Objective: To determine quantitatively the amount of demineralization and the ability of commercially available products and an experimental cream to inhibit or reverse orthodontic related demineralization.Methods: A ...Objective: To determine quantitatively the amount of demineralization and the ability of commercially available products and an experimental cream to inhibit or reverse orthodontic related demineralization.Methods: A total of 20 patients who were 25–35 years old and having orthodontic treatment for 6–8 months were chosen.Caries risk assessments were done for each patient and ones with "moderate risk" were included.Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were divided into 4 groups(5 patients each) including one control and 3 study groups.All patients used same toothpaste 2 times a day during the 3 weeks study period.Additional to the toothpaste first study group used MI Paste Plus(GC, Tokyo, Japan), second study group used Remin Pro(Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) and third group used an experimental remineralizing cream per day for 3 weeks.Maxillary central and lateral incisors of each patient were examined by FluoreCam(Daraza Therametric Technologies, USA) device.The examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks.Results: According to the FluoreCam measurements the control group showed significant amount of demineralization at the end of 3 weeks, moreover the amount of demineralization has gradually increased in time.At the end of the study all 3 study groups showed significant amount of remineralization and the amount of remineralization for all the 3 study groups has gradually increased in time.However the amount of remineralization for 3rd study group was lesser than the 1st and 2nd study groups.The remineralization amounts for the 1st and 2 nd study groups were determined to be identical.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that demineralization is measurable around orthodontic brackets and the demineralization can be completely inhibited and/or reversed by the use of commercially available remineralization products.展开更多
During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to ...During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen(PN)remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.To better constrain the nitrogen transformations,the physical and chemical parameters,including temperature,salinity,nutrients,PN andδ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom.In addition,the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer,and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model,respectively.Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowestδ15NPN in the surface layer,which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14 N in nitrate by phytoplankton.Theδ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin,ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation.In mixed layer,the spatial distribution ofδ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter(POM)production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model.The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰by Steady State model,which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model.These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton.Increasingδ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents,and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14 N in PN by bacteria.In subsurface and deep layer,theδ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization,with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰and 3.2‰,respectively.It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.展开更多
This study consists in the investigation of the application of ornamental rock tailings applied in remineralization in the Brazilian soil through the rocking technique.Due to the Brazilian dependence on the importatio...This study consists in the investigation of the application of ornamental rock tailings applied in remineralization in the Brazilian soil through the rocking technique.Due to the Brazilian dependence on the importation of agricultural inputs,the use of the method aims beyond improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil,supplying the demand for such data,and in return to give an adequate end to pollutant tailings.The tailings have chemical characteristics that are of great importance for soil composition.The methodology employed was divided into three stages,the first one was the physicochemical characterization of the rock dust,followed by the characterization of the soil experimented and the cultivation of the plant species Phaseolus Vulgari.The results obtained so far showed favorable results since the characteristics obtained through the physicochemical analyses were compatible with those suitable for the soil,after the application of the powder,which had its high pH and which proved that the tailings corrected the soil acidity of the sample in question,placing it at an ideal level for the cultivation of new species.展开更多
The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro.Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individu...The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro.Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individually treated with two levels of demineralization solutions to form erosive and subsurface artificial carious lesions in vitro.Each group was then divided into three subgroups,each of which were treated with a remineralization solution(positive control),deionized water(negative control),or 4 000 mg?L 21 aqueous solutions of Galla chinensis extract.The dentine blocks were then subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 7 days.During the first 4 days,the daily cycle included 21-h deal and 3-h demineralization applications.The dentine blocks were dealt with the entire day during the remaining 3 days.Two specimens from each of the treatment groups were selected and observed under a polarized light microscope.Data collected using a laser scanning confocal microscope were computerized and analyzed.Galla chinensis extract clearly enhanced the remineralization of both erosive lesion and subsurface lesion patterns in the specimens(P,0.05).The level of remineralization of the erosive lesion by Galla chinensis extract was lower than that of the subsurface lesion(P,0.05).In addition,the remineralization of the subsurface lesion by Galla chinensis extract was higher than that of the remineralization solution(P,0.05).No significant difference between the remineralization of erosive lesions by Galla chinensis extract and the remineralization solution was observed(P.0.05).So Galla chinensis extract has the potential to improve the remineralization of artificial root lesions under dynamic pH-cyclic conditions,indicating its potential use as a natural remineralization medicine.展开更多
Aim The effect of Galla chinensis on de-/re-mineralization of advanced enamel lesions was investigated by using micro-CT in a prolonged in vitro experiment. Methodology Baseline mineral contents of sound enamels were ...Aim The effect of Galla chinensis on de-/re-mineralization of advanced enamel lesions was investigated by using micro-CT in a prolonged in vitro experiment. Methodology Baseline mineral contents of sound enamels were first analyzed. Then lesions were produced in an acidic buffer solution (2.2 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2,2.2 mmol·L-1 KH2PO4, and pH=4.5) for 21 days, with thrice daily three-minute treatments, divided into four groups: Group A, 4 000 ppm crude aqueous extract of Galla chinensis (GCE); Group B, 4 000 ppm gallic acid; Group C,1000 ppm F aq. (as NaF, positive control); Group D, deionized water (negative control). Next, the blocks were immersed in a remineralization solution (1.5 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, 0.9 mmol·L-1 KH2PO4, 0.1 ppm F, and pH=7.0) for 200 days. Mineral loss (ML) in each region of interest (ROI) and integrated mineral loss (IML) of the lesions were calculated (comparing with baseline mineral content of sound enamel) at different time points. Results After 21 days demineralization, fluoride treatment showed a statistically significant demineralization-inhibiting effect among the four groups, and after 200 days of remineralization, mineral content recovery was ordered (lowest to highest) as A=C<B<D. Conclusion GCE could slow down the remineralization of enamel in the surface layer and thereby facilitate ion transport into the lesion body. The mechanism of Galla chinensis in enhancing the remineralization of dental caries is different from fluoride.展开更多
Preventing enamel demineralization and remineralization of orthodontic patients is important and it di-ffers from other dental patients. Oral hygiene education and oral examination is essential to prevent enamel demi-...Preventing enamel demineralization and remineralization of orthodontic patients is important and it di-ffers from other dental patients. Oral hygiene education and oral examination is essential to prevent enamel demi-neralization, and dietary education or control of sugar intake should not be ignored during fixed orthodontic treat-ment. Laser irradiation is a noteworthy method to prevent enamel mineralization. Products containing fluoride andfluoride released not only can be used to prevent demineralization but also have the ability of remineralization during orthodontic treatment. Oral hygiene products containing casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) have been demonstrated to have the ability of remineralization such as sugar-free chewing gum added CPP-ACP, lozenges containing CPP-ACP and milk protein casein stabilized by phosphopeptides.展开更多
To test the efficacy of two calcium phosphate pastes compared to that of fluoride toothpaste on remineralizing artificial caries in situ, this study had a double-blind crossover in situ design, involving three experim...To test the efficacy of two calcium phosphate pastes compared to that of fluoride toothpaste on remineralizing artificial caries in situ, this study had a double-blind crossover in situ design, involving three experimental phases of 14 days each, with an 8-day washout period between phases. Nine healthy subjects participated in the study. The subjects wore removable palatal appliances mounted with six human enamel slabs with artificial caries lesions, and in each of the experimental phases, used one of the following methods two times/day: group A, brushing with 1.0 g of Colgate Regular Flavor, followed by applying 0.25 g of Tooth Mousse Plus; group B, brushing with 0.25 g of Clinpro Tooth Cre`me; and group C, brushing with 1.0 g of Colgate Regular Flavor. After 14 days, the enamel slabs(54 slabs/ group) were embedded in resin, sectioned and examined with a polarized-light microscope, and the lesion areas were quantified using Image-Pro Plus. All experimental groups showed a significant reduction in lesion area compared to the initial lesion area(paired t-test, P,0.001). The mean reduction in lesion area of Groups A, B and C were(0.02960.010),(0.03060.009) and(0.02760.009) mm2, respectively. There were no statistical differences between groups(Kruskal–Wallis test, P.0.05). All three groups remineralized the enamel slab lesions, indicating model sensitivity to fluoride. Given the differences in usage amounts and treated regimens, Clinpro Tooth Cre` me provided similar benefits to the fluoride toothpaste; however, no additional benefit of Tooth Mousse Plus was observed when used in conjunction with the fluoride toothpaste.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three inorganic materials:casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP), calcium sodium phosphosilicate(CSP) and sodium fluoride(NaF) on their remineralization po...This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three inorganic materials:casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP), calcium sodium phosphosilicate(CSP) and sodium fluoride(NaF) on their remineralization potential. CPP-ACP, CSP and NaF were applicated in demineralized enamel for 4 h and then all enamel samples were immersed in remineralization solution. After 10 days, all samples were prepared for microhardness test, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observation and the elemental level(%) analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The surface microhardness(SMH) values of three experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). The SMH value of NaF group was significantly higher than other experimental groups(P<0.05). The SEM micrographs showed that three remineralization materials caused distinct morphological changes and remineralized deposits were different from each other. EDX elemental analysis showed that there were significant differences in the Ca(wt%) and Ca:P molar ratio of the enamel layer among control and experimental groups. The Ca(wt%) and Ca:P molar ratio in NaF group were significantly higher than those of other experimental groups. There were no significant differences in P(wt%) among control and experimental groups(P<0.05). Three remineralization materials used in our study had the potential of remineralizing the demineralized enamel. NaF is the best and most feasible choice to be used in remineralizing the demineralized enamel.展开更多
The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited...The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited penetrability and mineralization capacities of most current desensitizers.Matrix vesicles(MVs)participate in the regulation of ectopic mineralization.Herein,ectopic MV analogs are prepared by employing natural cell membranes to endow mineral precursors with natural biointerfaces and integrated biofunctions for stimulating dentin remineralization.The analogs quickly access DTs(>20μm)in only 5 min and further penetrate deep into the interior of DTs(an extraordinary~200μm)in 7 days.Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the DTs are efficiently sealed by the newly formed minerals(>50μm)with excellent resistance to wear and acid erosion,which is significantly deeper than most reported values.After repair,the microhardness of the damaged dentin can be recovered to those of healthy dentin.For the first time,cell membrane coating nanotechnology is used as a facile and efficient therapy for in-depth remineralization of DTs in treating DH with thorough and long-term effects,which provides insights into their potential for hard tissue repair.展开更多
Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in the world.This study was tantamount to investigate the combinatory effects of an amelogenin-derived peptide(called QP5)and fluoride on the remineralization of a...Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in the world.This study was tantamount to investigate the combinatory effects of an amelogenin-derived peptide(called QP5)and fluoride on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries.The peptide QP5 was synthesized and characterized,and the binding capability of the peptide on hydroxyapatite(HA)and demineralized tooth enamel surface was analysed.Then,the mineralization function of the peptide and fluoride was studied through the spontaneous mineralization testing and remineralization on enamel caries in vitro.First,the novel peptide QP5 could bind on the hydroxyapatite and demineralized tooth enamel surfaces.Second,QP5 can transitorily stabilize the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and direct the transformation into hydroxyapatite crystals alone and in combination with fluoride.In addition,compared to blocks treated by peptide QP5 alone or fluoride,the sample blocks showed significantly higher surface microhardness,lower mineral loss and shallower lesion depth after treatment with a combination of QP5 and fluoride at high or low concentrations.The peptide QP5 could control the crystallization of hydroxyapatite,and combinatory application of peptide QP5 and fluoride had a potential synergistic effect on the remineralization of enamel caries.展开更多
In this study,we have designed a more clinically powerful anti-caries treatment by applying the amelogenin-derived peptide QP5 to the antibacterial carrier material chitosan in a hydrogel(CS-QP5 hydrogel),and characte...In this study,we have designed a more clinically powerful anti-caries treatment by applying the amelogenin-derived peptide QP5 to the antibacterial carrier material chitosan in a hydrogel(CS-QP5 hydrogel),and characterized its effects on the inhibition of a cariogenic biofilm and the promotion of the remineralization of the initial caries lesions.The results indicated that the CS-QP5 hydrogel sustainably inhibited the growth of the Streptococcus mutans biofilm,lactic acid production and the metabolic activity over a prolonged period of time.Moreover,the CS-QP5 hydrogel promoted the remineralization of early enamel lesions,which were indicated by surface microhardness(,polarized light microscopy and transverse microradiography.In conclusion,the CS-QP5 hydrogel shows good potential for caries control in the clinic because of its antibacterial effects as well as the remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions even in a biofilm model over a prolonged period of time.展开更多
In this in vitro study,the restoration of acid-eroded enamel surface morphology and anti-wear properties under two conditions,mono-remineralization(treated with remineralization alone)and impact-remineralization(treat...In this in vitro study,the restoration of acid-eroded enamel surface morphology and anti-wear properties under two conditions,mono-remineralization(treated with remineralization alone)and impact-remineralization(treated with cyclic impact followed by remineralization),are characterized to determine the effect of occlusal loading on enamel remineralization.Compared with the mono-remineralized surface,the impact-remineralized surface demonstrates better anti-wear performance,as manifested by a higher hardness and elastic modulus,as well as a lower friction coefficient and wear volume.Loading on the eroded enamel surface induces the fragmentation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles,which aids crystal deposition and fusion during subsequent remineralization.In summary,owing to the enamel microstructure,occlusal loading can promote the restoration of enamel anti-wear properties by enhancing remineralization.Remineralization enhancement through occlusalloading-induced nanoparticle fragmentation plays a significant role in preventing human teeth from excessive wear.展开更多
文摘Objective: To determine quantitatively the amount of demineralization and the ability of commercially available products and an experimental cream to inhibit or reverse orthodontic related demineralization.Methods: A total of 20 patients who were 25–35 years old and having orthodontic treatment for 6–8 months were chosen.Caries risk assessments were done for each patient and ones with "moderate risk" were included.Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were divided into 4 groups(5 patients each) including one control and 3 study groups.All patients used same toothpaste 2 times a day during the 3 weeks study period.Additional to the toothpaste first study group used MI Paste Plus(GC, Tokyo, Japan), second study group used Remin Pro(Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) and third group used an experimental remineralizing cream per day for 3 weeks.Maxillary central and lateral incisors of each patient were examined by FluoreCam(Daraza Therametric Technologies, USA) device.The examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks.Results: According to the FluoreCam measurements the control group showed significant amount of demineralization at the end of 3 weeks, moreover the amount of demineralization has gradually increased in time.At the end of the study all 3 study groups showed significant amount of remineralization and the amount of remineralization for all the 3 study groups has gradually increased in time.However the amount of remineralization for 3rd study group was lesser than the 1st and 2nd study groups.The remineralization amounts for the 1st and 2 nd study groups were determined to be identical.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that demineralization is measurable around orthodontic brackets and the demineralization can be completely inhibited and/or reversed by the use of commercially available remineralization products.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41721005the COMRA Program of China under contract No.DY135-E2-2-03the Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Program of China under contract Nos CHINARE2017-01-04-03 and CHINARE2017-04-01-06
文摘During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen(PN)remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.To better constrain the nitrogen transformations,the physical and chemical parameters,including temperature,salinity,nutrients,PN andδ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom.In addition,the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer,and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model,respectively.Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowestδ15NPN in the surface layer,which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14 N in nitrate by phytoplankton.Theδ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin,ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation.In mixed layer,the spatial distribution ofδ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter(POM)production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model.The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰by Steady State model,which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model.These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton.Increasingδ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents,and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14 N in PN by bacteria.In subsurface and deep layer,theδ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization,with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰and 3.2‰,respectively.It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.
文摘This study consists in the investigation of the application of ornamental rock tailings applied in remineralization in the Brazilian soil through the rocking technique.Due to the Brazilian dependence on the importation of agricultural inputs,the use of the method aims beyond improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil,supplying the demand for such data,and in return to give an adequate end to pollutant tailings.The tailings have chemical characteristics that are of great importance for soil composition.The methodology employed was divided into three stages,the first one was the physicochemical characterization of the rock dust,followed by the characterization of the soil experimented and the cultivation of the plant species Phaseolus Vulgari.The results obtained so far showed favorable results since the characteristics obtained through the physicochemical analyses were compatible with those suitable for the soil,after the application of the powder,which had its high pH and which proved that the tailings corrected the soil acidity of the sample in question,placing it at an ideal level for the cultivation of new species.
文摘The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro.Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individually treated with two levels of demineralization solutions to form erosive and subsurface artificial carious lesions in vitro.Each group was then divided into three subgroups,each of which were treated with a remineralization solution(positive control),deionized water(negative control),or 4 000 mg?L 21 aqueous solutions of Galla chinensis extract.The dentine blocks were then subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 7 days.During the first 4 days,the daily cycle included 21-h deal and 3-h demineralization applications.The dentine blocks were dealt with the entire day during the remaining 3 days.Two specimens from each of the treatment groups were selected and observed under a polarized light microscope.Data collected using a laser scanning confocal microscope were computerized and analyzed.Galla chinensis extract clearly enhanced the remineralization of both erosive lesion and subsurface lesion patterns in the specimens(P,0.05).The level of remineralization of the erosive lesion by Galla chinensis extract was lower than that of the subsurface lesion(P,0.05).In addition,the remineralization of the subsurface lesion by Galla chinensis extract was higher than that of the remineralization solution(P,0.05).No significant difference between the remineralization of erosive lesions by Galla chinensis extract and the remineralization solution was observed(P.0.05).So Galla chinensis extract has the potential to improve the remineralization of artificial root lesions under dynamic pH-cyclic conditions,indicating its potential use as a natural remineralization medicine.
文摘Aim The effect of Galla chinensis on de-/re-mineralization of advanced enamel lesions was investigated by using micro-CT in a prolonged in vitro experiment. Methodology Baseline mineral contents of sound enamels were first analyzed. Then lesions were produced in an acidic buffer solution (2.2 mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2,2.2 mmol·L-1 KH2PO4, and pH=4.5) for 21 days, with thrice daily three-minute treatments, divided into four groups: Group A, 4 000 ppm crude aqueous extract of Galla chinensis (GCE); Group B, 4 000 ppm gallic acid; Group C,1000 ppm F aq. (as NaF, positive control); Group D, deionized water (negative control). Next, the blocks were immersed in a remineralization solution (1.5 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, 0.9 mmol·L-1 KH2PO4, 0.1 ppm F, and pH=7.0) for 200 days. Mineral loss (ML) in each region of interest (ROI) and integrated mineral loss (IML) of the lesions were calculated (comparing with baseline mineral content of sound enamel) at different time points. Results After 21 days demineralization, fluoride treatment showed a statistically significant demineralization-inhibiting effect among the four groups, and after 200 days of remineralization, mineral content recovery was ordered (lowest to highest) as A=C<B<D. Conclusion GCE could slow down the remineralization of enamel in the surface layer and thereby facilitate ion transport into the lesion body. The mechanism of Galla chinensis in enhancing the remineralization of dental caries is different from fluoride.
文摘Preventing enamel demineralization and remineralization of orthodontic patients is important and it di-ffers from other dental patients. Oral hygiene education and oral examination is essential to prevent enamel demi-neralization, and dietary education or control of sugar intake should not be ignored during fixed orthodontic treat-ment. Laser irradiation is a noteworthy method to prevent enamel mineralization. Products containing fluoride andfluoride released not only can be used to prevent demineralization but also have the ability of remineralization during orthodontic treatment. Oral hygiene products containing casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) have been demonstrated to have the ability of remineralization such as sugar-free chewing gum added CPP-ACP, lozenges containing CPP-ACP and milk protein casein stabilized by phosphopeptides.
文摘To test the efficacy of two calcium phosphate pastes compared to that of fluoride toothpaste on remineralizing artificial caries in situ, this study had a double-blind crossover in situ design, involving three experimental phases of 14 days each, with an 8-day washout period between phases. Nine healthy subjects participated in the study. The subjects wore removable palatal appliances mounted with six human enamel slabs with artificial caries lesions, and in each of the experimental phases, used one of the following methods two times/day: group A, brushing with 1.0 g of Colgate Regular Flavor, followed by applying 0.25 g of Tooth Mousse Plus; group B, brushing with 0.25 g of Clinpro Tooth Cre`me; and group C, brushing with 1.0 g of Colgate Regular Flavor. After 14 days, the enamel slabs(54 slabs/ group) were embedded in resin, sectioned and examined with a polarized-light microscope, and the lesion areas were quantified using Image-Pro Plus. All experimental groups showed a significant reduction in lesion area compared to the initial lesion area(paired t-test, P,0.001). The mean reduction in lesion area of Groups A, B and C were(0.02960.010),(0.03060.009) and(0.02760.009) mm2, respectively. There were no statistical differences between groups(Kruskal–Wallis test, P.0.05). All three groups remineralized the enamel slab lesions, indicating model sensitivity to fluoride. Given the differences in usage amounts and treated regimens, Clinpro Tooth Cre` me provided similar benefits to the fluoride toothpaste; however, no additional benefit of Tooth Mousse Plus was observed when used in conjunction with the fluoride toothpaste.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81070852 and 81171010)
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three inorganic materials:casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP), calcium sodium phosphosilicate(CSP) and sodium fluoride(NaF) on their remineralization potential. CPP-ACP, CSP and NaF were applicated in demineralized enamel for 4 h and then all enamel samples were immersed in remineralization solution. After 10 days, all samples were prepared for microhardness test, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observation and the elemental level(%) analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The surface microhardness(SMH) values of three experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). The SMH value of NaF group was significantly higher than other experimental groups(P<0.05). The SEM micrographs showed that three remineralization materials caused distinct morphological changes and remineralized deposits were different from each other. EDX elemental analysis showed that there were significant differences in the Ca(wt%) and Ca:P molar ratio of the enamel layer among control and experimental groups. The Ca(wt%) and Ca:P molar ratio in NaF group were significantly higher than those of other experimental groups. There were no significant differences in P(wt%) among control and experimental groups(P<0.05). Three remineralization materials used in our study had the potential of remineralizing the demineralized enamel. NaF is the best and most feasible choice to be used in remineralizing the demineralized enamel.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51925304,51903175,and 51973133).
文摘The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited penetrability and mineralization capacities of most current desensitizers.Matrix vesicles(MVs)participate in the regulation of ectopic mineralization.Herein,ectopic MV analogs are prepared by employing natural cell membranes to endow mineral precursors with natural biointerfaces and integrated biofunctions for stimulating dentin remineralization.The analogs quickly access DTs(>20μm)in only 5 min and further penetrate deep into the interior of DTs(an extraordinary~200μm)in 7 days.Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the DTs are efficiently sealed by the newly formed minerals(>50μm)with excellent resistance to wear and acid erosion,which is significantly deeper than most reported values.After repair,the microhardness of the damaged dentin can be recovered to those of healthy dentin.For the first time,cell membrane coating nanotechnology is used as a facile and efficient therapy for in-depth remineralization of DTs in treating DH with thorough and long-term effects,which provides insights into their potential for hard tissue repair.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81470734 and 81771062).
文摘Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in the world.This study was tantamount to investigate the combinatory effects of an amelogenin-derived peptide(called QP5)and fluoride on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries.The peptide QP5 was synthesized and characterized,and the binding capability of the peptide on hydroxyapatite(HA)and demineralized tooth enamel surface was analysed.Then,the mineralization function of the peptide and fluoride was studied through the spontaneous mineralization testing and remineralization on enamel caries in vitro.First,the novel peptide QP5 could bind on the hydroxyapatite and demineralized tooth enamel surfaces.Second,QP5 can transitorily stabilize the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and direct the transformation into hydroxyapatite crystals alone and in combination with fluoride.In addition,compared to blocks treated by peptide QP5 alone or fluoride,the sample blocks showed significantly higher surface microhardness,lower mineral loss and shallower lesion depth after treatment with a combination of QP5 and fluoride at high or low concentrations.The peptide QP5 could control the crystallization of hydroxyapatite,and combinatory application of peptide QP5 and fluoride had a potential synergistic effect on the remineralization of enamel caries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81470734)the Technology Program of Sichuan Province(2014SZ0024).
文摘In this study,we have designed a more clinically powerful anti-caries treatment by applying the amelogenin-derived peptide QP5 to the antibacterial carrier material chitosan in a hydrogel(CS-QP5 hydrogel),and characterized its effects on the inhibition of a cariogenic biofilm and the promotion of the remineralization of the initial caries lesions.The results indicated that the CS-QP5 hydrogel sustainably inhibited the growth of the Streptococcus mutans biofilm,lactic acid production and the metabolic activity over a prolonged period of time.Moreover,the CS-QP5 hydrogel promoted the remineralization of early enamel lesions,which were indicated by surface microhardness(,polarized light microscopy and transverse microradiography.In conclusion,the CS-QP5 hydrogel shows good potential for caries control in the clinic because of its antibacterial effects as well as the remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions even in a biofilm model over a prolonged period of time.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52035001,51675449,and 51535010)the 111 Project of China(No.B20008).
文摘In this in vitro study,the restoration of acid-eroded enamel surface morphology and anti-wear properties under two conditions,mono-remineralization(treated with remineralization alone)and impact-remineralization(treated with cyclic impact followed by remineralization),are characterized to determine the effect of occlusal loading on enamel remineralization.Compared with the mono-remineralized surface,the impact-remineralized surface demonstrates better anti-wear performance,as manifested by a higher hardness and elastic modulus,as well as a lower friction coefficient and wear volume.Loading on the eroded enamel surface induces the fragmentation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles,which aids crystal deposition and fusion during subsequent remineralization.In summary,owing to the enamel microstructure,occlusal loading can promote the restoration of enamel anti-wear properties by enhancing remineralization.Remineralization enhancement through occlusalloading-induced nanoparticle fragmentation plays a significant role in preventing human teeth from excessive wear.
