficiency of Ti_(0.31)B_(0.69)OB/TiO_(2)-11.96 reached 1.643 mmol·g_(cat)^(-1)at mild conditions and without hole scavenger for up to 7 h,the efficiency of synthetic ammonia is 115 times,10.5 times and 3.3 times of that of BiOBr,Ti_(0.31)B_(0.69)OB and TiO_(2),respectively.Specifically,DFT calculation confirms that Ti doping accurately refine the electronic structure of BiOBr,facilitate nitrogen adsorption activation and reduce hydrogenation reaction energy barrier,thus accelerating the reaction kinetics of photocatalytic nitrogen reduction(NRR),Meanwhile,constructing S-scheme heterojunction boosts the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,improving the reduction ability of electrons in the conduction band of TiO_(2)and the oxidation ability of holes in the valence band of Ti_(0.31)B_(0.69)OB.展开更多
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled with organic oxidation holds great promise for converting solar energy into high-valueadded chemicals,but it is hampered by sluggish charge dynamics and limited redox potentia...Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled with organic oxidation holds great promise for converting solar energy into high-valueadded chemicals,but it is hampered by sluggish charge dynamics and limited redox potential.Herein,a porous S-doped carbon nitride(S-C_(3)N_(4−y))foam assembled from ultrathin nanosheets with rich nitrogen vacancies was synthesized using a molecular selfassembly strategy.The S dopants and N vacancies synergistically adjusted the band structure,facilitating light absorption and enhancing the oxidation ability.Moreover,the ultrathin nanosheets and porous structure provided more exposed active sites and facilitated mass and charge transfer.Consequently,S-C_(3)N_(4−y) foam exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activities for synchronous hydrogen evolution(4960μmol/(h·g))and benzylamine oxidation to N-benzylidenebenzylamine(4885μmol/(h·g))with high selectivity of>99%,which were approximately 17.6 and 72.9 times higher than those of bulk CN,respectively.The photocatalytic coupling pairing reaction promotes the water splitting by consuming H2O2,thereby improving the hydrogen evolution efficiency and achieving the production of high value-added imines.This study provides an effective route for regulating the morphology and band structure of carbon nitride for synthesizing highly valuable chemicals.展开更多
Atomically dispersed catalysts(ADCs)have been diffusely researched for the development of advanced catalytic processes owing to their welldefined structure,high atomic utilization,and outstanding activity.Precisely de...Atomically dispersed catalysts(ADCs)have been diffusely researched for the development of advanced catalytic processes owing to their welldefined structure,high atomic utilization,and outstanding activity.Precisely decoding the intrinsic structures and coordination microenvironments of ADCs still confronts significant challenges.Overcoming these challenges is important for profound understanding of the structure-activity relationships and directing the future design of ADCs.Herein,this minireview summarizes recent progress and advanced characterization techniques for the engineering of ADCs,including single-atom catalysts,dualatom catalysts,and atomic cluster catalysts with regard to precise synthesis,structural regulation,and the structure-performance relationship.The catalytic merits and regulation strategies of recent breakthroughs in energy conversion,enzyme mimicry,and organic synthesis are thoroughly discussed to disclose the catalytic mechanism-guided ADCs design.Finally,a comprehensive summary of the future challenges and potential prospects is presented to stimulate more design and application possibilities for ADCs.We believe that this comprehensive minireview will open up novel pathways for the widespread utilization of ADCs in diverse catalytic processes.展开更多
文摘By virtue of a 3∶1 complementary coordination strategy,a chiral heteroleptic metal-organic cage that con-tains divergent functional units,Pd‑R(Zn),was precisely constructed via self-assembly of monodentate variational Zn-salen ligands RZn and NADH(reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)mimic modified tridentate ligands with square-planar Pd ions.UV-Vis and luminescence spectra experiments reveal that different anions could selec-tively interact with different sites of Zn-salen modified metal-organic cages to achieve the structural regulation of cage compound,by using the differentiated host-guest electrostatic interactions of counter ions with metal-organic hosts.Compared to other anions,the presence of chloride ions caused the most significant fluorescence emission enhancement of Pd‑R(Zn),meanwhile,the UV-Vis absorption band attributed to the salen aromatic backbone showed an absorption decrease,and the metal-to-ligand induced peak displayed a blue shift effect.Circular dichro-ism and ^(1)H NMR spectra further demonstrate that the introduction of chloride anions is beneficial to keeping a more rigid scaffold.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)grants(2022R1A4A1032832 and 2019R1A6A1A10073079)funded by the Korean government(MSIT)
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have shown great potential in the fields of wearable devices,consumer electronics,and electric vehicles due to their high level of safety,low cost,and multiple electron transfer.The layered cathode materials of ZIBs hold a stable structure during charge and discharge reactions owing to the ultrafast and straightforward(de)intercalation-type storage mechanism of Zn^(2+)ions in their tunable interlayer spacing and their abilities to accommodate other guest ions or molecules.Nevertheless,the challenges of inadequate energy density,dissolution of active materials,uncontrollable byproducts,increased internal pressure,and a large de-solvation penalty have been deemed an obstacle to the development of ZIBs.In this review,recent strategies on the structure regulation of layered materials for aqueous zinc-ion energy storage devices are systematically summarized.Finally,critical science challenges and future outlooks are proposed to guide and promote the development of advanced cathode materials for ZIBs.
基金Changjiang Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:Q2018270Outstanding Youth Funding of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:OUFAH 1908085J10+2 种基金Jiangsu Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,Grant/Award Number:202111117079YNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20200044National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:NSFC 21671004,NSFC 21975001,NSFC U1904215。
文摘The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity and flexible electronic structure.Herein,density functional theory simulations were addressed to predict the electronic structure regulations of CoFc-MOF by nickel doping,which demonstrated that the well-proposed CoNiFc-MOFs delivered a small energy barrier,promoted conductivity,and well-regulated d-band center.Inspired by these,a series of sea-urchin-like CoNiFc-MOFs were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.Moreover,the synchrotron X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements manifested that the introduction of nickel could tailor the electronic structure of the catalyst and induce the directional transfer of electrons,thus optimizing the rate-determining step of^(*)O→^(*)OOH during the OER process and yielding decent overpotentials of 209 and 252 mV at 10 and 200 mA cm^(−2),respectively,with a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec^(−1).This work presents a new paradigm for developing highly efficient and durable MOF-based electrocatalysts for OER.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT21LK34)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-MS-113).
文摘Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(222RC548)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(22109034,22109035,52164028,62105083,21805104)+3 种基金the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province(KFKT2021007)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)-20008,20082,20083,20084,21065,21124,21125)the Innovative Research Projects for Graduate Students of Hainan Province(Qhyb2022-89,Qhys2022-174)the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China and the Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-value-added chemicals.Currently,eCO_(2) RR to formic acid or formate is one of the most technologically and economically viable approaches to realize high-efficiency CO_(2) utilization,and the development of efficient electrocatalysts is very urgent to achieve efficient and stable catalytic performance.In this review,the recent advances for two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets(2D Bi-based NSs)electrocatalysts are concluded from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.Firstly,the preparation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs in aspects to precisely control the thickness and uniformity are summarized.In addition,the electronic regulation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs are highlighted to gain insight into the effects of the structure-property relationship on facilitating CO_(2) activation,improving product selectivity,and optimizing carrier transport dynamics.Finally,the considerable challenges and opportunities of 2D Bi-based NSs are discussed to lighten new directions for future research of eCO_(2) RR.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.Z181100004718007)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0102204)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attentions as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.Here carbon materials are considered as the most competitive anodes for SIBs based on their low-cost,abundant availability and excellent structural stability.Pitch,with high carbon content and low cost,is an ideal raw precursor to prepare carbon materials for large-scale applications.Nevertheless,the microstructures of pitch-based carbon are highly ordered with smaller interlayer distances,which are unfavorable for Na ion storage.Many efforts have been made to improve the sodium storage performance of pitch-based carbon materials.This review summarizes the recent progress about the application of pitch-based carbons for SIBs anodes in the context of carbon’s morphology and structure regulation strategies,including morphology adjustment,heteroatoms doping,fabricating heterostructures,and the increase of the degree of disorder.Besides,the advantages,present challenges,and possible solutions to current issues in pitch-based carbon anode are discussed,with the highlight of future research directions.This review will provide a deep insight into the development of low-cost and high-performance pitch-based carbon anode for SIBs.
文摘Converting sunlight directly to fuels and chemicals is a great latent capacity for storing renewable energy.Due to the advantages of large surface area,short diffusion paths for electrons,and more exposed active sites,few‐layer carbon nitride(FLCN)materials present great potential for production of solar fuels and chemicals and set off a new wave of research in the last few years.Herein,the recent progress in synthesis and regulation of FLCN‐based photocatalysts,and their applications in the conversion of sunlight into fuels and chemicals,is summarized.More importantly,the regulation strategies from chemical modification to microstructure control toward the production of solar fuels and chemicals has been deeply analyzed,aiming to inspire critical thinking about the effective approaches for photocatalyst modification rather than developing new materials.At the end,the key scientific challenges and some future trend of FLCN‐based materials as advanced photocatalysts are also discussed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20180086)
文摘Layered materials with two-dimensional ion diffusion channels and fast kinetics are attractive as cathode materials for secondary batteries.However,one main challenge in potassium-ion batteries is the large ion size of K^(+),along with the strong K^(+)-K^(+)electrostatic repulsion.This strong interaction results in initial K deficiency,greater voltage slope,and lower specific capacity between set voltage ranges for layered transition metal oxides.In this review,a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in layered cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries is presented.Except for layered transition metal oxides,some polyanionic compounds,chalcogenides,and organic materials with the layered structure are introduced separately.Furthermore,summary and personal perspectives on future optimization and structural design of layered cathode materials are constructively discussed.We strongly appeal to the further exploration of layered polyanionic compounds and have demonstrated a series of novel layered structures including layered K_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3).
基金supported by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909065)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020QB174)+3 种基金the Petro China Innovation Foundation(2019D-5007-0401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776315,22108306)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(19CX02008A,19CX05001A)the Postgraduate Innovation Fund of China University of Petroleum(East China)(YCX2020037)。
文摘The development of low-cost, efficient, and high atomic economy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in the entire p H range for sustainable hydrogen production is of great importance but still challenging. Herein, we synthesize a highly dispersed N-doped carbon frames(NCFs) anchored with Co single atoms(SAs) and Co nanoparticles(NPs) catalyst by a doping-adsorption-pyrolysis strategy for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The Co SAs-Co NPs/NCFs catalyst exhibits an excellent HER activity with small overpotential, low Tafel slope, high turnover frequency as well as remarkable stability. It also exhibits a superior HER performance in the entire p H range. Combining with experimental and theoretical calculation, we find that Co SAs with Co-N_(3) coordination structure and Co NPs have a strong interaction for promoting synergistic HER electrocatalytic process. The H_(2)O molecule is easily activated and dissociated on Co NPs, while the generated H^(*) is easily adsorbed on Co SAs for HER, which makes the Co SAs-Co NPs/NCFs catalyst exhibit more suitable H adsorption strength and more conducive to the activation and dissociation of H_(2)O molecules. This work not only proposes a novel idea for constructing coupling catalyst with atomic-level precision, but also provides strong reference for the development of high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts for practical application.
文摘Benefiting from the ultrahigh specific surface areas,highly accessible surface atoms,and highly tunable microscopic structures,the two-dimensional metallenes as nanocatalysts have displayed promising performance for various electrocatalytic reactions.Herein,we reviewed recent advances on metallenes in structural regulations including defect,phase,strain,interface,doping,and alloying engineering strategies and their applications in energy electrocatalytic reactions involving oxygen reduction reaction,carbon dioxide reduction reaction,hydrogen evolution reaction,and small molecules oxidation reaction.Finally,we proposed the future challenges and directions in this emerging area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22108306)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn201909065)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2021YQ15,ZR2020QB174)。
文摘The development and utilization of renewable clean energy can effectively solve the two major problems of energy and environment. As an efficient power generation device that converts hydrogen energy into electric energy, fuel cell has attracted more and more attention. For fuel cells, the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at the cathode is the core reaction, and the design and development of high-performance ORR catalysts remain quite challenging. Since the microenvironment of the active center of single atom catalysts(SACs) has an important influence on its catalytic performance, it has been a research focus to improve the ORR activity and stability of electrocatalysts by adjusting the structure of the active center through reasonable structural regulation methods. In this review, we reviewed the preparation and structure–activity relationship of SACs for ORR. Then, the structural precision regulation methods for improving the activity and stability of ORR electrocatalysts are discussed. And the advanced in-situ characterization techniques for revealing the changes of active sites in the electrocatalytic ORR process are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future design directions of SACs for ORR are discussed. This work will provide important reference value for the design and synthesis of SACs with high activity and stability for ORR.
文摘Based on the overall consideration of individual behaviors of Ricardian and non-Ricardian households, this paper develops a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model to form a relatively systematic research framework for analyzing the economic effects of structural fiscal instruments. Our study findsthat great differences exist in the macroeconomic effects of different fiscal instruments, suggesting that the government should prudently select these fiscal instruments in fiscal macro-control. The simulating results of fiscal shocks show that the effect of tax cut is superior to the effect of increased spending. In the context of slowing economic growth and less potent stimulation policy, the government should transform its previous regulatory approach of fiscal policy and shift from hefty spending stimulus policy to structural tax cuts. This paper believes that China should step up the implementation of public-private partnership, increase its spending on social security, healthcare, pension and public services and facilitate the transition toward a service-based government; and that tax policy should focus on structural tax cuts on consumption to promote the transition of demand structure toward consumption-driven.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2012BAD20B04)
文摘The title compound 1-（3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl）-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（3） was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（1） and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine（2） with equal amount of K_2CO_3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by ~1H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.7227（8）, b = 27.924（4）, c = 6.2282（7） ？, β = 101.892（11）°, V = 973.9（2） ？~3, Z = 4, T = 180.00（10） K, μ（MoKα） = 0.087 mm^（-1）, Dc = 1.243 g/cm^3, 3832 reflections measured（3.648≤θ≤26.022°）, 1916 unique reflections（Rint = 0.0359, Rsigma = 0.0572） used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557（I 〉 2σ（I）） and w R = 0.1276（all data）. Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L（50 ppm） in soybeen（He Feng-50）. Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 m L of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent-free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0500503)theNational Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275109,21971135,21925202,21872076,and 21471102)+2 种基金the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2214060)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680508)Shenzhen Basic Research Foundation(No.JCYJ20190808110613626).
文摘Regulating the coordination environment of transition-metal based materials in the axial direction with heteroatoms has shown great potential in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).The coordination configuration and the regulation method are pivotal and elusive.Here,we report a combined strategy of matrix-activization and controlled-induction to modify the CoN_(4)site by axial coordination of Co-S(Co1N_(4)-S_(1)),which was validated by the aberration-corrected electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.The optimal Co1N_(4)-S_(1)exhibits an excellent alkaline ORR activity,according to the half-wave potential(0.897 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)),Tafel slope(24.67 mV/dec),and kinetic current density.Moreover,the Co1N_(4)-S_(1)based Zn-air battery displays a high power density of 187.55 mW/cm^(2)and an outstanding charge-discharge cycling stability for 160 h,demonstrating the promising application potential.Theoretical calculations indicate that the better regulation of CoN_(4)on electronic structure and thus the highly efficient ORR performance can be achieved by axial Co-S.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22250003,22173075,21933012,and 22003052)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.20720220020,20720220072,and 20720200068).
文摘Metallic clusters,ranging from 1 to 2 nm in size,have emerged as promising candidates for creating nanoelectronic devices at the single-cluster level.With the intermediate quantum properties between metals and semiconductors,these metallic clusters offer an alternative pathway to silicon-based electronics and organic molecules for miniaturized electronics with dimensions below 5 nm.Significant progress has been made in studies of single-cluster electronic devices.However,a clear guide for selecting,synthesizing,and fabricating functional single-cluster electronic devices is still required.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of single-cluster electronic devices,including the mechanisms of electron transport,the fabrication of devices,and the regulations of electron transport properties.Furthermore,we discuss the challenges and future directions for single-cluster electronic devices and their potential applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22105164 and 21875205)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2022203009)+1 种基金Hebei Province Foundation for the National Natural Science Foundation(No.206Z4404G)the subsidy for Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry after Operation Performance(No.22567616H)。
文摘Although pseudocapacitive manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))integrates the high-power merit of carbonaceous materials with the high-energy merit of battery-type materials,it still has a long way to go in achieving a more satisfactory balance of higher energy and power density,and in decoupling the relationship of structural characteristics with energy storage performance.To realize such goals,a bottom-up[WO_(6)]-perturbed[MnO_(6)]assembly strategy has been developed here due to their similar structure,yet mismatched lattice parameters.This facile protocol is capable of finely controlling the morphology and crystal structure of MnO_(2)by adjusting its internal[WO_(6)]concentration.Therefore,the as-prepared W_xMnO_(2)is treated as an ideal platform to scrutinize the correlations of the structure with the energy storage performance.The operando Raman spectra and finite element analysis have fully demonstrated the superiority of the locally ordered defects-enriched structure of W_(0.02)-MnO_(2),which could reach a favorable balance between the ion diffusion equilibrium time and the number of active sites.As a result,the W_(0.02)-MnO_(2)is able to deliver a high capacitance of 292 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and a remarkable rate performance with a 60%capacity retention at a current density of 50 A·g^(-1).The further unveiled structure-performance relationship provides a guideline for the design of better pseudocapacitive energy storage devices.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100186,52170082,51938007 and 52063024)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20225BCJ23003 and 20212ACB203008)。
文摘Nitrogen-doped carbon loaded single-atom catalysts(SACs)are promising candidates for electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into high-valuable chemicals,and the modification of catalysts by heteroatom-doping strategy is an effective approach to enhance the CO_(2)reduction performance.However,the large difference exists in atomic radius between nitrogen atoms and the doped heteroatoms may lead to the poor stability of active sites.In this study,we have synthesized a Ni single atom catalyst with S doping at the secondshell on the ultrathin carbon nanosheets support(Ni-N_(4)-SC)by solid-phase pyrolysis.The S atom in the second-shell contributes to the higher efficiency of CO_(2)conversion at lower potentials while the Ni-N_(4)-SC can be more stable.The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the S atom in second-shell breaks the uniform charge distribution and reduces the free energy of hydrogenation,which can increase the adsorption of CO_(2),accelerate charge transfer,and reduce the reaction energy barrier.This work reveals the close relationship between the second-shell and the electrocatalytic activity of single atom sites,which also provides a new perspective to design efficient single atom catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22168040 and 22162025)the Project of Science&Technology Office of Shannxi Province(No.2022JM-062)。
文摘At present,industrial synthetic ammonia was still obtained through the Hubble-Bosch process,with large energy consumption.It is a research hotspot to realize green synthetic ammonia by using solar energy.The difficulty of photocatalytic ammonia synthesis was that the photo-excited electrons have not enough energy to active N≡N.In this study,Ti was doped into BiOBr by one-step hydrothermal method,which was oxidized into TiO_(2)when the doping amount reaches the maximum,in situ forming Ti_(0.31)B_(0.69)OB/TiO_(2)composites.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Ti doping and S-scheme heterojunction,the synthetic ammonia efficiency of Ti_(0.31)B_(0.69)OB/TiO_(2)-11.96 reached 1.643 mmol·g_(cat)^(-1)at mild conditions and without hole scavenger for up to 7 h,the efficiency of synthetic ammonia is 115 times,10.5 times and 3.3 times of that of BiOBr,Ti_(0.31)B_(0.69)OB and TiO_(2),respectively.Specifically,DFT calculation confirms that Ti doping accurately refine the electronic structure of BiOBr,facilitate nitrogen adsorption activation and reduce hydrogenation reaction energy barrier,thus accelerating the reaction kinetics of photocatalytic nitrogen reduction(NRR),Meanwhile,constructing S-scheme heterojunction boosts the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,improving the reduction ability of electrons in the conduction band of TiO_(2)and the oxidation ability of holes in the valence band of Ti_(0.31)B_(0.69)OB.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1503003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20250 and 22271081)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2021B003)the University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province(No.UNPYSCT-2020004).
文摘Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled with organic oxidation holds great promise for converting solar energy into high-valueadded chemicals,but it is hampered by sluggish charge dynamics and limited redox potential.Herein,a porous S-doped carbon nitride(S-C_(3)N_(4−y))foam assembled from ultrathin nanosheets with rich nitrogen vacancies was synthesized using a molecular selfassembly strategy.The S dopants and N vacancies synergistically adjusted the band structure,facilitating light absorption and enhancing the oxidation ability.Moreover,the ultrathin nanosheets and porous structure provided more exposed active sites and facilitated mass and charge transfer.Consequently,S-C_(3)N_(4−y) foam exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activities for synchronous hydrogen evolution(4960μmol/(h·g))and benzylamine oxidation to N-benzylidenebenzylamine(4885μmol/(h·g))with high selectivity of>99%,which were approximately 17.6 and 72.9 times higher than those of bulk CN,respectively.The photocatalytic coupling pairing reaction promotes the water splitting by consuming H2O2,thereby improving the hydrogen evolution efficiency and achieving the production of high value-added imines.This study provides an effective route for regulating the morphology and band structure of carbon nitride for synthesizing highly valuable chemicals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.22171157).
文摘Atomically dispersed catalysts(ADCs)have been diffusely researched for the development of advanced catalytic processes owing to their welldefined structure,high atomic utilization,and outstanding activity.Precisely decoding the intrinsic structures and coordination microenvironments of ADCs still confronts significant challenges.Overcoming these challenges is important for profound understanding of the structure-activity relationships and directing the future design of ADCs.Herein,this minireview summarizes recent progress and advanced characterization techniques for the engineering of ADCs,including single-atom catalysts,dualatom catalysts,and atomic cluster catalysts with regard to precise synthesis,structural regulation,and the structure-performance relationship.The catalytic merits and regulation strategies of recent breakthroughs in energy conversion,enzyme mimicry,and organic synthesis are thoroughly discussed to disclose the catalytic mechanism-guided ADCs design.Finally,a comprehensive summary of the future challenges and potential prospects is presented to stimulate more design and application possibilities for ADCs.We believe that this comprehensive minireview will open up novel pathways for the widespread utilization of ADCs in diverse catalytic processes.
