The present study investigates the influence of cultural factors in 2022 on the capital structure of global retailers.There are sixteen retailers from eight countries in the sample.In recent times,numerous academician...The present study investigates the influence of cultural factors in 2022 on the capital structure of global retailers.There are sixteen retailers from eight countries in the sample.In recent times,numerous academicians have taken an interest in examining the capital structure and business model of retailers,owing to their swift and consistent growth.However,the fact that the majority of research originates from the retailers’host country gives rise to debate regarding the applicability of the capital structure of said retailers to countries with distinct cultural environments.Consequently,academics have begun to investigate whether the capital structure of multinational retailers is impacted by the diversity of national cultures.展开更多
In the process of my country’s energy transition,the clean energy of hydropower,wind power and photovoltaic power generation has ushered in great development,but due to the randomness and volatility of its output,it ...In the process of my country’s energy transition,the clean energy of hydropower,wind power and photovoltaic power generation has ushered in great development,but due to the randomness and volatility of its output,it has caused a certain waste of clean energy power generation resources.Regarding the purchase and sale of electricity by electricity retailers under the condition of limited clean energy consumption,this paper establishes a quantitative model of clean energy restricted electricity fromthe perspective of power system supply and demand balance.Then it analyzes the source-charge dual uncertain factors in the electricity retailer purchasing and selling scenarios in the mid-to long-term electricity market and the day-ahead market.Through the multi-scenario analysis method,the uncertain clean energy consumption and the user’s power demand are combined to form the electricity retailer’s electricity purchase and sales scene,and the typical scene is obtained by using the hierarchical clustering algorithm.This paper establishes a electricity retailer’s risk decisionmodel for purchasing and selling electricity in themid-and long-term market and reduce-abandonment market,and takes the maximum profit expectation of the electricity retailer frompurchasing and selling electricity as the objective function.At the same time,in themediumand longterm electricity market and the day-ahead market,the electricity retailer’s purchase cost,electricity sales income,deviation assessment cost and electricity purchase and sale risk are considered.The molecular results show that electricity retailers can obtain considerable profits in the reduce-abandonment market by optimizing their own electricity purchase and sales strategies,on the premise of balancing profits and risks.展开更多
In recent years,O2O e-commerce,represented by online group-buying,has developed vigorously,which had significant impacts on urban commercial space.Zhengzhou City is a rising national central city in China,and its e-co...In recent years,O2O e-commerce,represented by online group-buying,has developed vigorously,which had significant impacts on urban commercial space.Zhengzhou City is a rising national central city in China,and its e-commerce development level is ahead,but relevant researches are rare.Therefore,the data of online retailers of Meituan.com was collected and combined with Baidu map and Baidu heat map data.Then,we adopted the methods such as spatial statistics and geodetector to explore the geography and determinants of O2O online retailers in Zhengzhou urban area.The main conclusions are 1)The spatial development of O2O online retailers is characterized by significant global high-value agglomeration.2)The agglomeration areas of different types of O2O online retailers are different.Most of them are concentrated in the old urban area within the Third Ring Road of Zhengzhou City,forming five comprehensive agglomeration areas.3)The areas with the high e-commerce development level are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest of the x-shaped region formed by the intersection of Lianyungang-Lanzhou and Beijing-Guangzhou railways.Erqi Square and Guomao 360 Plaza are at the highest development level,followed by Zhongyuan Wanda Plaza and Daxue Middle Road.The development level at other areas is relatively low.4)Zhengzhou’s O2O commercial pattern is highly dependent on physical business.The population distribution,especially the population distribution during the nightlife period,plays a vital role in its spatial development,followed by accessibility.The influences of physical distance are slightly larger than that of time cost,but the difference between them is little.In addition,travelling costs have the least impact.This paper could provide certain references for urban commercial planning.展开更多
Under partial trade credit,suppliers usually require retailers to pay a fraction of the purchase cost immediately when ordering and the remaining payment is deferred at the end of the sales period.Considering a supply...Under partial trade credit,suppliers usually require retailers to pay a fraction of the purchase cost immediately when ordering and the remaining payment is deferred at the end of the sales period.Considering a supply chain consisting of a risk-neutral supplier and multiple loss-averse retailers,we develop models under partial trade credit.We analyze the optimal decisions of a supplier and retailers under decentralized decision-making.The study shows that there is a unique Nash equilibrium among the retailers,and the optimal total order quantity of retailers increases as the delayed payment ratio increases and as the degree of retailers'competition increases,but decreases with an increase in the loss aversion.Numerical studies are conducted to demonstrate the solution procedures and the effects of the parameters on decisions and profits.展开更多
Recently, price contract models between suppliers and retailers, with stochastic demand have been analyzed based on well-known newsvendor problems. In Bernstein and Federgruen [6], they have analyzed a contract model ...Recently, price contract models between suppliers and retailers, with stochastic demand have been analyzed based on well-known newsvendor problems. In Bernstein and Federgruen [6], they have analyzed a contract model with single supplier and multiples retailers and price dependent demand, where retailers compete on retail prices. Each retailer decides a number of products he procures from the supplier and his retail price to maximize his own profit. This is achieved after giving the wholesale and buy-back prices, which are determined by the supplier as the supplier’s profit is maximized. Bernstein and Federgruen have proved that the retail prices become a unique Nash equilibrium solution under weak conditions on the price dependent distribution of demand. The authors, however, have not mentioned the numerical values and proprieties on these retail prices, the number of products and their individual and overall profits. In this paper, we analyze the model numerically. We first indicate some numerical problems with respect to theorem of Nash equilibrium solutions, which Bernstein and Federgruen proved, and we show their modified results. Then, we compute numerically Nash equilibrium prices, optimal wholesale and buy-back prices for the supplier’s and retailers’ profits, and supply chain optimal retailers’ prices. We also discuss properties on relation between these values and the demand distribution.展开更多
New York Times reported on November 20 that when you browsed Anthropologie’s stores, you would feel as if you’re wandering through an artsy home, where there are sure to be closets full of eclectic outfits, bedrooms...New York Times reported on November 20 that when you browsed Anthropologie’s stores, you would feel as if you’re wandering through an artsy home, where there are sure to be closets full of eclectic outfits, bedrooms with bohemian quilts and kitchen tables with展开更多
On April 13,the judiciary of Brazil St.Paul under the help of the local police suddenly confiscated the wholesales market of Chinese clothing,located at Street 25 of the shopping center. In all,48 Chinese dealers were...On April 13,the judiciary of Brazil St.Paul under the help of the local police suddenly confiscated the wholesales market of Chinese clothing,located at Street 25 of the shopping center. In all,48 Chinese dealers were seized under allegation展开更多
In contemporary entrepreneurial environment based on customer retention,the growth of the Internet has pushed the most dynamic businesses to compete in the electronic market.The recent evolvement of the Internet as a ...In contemporary entrepreneurial environment based on customer retention,the growth of the Internet has pushed the most dynamic businesses to compete in the electronic market.The recent evolvement of the Internet as a new major distribution channel has obtained much attention,as the online channel calls the viability of traditional stationary retailing into question.Today,since innovation is a key factor in the Digital Age,the presence in the digital marketplace is essential for retailers,also in the food retailing.The paper aims to analyze the online commerce for food groceries and compare the evolution from 2017 to 2019.The sample represents the 99%of Italian brands of brick and mortar supermarkets and hypermarket.The first study was conducted in 2017,after two years the paper has analyzed the same sample and reported how many groceries retailers have adopted the online selling.Through the visit of every Internet site and some interviews to managers,this paper proposes the reasons why only a limited number of grocery brands sell food over Internet.Moreover,this paper calculates the cost(in Italy)to prepare the expense and satisfy the order of a customer.Characteristics of goods(freshness,perishability,cold chain warranty,etc.),expensive operations needed to prepare the delivery,the cost of delivery,and difficult reverse logistics are the main causes of low adoption of e-commerce.Online groceries retailers are concentrated around big cities in particular in the north Italy(Milan,Turin,Genoa,etc.).Expense is prepared inside the retail by the employees.Some shops use the drive-in model and only a limited number of cases deliver to home.The few cases of food e-commerce offer the delivery only in a limited area of big cities.At the end,this paper demonstrates the logistics cost(picking,packing and transport)in Italy is higher than the price of the service and this strategy isn’t profitable for companies.展开更多
This paper evaluates the influence that information processing routes have on omni-shopping behavior,as well as analyzing the consequences of this behavior for retailers through a cognitive-affective approach.A sample...This paper evaluates the influence that information processing routes have on omni-shopping behavior,as well as analyzing the consequences of this behavior for retailers through a cognitive-affective approach.A sample of 705 mobile phone users was used for this purpose.The results obtained using the binomial logit model in a first phase and later with an application of structural equations,reflect that omni-shoppers have a more planned purchasing behavior than those who develop a one-stop shopping behavior.They search for information in a rational and deep way,spending time and effort.As for the consequences that the omni-channel behavior has for retailers,it has been found that those omni-shoppers who experience negative emotions with the retailer,have a low perceived value of the company and their satisfaction will also be negative.展开更多
With increasing public environmental awareness,green activities in retail and distribution processes have become crucial tools for retailers to boost demand and enhance competitiveness.This study develops an analytica...With increasing public environmental awareness,green activities in retail and distribution processes have become crucial tools for retailers to boost demand and enhance competitiveness.This study develops an analytical model to study the green investment choices of two differentiated retailers dealing with a common green manufacturer.It also explores the impacts of these investment choices on the manufacturer's operational decisions,channel efficiency,consumer welfare,and the environment.We derive three main results.First,the powerful retailer always favors green investments,whereas the less powerful(inferior)retailer may either prefer or avoid green investments.The fiercer the interretailer competition,the lower the willingness of the inferior retailer to introduce green investments.Second,although all supply chain parties may disagree on their preferences for retailers'green investments,a bilateral green investment(i.e.,both retailers make green investments)can reach an incentive alignment for all firms if the differentiation between retailers is low enough and the competition between them is not substantially fierce.Moreover,a bilateral green investment improves consumer welfare and channel efficiency because of the great demand expansion and double marginalization reduction.Third,the retailers'green investments can motivate the manufacturer to produce greener products,but they do not necessarily benefit the environment.We show that the supply chain's economic sustainability aligns with its environmental sustainability only if the environmental improvement efficiency of green investments is substantially high.We further examine the impact of retailers with differentiated green investment abilities and the manufacturer's green investment efficiency to verify the robustness of the main results.展开更多
The popularization of smartphones and the acceleration of their replacement lead to a surge in mobile phone disposal.How to recycle waste mobile phones efficiently becomes a major problem in today’s society.The“Inte...The popularization of smartphones and the acceleration of their replacement lead to a surge in mobile phone disposal.How to recycle waste mobile phones efficiently becomes a major problem in today’s society.The“Internet+”recycling mode is an effective way to solve this problem.The recycling process of waste mobile phones involves retailers,manufacturers,third parties and other recycling parts.Retailers have natural advantages compared with other parts because of their perfect sales network and logistics system.The system dynamics model for“Internet+”recycling of waste mobile phones dominated by retailers is constructed,and the Vensim software is used to simulate the influence of changes in two key factors in“Internet+”recycling environment:Annual operating cost of online platform and offline unit logistics cost on retailers’recycling volume and recycling profit.The results show that the investment of online platform operation cost is conducive to the increase of retailers’online waste mobile phone recycling volume and recycling profit,while the investment of offline logistics cost increases retailers’online waste mobile phone recycling volume,but reduces the recycling profit.展开更多
China Sees Rising Retail Sales in Q1 China’s retail sales of consumer goods,a major indicator of the country’s consumption strength,climbed 4.7 percent year on year in the first quarter of 2024.The figure was slight...China Sees Rising Retail Sales in Q1 China’s retail sales of consumer goods,a major indicator of the country’s consumption strength,climbed 4.7 percent year on year in the first quarter of 2024.The figure was slightly lower than the 5.5 percent rise registered during the January-February period,according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS).展开更多
According to Nation Commercial Information Center of China , the cumulative growth of apparel retail sales value from January to June was 9.82%, compared to the same period in the last year(21.81%) decreased by 12% . ...According to Nation Commercial Information Center of China , the cumulative growth of apparel retail sales value from January to June was 9.82%, compared to the same period in the last year(21.81%) decreased by 12% . It is worth noting that, the cumulative growth of apparel retail sales volume from January to June was only 0.99%.This means that the apparel retail sales growth mostly from price’s increasing. The reporter learned that, the cumulative growth of apparel retail sales in the first half of last year more than 20%,but展开更多
The change of customer behaviors and the fluctuation of spot prices can affect the benefits of electricity retailers.To address this issue,an incentive-based demand response(DR)model involving the utility and elastici...The change of customer behaviors and the fluctuation of spot prices can affect the benefits of electricity retailers.To address this issue,an incentive-based demand response(DR)model involving the utility and elasticity of customers is proposed for maximizing the benefits of retailers.The benefits will increase by triggering an incentive price to influence customer behaviors to change their demand consumptions.The optimal reduction of customers is obtained by their own profit optimization model with a certain incentive price.Then,the sensitivity of incentive price on retailers’benefits is analyzed and the optimal incentive price is obtained according to the DR model.The case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
In this paper, a multi-stage stochastic model is presented for a renewable distributed generation(RDG)-owning retailer to determine the trading strategies existing in a competitive electricity market. Uncertainties as...In this paper, a multi-stage stochastic model is presented for a renewable distributed generation(RDG)-owning retailer to determine the trading strategies existing in a competitive electricity market. Uncertainties associated with wholesale electricity market price, clients' consumption and power output of wind resources are considered through auto regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) approach. In the proposed method, three trading floors are addressed for the retailer to hedge against the uncertainties. In the first stage, the retailer participates in day-ahead market to supply the clients and in the second stage, intraday market is addressed to allow the retailer to modify the schedule of its clients' consumption/RDG production. Due to unfavorable uncertainties, especially in renewable power production, real-time market is considered in the third stage to diminish the uncertainty at power delivery time. Cost function of wind resources considering capital, operation and maintenance(O&M) cost is incorporated in the objective function to increase the applicability of the mechanism. The proposed approach is formulated for risk-averse and risk-taker retailer through conditional value at risk(CVaR) approach. In order to study the impact of retail strategies on consumption patternand consumers' electricity bills, time-of-use(TOU)demand response programs are discussed in this paper.Formulating the problem, the mixed integer non-linear programming(MILNP) problem is transformed into mixed integer linear programming(MILP) by jointly using decomposition and disjunctive constraints. Finally, a case study containing wind power resources, energy storage system and retailer is considered to analyze the proficiency of the proposed approach.展开更多
文摘The present study investigates the influence of cultural factors in 2022 on the capital structure of global retailers.There are sixteen retailers from eight countries in the sample.In recent times,numerous academicians have taken an interest in examining the capital structure and business model of retailers,owing to their swift and consistent growth.However,the fact that the majority of research originates from the retailers’host country gives rise to debate regarding the applicability of the capital structure of said retailers to countries with distinct cultural environments.Consequently,academics have begun to investigate whether the capital structure of multinational retailers is impacted by the diversity of national cultures.
文摘In the process of my country’s energy transition,the clean energy of hydropower,wind power and photovoltaic power generation has ushered in great development,but due to the randomness and volatility of its output,it has caused a certain waste of clean energy power generation resources.Regarding the purchase and sale of electricity by electricity retailers under the condition of limited clean energy consumption,this paper establishes a quantitative model of clean energy restricted electricity fromthe perspective of power system supply and demand balance.Then it analyzes the source-charge dual uncertain factors in the electricity retailer purchasing and selling scenarios in the mid-to long-term electricity market and the day-ahead market.Through the multi-scenario analysis method,the uncertain clean energy consumption and the user’s power demand are combined to form the electricity retailer’s electricity purchase and sales scene,and the typical scene is obtained by using the hierarchical clustering algorithm.This paper establishes a electricity retailer’s risk decisionmodel for purchasing and selling electricity in themid-and long-term market and reduce-abandonment market,and takes the maximum profit expectation of the electricity retailer frompurchasing and selling electricity as the objective function.At the same time,in themediumand longterm electricity market and the day-ahead market,the electricity retailer’s purchase cost,electricity sales income,deviation assessment cost and electricity purchase and sale risk are considered.The molecular results show that electricity retailers can obtain considerable profits in the reduce-abandonment market by optimizing their own electricity purchase and sales strategies,on the premise of balancing profits and risks.
基金Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Education Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41701141)Henan Province(No.2020-ZZJH-483,2021-ZZJH-416)+1 种基金Philosophy and Social Science Project of Henan Province(No.2019BTY011)Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(No.212102310435)。
文摘In recent years,O2O e-commerce,represented by online group-buying,has developed vigorously,which had significant impacts on urban commercial space.Zhengzhou City is a rising national central city in China,and its e-commerce development level is ahead,but relevant researches are rare.Therefore,the data of online retailers of Meituan.com was collected and combined with Baidu map and Baidu heat map data.Then,we adopted the methods such as spatial statistics and geodetector to explore the geography and determinants of O2O online retailers in Zhengzhou urban area.The main conclusions are 1)The spatial development of O2O online retailers is characterized by significant global high-value agglomeration.2)The agglomeration areas of different types of O2O online retailers are different.Most of them are concentrated in the old urban area within the Third Ring Road of Zhengzhou City,forming five comprehensive agglomeration areas.3)The areas with the high e-commerce development level are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest of the x-shaped region formed by the intersection of Lianyungang-Lanzhou and Beijing-Guangzhou railways.Erqi Square and Guomao 360 Plaza are at the highest development level,followed by Zhongyuan Wanda Plaza and Daxue Middle Road.The development level at other areas is relatively low.4)Zhengzhou’s O2O commercial pattern is highly dependent on physical business.The population distribution,especially the population distribution during the nightlife period,plays a vital role in its spatial development,followed by accessibility.The influences of physical distance are slightly larger than that of time cost,but the difference between them is little.In addition,travelling costs have the least impact.This paper could provide certain references for urban commercial planning.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.1971053)Plan Project of Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science,China(No.2017BGL014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Under partial trade credit,suppliers usually require retailers to pay a fraction of the purchase cost immediately when ordering and the remaining payment is deferred at the end of the sales period.Considering a supply chain consisting of a risk-neutral supplier and multiple loss-averse retailers,we develop models under partial trade credit.We analyze the optimal decisions of a supplier and retailers under decentralized decision-making.The study shows that there is a unique Nash equilibrium among the retailers,and the optimal total order quantity of retailers increases as the delayed payment ratio increases and as the degree of retailers'competition increases,but decreases with an increase in the loss aversion.Numerical studies are conducted to demonstrate the solution procedures and the effects of the parameters on decisions and profits.
文摘Recently, price contract models between suppliers and retailers, with stochastic demand have been analyzed based on well-known newsvendor problems. In Bernstein and Federgruen [6], they have analyzed a contract model with single supplier and multiples retailers and price dependent demand, where retailers compete on retail prices. Each retailer decides a number of products he procures from the supplier and his retail price to maximize his own profit. This is achieved after giving the wholesale and buy-back prices, which are determined by the supplier as the supplier’s profit is maximized. Bernstein and Federgruen have proved that the retail prices become a unique Nash equilibrium solution under weak conditions on the price dependent distribution of demand. The authors, however, have not mentioned the numerical values and proprieties on these retail prices, the number of products and their individual and overall profits. In this paper, we analyze the model numerically. We first indicate some numerical problems with respect to theorem of Nash equilibrium solutions, which Bernstein and Federgruen proved, and we show their modified results. Then, we compute numerically Nash equilibrium prices, optimal wholesale and buy-back prices for the supplier’s and retailers’ profits, and supply chain optimal retailers’ prices. We also discuss properties on relation between these values and the demand distribution.
文摘New York Times reported on November 20 that when you browsed Anthropologie’s stores, you would feel as if you’re wandering through an artsy home, where there are sure to be closets full of eclectic outfits, bedrooms with bohemian quilts and kitchen tables with
文摘On April 13,the judiciary of Brazil St.Paul under the help of the local police suddenly confiscated the wholesales market of Chinese clothing,located at Street 25 of the shopping center. In all,48 Chinese dealers were seized under allegation
文摘In contemporary entrepreneurial environment based on customer retention,the growth of the Internet has pushed the most dynamic businesses to compete in the electronic market.The recent evolvement of the Internet as a new major distribution channel has obtained much attention,as the online channel calls the viability of traditional stationary retailing into question.Today,since innovation is a key factor in the Digital Age,the presence in the digital marketplace is essential for retailers,also in the food retailing.The paper aims to analyze the online commerce for food groceries and compare the evolution from 2017 to 2019.The sample represents the 99%of Italian brands of brick and mortar supermarkets and hypermarket.The first study was conducted in 2017,after two years the paper has analyzed the same sample and reported how many groceries retailers have adopted the online selling.Through the visit of every Internet site and some interviews to managers,this paper proposes the reasons why only a limited number of grocery brands sell food over Internet.Moreover,this paper calculates the cost(in Italy)to prepare the expense and satisfy the order of a customer.Characteristics of goods(freshness,perishability,cold chain warranty,etc.),expensive operations needed to prepare the delivery,the cost of delivery,and difficult reverse logistics are the main causes of low adoption of e-commerce.Online groceries retailers are concentrated around big cities in particular in the north Italy(Milan,Turin,Genoa,etc.).Expense is prepared inside the retail by the employees.Some shops use the drive-in model and only a limited number of cases deliver to home.The few cases of food e-commerce offer the delivery only in a limited area of big cities.At the end,this paper demonstrates the logistics cost(picking,packing and transport)in Italy is higher than the price of the service and this strategy isn’t profitable for companies.
文摘This paper evaluates the influence that information processing routes have on omni-shopping behavior,as well as analyzing the consequences of this behavior for retailers through a cognitive-affective approach.A sample of 705 mobile phone users was used for this purpose.The results obtained using the binomial logit model in a first phase and later with an application of structural equations,reflect that omni-shoppers have a more planned purchasing behavior than those who develop a one-stop shopping behavior.They search for information in a rational and deep way,spending time and effort.As for the consequences that the omni-channel behavior has for retailers,it has been found that those omni-shoppers who experience negative emotions with the retailer,have a low perceived value of the company and their satisfaction will also be negative.
文摘With increasing public environmental awareness,green activities in retail and distribution processes have become crucial tools for retailers to boost demand and enhance competitiveness.This study develops an analytical model to study the green investment choices of two differentiated retailers dealing with a common green manufacturer.It also explores the impacts of these investment choices on the manufacturer's operational decisions,channel efficiency,consumer welfare,and the environment.We derive three main results.First,the powerful retailer always favors green investments,whereas the less powerful(inferior)retailer may either prefer or avoid green investments.The fiercer the interretailer competition,the lower the willingness of the inferior retailer to introduce green investments.Second,although all supply chain parties may disagree on their preferences for retailers'green investments,a bilateral green investment(i.e.,both retailers make green investments)can reach an incentive alignment for all firms if the differentiation between retailers is low enough and the competition between them is not substantially fierce.Moreover,a bilateral green investment improves consumer welfare and channel efficiency because of the great demand expansion and double marginalization reduction.Third,the retailers'green investments can motivate the manufacturer to produce greener products,but they do not necessarily benefit the environment.We show that the supply chain's economic sustainability aligns with its environmental sustainability only if the environmental improvement efficiency of green investments is substantially high.We further examine the impact of retailers with differentiated green investment abilities and the manufacturer's green investment efficiency to verify the robustness of the main results.
基金Supported by National Social Science Foundation“Research on the Innovation and Promotion Strategy of China’s E-waste Recycling Model under the‘Internet+’Strategy”(18BGL182)。
文摘The popularization of smartphones and the acceleration of their replacement lead to a surge in mobile phone disposal.How to recycle waste mobile phones efficiently becomes a major problem in today’s society.The“Internet+”recycling mode is an effective way to solve this problem.The recycling process of waste mobile phones involves retailers,manufacturers,third parties and other recycling parts.Retailers have natural advantages compared with other parts because of their perfect sales network and logistics system.The system dynamics model for“Internet+”recycling of waste mobile phones dominated by retailers is constructed,and the Vensim software is used to simulate the influence of changes in two key factors in“Internet+”recycling environment:Annual operating cost of online platform and offline unit logistics cost on retailers’recycling volume and recycling profit.The results show that the investment of online platform operation cost is conducive to the increase of retailers’online waste mobile phone recycling volume and recycling profit,while the investment of offline logistics cost increases retailers’online waste mobile phone recycling volume,but reduces the recycling profit.
文摘China Sees Rising Retail Sales in Q1 China’s retail sales of consumer goods,a major indicator of the country’s consumption strength,climbed 4.7 percent year on year in the first quarter of 2024.The figure was slightly lower than the 5.5 percent rise registered during the January-February period,according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS).
文摘According to Nation Commercial Information Center of China , the cumulative growth of apparel retail sales value from January to June was 9.82%, compared to the same period in the last year(21.81%) decreased by 12% . It is worth noting that, the cumulative growth of apparel retail sales volume from January to June was only 0.99%.This means that the apparel retail sales growth mostly from price’s increasing. The reporter learned that, the cumulative growth of apparel retail sales in the first half of last year more than 20%,but
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51807127)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China opment Program of China(No.2018YFB0905200).(No.YJ201654)in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0905200).
文摘The change of customer behaviors and the fluctuation of spot prices can affect the benefits of electricity retailers.To address this issue,an incentive-based demand response(DR)model involving the utility and elasticity of customers is proposed for maximizing the benefits of retailers.The benefits will increase by triggering an incentive price to influence customer behaviors to change their demand consumptions.The optimal reduction of customers is obtained by their own profit optimization model with a certain incentive price.Then,the sensitivity of incentive price on retailers’benefits is analyzed and the optimal incentive price is obtained according to the DR model.The case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.
文摘In this paper, a multi-stage stochastic model is presented for a renewable distributed generation(RDG)-owning retailer to determine the trading strategies existing in a competitive electricity market. Uncertainties associated with wholesale electricity market price, clients' consumption and power output of wind resources are considered through auto regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) approach. In the proposed method, three trading floors are addressed for the retailer to hedge against the uncertainties. In the first stage, the retailer participates in day-ahead market to supply the clients and in the second stage, intraday market is addressed to allow the retailer to modify the schedule of its clients' consumption/RDG production. Due to unfavorable uncertainties, especially in renewable power production, real-time market is considered in the third stage to diminish the uncertainty at power delivery time. Cost function of wind resources considering capital, operation and maintenance(O&M) cost is incorporated in the objective function to increase the applicability of the mechanism. The proposed approach is formulated for risk-averse and risk-taker retailer through conditional value at risk(CVaR) approach. In order to study the impact of retail strategies on consumption patternand consumers' electricity bills, time-of-use(TOU)demand response programs are discussed in this paper.Formulating the problem, the mixed integer non-linear programming(MILNP) problem is transformed into mixed integer linear programming(MILP) by jointly using decomposition and disjunctive constraints. Finally, a case study containing wind power resources, energy storage system and retailer is considered to analyze the proficiency of the proposed approach.
