Reorganization energy(RE)is closely related to the charge transport properties and is one of the important parameters for screening novel organic semiconductors(OSCs).With the rise of data-driven technology,accurate a...Reorganization energy(RE)is closely related to the charge transport properties and is one of the important parameters for screening novel organic semiconductors(OSCs).With the rise of data-driven technology,accurate and efficient machine learning(ML)models for high-throughput screening novel organic molecules play an important role in the boom of material science.Comparing different molecular descriptors and algorithms,we construct a reasonable algorithm framework with molecular graphs to describe the compositional structure,convolutional neural networks to extract material features,and subsequently embedded fully connected neural networks to establish the mapping between features and predicted properties.With our well-designed judicious training pattern about feature-guided stratified random sampling,we have obtained a high-precision and robust reorganization energy prediction model,which can be used as one of the important descriptors for rapid screening potential OSCs.The root-meansquare error(RMSE)and the squared Pearson correlation coefficient(R^(2))of this model are 2.6 me V and0.99,respectively.More importantly,we confirm and emphasize that training pattern plays a crucial role in constructing supreme ML models.We are calling for more attention to designing innovative judicious training patterns in addition to high-quality databases,efficient material feature engineering and algorithm framework construction.展开更多
Virtual reality is nowadays used to facilitate motor recovery in stroke patients. Most virtual reality studies have involved chronic stroke patients; however, brain plasticity remains good in acute and subacute patien...Virtual reality is nowadays used to facilitate motor recovery in stroke patients. Most virtual reality studies have involved chronic stroke patients; however, brain plasticity remains good in acute and subacute patients. Most virtual reality systems are only applicable to the proximal upper limbs(arms) because of the limitations of their capture systems. Nevertheless, the functional recovery of an affected hand is most difficult in the case of hemiparesis rehabilitation after a stroke. The recently developed Leap Motion controller can track the fine movements of both hands and fingers. Therefore, the present study explored the effects of a Leap Motion-based virtual reality system on subacute stroke. Twenty-six subacute stroke patients were assigned to an experimental group that received virtual reality training along with conventional occupational rehabilitation, and a control group that only received conventional rehabilitation. The Wolf motor function test(WMFT) was used to assess the motor function of the affected upper limb; functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the cortical activation. After four weeks of treatment, the motor functions of the affected upper limbs were significantly improved in all the patients, with the improvement in the experimental group being significantly better than in the control group. The action performance time in the WMFT significantly decreased in the experimental group. Furthermore, the activation intensity and the laterality index of the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex increased in both the experimental and control groups. These results confirmed that Leap Motion-based virtual reality training was a promising and feasible supplementary rehabilitation intervention, could facilitate the recovery of motor functions in subacute stroke patients. The study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: Chi CTR-OCH-12002238).展开更多
Acute central nervous system injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with widespread social and economic implications.Motor tract injury accounts for the majority of this disability;therefore...Acute central nervous system injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with widespread social and economic implications.Motor tract injury accounts for the majority of this disability;therefore,there is impetus to understand mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of injury and subsequent reorganization of the motor tract that may lead to recovery.After acute central nervous system injury,there are changes in the microenvironment and structure of the motor tract.For example,ischemic stroke involves decreased local blood flow and tissue death from lack of oxygen and nutrients.Traumatic injury,in contrast,causes stretching and shearing injury to microstructures,including myelinated axons and their surrounding vessels.Both involve blood-brain barrier dysfunction,which is an important initial event.After acute central nervous system injury,motor tract reorganization occurs in the form of cortical remapping in the gray matter and axonal regeneration and rewiring in the white matter.Cortical remapping involves one cortical region taking on the role of another.cAMP-response-element binding protein is a key transcription factor that can enhance plasticity in the peri-infarct cortex.Axonal regeneration and rewiring depend on complex cell-cell interactions between axons,oligodendrocytes,and other cells.The RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in axon growth/regeneration through interactions with myelin-derived axonal growth inhibitors and regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics.Oligodendrocytes and their precursors play a role in myelination,and neurons are involved through their voltage-gated calcium channels.Understanding the pathophysiology of injury and the biology of motor tract reorganization may allow the development of therapies to enhance recovery after acute central nervous system injury.These include targeted rehabilitation,novel pharmacotherapies,such as growth factors and axonal growth inhibitor blockade,and the implementation of neurotechnologies,such as central nervous system stimulators and robotics.The translation of these advances depends on careful alignment of preclinical studies and human clinical trials.As experimental data mount,the future is one of optimism.展开更多
Many early Japanese books record a large amount of information,including historical politics,economics,culture,and so on,which are all valuable legacies.These books are waiting to be reorganized at the moment.However,...Many early Japanese books record a large amount of information,including historical politics,economics,culture,and so on,which are all valuable legacies.These books are waiting to be reorganized at the moment.However,a large amount of the books are described by Kuzushiji,a type of handwriting cursive script that is no longer in use today and only readable by a few experts.Therefore,researchers are trying to detect and recognise the characters from these books through modern techniques.Unfortunately,the characteristics of the Kuzushiji,such as Connect-Separate-characters and Manyvariation,hinder the modern technique assisted re-organisation.Connect-Separatecharacters refer to the case of some characters connecting each other or one character being separated into unconnected parts,which makes character detection hard.Manyvariation is one of the typical characteristics of Kuzushiji,defined as the case that the same character has several variations even if they are written by the same person in the same book at the same time,which increases the difficulty of character recognition.In this sense,this paper aims to construct an early Japanese book reorganisation system by combining image processing and deep learning techniques.The experimentation has been done by testing two early Japanese books.In terms of character detection,the final Recall,Precision and F-value reaches 79.8%,80.3%,and 80.0%,respectively.The deep learning based character recognition accuracy of Top3 reaches 69.52%,and the highest recognition rate reaches 82.57%,which verifies the effectiveness of our proposal.展开更多
Standards and specifications are the premise of integrated reorganization of science specimen data, and data integration is the core of the reorganization. ETL [1] which is the abbreviation of extract, transform, and ...Standards and specifications are the premise of integrated reorganization of science specimen data, and data integration is the core of the reorganization. ETL [1] which is the abbreviation of extract, transform, and load [2], is very suitable for data integration. Kettle is a kind of ETL software. In this paper, it has been introduced into the integrated reorganization of science specimen data. Multi-source and heterogeneous specimen data are integrated using kettle, and good results have been achieved. It proved the effectiveness of kettle in the integrated reorganization of science specimen data. The application has practical significance, and the method can be referenced when reorganizing other resource data.展开更多
The Big Four is the name given to the top four professional consultancy firms of the world namely Pw C(Price Waterhouse Coopers), KPMG, Ernst and Young and Deloitte. These firms provide audit, accounting, taxation, fi...The Big Four is the name given to the top four professional consultancy firms of the world namely Pw C(Price Waterhouse Coopers), KPMG, Ernst and Young and Deloitte. These firms provide audit, accounting, taxation, financial and other professional consultancy to the clients(being businesses and companies). The paper discusses the reasons for the formation of the Big Four and the future aspects of the big four. It was found that the current market structure and the existing status of the Big Four will not change in the near future and there is near to impossible chances of new entrants in the auditing and accounting markets because of barriers to entry established by the Big Four in the existing market.展开更多
Reported here are several new calculation methods for the inner-sphere reorganization energy of hydrated metal ions involved in electron transfer processes.It is based on the self-exchange model of reorganization and ...Reported here are several new calculation methods for the inner-sphere reorganization energy of hydrated metal ions involved in electron transfer processes.It is based on the self-exchange model of reorganization and utilizes the more exact potential functions between central metal ion and the inner-sphere ligands.The parameters involved are determined via the spectroscopic and thermodynamic data.The predictions of the inner-sphere reorganization energies from those models agree well with the photoemission experimental results.展开更多
Tectonic transition from a syn-rift stage to subsequent post-rift stage is an important mechanism in the evolution of extensional basins.The sedimentary infill records the crustal response to this process.We have obta...Tectonic transition from a syn-rift stage to subsequent post-rift stage is an important mechanism in the evolution of extensional basins.The sedimentary infill records the crustal response to this process.We have obtained new detrital zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf signatures from the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic successions encompassing the commonly accepted syn-to post-rift transition boundary,the T4 unconformity,in the Songliao Basin,NE China.These constrain the Songliao Basin’s evolution from its center to distal margins,providing insights into the sediment provenance and dispersal pattern over the tectonic transition.Analysis of zircons from the syn-rift(the Shahezi and Yingcheng formations)and immediate post-rift(the Lower and Middle Denglouku Formation)stages reveals Phanerozoic age populations with positiveƐHf(t)values,which were derived from the proximal juvenile mantle-derived melt origin bedrocks of the Songliao Block.In contrast,the overlying samples from the Upper Denglouku Formation deposited in the subsequent post-rift stage contain exotic and ancient zircon populations with ages of 2.5 Ga&1.8 Ga and complex hafnium signatures,characteristic of a mixed origin.These are interpreted to be transported from distant cratonic terranes via larger drainage networks.It is obvious that the sediment dispersal pattern switched from being a local and hydrologically closed“intraregional”pattern to a“transcontinental”pattern during the transition.The time lag between the development of the T4 unconformity and the drainage reorganization also ensures a distinguishable3 Myr(106103 Ma,Late Albian)transition period of regional extent.During this transition stage,syn-rift faulting was replaced by postrift thermal subsidence,exhibiting a uniform sag configuration.Our new findings are important for understanding other continental rift basins during syn-to post-rift transition,which often demonstrates a complex interaction between the linkage and integration of sub-basins,and the reorganization of fluvial drainages and catchment systems.展开更多
Although molybdenum disulfide (MoS_(2))-based materials are generally known as active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the inert performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) seriously...Although molybdenum disulfide (MoS_(2))-based materials are generally known as active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the inert performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) seriously limits their wide applications in alkaline electrolyzers due to there exists too strong metal-sulfur (M−S) bond in MoS_(2). Herein, by means of surface reorganization engineering of bimetal Al, Co-doped MoS_(2) (devoted as AlCo_(3)-MoS_(2)) through in situ substituting partial oxidation, we successfully significantly activate the OER activity of MoS_(2), which affords a considerably low overpotential of 323 mV at −30 mA cm^(−2), far lower than those of MoS_(2), Al-MoS_(2) and Co-MoS_(2) catalysts. Essentially, the AlCo_(3)-MoS_(2) substrate produces lots of M−O (M=Al, Co and Mo) species with oxygen vacancies, which trigger the surface self-reconstruction of pre-catalysts and simultaneously boost the electrocatalytic OER activity. Moreover, benefiting from the moderate M−O species formed on the surface, the redistribution of surface electron states is induced, thus optimizing the adsorption of OH* and OOH* intermediates on metal oxyhydroxides and awakening the OER activity of MoS_(2).展开更多
Based on the capture force field potential model and the adiabatic invariant proposed by Bates, adopting improved average dipole orientation (IADO) theory, the force constants between transition metal ions and benzene...Based on the capture force field potential model and the adiabatic invariant proposed by Bates, adopting improved average dipole orientation (IADO) theory, the force constants between transition metal ions and benzene (bz) and also a series of inner-sphere reoganization energy (REin) were calculated. The reasons for the differences between theoretical predictions and experimental results were discussed.展开更多
This paper demonstrates how modern technologies, especially the Internet, are transforming the nature of the service sector, leading to extensive resource reorganizations and integrations, and fundamentally challengin...This paper demonstrates how modern technologies, especially the Internet, are transforming the nature of the service sector, leading to extensive resource reorganizations and integrations, and fundamentally challenging traditional theories on service-based economy, e.g., the assumption that the service sector is inefficient no longer holds true, it is difficult for the neoclassical price theory to explain service price formation and people's consumption rationality has changed. Meanwhile, economic issues associated with the Internet, such as Internet economics, platform economics and information product pricing, also need to be investigated. Theoretical research and innovations also need to be carried out to investigate questions like how to protect privacy without preventing the use of data, as well as the complexities of "cultural and psychological consumption."展开更多
A new ab-initio method of computing reorganization energy (RE) for the electrontransfer (ET) reaction between M-H and M+-H system is presented. Values of RE from precise REdefinition and the George-Griffith-Marcus (GG...A new ab-initio method of computing reorganization energy (RE) for the electrontransfer (ET) reaction between M-H and M+-H system is presented. Values of RE from precise REdefinition and the George-Griffith-Marcus (GGM) model were obtained and compared with the REobtained from the experimental spectroscopic data. Results show that in the gaseous phase, ETreactions by the new method can give better values than classical GGM model.展开更多
Perilesional reorganization is an important recovery mechanism for stroke patients because it yields good motor outcomes. However, perilesional reorganization remains poorly understood. The scientific basis for stroke...Perilesional reorganization is an important recovery mechanism for stroke patients because it yields good motor outcomes. However, perilesional reorganization remains poorly understood. The scientific basis for stroke rehabilitation can be established when detailed mechanisms of recovery are clarified. In addition, studies at the subcortical level remain in the early stages. Therefore, the present study suggested that additional investigations should focus on perilesional reorganization at the subcortical level, identifying the critical period for this mechanism and determining treatment strategies and modalities to facilitate development. The present study reviews literature focused on perilesional reorganization in stroke patients with regard to demonstration, clinical characteristics, and rehabilitative aspects, as well as previous studies of perilesional reorganization at cortical and subcortical levels.展开更多
Peri-lesional reorganization is one of the motor recovery mechanisms following stroke. A 23-year-old female who presented with complete paralysis of the right extremities at the onset of infarct in the left middle cer...Peri-lesional reorganization is one of the motor recovery mechanisms following stroke. A 23-year-old female who presented with complete paralysis of the right extremities at the onset of infarct in the left middle cerebral artery territory was included.She slowly recovered some function, and could extend the affected knee with resistance after 9 months.Diffusion tensor tractography, functional MRI,and transcranial magnetic stimulation testing were performed at 7 years after onset. Results showed that diffusion tensor tractography of the affected(left) hemisphere passed through the medial corona radiata at,or around,the wall of the lateral ventricle.The contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex was activated during affected knee movements.The motor-evoked potential, which was obtained from the affected leg,exhibited corticospinal tract characteristics.Results indicated that motor function of the affected leg recovered via the corticospinal tract,which descended through the corona radiata medial to the infarct.The motor function of the affected leg was reorganized to the medial corona radiata following infarct to the middle cerebral artery territory.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2017YFA0204503 and 2018YFA0703200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52121002,U21A6002 and 22003046)+1 种基金the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (20JCJQJC00300)“A Multi-Scale and High-Efficiency Computing Platform for Advanced Functional Materials”program,funded by Haihe Laboratory in Tianjin (22HHXCJC00007)。
文摘Reorganization energy(RE)is closely related to the charge transport properties and is one of the important parameters for screening novel organic semiconductors(OSCs).With the rise of data-driven technology,accurate and efficient machine learning(ML)models for high-throughput screening novel organic molecules play an important role in the boom of material science.Comparing different molecular descriptors and algorithms,we construct a reasonable algorithm framework with molecular graphs to describe the compositional structure,convolutional neural networks to extract material features,and subsequently embedded fully connected neural networks to establish the mapping between features and predicted properties.With our well-designed judicious training pattern about feature-guided stratified random sampling,we have obtained a high-precision and robust reorganization energy prediction model,which can be used as one of the important descriptors for rapid screening potential OSCs.The root-meansquare error(RMSE)and the squared Pearson correlation coefficient(R^(2))of this model are 2.6 me V and0.99,respectively.More importantly,we confirm and emphasize that training pattern plays a crucial role in constructing supreme ML models.We are calling for more attention to designing innovative judicious training patterns in addition to high-quality databases,efficient material feature engineering and algorithm framework construction.
基金supported by the Sub-Project under National "Twelfth Five-Year" Plan for Science&Technology Support Project in China,No.2011BAI08B11the Research Project of China Rehabilitation Research Center,No.2014-3
文摘Virtual reality is nowadays used to facilitate motor recovery in stroke patients. Most virtual reality studies have involved chronic stroke patients; however, brain plasticity remains good in acute and subacute patients. Most virtual reality systems are only applicable to the proximal upper limbs(arms) because of the limitations of their capture systems. Nevertheless, the functional recovery of an affected hand is most difficult in the case of hemiparesis rehabilitation after a stroke. The recently developed Leap Motion controller can track the fine movements of both hands and fingers. Therefore, the present study explored the effects of a Leap Motion-based virtual reality system on subacute stroke. Twenty-six subacute stroke patients were assigned to an experimental group that received virtual reality training along with conventional occupational rehabilitation, and a control group that only received conventional rehabilitation. The Wolf motor function test(WMFT) was used to assess the motor function of the affected upper limb; functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the cortical activation. After four weeks of treatment, the motor functions of the affected upper limbs were significantly improved in all the patients, with the improvement in the experimental group being significantly better than in the control group. The action performance time in the WMFT significantly decreased in the experimental group. Furthermore, the activation intensity and the laterality index of the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex increased in both the experimental and control groups. These results confirmed that Leap Motion-based virtual reality training was a promising and feasible supplementary rehabilitation intervention, could facilitate the recovery of motor functions in subacute stroke patients. The study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: Chi CTR-OCH-12002238).
基金supported in part by JSPS“KAKENHI”Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists,Grant No.18K16566(to HT)Research Abroad from the Japan Brain Foundation(to HT)+2 种基金Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research of Japan(to HT)the Rotary Foundation Global Scholarship Grants,Grant Nos.GG1759314,GG1876795)(to HT)the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of USA,No.R25 NS065743(to RWR).
文摘Acute central nervous system injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with widespread social and economic implications.Motor tract injury accounts for the majority of this disability;therefore,there is impetus to understand mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of injury and subsequent reorganization of the motor tract that may lead to recovery.After acute central nervous system injury,there are changes in the microenvironment and structure of the motor tract.For example,ischemic stroke involves decreased local blood flow and tissue death from lack of oxygen and nutrients.Traumatic injury,in contrast,causes stretching and shearing injury to microstructures,including myelinated axons and their surrounding vessels.Both involve blood-brain barrier dysfunction,which is an important initial event.After acute central nervous system injury,motor tract reorganization occurs in the form of cortical remapping in the gray matter and axonal regeneration and rewiring in the white matter.Cortical remapping involves one cortical region taking on the role of another.cAMP-response-element binding protein is a key transcription factor that can enhance plasticity in the peri-infarct cortex.Axonal regeneration and rewiring depend on complex cell-cell interactions between axons,oligodendrocytes,and other cells.The RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in axon growth/regeneration through interactions with myelin-derived axonal growth inhibitors and regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics.Oligodendrocytes and their precursors play a role in myelination,and neurons are involved through their voltage-gated calcium channels.Understanding the pathophysiology of injury and the biology of motor tract reorganization may allow the development of therapies to enhance recovery after acute central nervous system injury.These include targeted rehabilitation,novel pharmacotherapies,such as growth factors and axonal growth inhibitor blockade,and the implementation of neurotechnologies,such as central nervous system stimulators and robotics.The translation of these advances depends on careful alignment of preclinical studies and human clinical trials.As experimental data mount,the future is one of optimism.
文摘Many early Japanese books record a large amount of information,including historical politics,economics,culture,and so on,which are all valuable legacies.These books are waiting to be reorganized at the moment.However,a large amount of the books are described by Kuzushiji,a type of handwriting cursive script that is no longer in use today and only readable by a few experts.Therefore,researchers are trying to detect and recognise the characters from these books through modern techniques.Unfortunately,the characteristics of the Kuzushiji,such as Connect-Separate-characters and Manyvariation,hinder the modern technique assisted re-organisation.Connect-Separatecharacters refer to the case of some characters connecting each other or one character being separated into unconnected parts,which makes character detection hard.Manyvariation is one of the typical characteristics of Kuzushiji,defined as the case that the same character has several variations even if they are written by the same person in the same book at the same time,which increases the difficulty of character recognition.In this sense,this paper aims to construct an early Japanese book reorganisation system by combining image processing and deep learning techniques.The experimentation has been done by testing two early Japanese books.In terms of character detection,the final Recall,Precision and F-value reaches 79.8%,80.3%,and 80.0%,respectively.The deep learning based character recognition accuracy of Top3 reaches 69.52%,and the highest recognition rate reaches 82.57%,which verifies the effectiveness of our proposal.
文摘Standards and specifications are the premise of integrated reorganization of science specimen data, and data integration is the core of the reorganization. ETL [1] which is the abbreviation of extract, transform, and load [2], is very suitable for data integration. Kettle is a kind of ETL software. In this paper, it has been introduced into the integrated reorganization of science specimen data. Multi-source and heterogeneous specimen data are integrated using kettle, and good results have been achieved. It proved the effectiveness of kettle in the integrated reorganization of science specimen data. The application has practical significance, and the method can be referenced when reorganizing other resource data.
文摘The Big Four is the name given to the top four professional consultancy firms of the world namely Pw C(Price Waterhouse Coopers), KPMG, Ernst and Young and Deloitte. These firms provide audit, accounting, taxation, financial and other professional consultancy to the clients(being businesses and companies). The paper discusses the reasons for the formation of the Big Four and the future aspects of the big four. It was found that the current market structure and the existing status of the Big Four will not change in the near future and there is near to impossible chances of new entrants in the auditing and accounting markets because of barriers to entry established by the Big Four in the existing market.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
文摘Reported here are several new calculation methods for the inner-sphere reorganization energy of hydrated metal ions involved in electron transfer processes.It is based on the self-exchange model of reorganization and utilizes the more exact potential functions between central metal ion and the inner-sphere ligands.The parameters involved are determined via the spectroscopic and thermodynamic data.The predictions of the inner-sphere reorganization energies from those models agree well with the photoemission experimental results.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172114,41772102 and 41402171)National Science Foundation of the United States(EAR 1620595)the China Scholarship Council(201706455043).
文摘Tectonic transition from a syn-rift stage to subsequent post-rift stage is an important mechanism in the evolution of extensional basins.The sedimentary infill records the crustal response to this process.We have obtained new detrital zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf signatures from the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic successions encompassing the commonly accepted syn-to post-rift transition boundary,the T4 unconformity,in the Songliao Basin,NE China.These constrain the Songliao Basin’s evolution from its center to distal margins,providing insights into the sediment provenance and dispersal pattern over the tectonic transition.Analysis of zircons from the syn-rift(the Shahezi and Yingcheng formations)and immediate post-rift(the Lower and Middle Denglouku Formation)stages reveals Phanerozoic age populations with positiveƐHf(t)values,which were derived from the proximal juvenile mantle-derived melt origin bedrocks of the Songliao Block.In contrast,the overlying samples from the Upper Denglouku Formation deposited in the subsequent post-rift stage contain exotic and ancient zircon populations with ages of 2.5 Ga&1.8 Ga and complex hafnium signatures,characteristic of a mixed origin.These are interpreted to be transported from distant cratonic terranes via larger drainage networks.It is obvious that the sediment dispersal pattern switched from being a local and hydrologically closed“intraregional”pattern to a“transcontinental”pattern during the transition.The time lag between the development of the T4 unconformity and the drainage reorganization also ensures a distinguishable3 Myr(106103 Ma,Late Albian)transition period of regional extent.During this transition stage,syn-rift faulting was replaced by postrift thermal subsidence,exhibiting a uniform sag configuration.Our new findings are important for understanding other continental rift basins during syn-to post-rift transition,which often demonstrates a complex interaction between the linkage and integration of sub-basins,and the reorganization of fluvial drainages and catchment systems.
基金This work was supported by the NSFC(21501096,22075223)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK20150086,BK20201120)+1 种基金the Foundation of the Jiangsu Education Committee(15KJB150020)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(JY-087)and the Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province.
文摘Although molybdenum disulfide (MoS_(2))-based materials are generally known as active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the inert performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) seriously limits their wide applications in alkaline electrolyzers due to there exists too strong metal-sulfur (M−S) bond in MoS_(2). Herein, by means of surface reorganization engineering of bimetal Al, Co-doped MoS_(2) (devoted as AlCo_(3)-MoS_(2)) through in situ substituting partial oxidation, we successfully significantly activate the OER activity of MoS_(2), which affords a considerably low overpotential of 323 mV at −30 mA cm^(−2), far lower than those of MoS_(2), Al-MoS_(2) and Co-MoS_(2) catalysts. Essentially, the AlCo_(3)-MoS_(2) substrate produces lots of M−O (M=Al, Co and Mo) species with oxygen vacancies, which trigger the surface self-reconstruction of pre-catalysts and simultaneously boost the electrocatalytic OER activity. Moreover, benefiting from the moderate M−O species formed on the surface, the redistribution of surface electron states is induced, thus optimizing the adsorption of OH* and OOH* intermediates on metal oxyhydroxides and awakening the OER activity of MoS_(2).
文摘Based on the capture force field potential model and the adiabatic invariant proposed by Bates, adopting improved average dipole orientation (IADO) theory, the force constants between transition metal ions and benzene (bz) and also a series of inner-sphere reoganization energy (REin) were calculated. The reasons for the differences between theoretical predictions and experimental results were discussed.
文摘This paper demonstrates how modern technologies, especially the Internet, are transforming the nature of the service sector, leading to extensive resource reorganizations and integrations, and fundamentally challenging traditional theories on service-based economy, e.g., the assumption that the service sector is inefficient no longer holds true, it is difficult for the neoclassical price theory to explain service price formation and people's consumption rationality has changed. Meanwhile, economic issues associated with the Internet, such as Internet economics, platform economics and information product pricing, also need to be investigated. Theoretical research and innovations also need to be carried out to investigate questions like how to protect privacy without preventing the use of data, as well as the complexities of "cultural and psychological consumption."
文摘A new ab-initio method of computing reorganization energy (RE) for the electrontransfer (ET) reaction between M-H and M+-H system is presented. Values of RE from precise REdefinition and the George-Griffith-Marcus (GGM) model were obtained and compared with the REobtained from the experimental spectroscopic data. Results show that in the gaseous phase, ETreactions by the new method can give better values than classical GGM model.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government, No. KRF-2008-314-E00173
文摘Perilesional reorganization is an important recovery mechanism for stroke patients because it yields good motor outcomes. However, perilesional reorganization remains poorly understood. The scientific basis for stroke rehabilitation can be established when detailed mechanisms of recovery are clarified. In addition, studies at the subcortical level remain in the early stages. Therefore, the present study suggested that additional investigations should focus on perilesional reorganization at the subcortical level, identifying the critical period for this mechanism and determining treatment strategies and modalities to facilitate development. The present study reviews literature focused on perilesional reorganization in stroke patients with regard to demonstration, clinical characteristics, and rehabilitative aspects, as well as previous studies of perilesional reorganization at cortical and subcortical levels.
基金the Korea Research Foundation funded by the Korean Government, No.KRF-2008-314-E00173
文摘Peri-lesional reorganization is one of the motor recovery mechanisms following stroke. A 23-year-old female who presented with complete paralysis of the right extremities at the onset of infarct in the left middle cerebral artery territory was included.She slowly recovered some function, and could extend the affected knee with resistance after 9 months.Diffusion tensor tractography, functional MRI,and transcranial magnetic stimulation testing were performed at 7 years after onset. Results showed that diffusion tensor tractography of the affected(left) hemisphere passed through the medial corona radiata at,or around,the wall of the lateral ventricle.The contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex was activated during affected knee movements.The motor-evoked potential, which was obtained from the affected leg,exhibited corticospinal tract characteristics.Results indicated that motor function of the affected leg recovered via the corticospinal tract,which descended through the corona radiata medial to the infarct.The motor function of the affected leg was reorganized to the medial corona radiata following infarct to the middle cerebral artery territory.
