The adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) on γ-MnOOH as a function of particle concentrations(C p) were studied. An obvious C p effect was observed in this adsorption system. The degree of adsorption hyster...The adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) on γ-MnOOH as a function of particle concentrations(C p) were studied. An obvious C p effect was observed in this adsorption system. The degree of adsorption hysteresis increased greatly with the increasing of C p, indicating that the extent of the real metastable-equilibrium states deviating from the ideal equilibrium state was enhanced with the increasing of C p. The C p-reversibility relationship confirmed the metastable-equilibrium adsorption(MEA) inequality(Pan, 1998a), which was the core formulation of the MEA theory. Because the MEA inequality was based on the basic hypothesis of MEA theory that adsorption density Γ is not a state variable, the C p-reversibility relationship gave indirect evidence to the basic hypothesis of MEA theory.展开更多
The global disease burden of diabetes mellitus is high. It is well-established that prediabetes is reversible but it is unclear whether diabetes is reversible once it has been diagnosed. The objective of this narrativ...The global disease burden of diabetes mellitus is high. It is well-established that prediabetes is reversible but it is unclear whether diabetes is reversible once it has been diagnosed. The objective of this narrative review is to review the evidence of reversibility of diabetes me-llitus and stimulate interest in prolonged remission as a treatment target. The current evidence for bariatric surgery is stronger than intensive medical management and the evidence is stronger for type 2 diabetes pa-tients compared with type 1 diabetes patients. It is also unclear whether non obese diabetes patients would benefit from such interventions and the duration of diabetes before diabetes become irreversible. Further research is needed in this area especially with regards to the subgroup of diabetes patient who will benefit from these interventions and the long term safety and efficacy remains unknown especially with intensive me-dical management.展开更多
Traditional O3-type Li-rich layered materials are attractive with ultra-high specific capacities,but suffering from inherent problems of voltage hysteresis and poor cycle performance.As an alternative,O2-type material...Traditional O3-type Li-rich layered materials are attractive with ultra-high specific capacities,but suffering from inherent problems of voltage hysteresis and poor cycle performance.As an alternative,O2-type materials show the potential to improve the oxygen redox reversibility and structural stability.However,their structure-performance relationship is still unclear.Here,we investigate the correlation between the Li component and dynamic chemical reversibility of O2-type Li-rich materials.By exploring the formation mechanism of a series of materials prepared by Na/Li exchange,we reveal that insufficient Li leads to an incomplete replacement,and the residual Na in the Li-layer would hinder the fast diffusion of Li^(+).Moreover,excessive Li induces the extraction of interlayer Li during the melting chemical reaction stage,resulting in a reduction in the valence of Mn,which leads to a severe Jahn-Teller effect.Structural detection confirms that the regulation of Li can improve the cycle stability of Li-rich materials and suppress the trend of voltage fading.The reversible phase evolution observed in in-situ X-ray diffraction confirms the excellent structural stability of the optimized material,which is conducive to capacity retention.This work highlights the significance of modulating dynamic electrochemical performance through the intrinsic structure.展开更多
Summary:Changes of maximum expiratory flow at 25%and 50%of vital capacity(MEF2s and MEFso,respectively),and predominant parameters indicating small airways function in asthmatics before and after bronchodilator(BD)rev...Summary:Changes of maximum expiratory flow at 25%and 50%of vital capacity(MEF2s and MEFso,respectively),and predominant parameters indicating small airways function in asthmatics before and after bronchodilator(BD)reversibility test have been less interpreted.Our study aimed to investigate the clinical role of changes of MEF2s and MEFso before and after BD reversibility test in diagnosing asthma.Forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV),MEF2s,and MEFso were measured before and after BD reversibility test in 207 asthmatic patients using standard process.Forty healthy individuals were enrolled as controls.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of reversibility of MEF2s and MEFgo before and after BD reversibility test(OMEF 2s%and AMEF so%,respectively)in diagnosing asthma.Among these functional criteria,AMEF2;%and 0MEFs%≥25%performed the best diagnostic performance.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of AMEF 25%≥25%as an objcctive diagnostic test for asthma were 63.29%,87.50%,and 67.21%,and of AMEFs0%≥25%were 79.23%,85.00%,and 80.16%,respectively.The area under the ROC curve of the indicators was 0.8203 and 0.9104,respectively.By contrast,an increase in FEV≥12%and 200 mL demonstrated a sensitivity of 62.32%,specificity of 82.50%,and accuracy of 65.59%in diagnosing asthma.The changes of MEF2s and MEFso before and after BD reversibility test may be of additional value in the clinical diagnosis of asthma,with cutoff values of 25%being the most.展开更多
The inevitability of arising in equations of kinetics and hydrodynamics irreversibility not contained in original equations of classic mechanics is substantiated. It is established that transfer of information about t...The inevitability of arising in equations of kinetics and hydrodynamics irreversibility not contained in original equations of classic mechanics is substantiated. It is established that transfer of information about the direction of system evolution from initial conditions to resulting equations is the consequence of losing information about the position of an individual particle in space, which takes place at roughening description. It is shown that the roughening with respect to impact parameters of colliding particles is responsible for appearance of the irreversibility in resulting equations. Direct equations of kinetics and hydrodynamics are the result of roughening distribution functions with respect to impact parameters of particles, which have not yet reached the domain of their interaction. The direct equations are valid for the progressive direction of timing on the time axis pointing from the past to the future. Reverse equations of kinetics and hydrodynamics are the result of roughening distribution functions with respect to impact parameters of particles, which have already left the domain of their interaction. The reverse equations are valid for the progressive direction of timing on the time axis pointing from the future to the past.展开更多
In the posited reversibility theory, 1) all physical laws and phenomena are permanently reversible, 2) all physical laws are derived from the reversible M-theory (extension of string theory) in the reversible multiver...In the posited reversibility theory, 1) all physical laws and phenomena are permanently reversible, 2) all physical laws are derived from the reversible M-theory (extension of string theory) in the reversible multiverse, and 3) temporary irreversible entropy increase is allowed through reversibility breaking, symmetry breaking, and low entropy beginning. Dealing with all physical laws and phenomena, the reversibility theory is the theory of everything, including thermodynamic, cosmology, the composition (baryonic matter, dark matter, and dark energy) in the universe, the periodic table of all elementary particles, the galaxy evolution, superconductivity, and black hole. In the reversible M-theory, space-time dimension number oscillates between 11D (space-time dimension) and 10D and between 10D and 4D. The reversible M-theory includes 11D membrane, 10D string, and variable D particle. Space-time dimension number between 10 and 4 decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. In our dual universe of positive-negative energy universe, the reversible oscillation between 10D with and 4D in the negative energy universe without kinetic energy is the reversible cyclic fractionalization-condensation for the reversible cyclic expansion-contraction of the universe. Without kinetic energy, the individual particles have no individual momenta for entropy increase. The negative energy universe is the locally reversible universe for dark energy. In the positive energy universe where we live, the absorption of the interuniversal void forced the direct transformation from 10D to 4D as the inflation followed by the Big Bang, and created kinetic energy that provided individual momenta for individual particles to produce irreversible entropy increase, resulting in the reversibility breaking of the reversible oscillation. The positive energy universe is the locally irreversible universe. The dual universe as a whole is reversible guided by the reversible negative energy universe. As a result, the irreversible positive energy universe with the irreversible entropy increase is temporary, and will disappear.展开更多
Left bundle branch block(LBBB)causes a delay in left ventricular contraction with an unsynchronized ventricular systole.LBBB is an independent determinant of morbi-mortality mainly when associated with cardiomyopathy ...Left bundle branch block(LBBB)causes a delay in left ventricular contraction with an unsynchronized ventricular systole.LBBB is an independent determinant of morbi-mortality mainly when associated with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction.[1] LBBB due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is considered non-reversible.Such irreversibility occurs because LBBB and cardiomyopathy act in a synergic manner in order to maintain both situations.However,there are a few reports in the literature showing that some patients have had an improvement in cardiac function with normalization of QRS and have experienced a reverse remodelling with pharmacological therapy only.[2–4]展开更多
Transfer printing based on switchable adhesive that heterogeneously integrates materials is essential to develop novel electronic systems,such as flexible electronics and micro LED displays.Here,we report a robust des...Transfer printing based on switchable adhesive that heterogeneously integrates materials is essential to develop novel electronic systems,such as flexible electronics and micro LED displays.Here,we report a robust design of a thermal actuated switchable dry adhesive,which features a stiff sphere embedded in a thermally responsive shape memory polymer(SMP)substrate and encapsulated by an elastomeric membrane.This construct bypasses the unfavorable micro-and nano-fabrication processes and yields an adhesion switchability of over1000 by combining the peel-rate dependent effect of the elastomeric membrane and the thermal actuation of the sub-surface embedded stiff sphere.Experimental and numerical studies reveal the underlying thermal actuated mechanism and provide insights into the design and operation of the switchable adhesive.Demonstrations of this concept in stamps for transfer printing of fragile objects,such as silicon wafers,silicon chips,and inorganic micro-LED chips,onto challenging non-adhesive surfaces illustrate its potential in heterogeneous material integration applications,such as flexible electronics manufacturing and deterministic assembly.展开更多
Polydiacetylene(PDA)is one kind of the conjugated polymer with layered structure,which can serve as a host to accommodate the guest components through intercalation.In these intercalated PDAs,some of them were reporte...Polydiacetylene(PDA)is one kind of the conjugated polymer with layered structure,which can serve as a host to accommodate the guest components through intercalation.In these intercalated PDAs,some of them were reported to have a nearly perfect organized structure and perform completely reversible thermochromism.Till now,these reported intercalated PDAs were made by only introducing a single component for intercalation.Here,we chose 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid(PCDA)as the monomer,of which the carboxyl-terminal groups can interact with either Tb^3+ ions or melamines(MAs).When the feeding molar ratio of PCDA,MA,and Tb^3+ ion was 3:267:1,only Tb^3+ ions were intercalated though excess MAs existed.Such Tb^3+- intercalated poly-PCDA exhibited completely reversible thermochromism,where almost all the carboxyl groups interacted with Tb^3+ ions to form the nearly perfect structure.When the feeding molar ratio of PCDA,MA,and Tb^3+ ion was 3:267:0.6,both Tb^3+ ions and MAs were intercalated.There existed some defects in the imperfect MA-intercalated domains and at the domain boundaries.The MA/Tb^3+- intercalated poly-PCDA exhibits partially reversible thermochromism,where the backbones near the defects are hard to return the initial conformation,while the rest,those at nearly perfect organized domains,are still able to restore the initial conformation.展开更多
In this essay, the author is setting up a Chinese perspective on the reversibility of the translated text and how to avoidreverse cultural shock in translation under the context of information age and globalization. T...In this essay, the author is setting up a Chinese perspective on the reversibility of the translated text and how to avoidreverse cultural shock in translation under the context of information age and globalization. This argument also concerns with thetopics of maintain of the ambiguity of the original text and select of the original text. The author also discussed some aspects thatpossibly or potentially affect the reversibility of the translated texts and cause the Reverse Culture Shock. Then the essay offerssome strategies in dealing with such problems in translation.展开更多
The traditional thermodynamic theory explains the reversible phenomena quite well, except that reversible phenomena are rare or even impossible in practice. Here the purpose is to propose an explanation valid for reve...The traditional thermodynamic theory explains the reversible phenomena quite well, except that reversible phenomena are rare or even impossible in practice. Here the purpose is to propose an explanation valid for reversible and also irreversible phenomena, irreversibility being common or realistic. It previously exposed points tricky to grasp, as the sign of the work exchange, the adiabatic expansion in vacuum (free expansion) or the transfer of heat between two bodies at the same temperature (isothermal transfer). After having slightly modified the concepts of heat transfer (each body produces heat according to its own temperature) and work (distinguishing external pressure from internal pressure), the previous points are more easily explained. At last, an engine efficiency in case of irreversible transfer is proposed. This paper is focused on the form of thermodynamics, on “explanations”;it does not question on “results” (except the irreversible free expansion of 1845...) which remain unchanged.展开更多
Derivative-extremum analysis(DEA) of j-E curves is a newly proposed method of half wave potential(E1/2) and activation feature extraction from steady-state voltammetry. Here, the DEA is demonstrated to be valid in the...Derivative-extremum analysis(DEA) of j-E curves is a newly proposed method of half wave potential(E1/2) and activation feature extraction from steady-state voltammetry. Here, the DEA is demonstrated to be valid in the full range of reversibility using numerical simulations with a derived universal electrode equation, providing a novel perspective of electrochemical kinetics in the reversibility domain. The results reveal that E1/2is a better choice of the reference potential instead of equilibrium potential(Eeq) in electrode equations, especially since Eeqis meaningless in an irreversible case. The equations referenced with standard potential, E1/2and Eeq, are summarized in three tables, and their applications in parameter determinations are specified. Finally, reversibility is proved to be a relative measure between kinetic slowness and mass transport of electroactive species, and the reversibility classifications are proposed according to the DEA feature in the reversibility domain. This work, based on the DEA principle, refines the electrode equation forms and generalizes their applicability in the full range of reversibility.展开更多
Designing and fabricating of heterostructured materials with long-term cycling stability and high-rate capacity for the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)still remain a great challenge.Herein,micro-flower-like MoS_(2...Designing and fabricating of heterostructured materials with long-term cycling stability and high-rate capacity for the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)still remain a great challenge.Herein,micro-flower-like MoS_(2)-modified Co_(9)S_(8)(Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2))with a three-dimensional(3D)heterostructure was first obtained via a simple solvothermal synthesis followed by a solid sulfidation treatment process.As a material for the anode of SIBs,the Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2)-based electrode with an initial Co/Mo molar ratio of 1/1(denoted as CM55-S)exhibits the best sodium storage performance with a boosted capacity,superior reversibility(424.5 mAh g^(-1)@2 A g^(-1)at the 1600th cycle,401.1 mAh g^(-1)@5 A g^(-1)at the 800th cycle),and an excellent rate capacity(210.1 mAh g^(-1)@20 A g^(-1)).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm that the Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2)heterostructure has a lower energy barrier(0.30 eV)than the pure Co_(9)S_(8)(0.53 eV).It is expected that such a heterostructured material could be an attractive candidate as the material of the anode for SIBs.展开更多
Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries,such as portable electronics,electric vehicles,and renewable energy storage.ZABs offer advant...Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries,such as portable electronics,electric vehicles,and renewable energy storage.ZABs offer advantages such as low environmental impact,enhanced safety compared to Li-ion batteries,and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of zinc.However,early research faced challenges due to parasitic reactions at the zinc anode and slow oxygen redox kinetics.Recent advancements in restructuring the anode,utilizing alternative electrolytes,and developing bifunctional oxygen catalysts have significantly improved ZABs.Scientists have achieved battery reversibility over thousands of cycles,introduced new electrolytes,and achieved energy efficiency records surpassing 70%.Despite these achievements,there are challenges related to lower power density,shorter lifespan,and air electrode corrosion leading to performance degradation.This review paper discusses different battery configurations,and reaction mechanisms for electrically and mechanically rechargeable ZABs,and proposes remedies to enhance overall battery performance.The paper also explores recent advancements,applications,and the future prospects of electrically/mechanically rechargeable ZABs.展开更多
According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also ...According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.展开更多
Reversible watermarking schemes for relational database are usually classified into two groups: robust schemes and fragile schemes. The main limitation of existing reversible fragile methods is that they cannot differ...Reversible watermarking schemes for relational database are usually classified into two groups: robust schemes and fragile schemes. The main limitation of existing reversible fragile methods is that they cannot differentiate between legal and malicious modifications. In this paper, we introduce a novel lossless semi-fragile scheme based on prediction-error expansion for content protection of relational database. In the proposed method, all attributes in a database relation are first classified according to their sensitivity to legitimate updates. Then, the watermark is embedded by expanding the prediction error of the two least significant digits of securely selected attributes. At watermark extraction, the proposed method has the ability to fully restore the original data while detecting and localizing tampering. The applicability of our method is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally.展开更多
BACKGROUND As a critical early event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis,telomerase activation might be a promising and critical biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients,and its function in the genesis and tre...BACKGROUND As a critical early event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis,telomerase activation might be a promising and critical biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients,and its function in the genesis and treatment of HCC has gained much attention over the past two decades.AIM To perform a bibliometric analysis to systematically assess the current state of research on HCC-related telomerase.METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed were systematically searched to retrieve publications pertaining to HCC/telomerase limited to“articles”and“reviews”published in English.A total of 873 relevant publications related to HCC and telomerase were identified.We employed the Bibliometrix package in R to extract and analyze the fundamental information of the publications,such as the trends in the publications,citation counts,most prolific or influential writers,and most popular journals;to screen for keywords occurring at high frequency;and to draw collaboration and cluster analysis charts on the basis of coauthorship and co-occurrences.VOSviewer was utilized to compile and visualize the bibliometric data.RESULTS A surge of 51 publications on HCC/telomerase research occurred in 2016,the most productive year from 1996 to 2023,accompanied by the peak citation count recorded in 2016.Up to December 2023,35226 citations were made to all publications,an average of 46.6 citations to each paper.The United States received the most citations(n=13531),followed by China(n=7427)and Japan(n=5754).In terms of national cooperation,China presented the highest centrality,its strongest bonds being to the United States and Japan.Among the 20 academic institutions with the most publications,ten came from China and the rest of Asia,though the University of Paris Cité,Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris,and the National Institute of Health and Medical Research(INSERM)were the most prolific.As for individual contributions,Hisatomi H,Kaneko S,and Ide T were the three most prolific authors.Kaneko S ranked first by H-index,G-index,and overall publication count,while Zucman-Rossi J ranked first in citation count.The five most popular journals were the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Hepatology,Journal of Hepatology,Oncotarget,and Oncogene,while Nature Genetics,Hepatology,and Nature Reviews Disease Primers had the most citations.We extracted 2293 keywords from the publications,120 of which appeared more than ten times.The most frequent were HCC,telomerase and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT).Keywords such as mutational landscape,TERT promoter mutations,landscape,risk,and prognosis were among the most common issues in this field in the last three years and may be topics for research in the coming years.CONCLUSION Our bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of HCC/telomerase research and insights into promising upcoming research.展开更多
Strong ionic character endows all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)with particular optoelectronic features when interacting with common polar solvents,such as water.However,the interaction mechanism of water affe...Strong ionic character endows all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)with particular optoelectronic features when interacting with common polar solvents,such as water.However,the interaction mechanism of water affecting perovskite NCs is still lack of in-depth understanding.This study systematically explores the roles of water on CsPbBr_(3) nanocrystals(CNCs)by finely controlling the polymer coating degree of polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurea(PDMS-PUa).Through this coating,the effect of water on CNCs is found to experience from“fluorescence quenching”owing to irreversible crystal decomposition towards“forward fluorescence reversibility”by crystal destruction and recrystallization.With gradually enhanced coating,a phenomenon of“reverse fluorescence reversibility”is further observed in that water begins to passivate the CNCs’defect states.Finally,“fluorescent balance”can be achieved with a thick enough coating,where water can hardly contact with the CNCs.Inspired by the fluorescence reversible mechanism discovered,a new wearable intelligent sensing skin is demonstrated by using the CsPbBr_(3)/PDMS-PUa composite as raw material.Both water contact and humidity change can be perceived through photoluminescence(PL)intensity,corresponding to stimuli-responsive sensory nerves of human skin.It is expected that these findings will shed some new lights on perovskite NCs.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of Danggui Shaoyao powder(DSP)on hepatic lipid metabolism and further explore its mechanism of action by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPARγ)-liver X receptor(LXRα)-aden...Objective:To observe the effects of Danggui Shaoyao powder(DSP)on hepatic lipid metabolism and further explore its mechanism of action by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPARγ)-liver X receptor(LXRα)-adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)pathway regulation.Methods: Eight C57BL/6J male mice were selected as the control group,and 24 ApoE^(−/−)male mice were randomly divided into the atherosclerosis model(AS)group,atorvastatin calcium(AC)group,and DSP group(n=8 each group).To establish an AS model,ApoE^(−/−)mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks.Pathologic changes in the aortic vasculature and liver were identified using Oil Red O staining.Triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were determined in the livers using a single-reagent GPO-PAP method.Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to observe and evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 intermediates in the liver.Results: After 16 weeks of a high-fat diet,ApoE^(−/−)mice showed more Oil Red O staining in the aorta and liver compared to the CONT group.Compared to the AS group,the DSP and AC treatment reduced aortic plaque and hepatic lipid deposition to varying degrees.Furthermore,DSP significantly reduced the hepatic lipid area in ApoE^(−/−)mice(P<.001)and decreased the levels of TG,TC,and LDL-C in liver(P<.001,P=.027,P<.001,respectively).DSP also significantly increased the levels of PPARγ,LXRα,ABCA1,and ABCG1 mRNA expression,as well as the PPARγ,LXRα,ABCA1,and ABCG1 protein expression in liver.Conclusion: DSP improved hepatic lipid metabolism via PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway modulation for AS treatment.展开更多
Deviation between thermodynamic and experimental voltages is one of the key issues in Li-ion conversion-type electrode materials; the factor that affects this phenomenon has not been understood well in spite of its im...Deviation between thermodynamic and experimental voltages is one of the key issues in Li-ion conversion-type electrode materials; the factor that affects this phenomenon has not been understood well in spite of its importance. In this work, we combine first principles calculations and electrochemical experiments with characterization tools to probe the conversion reaction voltage of transition metal difluorides MF2（M = Fe, Ni, and Cu）. We find that the conversion reaction voltage is heavily dependent on the size of the metal nanoparticles generated. The surface energy of metal nanoparticles appears to penalize the reaction energy, which results in a lower voltage compared to the thermodynamic voltage of a bulk-phase reaction. Furthermore, we develop a reversible CuF2 electrode coated with NiO. Electron energy loss spectroscopy （EELS） elemental maps demonstrate that the lithiation process mostly occurs in the area of high NiO content. This suggests that NiO can be considered a suitable artificial solid electrolyte interphase that prevents direct contact between Cu nanoparticles and the electrolyte. Thus, it alleviates Cu dissolution into the electrolyte and improves the reversibility of CuF2.展开更多
文摘The adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) on γ-MnOOH as a function of particle concentrations(C p) were studied. An obvious C p effect was observed in this adsorption system. The degree of adsorption hysteresis increased greatly with the increasing of C p, indicating that the extent of the real metastable-equilibrium states deviating from the ideal equilibrium state was enhanced with the increasing of C p. The C p-reversibility relationship confirmed the metastable-equilibrium adsorption(MEA) inequality(Pan, 1998a), which was the core formulation of the MEA theory. Because the MEA inequality was based on the basic hypothesis of MEA theory that adsorption density Γ is not a state variable, the C p-reversibility relationship gave indirect evidence to the basic hypothesis of MEA theory.
文摘The global disease burden of diabetes mellitus is high. It is well-established that prediabetes is reversible but it is unclear whether diabetes is reversible once it has been diagnosed. The objective of this narrative review is to review the evidence of reversibility of diabetes me-llitus and stimulate interest in prolonged remission as a treatment target. The current evidence for bariatric surgery is stronger than intensive medical management and the evidence is stronger for type 2 diabetes pa-tients compared with type 1 diabetes patients. It is also unclear whether non obese diabetes patients would benefit from such interventions and the duration of diabetes before diabetes become irreversible. Further research is needed in this area especially with regards to the subgroup of diabetes patient who will benefit from these interventions and the long term safety and efficacy remains unknown especially with intensive me-dical management.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21673064 and 51902072)the Heilongjiang Touyan Team(HITTY-20190033)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HIT.NSRIF.2019040 and 2019041)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology)(2020 DX11)the Heilongjiang postdoctoral financial assistance(LBH-Z19055)。
文摘Traditional O3-type Li-rich layered materials are attractive with ultra-high specific capacities,but suffering from inherent problems of voltage hysteresis and poor cycle performance.As an alternative,O2-type materials show the potential to improve the oxygen redox reversibility and structural stability.However,their structure-performance relationship is still unclear.Here,we investigate the correlation between the Li component and dynamic chemical reversibility of O2-type Li-rich materials.By exploring the formation mechanism of a series of materials prepared by Na/Li exchange,we reveal that insufficient Li leads to an incomplete replacement,and the residual Na in the Li-layer would hinder the fast diffusion of Li^(+).Moreover,excessive Li induces the extraction of interlayer Li during the melting chemical reaction stage,resulting in a reduction in the valence of Mn,which leads to a severe Jahn-Teller effect.Structural detection confirms that the regulation of Li can improve the cycle stability of Li-rich materials and suppress the trend of voltage fading.The reversible phase evolution observed in in-situ X-ray diffraction confirms the excellent structural stability of the optimized material,which is conducive to capacity retention.This work highlights the significance of modulating dynamic electrochemical performance through the intrinsic structure.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970024)partly by Scientific Research Project of Wuhan Health Committee(No.WX16C45).
文摘Summary:Changes of maximum expiratory flow at 25%and 50%of vital capacity(MEF2s and MEFso,respectively),and predominant parameters indicating small airways function in asthmatics before and after bronchodilator(BD)reversibility test have been less interpreted.Our study aimed to investigate the clinical role of changes of MEF2s and MEFso before and after BD reversibility test in diagnosing asthma.Forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV),MEF2s,and MEFso were measured before and after BD reversibility test in 207 asthmatic patients using standard process.Forty healthy individuals were enrolled as controls.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of reversibility of MEF2s and MEFgo before and after BD reversibility test(OMEF 2s%and AMEF so%,respectively)in diagnosing asthma.Among these functional criteria,AMEF2;%and 0MEFs%≥25%performed the best diagnostic performance.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of AMEF 25%≥25%as an objcctive diagnostic test for asthma were 63.29%,87.50%,and 67.21%,and of AMEFs0%≥25%were 79.23%,85.00%,and 80.16%,respectively.The area under the ROC curve of the indicators was 0.8203 and 0.9104,respectively.By contrast,an increase in FEV≥12%and 200 mL demonstrated a sensitivity of 62.32%,specificity of 82.50%,and accuracy of 65.59%in diagnosing asthma.The changes of MEF2s and MEFso before and after BD reversibility test may be of additional value in the clinical diagnosis of asthma,with cutoff values of 25%being the most.
文摘The inevitability of arising in equations of kinetics and hydrodynamics irreversibility not contained in original equations of classic mechanics is substantiated. It is established that transfer of information about the direction of system evolution from initial conditions to resulting equations is the consequence of losing information about the position of an individual particle in space, which takes place at roughening description. It is shown that the roughening with respect to impact parameters of colliding particles is responsible for appearance of the irreversibility in resulting equations. Direct equations of kinetics and hydrodynamics are the result of roughening distribution functions with respect to impact parameters of particles, which have not yet reached the domain of their interaction. The direct equations are valid for the progressive direction of timing on the time axis pointing from the past to the future. Reverse equations of kinetics and hydrodynamics are the result of roughening distribution functions with respect to impact parameters of particles, which have already left the domain of their interaction. The reverse equations are valid for the progressive direction of timing on the time axis pointing from the future to the past.
文摘In the posited reversibility theory, 1) all physical laws and phenomena are permanently reversible, 2) all physical laws are derived from the reversible M-theory (extension of string theory) in the reversible multiverse, and 3) temporary irreversible entropy increase is allowed through reversibility breaking, symmetry breaking, and low entropy beginning. Dealing with all physical laws and phenomena, the reversibility theory is the theory of everything, including thermodynamic, cosmology, the composition (baryonic matter, dark matter, and dark energy) in the universe, the periodic table of all elementary particles, the galaxy evolution, superconductivity, and black hole. In the reversible M-theory, space-time dimension number oscillates between 11D (space-time dimension) and 10D and between 10D and 4D. The reversible M-theory includes 11D membrane, 10D string, and variable D particle. Space-time dimension number between 10 and 4 decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. In our dual universe of positive-negative energy universe, the reversible oscillation between 10D with and 4D in the negative energy universe without kinetic energy is the reversible cyclic fractionalization-condensation for the reversible cyclic expansion-contraction of the universe. Without kinetic energy, the individual particles have no individual momenta for entropy increase. The negative energy universe is the locally reversible universe for dark energy. In the positive energy universe where we live, the absorption of the interuniversal void forced the direct transformation from 10D to 4D as the inflation followed by the Big Bang, and created kinetic energy that provided individual momenta for individual particles to produce irreversible entropy increase, resulting in the reversibility breaking of the reversible oscillation. The positive energy universe is the locally irreversible universe. The dual universe as a whole is reversible guided by the reversible negative energy universe. As a result, the irreversible positive energy universe with the irreversible entropy increase is temporary, and will disappear.
文摘Left bundle branch block(LBBB)causes a delay in left ventricular contraction with an unsynchronized ventricular systole.LBBB is an independent determinant of morbi-mortality mainly when associated with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction.[1] LBBB due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is considered non-reversible.Such irreversibility occurs because LBBB and cardiomyopathy act in a synergic manner in order to maintain both situations.However,there are a few reports in the literature showing that some patients have had an improvement in cardiac function with normalization of QRS and have experienced a reverse remodelling with pharmacological therapy only.[2–4]
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11872331 and U20A6001)the Zhejiang University K P Chao’s High Technology Development Foundation。
文摘Transfer printing based on switchable adhesive that heterogeneously integrates materials is essential to develop novel electronic systems,such as flexible electronics and micro LED displays.Here,we report a robust design of a thermal actuated switchable dry adhesive,which features a stiff sphere embedded in a thermally responsive shape memory polymer(SMP)substrate and encapsulated by an elastomeric membrane.This construct bypasses the unfavorable micro-and nano-fabrication processes and yields an adhesion switchability of over1000 by combining the peel-rate dependent effect of the elastomeric membrane and the thermal actuation of the sub-surface embedded stiff sphere.Experimental and numerical studies reveal the underlying thermal actuated mechanism and provide insights into the design and operation of the switchable adhesive.Demonstrations of this concept in stamps for transfer printing of fragile objects,such as silicon wafers,silicon chips,and inorganic micro-LED chips,onto challenging non-adhesive surfaces illustrate its potential in heterogeneous material integration applications,such as flexible electronics manufacturing and deterministic assembly.
基金supported by the Programs of the Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.18PJ1401500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21801046,No.51721002,No.21574025 and No.21871057)the Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFA0203302)。
文摘Polydiacetylene(PDA)is one kind of the conjugated polymer with layered structure,which can serve as a host to accommodate the guest components through intercalation.In these intercalated PDAs,some of them were reported to have a nearly perfect organized structure and perform completely reversible thermochromism.Till now,these reported intercalated PDAs were made by only introducing a single component for intercalation.Here,we chose 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid(PCDA)as the monomer,of which the carboxyl-terminal groups can interact with either Tb^3+ ions or melamines(MAs).When the feeding molar ratio of PCDA,MA,and Tb^3+ ion was 3:267:1,only Tb^3+ ions were intercalated though excess MAs existed.Such Tb^3+- intercalated poly-PCDA exhibited completely reversible thermochromism,where almost all the carboxyl groups interacted with Tb^3+ ions to form the nearly perfect structure.When the feeding molar ratio of PCDA,MA,and Tb^3+ ion was 3:267:0.6,both Tb^3+ ions and MAs were intercalated.There existed some defects in the imperfect MA-intercalated domains and at the domain boundaries.The MA/Tb^3+- intercalated poly-PCDA exhibits partially reversible thermochromism,where the backbones near the defects are hard to return the initial conformation,while the rest,those at nearly perfect organized domains,are still able to restore the initial conformation.
文摘In this essay, the author is setting up a Chinese perspective on the reversibility of the translated text and how to avoidreverse cultural shock in translation under the context of information age and globalization. This argument also concerns with thetopics of maintain of the ambiguity of the original text and select of the original text. The author also discussed some aspects thatpossibly or potentially affect the reversibility of the translated texts and cause the Reverse Culture Shock. Then the essay offerssome strategies in dealing with such problems in translation.
文摘The traditional thermodynamic theory explains the reversible phenomena quite well, except that reversible phenomena are rare or even impossible in practice. Here the purpose is to propose an explanation valid for reversible and also irreversible phenomena, irreversibility being common or realistic. It previously exposed points tricky to grasp, as the sign of the work exchange, the adiabatic expansion in vacuum (free expansion) or the transfer of heat between two bodies at the same temperature (isothermal transfer). After having slightly modified the concepts of heat transfer (each body produces heat according to its own temperature) and work (distinguishing external pressure from internal pressure), the previous points are more easily explained. At last, an engine efficiency in case of irreversible transfer is proposed. This paper is focused on the form of thermodynamics, on “explanations”;it does not question on “results” (except the irreversible free expansion of 1845...) which remain unchanged.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52131003, 52170059, 51808526, 51727812)。
文摘Derivative-extremum analysis(DEA) of j-E curves is a newly proposed method of half wave potential(E1/2) and activation feature extraction from steady-state voltammetry. Here, the DEA is demonstrated to be valid in the full range of reversibility using numerical simulations with a derived universal electrode equation, providing a novel perspective of electrochemical kinetics in the reversibility domain. The results reveal that E1/2is a better choice of the reference potential instead of equilibrium potential(Eeq) in electrode equations, especially since Eeqis meaningless in an irreversible case. The equations referenced with standard potential, E1/2and Eeq, are summarized in three tables, and their applications in parameter determinations are specified. Finally, reversibility is proved to be a relative measure between kinetic slowness and mass transport of electroactive species, and the reversibility classifications are proposed according to the DEA feature in the reversibility domain. This work, based on the DEA principle, refines the electrode equation forms and generalizes their applicability in the full range of reversibility.
基金supported by ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd.,Japan.C.Liu gratefully acknowledges China Scholarship Council(CSC),China.
文摘Designing and fabricating of heterostructured materials with long-term cycling stability and high-rate capacity for the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)still remain a great challenge.Herein,micro-flower-like MoS_(2)-modified Co_(9)S_(8)(Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2))with a three-dimensional(3D)heterostructure was first obtained via a simple solvothermal synthesis followed by a solid sulfidation treatment process.As a material for the anode of SIBs,the Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2)-based electrode with an initial Co/Mo molar ratio of 1/1(denoted as CM55-S)exhibits the best sodium storage performance with a boosted capacity,superior reversibility(424.5 mAh g^(-1)@2 A g^(-1)at the 1600th cycle,401.1 mAh g^(-1)@5 A g^(-1)at the 800th cycle),and an excellent rate capacity(210.1 mAh g^(-1)@20 A g^(-1)).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm that the Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2)heterostructure has a lower energy barrier(0.30 eV)than the pure Co_(9)S_(8)(0.53 eV).It is expected that such a heterostructured material could be an attractive candidate as the material of the anode for SIBs.
基金S.J.Park acknowledges the support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2022M3J7A1062940 and 2023R1A2C1004109)K.H.acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea.(NRF-2023R1A2C2008017)+1 种基金Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043435)The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project(RSP2024R381),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries,such as portable electronics,electric vehicles,and renewable energy storage.ZABs offer advantages such as low environmental impact,enhanced safety compared to Li-ion batteries,and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of zinc.However,early research faced challenges due to parasitic reactions at the zinc anode and slow oxygen redox kinetics.Recent advancements in restructuring the anode,utilizing alternative electrolytes,and developing bifunctional oxygen catalysts have significantly improved ZABs.Scientists have achieved battery reversibility over thousands of cycles,introduced new electrolytes,and achieved energy efficiency records surpassing 70%.Despite these achievements,there are challenges related to lower power density,shorter lifespan,and air electrode corrosion leading to performance degradation.This review paper discusses different battery configurations,and reaction mechanisms for electrically and mechanically rechargeable ZABs,and proposes remedies to enhance overall battery performance.The paper also explores recent advancements,applications,and the future prospects of electrically/mechanically rechargeable ZABs.
文摘According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.
文摘Reversible watermarking schemes for relational database are usually classified into two groups: robust schemes and fragile schemes. The main limitation of existing reversible fragile methods is that they cannot differentiate between legal and malicious modifications. In this paper, we introduce a novel lossless semi-fragile scheme based on prediction-error expansion for content protection of relational database. In the proposed method, all attributes in a database relation are first classified according to their sensitivity to legitimate updates. Then, the watermark is embedded by expanding the prediction error of the two least significant digits of securely selected attributes. At watermark extraction, the proposed method has the ability to fully restore the original data while detecting and localizing tampering. The applicability of our method is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally.
基金the Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China,No.LC2020L05.
文摘BACKGROUND As a critical early event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis,telomerase activation might be a promising and critical biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients,and its function in the genesis and treatment of HCC has gained much attention over the past two decades.AIM To perform a bibliometric analysis to systematically assess the current state of research on HCC-related telomerase.METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed were systematically searched to retrieve publications pertaining to HCC/telomerase limited to“articles”and“reviews”published in English.A total of 873 relevant publications related to HCC and telomerase were identified.We employed the Bibliometrix package in R to extract and analyze the fundamental information of the publications,such as the trends in the publications,citation counts,most prolific or influential writers,and most popular journals;to screen for keywords occurring at high frequency;and to draw collaboration and cluster analysis charts on the basis of coauthorship and co-occurrences.VOSviewer was utilized to compile and visualize the bibliometric data.RESULTS A surge of 51 publications on HCC/telomerase research occurred in 2016,the most productive year from 1996 to 2023,accompanied by the peak citation count recorded in 2016.Up to December 2023,35226 citations were made to all publications,an average of 46.6 citations to each paper.The United States received the most citations(n=13531),followed by China(n=7427)and Japan(n=5754).In terms of national cooperation,China presented the highest centrality,its strongest bonds being to the United States and Japan.Among the 20 academic institutions with the most publications,ten came from China and the rest of Asia,though the University of Paris Cité,Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris,and the National Institute of Health and Medical Research(INSERM)were the most prolific.As for individual contributions,Hisatomi H,Kaneko S,and Ide T were the three most prolific authors.Kaneko S ranked first by H-index,G-index,and overall publication count,while Zucman-Rossi J ranked first in citation count.The five most popular journals were the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Hepatology,Journal of Hepatology,Oncotarget,and Oncogene,while Nature Genetics,Hepatology,and Nature Reviews Disease Primers had the most citations.We extracted 2293 keywords from the publications,120 of which appeared more than ten times.The most frequent were HCC,telomerase and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT).Keywords such as mutational landscape,TERT promoter mutations,landscape,risk,and prognosis were among the most common issues in this field in the last three years and may be topics for research in the coming years.CONCLUSION Our bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of HCC/telomerase research and insights into promising upcoming research.
基金We acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62175032)the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(No.2021J01579).
文摘Strong ionic character endows all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)with particular optoelectronic features when interacting with common polar solvents,such as water.However,the interaction mechanism of water affecting perovskite NCs is still lack of in-depth understanding.This study systematically explores the roles of water on CsPbBr_(3) nanocrystals(CNCs)by finely controlling the polymer coating degree of polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurea(PDMS-PUa).Through this coating,the effect of water on CNCs is found to experience from“fluorescence quenching”owing to irreversible crystal decomposition towards“forward fluorescence reversibility”by crystal destruction and recrystallization.With gradually enhanced coating,a phenomenon of“reverse fluorescence reversibility”is further observed in that water begins to passivate the CNCs’defect states.Finally,“fluorescent balance”can be achieved with a thick enough coating,where water can hardly contact with the CNCs.Inspired by the fluorescence reversible mechanism discovered,a new wearable intelligent sensing skin is demonstrated by using the CsPbBr_(3)/PDMS-PUa composite as raw material.Both water contact and humidity change can be perceived through photoluminescence(PL)intensity,corresponding to stimuli-responsive sensory nerves of human skin.It is expected that these findings will shed some new lights on perovskite NCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82074325).
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of Danggui Shaoyao powder(DSP)on hepatic lipid metabolism and further explore its mechanism of action by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPARγ)-liver X receptor(LXRα)-adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)pathway regulation.Methods: Eight C57BL/6J male mice were selected as the control group,and 24 ApoE^(−/−)male mice were randomly divided into the atherosclerosis model(AS)group,atorvastatin calcium(AC)group,and DSP group(n=8 each group).To establish an AS model,ApoE^(−/−)mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks.Pathologic changes in the aortic vasculature and liver were identified using Oil Red O staining.Triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were determined in the livers using a single-reagent GPO-PAP method.Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to observe and evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 intermediates in the liver.Results: After 16 weeks of a high-fat diet,ApoE^(−/−)mice showed more Oil Red O staining in the aorta and liver compared to the CONT group.Compared to the AS group,the DSP and AC treatment reduced aortic plaque and hepatic lipid deposition to varying degrees.Furthermore,DSP significantly reduced the hepatic lipid area in ApoE^(−/−)mice(P<.001)and decreased the levels of TG,TC,and LDL-C in liver(P<.001,P=.027,P<.001,respectively).DSP also significantly increased the levels of PPARγ,LXRα,ABCA1,and ABCG1 mRNA expression,as well as the PPARγ,LXRα,ABCA1,and ABCG1 protein expression in liver.Conclusion: DSP improved hepatic lipid metabolism via PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway modulation for AS treatment.
文摘Deviation between thermodynamic and experimental voltages is one of the key issues in Li-ion conversion-type electrode materials; the factor that affects this phenomenon has not been understood well in spite of its importance. In this work, we combine first principles calculations and electrochemical experiments with characterization tools to probe the conversion reaction voltage of transition metal difluorides MF2（M = Fe, Ni, and Cu）. We find that the conversion reaction voltage is heavily dependent on the size of the metal nanoparticles generated. The surface energy of metal nanoparticles appears to penalize the reaction energy, which results in a lower voltage compared to the thermodynamic voltage of a bulk-phase reaction. Furthermore, we develop a reversible CuF2 electrode coated with NiO. Electron energy loss spectroscopy （EELS） elemental maps demonstrate that the lithiation process mostly occurs in the area of high NiO content. This suggests that NiO can be considered a suitable artificial solid electrolyte interphase that prevents direct contact between Cu nanoparticles and the electrolyte. Thus, it alleviates Cu dissolution into the electrolyte and improves the reversibility of CuF2.
