Tobacco root-knot nematode disease has caused severe damage in Geng- ma County, Yunnan Province. In order to identify the pathogenic factors of the tobac- co root-knot nematode disease in this county, the pathogenic n...Tobacco root-knot nematode disease has caused severe damage in Geng- ma County, Yunnan Province. In order to identify the pathogenic factors of the tobac- co root-knot nematode disease in this county, the pathogenic nematodes, hosts and environment of tobacco fields in Mengsa, Hepai and Sipaishan 3 main tobacco-grow- ing towns in Gengma County were investigated and analyzed based on the local re- lated field survey on tobacco root-knot nematode disease in this county in 2012. The results showed the incidence and severity of the tobacco root-knot nematode disease were all higher than those of previous years. dominant pathogens of the tobacco root-knot The species identification showed the nematode disease were Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica in Gengma County. The lacking of disease-resistant culti- vars, poor management and climatic anomaly were the main causes of the tobacco root-knot nematode disease in Gengma. According to the occurrence characteristics of the disease, the agricultural prevention-based control measures were proposed.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to figure out the distribution of Monochamus alternatus in the stumps of pine wood nematode infected wood in Lu'an City and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for differentiated...[Objectives]The paper was to figure out the distribution of Monochamus alternatus in the stumps of pine wood nematode infected wood in Lu'an City and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for differentiated prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease in the future.[Methods]The factors influencing the number of epidemic small classes and infected plants in all counties and districts of Lu'an City were analyzed by GIS method,and the number of worms and wormholes of M.alternatus inside and outside the stumps of pine wood nematode infected wood in Lu'an City were investigated on the spot.[Results]There were 98,40,54,781,193,268 and 34 epidemic small classes of pine wood nematode disease,and 7241,6099,9532,39161,11079,49876 and 4853 infected plants in Yu'an District,Jin'an District,Yeji District,Shucheng County,Huoshan County,Jinzhai County and Huoqiu County,respectively.Pine wood nematode disease in Lu'an City mostly occurred in Huoshan County,Shucheng County and Jinzhai County,with relatively high altitude,paddy soil,the annual precipitation higher than 2062 mm,and the annual average temperature lower than 16.2℃.The number of diseased plants of pine wood nematode disease was positively correlated with altitude and annual precipitation,and was negatively correlated with annual average temperature.The number of worms and wormholes in pine wood nematode infected wood was very small at different altitudes,stump heights and stump diameters.[Conclusions]The pine wood nematode infected wood can be differentially processed after stump treatment,and stumps can be peeled.The results will provide a theoretical and practical basis for differentiated prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease in the future.展开更多
Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:T...Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:Three-year-old P.quinquefolium was treated with four different combinations of microbial inoculant(MI)and garbage fermentation liquid(GFL)[the joint application of‘TuXiu’MI and Fifty potassium MI(TF),the combination use of‘No.1'MI and Fifty potassium MI(NF),‘Gulefeng’poly-γ-glutamic acid MI(PGA),GFL],and the untreated control(CK).Here,high-throughput sequencing,ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition,heavy metals(As,Cd and Pb)content and ginsenoside content among different treatments.Results:The results revealed that different MIs and GFL could increase the root dry weight of P.quinquefolium,PGA enhanced it by 83.24%,followed by GFL(49.93%),meanwhile,PGA and GFL were able to lessen root-knot nematode disease incidence by 57.25%and 64.35%.The treatment of PGA and GFL can also effectively reduce heavy metals in roots.The As content in GFL and PGA was decreased by 52.17%and 43.48%respectively,while the Cd and Pb contents of GFL and PGA was decreased somewhat.Additionally,the content of total ginsenosides was increased by 42.14%and 42.07%,in response to TF and NF,respectively.Our metagenomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of particular soil microbial community members related to the biocontrol of root-knot nematode disease and plant pathogen(i.e.,Chaetomium in NF,Xylari in GFL,and Microascus in PGA),heavy metal bioremediation(Hyphomacrobium in PGA and Xylaria in GFL),and nitrogen fixation(Nordella and Nitrospira in TF)was significantly increased;notably,potential harmful microflora,such as Plectosaphaerella and Rhizobacter,were more abundant in the control group.Conclusion:MI and GFL could improve the quality of P.quinquefolium by modifying its rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition,both of them are beneficial to the development of ecological cultivation of P.quinquefolium.展开更多
Meloidogyne graminicola has emerged as one of the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes affecting rice(Oryza sativa)production worldwide.Resistance to M.graminicola in rice could be the most effective option for ...Meloidogyne graminicola has emerged as one of the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes affecting rice(Oryza sativa)production worldwide.Resistance to M.graminicola in rice could be the most effective option for its management.However,sources of germplasm with resistance to M.graminicola in rice remain limited.Here,we describe the root attraction,gall formation and genetic analysis of the resistance to M.graminicola in the rice variety Huidao 5.A nematode attraction assay showed that second-stage juveniles(J2s)of M.graminicola were attracted at the root tip of Huaidao 5 within 8 h without a significant reduction in attraction compared to the susceptible rice variety Nanjing 9108.Microscopic observation of the infection revealed that the J2s invaded root tissues 12 h after inoculation,but their subsequent movement to the root tip was hindered in Huaidao 5,resulting in decreased nematode number compared to Nanjing 9108.Additionally,we used the soil and hydroponic culture systems to simulate upland and flooding conditions in the paddy fields respectively,and found that gall number was significantly reduced,and nematode development was clearly suppressed in Huaidao 5.To investigate the genetic basis of this resistance,cross breeding was performed between the Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 9108 varieties.There was no reduction in the resistance of the F_(1) offspring to M.graminicola in the greenhouse or field trials,suggesting that a dominant gene could control resistance in Huaidao 5.In summary,this study provides a detailed characterization of a novel source of resistance to M.graminicola in rice,which is of great potential for use in crop breeding.展开更多
The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the most prevalent and damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in the world and causes serious damages to agricultural production. We cloned a mitochondrial...The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the most prevalent and damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in the world and causes serious damages to agricultural production. We cloned a mitochondrial ATP synthase b subunit gene fragment of M. incognita (MiASB) based on the nematode genomics prediction. By soaking in the MiASB dsRNA solution, the hatching of RNAi treated eggs was reduced by 60% compared to negative control and by 64% compared to untreated control. Mortality of RNAi treated second stage juvenile (J2) was 8.6 times higher than that of negative control and 26 times higher than the untreated control. Inoculating the RNAi treated egg masses and J2 to tomato seedlings showed the pathogencity was significantly reduced. For the RNAi treated egg masses, the amount of root galls on silence treated seedlings was reduced by 92% compared to that on the negative control seedlings, and reduced by 93% compared to that on untreated control seedlings. For the treated J2, the amount of root galls on silence treated seedlings was reduced by 83% and 86% compared to negative and untreated control seedlings, respectively. The study revealed the MiASB silence had a positive effect on prevention and control of root-knot nematode disease, and also showed that the MiASB may be involved in the pathogenesis of nematode, which provided new ideas and ways to the research of nematode pathology and nematode disease control.展开更多
The pathogen and characteristics, infection cycle, occurrence regularity and damage symptoms of sweet potato stem nematode disease were introduced in the paper. Moreover, the comprehensive prevention measures were put...The pathogen and characteristics, infection cycle, occurrence regularity and damage symptoms of sweet potato stem nematode disease were introduced in the paper. Moreover, the comprehensive prevention measures were put forward, including plant quarantine, agricultural control and chemical control. The study provided certain basis for reducing damages of sweet potato stem nematode disease and improving yield and quality of sweet potato.展开更多
Present mature plants hydroponic technology was used,combined with some excellent characteristics,such as growth conditions was easy to control and process of root growth was easy to continuously observe,the nematicid...Present mature plants hydroponic technology was used,combined with some excellent characteristics,such as growth conditions was easy to control and process of root growth was easy to continuously observe,the nematicidal activity of 5 kinds of Chinese herbs extracts and the compound solution of Avermectin,with strong contact toxicity effect indoor,was systematically studied and investigated the affection on the root-knot nematode parasitized on the cucumber seeding stage. It is found that under the premise of no influence on root growth of cucumber,extracts from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora and Punica granatum showed strong prevention and nematicidal activity,and had the similar efficacy of Avermectin; while the extracts from Cibotium barometz,Aucklandia lappa Decne and Fructus cnidii showed low nematicidal activity and various degrees inhibition effect on plant growth.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of anti-nematode preparations with different mechanisms on changes of enzyme systems and membrane permeability of tomato leaves, so as to provide reference basis for ef...[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of anti-nematode preparations with different mechanisms on changes of enzyme systems and membrane permeability of tomato leaves, so as to provide reference basis for effective control of soil root-knot nematode in greenhouse. [ Method] With tomato seedlings af- fected by root-knot nematode as material, changes of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, peroxidase（ POD）, relative conductivity and malondialdehyde （MDA） in toma- toes were tested after the seedling soil was treated by preparations of Wuxianmei, Hailvsu, Duxiandna and Avermectin. [ Result] After treated by different prepara- tions, SOD and POD activity of tomato leaves were higher than control, and that treated by Wuxianmei was the highest. In addition to Duxiandna, the relative con- ductivity and MDA content of other treatments were significantly lower than control. When tomatoes were planted for 70 d, the effect of Avermectin against reot-knot nematode Was the best of 66.3%. [ Conclusion] After tomatoes were infected by root-knot nematode, different preparation treatments all had certain control effect, which made the physical indicators of tomato have obvious change. Integrated control of multiple preparations in greenhouse was beneficial to control soil root-knot nematode.展开更多
Synergism between pesticide and fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematode was investigated by field randomized block test. The results showed that the best control efficiency was shared by 0.5% abamectin and 25% mi...Synergism between pesticide and fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematode was investigated by field randomized block test. The results showed that the best control efficiency was shared by 0.5% abamectin and 25% mixed pesticide （abamectin and carbosulfan）, 24.1% and 28.0%, respectively. The positive effect was found by synergism between pesticide and fertiUzer in controlling reot-knot nematode. The economic benefit and agricultural benefit were gained by controlling root-knot nematodes. The results suggested that the agricultural and ecological benefit could be gained through the integration of agricultural practice and chemical technology in controlling root-knot nematode.展开更多
The highly-damaging root-knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.,RKN)cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance.In laboratory and greenhouse trials,we showed...The highly-damaging root-knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.,RKN)cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance.In laboratory and greenhouse trials,we showed that chloropicrin(CP)or dazomet(DZ)synergized the efficacy of fosthiazate against RKN.The combination significantly extended the degradation half-life of fosthiazate by an average of about 1.25 times.CP or DZ with fosthiazate reduced the time for fosthiazate to penetrate the RKN cuticle compared to fosthiazate alone.CP or DZ combined with low or medium rate of fosthiazate increased the total cucumber yield,compared to the use of each product alone.A low-dose fosthiazate with DZ improved total yield more than a low dose fosthiazate with CP.Extending the half-life of fosthiazate and reducing the time for fosthiazate or fumigant to penetrate the RKN cuticle were the two features that gave the fumigant-fosthiazate combination its synergistic advantage over these products used singularly.This synergy provides the opportunity for farmers to use a low dose of fosthiazate which lowers the risk of RKN resistance.Farmers could combine DZ at 30 g m^-2 with fosthiazate at a low rate of 0.375 g m^-2 to control RKN and adequately control two major soil-borne diseases in cucumber greenhouses.展开更多
Plant pesticide residues, such as chinaberry （Melia toosendan） residue and sand cypress （Sabina vulgaris） residue, are pesticidal plant materials discarded after the bioactive ingredient has been extracted with or...Plant pesticide residues, such as chinaberry （Melia toosendan） residue and sand cypress （Sabina vulgaris） residue, are pesticidal plant materials discarded after the bioactive ingredient has been extracted with organic solvents. The only option for botanical pesticide residue utilization has been as landfill. Chinaberry residue （CBR） and sand cypress residue （SCR） were collected and composted in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. We studied the effects of chinaberry residue compost （CBRC）, CBRC incorporated with Trichoderma viride （CBRCT）, sand cypress residue compost （SCRC）, and SCRC incorporated with T. viride （SCRCv） on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting the balloonflower （Platycodon grandiflorum）. Bioassay results indicated that stock solutions of the CBRCT and SCRCT extracts significantly inhibited egg hatching and caused high larval mortality, followed in degree by the CBRC and SCRC extracts. The CBR and SCR extracts caused very low inhibition of eggs and larvae. Supplementing potting mixtures with these four composts reduced the severity of root galling and increased the proportion of marketable roots. The severity of root galling decreased and the average weight of the marketable roots increased with an increase in all the composts when supplemented at rates from 5 to 30%. CBR- and SCR-supplemented pot soils also inhibited the nematodes, but CBR and SCR applied to the soil had a phytotoxic effect and inhibited balloonflower growth. Supplementing field soil with the composts reduced the severity of root galling and the populations of southern root-knot nematodes in the soil. CBRCT and SCRCT clearly enhanced the average weight of the marketable roots by 30.45 and 26.64%, respectively. Continuous supplementation with CBRCT or SCRCT in the same field significantly enhanced the control of the root-knot nematode, and the populations of nematodes continued to decrease with second inoculations. The populations of total Trichoderma spp. were distinctly enhanced and were maintained at high levels for a long time in the supplemented soils.展开更多
Biofumigation is an environmentally friendly strategy used to control nematodes and plant diseases.The volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has high insecticidal and antibacterial activity.However,it is not known if ...Biofumigation is an environmentally friendly strategy used to control nematodes and plant diseases.The volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has high insecticidal and antibacterial activity.However,it is not known if the seed of Z.bungeanum is a suitable material for biofumigation to control southern root-knot nematodes(SRKN)on tomato,and how it may regulate the soil bacterial community structure.We used pot experiments in the greenhouse to determine the effects of Z.bungeanum seeds on SRKN,plant growth parameters,soil physicochemical and microbial characteristics.A total of 26 volatile components,including nematicidally active substances,were identified from Z.bungeanum seeds.Z.bungeanum seed biofumigation significantly reduced the SRKN population by 88.89%and 81.55%on the 50th and 100th day after transplanting,respectively.Compared to the control,the total soluble sugar,soluble solids,soluble protein,titratable acid,root activity and the fruit yield per tomato plant increased significantly.The content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium and the soil enzyme activities were also significantly increased.The soil bacterial diversity and the co-occurrence network complexity were increased by Z.bungeanum seed biofumigation.Relativelymore keystone OTUs in biofumigation soil had potential plant growth-promoting capabilities.The function of Z.bungeanum seed increasing tomato production in SRKN-infected soil depends on directly killing SRKN and improving soil properties.These results indicate that Z.bungeanum seed can be used as both a nematicide and a high quality organic fertilizer in tomato production.展开更多
Root-knot nematodes(RKNs) cause huge yield losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Meanwhile, livestock manure is often improperly managed by farmers, which leads to serious environmental pollution. To resolve these t...Root-knot nematodes(RKNs) cause huge yield losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Meanwhile, livestock manure is often improperly managed by farmers, which leads to serious environmental pollution. To resolve these two problems, this study developed a procedure for the conversion of chicken manure to organic fertilizer by larvae of Hermetia illucens L. and Bacillus subtilis BSF-CL. Chicken manure organic fertilizer was then mixed thoroughly with Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 to a final concentration of 1.5×10^(8)CFU g^(-1). The efficacy of KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematodes was evaluated in pot and field experiments. In pot experiments, applying KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer either as a base fertilizer or as a fumigant at the dose of 40 g/pot suppressed root-knot disease by 61.76 and 69.05% compared to the corresponding control treatments, respectively. When applied as a fumigant at the dose of 1 kg m;in field experiments, KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer enhanced the growth of tomato plants, suppressed root-knot disease by 49.97%, and reduced second stage juveniles of RKN in soil by 88.68%. KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer controlled RKNs better than commercial bio-organic fertilizer in both pot and field experiments. These results demonstrate that this co-conversion process efficiently transforms chicken manure into high value-added larvae biomass and KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer with potential application as a novel nematode control agent.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to quickly screen out effective and safe agents for controlling tobacco root knot nematode disease.[Methods]Six pesticides were tested and screened indoors at five different concen...[Objectives]This study was conducted to quickly screen out effective and safe agents for controlling tobacco root knot nematode disease.[Methods]Six pesticides were tested and screened indoors at five different concentrations.[Results]The six pesticides all had toxic effects on the second-instar larvae of tobacco root-knot nematode,and the corrected mortality was positively correlated with the concentration and time of the pesticides,with the correlation coefficients above 0.8.From the perspective of inhibitory activity,the order was fosthiazate>abamectin>emamectin benzoate>cadusafos>ethoprophos>carbosulfan.Four pesticides that can be used in the field were selected.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for field pesticide selection.展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the nematicidal effects of some biopesticides againist root-knot nematodes （RKNs） （Meloidogyne incognita） on Bruno type kiwifruit seedlings. Research was conducted in the Ata...The aim of this study was to determine the nematicidal effects of some biopesticides againist root-knot nematodes （RKNs） （Meloidogyne incognita） on Bruno type kiwifruit seedlings. Research was conducted in the Atattirk Central Horticultural Research Institute （ACHRI, Yalova, Turkey） greenhouse during 2013-2014. Biopesticides observed in this study were： sesame oil （Devalone EC）, castor oil （Ricinus communis）, Myrothecium verrucaria （M. verrucaria strain AARC-0255, Inferno DF）, Glomus spp. （Endomycorrhizal fungi, Endo Roots Soluble SP） and Paecilomyces lilacinus （Entomopathogenic fungi, P. lilacinus strain PL1, Bionematon SL）. Nematicide Nemacur EC 400 （fenamiphos） was used as treated control （TC） and trials were set up as randomized parcel design （RPD） with seven characters and 10 replicates. Reproduction ratio was determined according to scale values in trial applications and second stage juvenile （J2） populations of M. incognita in soil. The results showed that the best nematicidal effects against RKNs were determined in castor oil （77.92% in 2013 and 73.61% in 2014） and P. lilacinus （61.03% in 2013 and 55.55% in 2014）.展开更多
During the last few decades, researchers have been in the search for environmental friendly ways to cope with agricultural pests, instead of using chemical pesticides. The use of essential oils has a high potential to...During the last few decades, researchers have been in the search for environmental friendly ways to cope with agricultural pests, instead of using chemical pesticides. The use of essential oils has a high potential to become an alternative control strategy against plant parasitic nematodes. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 10 essential oils （Artemisia absinthium, Citrus bergamia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Hypericum perforatum, Lavandula officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Ocimum basilicum, Piper nigrum, Thymus serpyllum and Zingiber officinale） against the second stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The aqueous solutions of these essential oils have been applied to the second stage juveniles in three different concentrations （1%, 3% and 5%） at four different application time intervals （12, 24, 48 and 72 h）. The interactions between the variables have been examined with repeated measure analysis of variance （ANOVA）. This showed that the interactions of essential oil-time and essential oil-concentration were statistically significant, and it is concluded that L. officinalis, A. absinthium, P. nigrum, C. bergamia and M. arvensis have the most toxic effect in all concentrations and times, respectively.展开更多
[Objectives]The species and distribution of root-knot nematodes in tobacco growing regions of Yunnan were investigated,in order to provide reference for comprehensive prevention of root-knot nematodes disease and toba...[Objectives]The species and distribution of root-knot nematodes in tobacco growing regions of Yunnan were investigated,in order to provide reference for comprehensive prevention of root-knot nematodes disease and tobacco variety layout. [Methods]Fifty-four samples of root-knot nematode host on tobacco crops were collected from Kunming,Qujing and Yuxi cities in Yunnan from August to October in 2015. The species of root-knot nematodes were identified by observing perineal patterns and molecular biological testing（ PCR of ribosomal DNA of ITS region and sequence characterized amplified region,SCAR）. [Results] There were 24 samples belonging to Meloidogyne arenaria,accounting for 44. 44%; seven M. incognita samples,accounting for 12. 96%; one M. javanica sample,accounting for 1. 85%. Eleven samples were compound populations of M. javanica and M. arenaria,accounting for 20. 37%. Five were compound populations of M. incognita and M. arenaria,accounting for 9. 26%. Three were compound populations of M. incognita and M. javanica,accounting for 5. 56%. Three belonged to compound population of M. incognita,M. javanica and M. arenaria,accounting for 5. 56%. [Conclusions] The species of root-knot nematodes in tobacco growing areas of Yunnan mainly include M. incognita,M. javanica and M. arenaria. M. arenaria is the dominant population.展开更多
Pepper （Capsicum annuum. L.） is a widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide and has the second largest planting area and the first largest vegetable output and value in China. Pepper root-knot nematode （Meloidogyn...Pepper （Capsicum annuum. L.） is a widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide and has the second largest planting area and the first largest vegetable output and value in China. Pepper root-knot nematode （Meloidogyne spp.） is one of the most serious pests of pepper, which caused huge losses every year. Previous studies showed that the Me3 gene is resistant to a wide range of Meloidogyne species, including M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita. HDA149, a double haploid pepper genotype, harboring the root-knot nematode resistance gene Me3, was used to construct bacterial artificial chro- mosome library （BAC） via the vector of CopyControFM pCC1 in this study. The library consists of 210 200 BAC clones and is equivalent to 5.3 pepper genomes. The average insert size is 95 kb, and most of them are 90-120 kb; but the empty clones are less than 3%. In order to screen the BAC library easily, 550 super pools with 384 BAC clones of each pool were further developed in this study. Specific primers from Me3 gene locus were used for BAC library screening, and more than 20 positive BAC clones were obtained. Then the selected positive BAC clones were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion, BAC-end sequencing, marker development, and new positive BAC clones exploration, respectively. Finally, the contig with total length of about 300 kb linked to the Me3 locus was constructed based on chromosome walking strategy, which made a solid foundation for the cloning of the important root-knot nematode resistance gene Me3.展开更多
An extensive survey of about 50 ornamental plants growing in A.M.U. campus were carried out to find out the infection of root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) and reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Out of 50 specie...An extensive survey of about 50 ornamental plants growing in A.M.U. campus were carried out to find out the infection of root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) and reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Out of 50 species of ornamental plants studied, 29 species of these plants were found to be infected with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and 15 species were infected with reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). The highest percentage of infection of root-knot nematodes was observed in Impatiens balsamina (100%) and reniform nematode was observed in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (56%). Among the Meloidogyne spp. the highest percentage of infection of M. incognita was observed in Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (80%) whereas, the highest percentage of infection of M. javanica and M. arenaria was observed in Mirabilis jalapa (72%) and Celosis cristata (28%).展开更多
Single or mixed use ofAgaricus bisporus residue and microbial agent had better control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode disease in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effect of single use of A. b/spor...Single or mixed use ofAgaricus bisporus residue and microbial agent had better control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode disease in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effect of single use of A. b/sporus residue was 32.9% - 34.7%, and the yield increasing rate was 2.1% - 8.7% ; the control effect of mixed use ofA. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was 59. 1% - 63. 6%, and yield increasing rate was 2.6% - 3.5%. The experimental dose had no ad- verse effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The mixed use of A. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was one of the effective ways to control root-knot nematode disease.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Project of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company(2012YN06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160361)~~
文摘Tobacco root-knot nematode disease has caused severe damage in Geng- ma County, Yunnan Province. In order to identify the pathogenic factors of the tobac- co root-knot nematode disease in this county, the pathogenic nematodes, hosts and environment of tobacco fields in Mengsa, Hepai and Sipaishan 3 main tobacco-grow- ing towns in Gengma County were investigated and analyzed based on the local re- lated field survey on tobacco root-knot nematode disease in this county in 2012. The results showed the incidence and severity of the tobacco root-knot nematode disease were all higher than those of previous years. dominant pathogens of the tobacco root-knot The species identification showed the nematode disease were Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica in Gengma County. The lacking of disease-resistant culti- vars, poor management and climatic anomaly were the main causes of the tobacco root-knot nematode disease in Gengma. According to the occurrence characteristics of the disease, the agricultural prevention-based control measures were proposed.
基金Supported by Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085QC135)Postdoctoral Workstation Project of West Anhui University(WXBSH2020003)+4 种基金Key Program of Natural Science Research Project for Anhui Universities(KJ2021A0954)Forestry Carbon Sequestration Self-funded Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province(LJH[2022]267)Key School-level Nature Research Project of West Anhui University(WXZR202020)Subject of Lu'an Forestry Bureau(0045021093)Provincial Quality Engineering Project of West Anhui University(2022jyxm1765).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to figure out the distribution of Monochamus alternatus in the stumps of pine wood nematode infected wood in Lu'an City and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for differentiated prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease in the future.[Methods]The factors influencing the number of epidemic small classes and infected plants in all counties and districts of Lu'an City were analyzed by GIS method,and the number of worms and wormholes of M.alternatus inside and outside the stumps of pine wood nematode infected wood in Lu'an City were investigated on the spot.[Results]There were 98,40,54,781,193,268 and 34 epidemic small classes of pine wood nematode disease,and 7241,6099,9532,39161,11079,49876 and 4853 infected plants in Yu'an District,Jin'an District,Yeji District,Shucheng County,Huoshan County,Jinzhai County and Huoqiu County,respectively.Pine wood nematode disease in Lu'an City mostly occurred in Huoshan County,Shucheng County and Jinzhai County,with relatively high altitude,paddy soil,the annual precipitation higher than 2062 mm,and the annual average temperature lower than 16.2℃.The number of diseased plants of pine wood nematode disease was positively correlated with altitude and annual precipitation,and was negatively correlated with annual average temperature.The number of worms and wormholes in pine wood nematode infected wood was very small at different altitudes,stump heights and stump diameters.[Conclusions]The pine wood nematode infected wood can be differentially processed after stump treatment,and stumps can be peeled.The results will provide a theoretical and practical basis for differentiated prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease in the future.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1604701)
文摘Objective:To find a suitable ecological cultivation measure to solve the problem of root-knot nematode disease of Panax quinquefolium(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and the heavy metals accumulating in its roots.Methods:Three-year-old P.quinquefolium was treated with four different combinations of microbial inoculant(MI)and garbage fermentation liquid(GFL)[the joint application of‘TuXiu’MI and Fifty potassium MI(TF),the combination use of‘No.1'MI and Fifty potassium MI(NF),‘Gulefeng’poly-γ-glutamic acid MI(PGA),GFL],and the untreated control(CK).Here,high-throughput sequencing,ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition,heavy metals(As,Cd and Pb)content and ginsenoside content among different treatments.Results:The results revealed that different MIs and GFL could increase the root dry weight of P.quinquefolium,PGA enhanced it by 83.24%,followed by GFL(49.93%),meanwhile,PGA and GFL were able to lessen root-knot nematode disease incidence by 57.25%and 64.35%.The treatment of PGA and GFL can also effectively reduce heavy metals in roots.The As content in GFL and PGA was decreased by 52.17%and 43.48%respectively,while the Cd and Pb contents of GFL and PGA was decreased somewhat.Additionally,the content of total ginsenosides was increased by 42.14%and 42.07%,in response to TF and NF,respectively.Our metagenomic analysis showed that the relative abundance of particular soil microbial community members related to the biocontrol of root-knot nematode disease and plant pathogen(i.e.,Chaetomium in NF,Xylari in GFL,and Microascus in PGA),heavy metal bioremediation(Hyphomacrobium in PGA and Xylaria in GFL),and nitrogen fixation(Nordella and Nitrospira in TF)was significantly increased;notably,potential harmful microflora,such as Plectosaphaerella and Rhizobacter,were more abundant in the control group.Conclusion:MI and GFL could improve the quality of P.quinquefolium by modifying its rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition,both of them are beneficial to the development of ecological cultivation of P.quinquefolium.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871943)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China(CX(21)1011)the General Program of Hebei Natural Science Foundation,China(C2019402344)。
文摘Meloidogyne graminicola has emerged as one of the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes affecting rice(Oryza sativa)production worldwide.Resistance to M.graminicola in rice could be the most effective option for its management.However,sources of germplasm with resistance to M.graminicola in rice remain limited.Here,we describe the root attraction,gall formation and genetic analysis of the resistance to M.graminicola in the rice variety Huidao 5.A nematode attraction assay showed that second-stage juveniles(J2s)of M.graminicola were attracted at the root tip of Huaidao 5 within 8 h without a significant reduction in attraction compared to the susceptible rice variety Nanjing 9108.Microscopic observation of the infection revealed that the J2s invaded root tissues 12 h after inoculation,but their subsequent movement to the root tip was hindered in Huaidao 5,resulting in decreased nematode number compared to Nanjing 9108.Additionally,we used the soil and hydroponic culture systems to simulate upland and flooding conditions in the paddy fields respectively,and found that gall number was significantly reduced,and nematode development was clearly suppressed in Huaidao 5.To investigate the genetic basis of this resistance,cross breeding was performed between the Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 9108 varieties.There was no reduction in the resistance of the F_(1) offspring to M.graminicola in the greenhouse or field trials,suggesting that a dominant gene could control resistance in Huaidao 5.In summary,this study provides a detailed characterization of a novel source of resistance to M.graminicola in rice,which is of great potential for use in crop breeding.
文摘The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the most prevalent and damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in the world and causes serious damages to agricultural production. We cloned a mitochondrial ATP synthase b subunit gene fragment of M. incognita (MiASB) based on the nematode genomics prediction. By soaking in the MiASB dsRNA solution, the hatching of RNAi treated eggs was reduced by 60% compared to negative control and by 64% compared to untreated control. Mortality of RNAi treated second stage juvenile (J2) was 8.6 times higher than that of negative control and 26 times higher than the untreated control. Inoculating the RNAi treated egg masses and J2 to tomato seedlings showed the pathogencity was significantly reduced. For the RNAi treated egg masses, the amount of root galls on silence treated seedlings was reduced by 92% compared to that on the negative control seedlings, and reduced by 93% compared to that on untreated control seedlings. For the treated J2, the amount of root galls on silence treated seedlings was reduced by 83% and 86% compared to negative and untreated control seedlings, respectively. The study revealed the MiASB silence had a positive effect on prevention and control of root-knot nematode disease, and also showed that the MiASB may be involved in the pathogenesis of nematode, which provided new ideas and ways to the research of nematode pathology and nematode disease control.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund(CX(12)2030)Special Fund Project for Establishment of Modern Agricultural Industry System (CARS-11-C-03)
文摘The pathogen and characteristics, infection cycle, occurrence regularity and damage symptoms of sweet potato stem nematode disease were introduced in the paper. Moreover, the comprehensive prevention measures were put forward, including plant quarantine, agricultural control and chemical control. The study provided certain basis for reducing damages of sweet potato stem nematode disease and improving yield and quality of sweet potato.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project from Shaanxi Provincial Department of EducationMajor Scientific and Technological In-novation Project of Shaanxi Province (2009ZKC08-09 )Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou (H20080045)~~
文摘Present mature plants hydroponic technology was used,combined with some excellent characteristics,such as growth conditions was easy to control and process of root growth was easy to continuously observe,the nematicidal activity of 5 kinds of Chinese herbs extracts and the compound solution of Avermectin,with strong contact toxicity effect indoor,was systematically studied and investigated the affection on the root-knot nematode parasitized on the cucumber seeding stage. It is found that under the premise of no influence on root growth of cucumber,extracts from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora and Punica granatum showed strong prevention and nematicidal activity,and had the similar efficacy of Avermectin; while the extracts from Cibotium barometz,Aucklandia lappa Decne and Fructus cnidii showed low nematicidal activity and various degrees inhibition effect on plant growth.
基金Supported by Transformation and Promotion Projects of Agriculture Science and Technology Achievements of Tianjin City"Integration and Demonstration of Integrated Control Technology of Greenhouse Vegetable Fields with Continuous Cropping Obstacles"(0804140)Basic Application and Cutting-edge Technology Research Projects of Tianjin City"Risk Assessment and Regulation Research of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Non-point Source Pollution in Facility Agriculture"(09JCYBJC08600)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of anti-nematode preparations with different mechanisms on changes of enzyme systems and membrane permeability of tomato leaves, so as to provide reference basis for effective control of soil root-knot nematode in greenhouse. [ Method] With tomato seedlings af- fected by root-knot nematode as material, changes of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, peroxidase（ POD）, relative conductivity and malondialdehyde （MDA） in toma- toes were tested after the seedling soil was treated by preparations of Wuxianmei, Hailvsu, Duxiandna and Avermectin. [ Result] After treated by different prepara- tions, SOD and POD activity of tomato leaves were higher than control, and that treated by Wuxianmei was the highest. In addition to Duxiandna, the relative con- ductivity and MDA content of other treatments were significantly lower than control. When tomatoes were planted for 70 d, the effect of Avermectin against reot-knot nematode Was the best of 66.3%. [ Conclusion] After tomatoes were infected by root-knot nematode, different preparation treatments all had certain control effect, which made the physical indicators of tomato have obvious change. Integrated control of multiple preparations in greenhouse was beneficial to control soil root-knot nematode.
基金Supported by Yunnan Tobacco Company Program(2015YN192014YN25)~~
文摘Synergism between pesticide and fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematode was investigated by field randomized block test. The results showed that the best control efficiency was shared by 0.5% abamectin and 25% mixed pesticide （abamectin and carbosulfan）, 24.1% and 28.0%, respectively. The positive effect was found by synergism between pesticide and fertiUzer in controlling reot-knot nematode. The economic benefit and agricultural benefit were gained by controlling root-knot nematodes. The results suggested that the agricultural and ecological benefit could be gained through the integration of agricultural practice and chemical technology in controlling root-knot nematode.
基金financial support from the Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672066)+1 种基金the China Scholarship Council (201704280020)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China over the years
文摘The highly-damaging root-knot nematode(Meloidogyne spp.,RKN)cannot be reliably controlled using only a nematicide such as fosthiazate because of increasing pest resistance.In laboratory and greenhouse trials,we showed that chloropicrin(CP)or dazomet(DZ)synergized the efficacy of fosthiazate against RKN.The combination significantly extended the degradation half-life of fosthiazate by an average of about 1.25 times.CP or DZ with fosthiazate reduced the time for fosthiazate to penetrate the RKN cuticle compared to fosthiazate alone.CP or DZ combined with low or medium rate of fosthiazate increased the total cucumber yield,compared to the use of each product alone.A low-dose fosthiazate with DZ improved total yield more than a low dose fosthiazate with CP.Extending the half-life of fosthiazate and reducing the time for fosthiazate or fumigant to penetrate the RKN cuticle were the two features that gave the fumigant-fosthiazate combination its synergistic advantage over these products used singularly.This synergy provides the opportunity for farmers to use a low dose of fosthiazate which lowers the risk of RKN resistance.Farmers could combine DZ at 30 g m^-2 with fosthiazate at a low rate of 0.375 g m^-2 to control RKN and adequately control two major soil-borne diseases in cucumber greenhouses.
基金supported by the Important Projec of China's Western Development (2004BA901A14)
文摘Plant pesticide residues, such as chinaberry （Melia toosendan） residue and sand cypress （Sabina vulgaris） residue, are pesticidal plant materials discarded after the bioactive ingredient has been extracted with organic solvents. The only option for botanical pesticide residue utilization has been as landfill. Chinaberry residue （CBR） and sand cypress residue （SCR） were collected and composted in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. We studied the effects of chinaberry residue compost （CBRC）, CBRC incorporated with Trichoderma viride （CBRCT）, sand cypress residue compost （SCRC）, and SCRC incorporated with T. viride （SCRCv） on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting the balloonflower （Platycodon grandiflorum）. Bioassay results indicated that stock solutions of the CBRCT and SCRCT extracts significantly inhibited egg hatching and caused high larval mortality, followed in degree by the CBRC and SCRC extracts. The CBR and SCR extracts caused very low inhibition of eggs and larvae. Supplementing potting mixtures with these four composts reduced the severity of root galling and increased the proportion of marketable roots. The severity of root galling decreased and the average weight of the marketable roots increased with an increase in all the composts when supplemented at rates from 5 to 30%. CBR- and SCR-supplemented pot soils also inhibited the nematodes, but CBR and SCR applied to the soil had a phytotoxic effect and inhibited balloonflower growth. Supplementing field soil with the composts reduced the severity of root galling and the populations of southern root-knot nematodes in the soil. CBRCT and SCRCT clearly enhanced the average weight of the marketable roots by 30.45 and 26.64%, respectively. Continuous supplementation with CBRCT or SCRCT in the same field significantly enhanced the control of the root-knot nematode, and the populations of nematodes continued to decrease with second inoculations. The populations of total Trichoderma spp. were distinctly enhanced and were maintained at high levels for a long time in the supplemented soils.
基金This project was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2017GNC13104)Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2018)+1 种基金Shandong Agriculture Research System(Grant No.SDAIT-05-05)Industrial upgrading project of agricultural science of Shandong Province(2017).
文摘Biofumigation is an environmentally friendly strategy used to control nematodes and plant diseases.The volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has high insecticidal and antibacterial activity.However,it is not known if the seed of Z.bungeanum is a suitable material for biofumigation to control southern root-knot nematodes(SRKN)on tomato,and how it may regulate the soil bacterial community structure.We used pot experiments in the greenhouse to determine the effects of Z.bungeanum seeds on SRKN,plant growth parameters,soil physicochemical and microbial characteristics.A total of 26 volatile components,including nematicidally active substances,were identified from Z.bungeanum seeds.Z.bungeanum seed biofumigation significantly reduced the SRKN population by 88.89%and 81.55%on the 50th and 100th day after transplanting,respectively.Compared to the control,the total soluble sugar,soluble solids,soluble protein,titratable acid,root activity and the fruit yield per tomato plant increased significantly.The content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium and the soil enzyme activities were also significantly increased.The soil bacterial diversity and the co-occurrence network complexity were increased by Z.bungeanum seed biofumigation.Relativelymore keystone OTUs in biofumigation soil had potential plant growth-promoting capabilities.The function of Z.bungeanum seed increasing tomato production in SRKN-infected soil depends on directly killing SRKN and improving soil properties.These results indicate that Z.bungeanum seed can be used as both a nematicide and a high quality organic fertilizer in tomato production.
基金supported by the project from China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(COMRADY135-B2-17)+1 种基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2018YFD0500203 and 2018YFF0213503)the Major Projects of Technological Innovation in Hubei Province,China(2017ABA072)。
文摘Root-knot nematodes(RKNs) cause huge yield losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Meanwhile, livestock manure is often improperly managed by farmers, which leads to serious environmental pollution. To resolve these two problems, this study developed a procedure for the conversion of chicken manure to organic fertilizer by larvae of Hermetia illucens L. and Bacillus subtilis BSF-CL. Chicken manure organic fertilizer was then mixed thoroughly with Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 to a final concentration of 1.5×10^(8)CFU g^(-1). The efficacy of KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematodes was evaluated in pot and field experiments. In pot experiments, applying KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer either as a base fertilizer or as a fumigant at the dose of 40 g/pot suppressed root-knot disease by 61.76 and 69.05% compared to the corresponding control treatments, respectively. When applied as a fumigant at the dose of 1 kg m;in field experiments, KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer enhanced the growth of tomato plants, suppressed root-knot disease by 49.97%, and reduced second stage juveniles of RKN in soil by 88.68%. KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer controlled RKNs better than commercial bio-organic fertilizer in both pot and field experiments. These results demonstrate that this co-conversion process efficiently transforms chicken manure into high value-added larvae biomass and KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer with potential application as a novel nematode control agent.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to quickly screen out effective and safe agents for controlling tobacco root knot nematode disease.[Methods]Six pesticides were tested and screened indoors at five different concentrations.[Results]The six pesticides all had toxic effects on the second-instar larvae of tobacco root-knot nematode,and the corrected mortality was positively correlated with the concentration and time of the pesticides,with the correlation coefficients above 0.8.From the perspective of inhibitory activity,the order was fosthiazate>abamectin>emamectin benzoate>cadusafos>ethoprophos>carbosulfan.Four pesticides that can be used in the field were selected.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for field pesticide selection.
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the nematicidal effects of some biopesticides againist root-knot nematodes （RKNs） （Meloidogyne incognita） on Bruno type kiwifruit seedlings. Research was conducted in the Atattirk Central Horticultural Research Institute （ACHRI, Yalova, Turkey） greenhouse during 2013-2014. Biopesticides observed in this study were： sesame oil （Devalone EC）, castor oil （Ricinus communis）, Myrothecium verrucaria （M. verrucaria strain AARC-0255, Inferno DF）, Glomus spp. （Endomycorrhizal fungi, Endo Roots Soluble SP） and Paecilomyces lilacinus （Entomopathogenic fungi, P. lilacinus strain PL1, Bionematon SL）. Nematicide Nemacur EC 400 （fenamiphos） was used as treated control （TC） and trials were set up as randomized parcel design （RPD） with seven characters and 10 replicates. Reproduction ratio was determined according to scale values in trial applications and second stage juvenile （J2） populations of M. incognita in soil. The results showed that the best nematicidal effects against RKNs were determined in castor oil （77.92% in 2013 and 73.61% in 2014） and P. lilacinus （61.03% in 2013 and 55.55% in 2014）.
文摘During the last few decades, researchers have been in the search for environmental friendly ways to cope with agricultural pests, instead of using chemical pesticides. The use of essential oils has a high potential to become an alternative control strategy against plant parasitic nematodes. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 10 essential oils （Artemisia absinthium, Citrus bergamia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Hypericum perforatum, Lavandula officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Ocimum basilicum, Piper nigrum, Thymus serpyllum and Zingiber officinale） against the second stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The aqueous solutions of these essential oils have been applied to the second stage juveniles in three different concentrations （1%, 3% and 5%） at four different application time intervals （12, 24, 48 and 72 h）. The interactions between the variables have been examined with repeated measure analysis of variance （ANOVA）. This showed that the interactions of essential oil-time and essential oil-concentration were statistically significant, and it is concluded that L. officinalis, A. absinthium, P. nigrum, C. bergamia and M. arvensis have the most toxic effect in all concentrations and times, respectively.
基金Supported by Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education(20135302110003)Backup Talent Cultivation Project of Young and Middle-aged Academic Technology Leaders in Yunnan Province(2009CI054)
文摘[Objectives]The species and distribution of root-knot nematodes in tobacco growing regions of Yunnan were investigated,in order to provide reference for comprehensive prevention of root-knot nematodes disease and tobacco variety layout. [Methods]Fifty-four samples of root-knot nematode host on tobacco crops were collected from Kunming,Qujing and Yuxi cities in Yunnan from August to October in 2015. The species of root-knot nematodes were identified by observing perineal patterns and molecular biological testing（ PCR of ribosomal DNA of ITS region and sequence characterized amplified region,SCAR）. [Results] There were 24 samples belonging to Meloidogyne arenaria,accounting for 44. 44%; seven M. incognita samples,accounting for 12. 96%; one M. javanica sample,accounting for 1. 85%. Eleven samples were compound populations of M. javanica and M. arenaria,accounting for 20. 37%. Five were compound populations of M. incognita and M. arenaria,accounting for 9. 26%. Three were compound populations of M. incognita and M. javanica,accounting for 5. 56%. Three belonged to compound population of M. incognita,M. javanica and M. arenaria,accounting for 5. 56%. [Conclusions] The species of root-knot nematodes in tobacco growing areas of Yunnan mainly include M. incognita,M. javanica and M. arenaria. M. arenaria is the dominant population.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program in China (2013AA102603)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (ZR2014YL014)+3 种基金the Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China (2014QNZ03)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China (2016-2020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101425)Prof. Alain Palloxin,French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA),for kindly providing the pepper genotype HDA149
文摘Pepper （Capsicum annuum. L.） is a widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide and has the second largest planting area and the first largest vegetable output and value in China. Pepper root-knot nematode （Meloidogyne spp.） is one of the most serious pests of pepper, which caused huge losses every year. Previous studies showed that the Me3 gene is resistant to a wide range of Meloidogyne species, including M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita. HDA149, a double haploid pepper genotype, harboring the root-knot nematode resistance gene Me3, was used to construct bacterial artificial chro- mosome library （BAC） via the vector of CopyControFM pCC1 in this study. The library consists of 210 200 BAC clones and is equivalent to 5.3 pepper genomes. The average insert size is 95 kb, and most of them are 90-120 kb; but the empty clones are less than 3%. In order to screen the BAC library easily, 550 super pools with 384 BAC clones of each pool were further developed in this study. Specific primers from Me3 gene locus were used for BAC library screening, and more than 20 positive BAC clones were obtained. Then the selected positive BAC clones were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion, BAC-end sequencing, marker development, and new positive BAC clones exploration, respectively. Finally, the contig with total length of about 300 kb linked to the Me3 locus was constructed based on chromosome walking strategy, which made a solid foundation for the cloning of the important root-knot nematode resistance gene Me3.
文摘An extensive survey of about 50 ornamental plants growing in A.M.U. campus were carried out to find out the infection of root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) and reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Out of 50 species of ornamental plants studied, 29 species of these plants were found to be infected with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and 15 species were infected with reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). The highest percentage of infection of root-knot nematodes was observed in Impatiens balsamina (100%) and reniform nematode was observed in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (56%). Among the Meloidogyne spp. the highest percentage of infection of M. incognita was observed in Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (80%) whereas, the highest percentage of infection of M. javanica and M. arenaria was observed in Mirabilis jalapa (72%) and Celosis cristata (28%).
基金Supported by Edible Fungus Industry Innovation Team Projects of Shandong Agricultural Industry Research System(SDAIT-11-011-08)
文摘Single or mixed use ofAgaricus bisporus residue and microbial agent had better control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode disease in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effect of single use of A. b/sporus residue was 32.9% - 34.7%, and the yield increasing rate was 2.1% - 8.7% ; the control effect of mixed use ofA. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was 59. 1% - 63. 6%, and yield increasing rate was 2.6% - 3.5%. The experimental dose had no ad- verse effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The mixed use of A. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was one of the effective ways to control root-knot nematode disease.
