通过对松嫩平原玉米田土壤CO2排放的连续观测,研究连作玉米田土壤CO2排放规律及与土壤温度、土壤水分的关系,并计算玉米田土壤碳平衡特征。结果表明,玉米田土壤CO2排放通量呈现明显季节性,6~8月土壤CO2排放量较大,而在4和11月维持较低...通过对松嫩平原玉米田土壤CO2排放的连续观测,研究连作玉米田土壤CO2排放规律及与土壤温度、土壤水分的关系,并计算玉米田土壤碳平衡特征。结果表明,玉米田土壤CO2排放通量呈现明显季节性,6~8月土壤CO2排放量较大,而在4和11月维持较低水平。秸秆还田处理（MTS）土壤CO2排放通量、最大通量和平均通量高于翻耕处理（CT）。土壤CO2排放通量与地温呈显著正相关,指数方程表征二者关系效果最佳,线性方程效果最低,除个别情况,深层土壤拟合效果高于浅层土壤;MTS处理的土壤CO2排放通量与土壤温度相关性高于CT处理。土壤CO2排放通量与12 cm深度土壤水分相关性不显著。通过对秸秆、根茬还田碳与土壤CO2排放碳的测算,MTS处理秸秆还田碳量较CO2排放碳量平均每年多2 744.6 kg C·hm-2,呈碳汇效应;CT处理秸秆还田碳量较CO2排放碳量平均每年少810.4 kg C·hm-2,呈碳源效应。展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect and profitability of using the quantitative trait loci (QTL)-linked direct marker (DR marker) in gene-assisted selection (GAS). Methods: Three populations (100, 200, or 300 sows plus 1...Objective:To evaluate the effect and profitability of using the quantitative trait loci (QTL)-linked direct marker (DR marker) in gene-assisted selection (GAS). Methods: Three populations (100, 200, or 300 sows plus 10 boars within each group) with segregating QTL were simulated stochastically. Five economic traits were investigated, including number of born alive (NBA), average daily gain to 100 kg body weight (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), back fat at 100 kg body weight (BF) and intramuscular fat (IMF). Selection was based on the estimated breeding value (EBV) of each trait. The starting frequencies of the QTL's favorable allele were 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. The economic return was calculated by gene flow method. Results: The selection efficiency was higher than 100% when DR markers were used in GAS for 5 traits. The selection efficiency for NBA was the highest, and the lowest was for ADG whose QTL had the lowest variance. The mixed model applied DR markers and obtained higher extra genetic gain and extra economic returns. We also found that the lower the frequency of the favorable allele of the QTL, the higher the extra return obtained. Conclusion: GAS is an effective selection scheme to increase the genetic gain and the eco- nomic returns in pig breeding.展开更多
文摘通过对松嫩平原玉米田土壤CO2排放的连续观测,研究连作玉米田土壤CO2排放规律及与土壤温度、土壤水分的关系,并计算玉米田土壤碳平衡特征。结果表明,玉米田土壤CO2排放通量呈现明显季节性,6~8月土壤CO2排放量较大,而在4和11月维持较低水平。秸秆还田处理（MTS）土壤CO2排放通量、最大通量和平均通量高于翻耕处理（CT）。土壤CO2排放通量与地温呈显著正相关,指数方程表征二者关系效果最佳,线性方程效果最低,除个别情况,深层土壤拟合效果高于浅层土壤;MTS处理的土壤CO2排放通量与土壤温度相关性高于CT处理。土壤CO2排放通量与12 cm深度土壤水分相关性不显著。通过对秸秆、根茬还田碳与土壤CO2排放碳的测算,MTS处理秸秆还田碳量较CO2排放碳量平均每年多2 744.6 kg C·hm-2,呈碳汇效应;CT处理秸秆还田碳量较CO2排放碳量平均每年少810.4 kg C·hm-2,呈碳源效应。
基金Project (No. 30300249) supported by the Natural Science Foundationof Guangdong Province, China
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect and profitability of using the quantitative trait loci (QTL)-linked direct marker (DR marker) in gene-assisted selection (GAS). Methods: Three populations (100, 200, or 300 sows plus 10 boars within each group) with segregating QTL were simulated stochastically. Five economic traits were investigated, including number of born alive (NBA), average daily gain to 100 kg body weight (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), back fat at 100 kg body weight (BF) and intramuscular fat (IMF). Selection was based on the estimated breeding value (EBV) of each trait. The starting frequencies of the QTL's favorable allele were 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. The economic return was calculated by gene flow method. Results: The selection efficiency was higher than 100% when DR markers were used in GAS for 5 traits. The selection efficiency for NBA was the highest, and the lowest was for ADG whose QTL had the lowest variance. The mixed model applied DR markers and obtained higher extra genetic gain and extra economic returns. We also found that the lower the frequency of the favorable allele of the QTL, the higher the extra return obtained. Conclusion: GAS is an effective selection scheme to increase the genetic gain and the eco- nomic returns in pig breeding.
