[Objectives]This study was conducted to enrich grape varieties.[Methods]The growth and fruit quality of grape with different rootstock and scion combinations were compared and analyzed taking CR2,CR3 and CR9 as rootst...[Objectives]This study was conducted to enrich grape varieties.[Methods]The growth and fruit quality of grape with different rootstock and scion combinations were compared and analyzed taking CR2,CR3 and CR9 as rootstocks and‘Huangjinmi’as grafted seedlings and own-rooted seedlings as control.[Results]The comprehensive scores of‘Huangjinmi’grape with different rootstock and scion combinations showed an order of HJM/CR9,HJM/CR2 and HJM/CR3 from high to low.The three rootstock and scion combinations obviously promoted the growth and adaptability of grape trees,increased fruit size and improved fruit quality.Through the quality analysis of untreated and treated fruits,HJM/CR9 was superior to ZGM.Different fruit management measures can be adopted for‘Huangjinmi’grape to produce fruit with different quality according to market demand.[Conclusions]This study has a guiding significance for screening grape varieties suitable for adverse environments such as high soil viscosity,high temperature and high humidity.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to provide a reference for screening dwarfing rootstock suitable for main spur-type Fuji cultivars in central and southern Hebei Province.[Methods]With spur-type Fuji‘Tianhong 2’as the mate...[Objectives]The paper was to provide a reference for screening dwarfing rootstock suitable for main spur-type Fuji cultivars in central and southern Hebei Province.[Methods]With spur-type Fuji‘Tianhong 2’as the material,the vegetative growth,yield and fruit quality of 8 different rootstock-scion combinations were compared.[Results]‘Tianhong 2’/SH6 as self-rooted rootstock had large average single fruit weight(256.33 g),large number of fruits per plant(188.68),the highest yield[(3250.08±23.42)kg/667 m ^(2)]and the highest colored area(93.5%),and the soluble solid content reached the requirement of high quality fruit(15.78%).[Conclusions]In central and southern Hebei Province,‘Tianhong 2’grafted on SH6 self-rooted rootstock has moderate growth,high yield and good fruit quality,so it can be considered as the preferred rootstock-scion combination in the local area.展开更多
[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil i...[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil in pots,in order to investigate the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system activity （SOD,POD and CAT） and the content of protein,GSH,MDA and O-·2 from the leaves of Shandong Zhike,Ningminju,Yangshuojinbaosuanju,Huapijinju and Guizhi No.1. [Result] The content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll （a＋b） from the test 5 breeds decreased with the enhancement of drought stress,and there were significant differences between them and the control under the severe stress; the activities of SOD,POD and CAT from the 5 breeds increased as the drought stress strengthened; the content of soluble protein declined while that of GSH,MDA and O-·2 rose because of the drought stress. [Conclusion] This research provided a good reference to choose the breeds of citrus rootstocks in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of humic acid on nematode infected,resistant and susceptible grapes in relation to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant mechanisms on selected biochemical parameters known as proactiv...Objective:To investigate the effect of humic acid on nematode infected,resistant and susceptible grapes in relation to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant mechanisms on selected biochemical parameters known as proactive substances.Methods:The grape rootstocks,superior,superior/ freedom and freedom were reacted differently to Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis according to rootstock progenitor.Two weeks after inoculation,two commercial products of humic acid were applied at the rate of(2,4 mL or grams/plant) as soil drench.After 4 months,nematode soil populations were extracted and counted.A subsample of roots from each plant was stained and gall numbers,embedded stages per root were calculated,final population, nematode build up(Pf/Pi),average of eggs/eggmass were estimated.Subsamples of fresh root of each treatment were chemically analyzed.Results:Freedom reduced significantly the nematode criteria and build up.Humic acid granules appeared to be more suppressive to nematode build up on superior and the higher dose on superior/freedom than liquid treatments.On freedom,all treatments reduced significantly the nematode build up regardless to the material nature.The higher dose was more effective than the lower one.As a result of humic acid applications,the malondialdehyde(MDA) and H_2O_2 contents were significandy reduced after humic acid treatments while the antioxidant compounds glutathione(GSH),ascorbic acid(ASA) and total phenol contents were significandy increased when compared with check.Antioxidant defense enzymes ascorbate peroxidase(AFX),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) showed significant increase in their specific activities in treated plants compared with nematode treated check.Conclnsions:Humic acid treatments improve we yield of grape by increasing the contents of antioxidant compounds and the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes.展开更多
In this study carried out in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons, effect of rootstocks on plant nutrition partitioning in grafted watermelon onto four gourd rootstocks was investigated. Ferro, RS841 (Cucurbita maxima x C. m...In this study carried out in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons, effect of rootstocks on plant nutrition partitioning in grafted watermelon onto four gourd rootstocks was investigated. Ferro, RS841 (Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata) and Argentario and Macis (Lagenaria hybrid) were used as rootstocks. Crimson Tide and Crisby watermelon cultivars were used as scion. Grafted and ungrafted seedlings were produced by a commercial seedling company. Plants were grafted by one cotyledon grafting techniques. Experiment was conducted in Alata Horticultural Research Station inMersin. The grafted plants were planted under low tunnel in early spring and regular cultural practices for watermelon were applied. Plant nutrition concentrations were determined in leaf, fruit rind, fruit flesh and seeds. Leaf sample was taken at flowering stage, rind, flesh and seed sample were taken from fully mature fruit. Nitrogen concentration was determined by modified Kjheldahl methods. Phosphorous concentration was determined by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method. K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentration of samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plant nutrient concentration in leaf, rind, flesh and seed were significantly affected by rootstocks. Increase in concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaves was not observed in grafted plant. Ungrafted plant had higher concentration of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in their leaves. Ca concentration in rind of fruits from grafted watermelon was higher than ungrafted control plant except Crimson Tide/Macis and Crimson Tide/Argentario graft combinations. Plant nutrition content of fruit flesh was significantly affected by rootstocks and scion. Magnesium, Fe, Zn and Mn concentration of seed was not significantly influenced by rootstocks and scion while other plant nutrient content was significantly affected rootstocks and scion.展开更多
The drought resistance of eight commonly used apple rootstocks under natural drought conditions was examined to provide clues for the selection,promotion,and utilization of drought-resistant apple rootstocks.The ultra...The drought resistance of eight commonly used apple rootstocks under natural drought conditions was examined to provide clues for the selection,promotion,and utilization of drought-resistant apple rootstocks.The ultrastructural differences and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the leaves of eight apple rootstocks under drought stress were observed.The index changes were used to rank drought resistance by the membership function method comprehensively.The results showed that the leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness,net photosynthetic rate,and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in‘Fupingqiuzi'than those of other rootstocks at various stress conditions.The leaf water content and water use efficiency of'Qingzhen 1'were significantly higher than those of other rootstocks under different stress conditions.The root vigor of‘B.9'was significantly higher than that of other rootstocks.The results of membership function analysis showed that the drought resistance of different rootstocks was in the order:‘Fupingqiuzi'>‘Qingzhen 1'>‘B.9'>‘MM.111'>‘GM256'>‘MM.106'>‘M.26'>‘M.9-Nic29'.‘Fupingqiuzi'had the strongest drought resistance,and‘Qingzhen 1'and‘B.9'were also relatively droughtresistant.These rootstocks can be used as raw materials for drought-resistant apple rootstock breeding and are propagated and utilized in arid areas.展开更多
A study was conducted in attempting to identify the cold-resistant apple rootstocks and to establish a comprehensive evaluation system. In this study, 10 elite apple dwarfing rootstocks(GM256, JM7, M26, M7, SC1, SH1, ...A study was conducted in attempting to identify the cold-resistant apple rootstocks and to establish a comprehensive evaluation system. In this study, 10 elite apple dwarfing rootstocks(GM256, JM7, M26, M7, SC1, SH1, SH38, SH6, M9, and T337) were employed for the experiment and the following parameters were investigated under different low temperature stress conditions(0, –15, –20, –25, –30, and –35°C): the changes of the relative electrical conductivity(REC), anthocyanin content, protein content, soluble sugar content, soluble starch content, proline content, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, and peroxidase(POD) activity of the dormant branches. The inflection temperature that could represent the plant tissue semi-lethal temperature(LT) was obtained by the measurements of REC. The LTwas used to evaluate eight other indices. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between LTand POD activity as well as between the soluble sugar, protein and proline contents at 0 and –15°C. Soluble starch content at 0 and –15°C and anthocyanin content at –15–(–30)°C were significantly but negatively correlated to the LT50 and the MDA content at 0–(–20)°C was significantly positively correlated to the LT. Statistical analysis based on principal component analysis and LT50 showed that cold resistant apple rootstocks in the decreasing order from high to low as GM256, SH6, SH38, SH1, SC1, M26, M7, JM7, T337, and M9.展开更多
Alkaline soils have a great inlfuence on apple production in Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of toler-ance to such stress are important when selecting the most suitable apple rootstocks. We used h...Alkaline soils have a great inlfuence on apple production in Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of toler-ance to such stress are important when selecting the most suitable apple rootstocks. We used hydroponics culturing to test 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks after treatment with 1：1Na2CO3and NaHCO3. When compared with the normaly grown controls, stressed plants produced fewer new leaves, and had shorter roots and shoots and lower fresh and dry weights after 15 d of exposure to alkaline conditions. Their root/shoot ratios were also reduced, indicating that the roots had been severely damaged. For al stressed rootstocks, electrolyte leakage （EL） and the concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA） increased while levels of chlorophyl decreased. Changes in root activity （up or down）, as wel as the activities of peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and catalase （CAT） were rootstock-dependent, possibly relfecting their differences in alkali tolerance. Using alkali injury index （AI）, adversity resistance coefifcients （ARC）,cluster analysis, and evaluation of their physiological responses, we classiifed these 17 genotypes into three groups： （1） high tolerance： Hubeihaitang, Wushanbianyehaitang, Laoshanhaitang Ls2, Xiaojinbianyehaitang, and Fupingqiuzi; （2） moderate tolerance： Pingyitiancha, Laoshanhaitang Ls3, Hubeihaitang A1, Deqinhaitang, Balenghaitang, Maoshandingzi, Shandingzi, and Xinjiangyepingguo; or （3） low tolerance： Pingdinghaitang, Hongsanyehaitang, Xiaojinhaitang, and Sanyehaitang. These results wil signiifcantly contribute to the selection of the most suitable materials for rootstocks with desired levels of tolerance to alkali stress.展开更多
Soil alkalinity is a major factor that restricts the growth of apple roots.To analyze the response of apple roots to alkali stress, the root structure and endogenous hormones of two apple rootstocks, Malus prunifolia ...Soil alkalinity is a major factor that restricts the growth of apple roots.To analyze the response of apple roots to alkali stress, the root structure and endogenous hormones of two apple rootstocks, Malus prunifolia (alkali-tolerant) and Malus hupehensis (alkali-sensitive), were compared. To understand alkali tolerance of M. prunifolia at the molecular level, transcriptome analysis was performed. When plants were cultured in alkaline conditions for 15 d, the root growth of M. hupehensis with weak alkali tolerance decreased significantly. Analysis of endogenous hormone levels showed that the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in M. hupehensis under alkali stress were lower than those in the control. However, the trend for IAA and ZR in M. prunifolia was the opposite. The concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in the roots of the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress increased, but the concentration of ABA in the roots of M. prunifolia was higher than that in M. hupehensis. The expression of IAA-related genes ARF5, GH3.6, SAUR36, and SAUR32 and the Cytokinin (CTK)-related gene IPT5 in M. prunifolia was higher than those in the control, but the expression of these genes in M. hupehensis was lower than those in the control. The expression of ABA-related genes CIPK1 and AHK1 increased in the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress, but the expression of CIPK1 and AHK1 in M. prunifolia was higher than in M. hupehensis. These results demonstrated that under alkali stress, the increase of IAA, ZR, and ABA in roots and the increase of the expression of related genes promoted the growth of roots and improved the alkali tolerance of apple rootstocks.展开更多
In this thesis, 10 species of kiwifruit rootstocks were treated with hydroponics hypoxia to study their root zone hypoxia tolerance. The results were as follows: growth of all kiwifruit seedlings was inhibited. The ma...In this thesis, 10 species of kiwifruit rootstocks were treated with hydroponics hypoxia to study their root zone hypoxia tolerance. The results were as follows: growth of all kiwifruit seedlings was inhibited. The max length of new root, plant height, plant biomass, root activity, relative growth rate of leaves, and content of chlorophyll in leaves under root zone hypoxia stress obviously declined comparing with control. MDA content, relative conductance in the leaves and roots all increased in 10 kinds of kiwifruit seedlings. The sensitivities of 10 kinds’ kiwifruit seedlings to hypoxia stress were obviously different. With the method of subordinate function and cluster analysis, the adversity resistance coefficient of 10 kinds’ kiwifruit seedlings, were comprehensively evaluated in order to appraise their hypoxia-tolerance abilities. According to the results, “Hayward”, “Qinmei”, “Jinxiang”, “Kuoye”, “Huayou” kiwifruit seedlings held higher tolerance to root zone hypoxia stress, while “Hongyang” kiwifruit seedlings were sensitive to root zone hypoxia stress. The others, including “Xixuan”, “Maohua”, “Jinhua”, “Shanli” kiwifruit seedlings kept moderate resistant intensity to root zone hypoxia stress. The kiwifruit seedlings’ resistance order from strong to weak was: “Hayward” > “Qinmei” > “Jinxiang” > “Kuoye” > “Huayou” > “Xixuan” > “Maohua” > “Jinhua” > “Shanli” > “Hongyang”.展开更多
Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production. Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality. Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock ...Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production. Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality. Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock for citrus production are compatibility and resistance, due to less information on the impacts of rootstock to the performance of scion varieties. This study aims to provide information on performances of navel orange varieties on different rootstocks. Three late-ripening navel orange varieties(Citrus sinensis var. Powell, Chislett and Banfield) grafted on seven rootstocks(Swingle citrumelo(C. paradisi× P. trifoliata), Carrizo citrange(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), X639(C. reticulata×P. trifoliata), MXT(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), Hongju(C. reticulata), Ziyang Xiangcheng(C. junos) and trifoliate orange(P. trifoliata)) were used as plant materials for comprehensive comparison of the performances on tree growth, fruit yield and quality in 21 scion–stock combinations. Investigation was carried out in these combinations in field nine years after planting. Vigorous growth of all the three late-ripening navel orange varieties was observed on Carrizo citrange with the largest canopy volume at 33.34 m3 and the highest yield at 29.43 kg per tree, but a low yield efficiency at 2.87 kg m–3. On the contrary, those on trifoliate orange had the smallest canopy volume at 10.79 m3 and the lowest fruit yield at 12.51 kg per tree, but the highest yield efficiency at 3.95 kg m–3. Rootstocks did not show significant effects on fruit size, fruit shape index, peel thickness and the edible rate of the fruits, but fruit quality was significantly affected by the rootstocks. Fruits from the trees grafted on trifoliate orange presented the best quality with significantly higher total soluble solids(TSS) content than those on Ziyang Xiangcheng and Hongju, and also the highest ratio of TSS/titratable acidity(TA). The TA content was observed from the fruits on X639 at 0.59 g 100 mL–1. Vitamin C(Vc) content of fruits on Hongju was the highest at 49.25 mg 100 mL–1. Growth vigor of the trees was positively correlated with fruit yield at an extremely significant level. The canopy volume was negatively correlated with yield efficiency, but positively correlated with compatibility index. Results of this study indicated that the rootstock has great impacts on the growth vigor of the tree, yield efficiency and quality of the fruit. In order to achieve good quality and yield efficiency for navel orange production, less growth vigor rootstock such as trifoliate orange is highly recommended.展开更多
To lay a biological foundation for rootstocks and alternate irrigation （AI） popularization, the effects of partial rootzone drying （PRD） on the growth of the grapevine Malvasia grafted on different rootstocks were...To lay a biological foundation for rootstocks and alternate irrigation （AI） popularization, the effects of partial rootzone drying （PRD） on the growth of the grapevine Malvasia grafted on different rootstocks were investigated. Biological effects of 1/2 divided root irrigation on three combinations, i.e., Malvasia/420A, Malvasia/3309C, and Malvasia/110R, were studied by wood-boxed plants. All the plants were separated into three groups for different irrigation strategies. Mass growth of new root in alternate-irrigated plants was remarkably promoted by about 7.8-22.2% higher than the well- watered ones. However, new shoot growth, especially the internode was reduced by alternate irrigation. The average root-shoot ratio of all the three combinations was increased from 1.1 to 1.46. New root growth and internode length were decreased by fixed partial rootzone irrigation （FI） at different amount, M/3309C at 37.9 and 36.9%, M/110R at 18.4 and 22.5%, respectively. Total biomass of all the three combinations under FI decreased at the rate of 19.2-34.3% compared with well-watered ones. Water stress adaptation of grapevine mainly depends on rootstock. 110R is more efficient than 3309C and 420A in water stress adaptation. PRD-AI benefited root growth, thus improved the drought-resistant ability of grapevine.展开更多
Coffee cultivation on dry area lately faces more often drought condition because of global warming effect. One effort to solve the problem is by using tolerant clones or varieties as the rootstocks. The aim of this re...Coffee cultivation on dry area lately faces more often drought condition because of global warming effect. One effort to solve the problem is by using tolerant clones or varieties as the rootstocks. The aim of this research is to observe influence of BP 308, BP 409, and Exelsa as rootstocks, on growth, yield and bean quality of BP 409, BP 534, BP 936 and BP 939 clones as scions. The research was conducted in Temanggung district of Central Java, Indonesia, using randomized complete block design with 5 replications 10 plants per replication. The result showed that rootstock influenced stem height and number of branches, leaf relative water content （RWC） during dry season, but not stem diameter. BP 308 and BP 409 rootstocks supplied water more than Exelsa, it seem RWC scion on both rootstocks were higher （82.0%） than that of Exelsa （80.0%）. Exelsa rootstock cause scion grow more slowly, so bean yield was lower than on BP 308 and BP 409. Yield accumulation until 4 years old on Exelsa was 55% to BP 308, and 52.2% to BP 409 rootstock. Yield of BP 939/BP 308 and BP 409/BP 409 （scion/rootstock） tend to the highest. Rootstocks did not influence percentage of normal and abnormal beans and the outturns. Bean outturn was more influenced by clones. Exelsa rootstock improves caffeine content, body, astringent and bitterness characters of scion cherries, but decreases fragrance and aroma characters of scion yield. It is concluded that farther taxonomical relationship of rootstock, their influence on scion growth, yield and cup test characters are stronger.展开更多
Different pumpkin rootstocks were used to study the effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of greenhouse cucumber in early spring. The results showed that the grafted cucumber could significan...Different pumpkin rootstocks were used to study the effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of greenhouse cucumber in early spring. The results showed that the grafted cucumber could significantly improve the production, and different rootstock had a certain effect on the survival rate and fruit quality. Jinhuanghou and Fengyijiajiewang as rootstock had the highest survival rate, which were 79.0% and 70.7%, respectively. As rootstocks of greenhouse cucumber, Jinhuanghou, Lvzhoujuxing, Fengyi, Huofenghuang, and Dawei No.17 were better than others according to taste, and Heizinangua, Jinhuanghou, Fengyi, Huofenghuang, and Dawei No. 17 were better according to output.展开更多
Nursery plant propagation by grafting has been widely used in modern viticulture to minimize the damage caused by biotic and abiotic stresses.In grapevine(Vitis spp.),an effective way to control disease damage is to p...Nursery plant propagation by grafting has been widely used in modern viticulture to minimize the damage caused by biotic and abiotic stresses.In grapevine(Vitis spp.),an effective way to control disease damage is to provide producers and growers with pathogen-free stock plants.In this study,five grapevine rootstock varieties,‘SO4’,‘101-14’,‘5BB’,‘110R’and‘1103P’,were selected as explants to establish an in vitro culture protocol,and three species of grapevine viruses were tested by real-time RT-PCR.The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA,1.0 mg/L 6-BA,0.5 mg/L KT,4.0 mg/L adenine for culture initiation,and WPM supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA for subculture were suitable for all five rootstock varieties,with multiplication coefficients ranging from 1.6 to 4.4.Virus testing showed that single RT-PCR was more effective for detecting the three viruses compared to double or triple RT-PCR.Only plantlets free from the aforementioned viruses were retained for subculture.Plantlets were hardened at room temperature under natural lighting in Hoagland solution for 2 weeks and transplanted to pots filled with mixed media in a greenhouse.This protocol is applicable for rapid propagation of the five grapevine rootstock varieties and can be used for commercial production of virus-free grapevine stocks.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different rootstocks on plant growth and fruit quality of watermelon. [Methods] The scions of two different watermelon varieties Qianmei No. 1,which has ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different rootstocks on plant growth and fruit quality of watermelon. [Methods] The scions of two different watermelon varieties Qianmei No. 1,which has yellow flesh,and Qianli No. 1,which has red flesh,were grafted onto six different rootstocks of Lagenaria and Citrullus. Then,the seedling survival rate,growth potential and fruit quality in different rootstock-scion combinations were investigated.[Results]Rootstock type showed an extremely significant correlation with the survival rate of grafted watermelon plants. The watermelons grafted onto Lagenaria rootstocks had higher survival rate and better fruit quality than those onto Cucurbita rootstocks. Among them,Jingxinzhenguan was more suitable for red-fleshed watermelon variety,and bottle gourd rootstock was more suitable for yellow-fleshed watermelon variety. There were significant correlations between rootstock type and the number of leaves,the number of branches and the length of main vine of grafted plants. The number of leaves per seedling of all grafted plants was higher than that of non-grafted plants. There were no significant differences in sugar content at the center part of flesh and total soluble sugar content of fruit between the grafted and non-grafted watermelons. In addition,the interaction between rootstock type and watermelon variety had no significant effect on vegetative growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelon. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the grafting of watermelon.展开更多
Stenting is a vegetative propagation method, based on cutting and grafting in one action. The question addressed in this study is whether indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration is able to impress success of Chinese...Stenting is a vegetative propagation method, based on cutting and grafting in one action. The question addressed in this study is whether indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration is able to impress success of Chinese hibiscus propagation when grafted onto two kinds of rootstocks. The used IBA concentrations include: 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm and two cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus (“Blue Stain” and “Jeanne d’Arc”), which have been used as rootstock. Results indicated that, all the cultivars were superior for most of the measured parameters when IBA treatments were used compared to control plants except for average of the longest root size. The highest healing percentage resulted in stentlings (plant which has been propagated by stenting method) with 5000 ppm of IBA treatment. All IBA treatments significantly increased rooting percentage compared with the control plants. Stentlings that were treated with 3000 and 5000 ppm of IBA, produced the greatest leave number. In Chinese hibiscus/“Jeanne d’Arc” combination, higher root number and dry weight of roots were observed. Interactions of kinds of rootstock and IBA concentration showed that the highest healing percentage was obtained in “Blue Stain” in concentration of 5000 ppm and the highest root number were seen in stentlings with “Jeanne d’Arc” in 3000 ppm and “Jeanne d’Arc” in 5000 ppm.展开更多
The experimental orchard on calcareous soils in the Tikves region has been established in 1999, in order to investigate the influence of the rootstocks on the behaviour of the peach trees. In the experiment we evaluat...The experimental orchard on calcareous soils in the Tikves region has been established in 1999, in order to investigate the influence of the rootstocks on the behaviour of the peach trees. In the experiment we evaluated next rootstocks： Nemaguard （Prunus persica × Prunus davidiana）, seedlings of GF 677 （Prunus persica ×Prunus amygdalus）, hybrids BMVA 1, BMVA 2, VAF 215 and Autochthones type and GF 677 （Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus） clonal. As control rootstocks in our experiment was used seedlings from vineyard peach （Prunus persica）. The experiment was established with one year old trees from Redhaven variety. Agronomical characteristics （vegetative growth, occurrence of leaf chlorosis, tree mortality, yield, productivity and fruit quality） of the trees on different rootstocks have been measured over a twelve-year period （1999-2010）. Significant differences on the level of P 〈 0.05 have been observed on vigour of the trees. The most vigorous trees were those on GF 677 clonal, GF 677 seedling and BMVA 2. The trees on Vineyard peach and Nemaguard was the weakest ones. The highest cumulative yield was recorded on GF-677 clonal rootstock, and the lowest on Nemaguard. Occurrence of chlorosis was the highest at Vineyard peach, Nemaguard and Autochthones hybrid, GF 677 clonal was the only rootstock without iron chlorosis. The percent of tree mortality to twelfth year was the highest at Autochthones hybrid （33.3）, and at GF 677 clonal and BMVA 1 had not tree mortality.展开更多
A wide survey was conducted to study plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)associated with Prunus groves in Spain.This research aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of PPNs in Prunus groves,as well as the influ...A wide survey was conducted to study plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)associated with Prunus groves in Spain.This research aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of PPNs in Prunus groves,as well as the influence of explanatory variables describing soil,climate and agricultural management in structuring the variation of PPNs community composition.A total of 218 sampling sites were surveyed and 84 PPN species belonging to 32 genera were identified based of an integrative taxonomic approach.PPN species considered as potential limiting factors in Prunus production,such as Meloidogyne arenaria,M.incognita,M.javanica,Pratylenchus penetrans and P.vulnus,were identified in this survey.Seven soil physico-chemical(C,Mg,N,Na,OM,P,pH and clay,loamy sand and sandy loam texture classes),four climate(Bio04,Bio05,Bio13 and Bio14)and four agricultural management variables(grove-use history less than 10 years,irrigation,apricot seedling rootstock,and Montclar rootstock)were identified as the most influential variables driving spatial patterns of PPNs communities.In particular,younger plantations showed higher values for species richness and diversity indices than groves cultivated for more than 20 years with Prunus spp.Our study increases the knowledge of the distribution and prevalence of PPNs associated with Prunus rhizosphere,as well as on the influence of explanatory variables driving the spatial structure PPNs communities,which has important implications for the successful design of sustainable management strategies in the future in this agricultural system.展开更多
Root regeneration is an important factor influencing the healing rate of graft union and the survival of double-root-cutting grafting.To date,little information is available on how to enhance root regeneration of root...Root regeneration is an important factor influencing the healing rate of graft union and the survival of double-root-cutting grafting.To date,little information is available on how to enhance root regeneration of rootstock in grafted watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)seedlings.In this study,the effects of different light treatments on root regeneration were determined.This revealed that addition of far-red light(Fr)could significantly expedite root formation in the rootstock.Moreover,the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that plant hormone pathway and auxinrelated genes were greatly induced by Fr,especially for auxin-response proteins(including CmIAA11,CmIAA17,and CmAUX28),Small auxinup RNA genes(including CmSAUR20 and CmSAUR50)and the auxin efflux transporter(CmPIN3).In addition,the expression of Phytochrome Interacting Factor(PIFs),such as CmPIF1,CmPIF3 and CmPIF7,was remarkably increased by Fr.These genes may act together to activate auxinrelated pathways under Fr treatment.Based on the results of HPLC-MS/MS analysis,the concentrations of different auxin-types in adventitious root were significantly influenced by Fr.Furthermore,the better growth of rootstock root displayed superior vasculature transport activity of the graft union with Fr treatment,which was determined by the acid magenta dyeing experiment.Therefore,all the results suggested that Fr could induce AR formation in rootstocks,which may be associated with the auxin accumulation by regulating the transcriptional level of auxinrelated and PIF genes.The findings of this study demonstrated a practicable way to shorten the healing period of graftings and improve the quality of grafted watermelon seedlings,which will provide a theoretical basis for the speeding development of industrialized seedlings production.展开更多
基金Supported by National Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System Construction Project(CARS-29-14)Chuzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(2022ZN004)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Mission Project(2023tpt027)Special Project of Chief Expert Studio of Agricultural Industry in Hefei City,Anhui Province(2023).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to enrich grape varieties.[Methods]The growth and fruit quality of grape with different rootstock and scion combinations were compared and analyzed taking CR2,CR3 and CR9 as rootstocks and‘Huangjinmi’as grafted seedlings and own-rooted seedlings as control.[Results]The comprehensive scores of‘Huangjinmi’grape with different rootstock and scion combinations showed an order of HJM/CR9,HJM/CR2 and HJM/CR3 from high to low.The three rootstock and scion combinations obviously promoted the growth and adaptability of grape trees,increased fruit size and improved fruit quality.Through the quality analysis of untreated and treated fruits,HJM/CR9 was superior to ZGM.Different fruit management measures can be adopted for‘Huangjinmi’grape to produce fruit with different quality according to market demand.[Conclusions]This study has a guiding significance for screening grape varieties suitable for adverse environments such as high soil viscosity,high temperature and high humidity.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(19226817D)China Apple Research System(CARS-27)+1 种基金Key Technology R&D Program of Hebei Province(16226312D-2)Basic Research Fund Youth Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2021100102).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to provide a reference for screening dwarfing rootstock suitable for main spur-type Fuji cultivars in central and southern Hebei Province.[Methods]With spur-type Fuji‘Tianhong 2’as the material,the vegetative growth,yield and fruit quality of 8 different rootstock-scion combinations were compared.[Results]‘Tianhong 2’/SH6 as self-rooted rootstock had large average single fruit weight(256.33 g),large number of fruits per plant(188.68),the highest yield[(3250.08±23.42)kg/667 m ^(2)]and the highest colored area(93.5%),and the soluble solid content reached the requirement of high quality fruit(15.78%).[Conclusions]In central and southern Hebei Province,‘Tianhong 2’grafted on SH6 self-rooted rootstock has moderate growth,high yield and good fruit quality,so it can be considered as the preferred rootstock-scion combination in the local area.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation in Guangxi Province(0728040)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aims to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system of different Citrus rootstock leaves. [Method] Potted plant experiments were carried out to control the water content of soil in pots,in order to investigate the effects of drought stress on antioxidation system activity （SOD,POD and CAT） and the content of protein,GSH,MDA and O-·2 from the leaves of Shandong Zhike,Ningminju,Yangshuojinbaosuanju,Huapijinju and Guizhi No.1. [Result] The content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll （a＋b） from the test 5 breeds decreased with the enhancement of drought stress,and there were significant differences between them and the control under the severe stress; the activities of SOD,POD and CAT from the 5 breeds increased as the drought stress strengthened; the content of soluble protein declined while that of GSH,MDA and O-·2 rose because of the drought stress. [Conclusion] This research provided a good reference to choose the breeds of citrus rootstocks in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金financially supported by Management of the Faculty of Agriculture and Cario Univerisity
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of humic acid on nematode infected,resistant and susceptible grapes in relation to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant mechanisms on selected biochemical parameters known as proactive substances.Methods:The grape rootstocks,superior,superior/ freedom and freedom were reacted differently to Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis according to rootstock progenitor.Two weeks after inoculation,two commercial products of humic acid were applied at the rate of(2,4 mL or grams/plant) as soil drench.After 4 months,nematode soil populations were extracted and counted.A subsample of roots from each plant was stained and gall numbers,embedded stages per root were calculated,final population, nematode build up(Pf/Pi),average of eggs/eggmass were estimated.Subsamples of fresh root of each treatment were chemically analyzed.Results:Freedom reduced significantly the nematode criteria and build up.Humic acid granules appeared to be more suppressive to nematode build up on superior and the higher dose on superior/freedom than liquid treatments.On freedom,all treatments reduced significantly the nematode build up regardless to the material nature.The higher dose was more effective than the lower one.As a result of humic acid applications,the malondialdehyde(MDA) and H_2O_2 contents were significandy reduced after humic acid treatments while the antioxidant compounds glutathione(GSH),ascorbic acid(ASA) and total phenol contents were significandy increased when compared with check.Antioxidant defense enzymes ascorbate peroxidase(AFX),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) showed significant increase in their specific activities in treated plants compared with nematode treated check.Conclnsions:Humic acid treatments improve we yield of grape by increasing the contents of antioxidant compounds and the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes.
文摘In this study carried out in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons, effect of rootstocks on plant nutrition partitioning in grafted watermelon onto four gourd rootstocks was investigated. Ferro, RS841 (Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata) and Argentario and Macis (Lagenaria hybrid) were used as rootstocks. Crimson Tide and Crisby watermelon cultivars were used as scion. Grafted and ungrafted seedlings were produced by a commercial seedling company. Plants were grafted by one cotyledon grafting techniques. Experiment was conducted in Alata Horticultural Research Station inMersin. The grafted plants were planted under low tunnel in early spring and regular cultural practices for watermelon were applied. Plant nutrition concentrations were determined in leaf, fruit rind, fruit flesh and seeds. Leaf sample was taken at flowering stage, rind, flesh and seed sample were taken from fully mature fruit. Nitrogen concentration was determined by modified Kjheldahl methods. Phosphorous concentration was determined by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method. K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentration of samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plant nutrient concentration in leaf, rind, flesh and seed were significantly affected by rootstocks. Increase in concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaves was not observed in grafted plant. Ungrafted plant had higher concentration of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in their leaves. Ca concentration in rind of fruits from grafted watermelon was higher than ungrafted control plant except Crimson Tide/Macis and Crimson Tide/Argentario graft combinations. Plant nutrition content of fruit flesh was significantly affected by rootstocks and scion. Magnesium, Fe, Zn and Mn concentration of seed was not significantly influenced by rootstocks and scion while other plant nutrient content was significantly affected rootstocks and scion.
基金supported by Shaanxi Apple Industry Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:2020zdzx03-0-04Science and Technology Activity Fund for Returnees Studying Abroad of Shaanxi Province,Grant/Award Number:2020-07Cyrus Tang Foundation and the earmarked fund CARS,Grant/Award Number:CARS-27.
文摘The drought resistance of eight commonly used apple rootstocks under natural drought conditions was examined to provide clues for the selection,promotion,and utilization of drought-resistant apple rootstocks.The ultrastructural differences and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the leaves of eight apple rootstocks under drought stress were observed.The index changes were used to rank drought resistance by the membership function method comprehensively.The results showed that the leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness,net photosynthetic rate,and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in‘Fupingqiuzi'than those of other rootstocks at various stress conditions.The leaf water content and water use efficiency of'Qingzhen 1'were significantly higher than those of other rootstocks under different stress conditions.The root vigor of‘B.9'was significantly higher than that of other rootstocks.The results of membership function analysis showed that the drought resistance of different rootstocks was in the order:‘Fupingqiuzi'>‘Qingzhen 1'>‘B.9'>‘MM.111'>‘GM256'>‘MM.106'>‘M.26'>‘M.9-Nic29'.‘Fupingqiuzi'had the strongest drought resistance,and‘Qingzhen 1'and‘B.9'were also relatively droughtresistant.These rootstocks can be used as raw materials for drought-resistant apple rootstock breeding and are propagated and utilized in arid areas.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Gansu Province,China(035-041051)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(145RJZA167)
文摘A study was conducted in attempting to identify the cold-resistant apple rootstocks and to establish a comprehensive evaluation system. In this study, 10 elite apple dwarfing rootstocks(GM256, JM7, M26, M7, SC1, SH1, SH38, SH6, M9, and T337) were employed for the experiment and the following parameters were investigated under different low temperature stress conditions(0, –15, –20, –25, –30, and –35°C): the changes of the relative electrical conductivity(REC), anthocyanin content, protein content, soluble sugar content, soluble starch content, proline content, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, and peroxidase(POD) activity of the dormant branches. The inflection temperature that could represent the plant tissue semi-lethal temperature(LT) was obtained by the measurements of REC. The LTwas used to evaluate eight other indices. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between LTand POD activity as well as between the soluble sugar, protein and proline contents at 0 and –15°C. Soluble starch content at 0 and –15°C and anthocyanin content at –15–(–30)°C were significantly but negatively correlated to the LT50 and the MDA content at 0–(–20)°C was significantly positively correlated to the LT. Statistical analysis based on principal component analysis and LT50 showed that cold resistant apple rootstocks in the decreasing order from high to low as GM256, SH6, SH38, SH1, SC1, M26, M7, JM7, T337, and M9.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401830)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (QN2011006)the Talent Special Fund of Northwest A&F University, China (Z111020904)
文摘Alkaline soils have a great inlfuence on apple production in Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive evaluations of toler-ance to such stress are important when selecting the most suitable apple rootstocks. We used hydroponics culturing to test 17 genotypes of apple rootstocks after treatment with 1：1Na2CO3and NaHCO3. When compared with the normaly grown controls, stressed plants produced fewer new leaves, and had shorter roots and shoots and lower fresh and dry weights after 15 d of exposure to alkaline conditions. Their root/shoot ratios were also reduced, indicating that the roots had been severely damaged. For al stressed rootstocks, electrolyte leakage （EL） and the concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA） increased while levels of chlorophyl decreased. Changes in root activity （up or down）, as wel as the activities of peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and catalase （CAT） were rootstock-dependent, possibly relfecting their differences in alkali tolerance. Using alkali injury index （AI）, adversity resistance coefifcients （ARC）,cluster analysis, and evaluation of their physiological responses, we classiifed these 17 genotypes into three groups： （1） high tolerance： Hubeihaitang, Wushanbianyehaitang, Laoshanhaitang Ls2, Xiaojinbianyehaitang, and Fupingqiuzi; （2） moderate tolerance： Pingyitiancha, Laoshanhaitang Ls3, Hubeihaitang A1, Deqinhaitang, Balenghaitang, Maoshandingzi, Shandingzi, and Xinjiangyepingguo; or （3） low tolerance： Pingdinghaitang, Hongsanyehaitang, Xiaojinhaitang, and Sanyehaitang. These results wil signiifcantly contribute to the selection of the most suitable materials for rootstocks with desired levels of tolerance to alkali stress.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27)
文摘Soil alkalinity is a major factor that restricts the growth of apple roots.To analyze the response of apple roots to alkali stress, the root structure and endogenous hormones of two apple rootstocks, Malus prunifolia (alkali-tolerant) and Malus hupehensis (alkali-sensitive), were compared. To understand alkali tolerance of M. prunifolia at the molecular level, transcriptome analysis was performed. When plants were cultured in alkaline conditions for 15 d, the root growth of M. hupehensis with weak alkali tolerance decreased significantly. Analysis of endogenous hormone levels showed that the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in M. hupehensis under alkali stress were lower than those in the control. However, the trend for IAA and ZR in M. prunifolia was the opposite. The concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in the roots of the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress increased, but the concentration of ABA in the roots of M. prunifolia was higher than that in M. hupehensis. The expression of IAA-related genes ARF5, GH3.6, SAUR36, and SAUR32 and the Cytokinin (CTK)-related gene IPT5 in M. prunifolia was higher than those in the control, but the expression of these genes in M. hupehensis was lower than those in the control. The expression of ABA-related genes CIPK1 and AHK1 increased in the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress, but the expression of CIPK1 and AHK1 in M. prunifolia was higher than in M. hupehensis. These results demonstrated that under alkali stress, the increase of IAA, ZR, and ABA in roots and the increase of the expression of related genes promoted the growth of roots and improved the alkali tolerance of apple rootstocks.
文摘In this thesis, 10 species of kiwifruit rootstocks were treated with hydroponics hypoxia to study their root zone hypoxia tolerance. The results were as follows: growth of all kiwifruit seedlings was inhibited. The max length of new root, plant height, plant biomass, root activity, relative growth rate of leaves, and content of chlorophyll in leaves under root zone hypoxia stress obviously declined comparing with control. MDA content, relative conductance in the leaves and roots all increased in 10 kinds of kiwifruit seedlings. The sensitivities of 10 kinds’ kiwifruit seedlings to hypoxia stress were obviously different. With the method of subordinate function and cluster analysis, the adversity resistance coefficient of 10 kinds’ kiwifruit seedlings, were comprehensively evaluated in order to appraise their hypoxia-tolerance abilities. According to the results, “Hayward”, “Qinmei”, “Jinxiang”, “Kuoye”, “Huayou” kiwifruit seedlings held higher tolerance to root zone hypoxia stress, while “Hongyang” kiwifruit seedlings were sensitive to root zone hypoxia stress. The others, including “Xixuan”, “Maohua”, “Jinhua”, “Shanli” kiwifruit seedlings kept moderate resistant intensity to root zone hypoxia stress. The kiwifruit seedlings’ resistance order from strong to weak was: “Hayward” > “Qinmei” > “Jinxiang” > “Kuoye” > “Huayou” > “Xixuan” > “Maohua” > “Jinhua” > “Shanli” > “Hongyang”.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD1000101 and2018YFD0201503)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-26)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(XDJK2016B024)the National Citrus Engineering Research Center,China (NCERC)the earmarked fund for Chongqing Special&Economic Agriculture Research System on Late Maturation Citrus,Chinathe Basic Research and Frontier Exploration Projects in Chongqing,China(cstc2018jcyjAX0400)。
文摘Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production. Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality. Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock for citrus production are compatibility and resistance, due to less information on the impacts of rootstock to the performance of scion varieties. This study aims to provide information on performances of navel orange varieties on different rootstocks. Three late-ripening navel orange varieties(Citrus sinensis var. Powell, Chislett and Banfield) grafted on seven rootstocks(Swingle citrumelo(C. paradisi× P. trifoliata), Carrizo citrange(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), X639(C. reticulata×P. trifoliata), MXT(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), Hongju(C. reticulata), Ziyang Xiangcheng(C. junos) and trifoliate orange(P. trifoliata)) were used as plant materials for comprehensive comparison of the performances on tree growth, fruit yield and quality in 21 scion–stock combinations. Investigation was carried out in these combinations in field nine years after planting. Vigorous growth of all the three late-ripening navel orange varieties was observed on Carrizo citrange with the largest canopy volume at 33.34 m3 and the highest yield at 29.43 kg per tree, but a low yield efficiency at 2.87 kg m–3. On the contrary, those on trifoliate orange had the smallest canopy volume at 10.79 m3 and the lowest fruit yield at 12.51 kg per tree, but the highest yield efficiency at 3.95 kg m–3. Rootstocks did not show significant effects on fruit size, fruit shape index, peel thickness and the edible rate of the fruits, but fruit quality was significantly affected by the rootstocks. Fruits from the trees grafted on trifoliate orange presented the best quality with significantly higher total soluble solids(TSS) content than those on Ziyang Xiangcheng and Hongju, and also the highest ratio of TSS/titratable acidity(TA). The TA content was observed from the fruits on X639 at 0.59 g 100 mL–1. Vitamin C(Vc) content of fruits on Hongju was the highest at 49.25 mg 100 mL–1. Growth vigor of the trees was positively correlated with fruit yield at an extremely significant level. The canopy volume was negatively correlated with yield efficiency, but positively correlated with compatibility index. Results of this study indicated that the rootstock has great impacts on the growth vigor of the tree, yield efficiency and quality of the fruit. In order to achieve good quality and yield efficiency for navel orange production, less growth vigor rootstock such as trifoliate orange is highly recommended.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30471197).
文摘To lay a biological foundation for rootstocks and alternate irrigation （AI） popularization, the effects of partial rootzone drying （PRD） on the growth of the grapevine Malvasia grafted on different rootstocks were investigated. Biological effects of 1/2 divided root irrigation on three combinations, i.e., Malvasia/420A, Malvasia/3309C, and Malvasia/110R, were studied by wood-boxed plants. All the plants were separated into three groups for different irrigation strategies. Mass growth of new root in alternate-irrigated plants was remarkably promoted by about 7.8-22.2% higher than the well- watered ones. However, new shoot growth, especially the internode was reduced by alternate irrigation. The average root-shoot ratio of all the three combinations was increased from 1.1 to 1.46. New root growth and internode length were decreased by fixed partial rootzone irrigation （FI） at different amount, M/3309C at 37.9 and 36.9%, M/110R at 18.4 and 22.5%, respectively. Total biomass of all the three combinations under FI decreased at the rate of 19.2-34.3% compared with well-watered ones. Water stress adaptation of grapevine mainly depends on rootstock. 110R is more efficient than 3309C and 420A in water stress adaptation. PRD-AI benefited root growth, thus improved the drought-resistant ability of grapevine.
文摘Coffee cultivation on dry area lately faces more often drought condition because of global warming effect. One effort to solve the problem is by using tolerant clones or varieties as the rootstocks. The aim of this research is to observe influence of BP 308, BP 409, and Exelsa as rootstocks, on growth, yield and bean quality of BP 409, BP 534, BP 936 and BP 939 clones as scions. The research was conducted in Temanggung district of Central Java, Indonesia, using randomized complete block design with 5 replications 10 plants per replication. The result showed that rootstock influenced stem height and number of branches, leaf relative water content （RWC） during dry season, but not stem diameter. BP 308 and BP 409 rootstocks supplied water more than Exelsa, it seem RWC scion on both rootstocks were higher （82.0%） than that of Exelsa （80.0%）. Exelsa rootstock cause scion grow more slowly, so bean yield was lower than on BP 308 and BP 409. Yield accumulation until 4 years old on Exelsa was 55% to BP 308, and 52.2% to BP 409 rootstock. Yield of BP 939/BP 308 and BP 409/BP 409 （scion/rootstock） tend to the highest. Rootstocks did not influence percentage of normal and abnormal beans and the outturns. Bean outturn was more influenced by clones. Exelsa rootstock improves caffeine content, body, astringent and bitterness characters of scion cherries, but decreases fragrance and aroma characters of scion yield. It is concluded that farther taxonomical relationship of rootstock, their influence on scion growth, yield and cup test characters are stronger.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Undergraduation of Northeast Agricultural University (20070206)
文摘Different pumpkin rootstocks were used to study the effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of greenhouse cucumber in early spring. The results showed that the grafted cucumber could significantly improve the production, and different rootstock had a certain effect on the survival rate and fruit quality. Jinhuanghou and Fengyijiajiewang as rootstock had the highest survival rate, which were 79.0% and 70.7%, respectively. As rootstocks of greenhouse cucumber, Jinhuanghou, Lvzhoujuxing, Fengyi, Huofenghuang, and Dawei No.17 were better than others according to taste, and Heizinangua, Jinhuanghou, Fengyi, Huofenghuang, and Dawei No. 17 were better according to output.
文摘Nursery plant propagation by grafting has been widely used in modern viticulture to minimize the damage caused by biotic and abiotic stresses.In grapevine(Vitis spp.),an effective way to control disease damage is to provide producers and growers with pathogen-free stock plants.In this study,five grapevine rootstock varieties,‘SO4’,‘101-14’,‘5BB’,‘110R’and‘1103P’,were selected as explants to establish an in vitro culture protocol,and three species of grapevine viruses were tested by real-time RT-PCR.The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA,1.0 mg/L 6-BA,0.5 mg/L KT,4.0 mg/L adenine for culture initiation,and WPM supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA for subculture were suitable for all five rootstock varieties,with multiplication coefficients ranging from 1.6 to 4.4.Virus testing showed that single RT-PCR was more effective for detecting the three viruses compared to double or triple RT-PCR.Only plantlets free from the aforementioned viruses were retained for subculture.Plantlets were hardened at room temperature under natural lighting in Hoagland solution for 2 weeks and transplanted to pots filled with mixed media in a greenhouse.This protocol is applicable for rapid propagation of the five grapevine rootstock varieties and can be used for commercial production of virus-free grapevine stocks.
基金Supported by the fund for Evaluation and Screening of Different Rootstocks for Watermelon(SQCX2017-03)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different rootstocks on plant growth and fruit quality of watermelon. [Methods] The scions of two different watermelon varieties Qianmei No. 1,which has yellow flesh,and Qianli No. 1,which has red flesh,were grafted onto six different rootstocks of Lagenaria and Citrullus. Then,the seedling survival rate,growth potential and fruit quality in different rootstock-scion combinations were investigated.[Results]Rootstock type showed an extremely significant correlation with the survival rate of grafted watermelon plants. The watermelons grafted onto Lagenaria rootstocks had higher survival rate and better fruit quality than those onto Cucurbita rootstocks. Among them,Jingxinzhenguan was more suitable for red-fleshed watermelon variety,and bottle gourd rootstock was more suitable for yellow-fleshed watermelon variety. There were significant correlations between rootstock type and the number of leaves,the number of branches and the length of main vine of grafted plants. The number of leaves per seedling of all grafted plants was higher than that of non-grafted plants. There were no significant differences in sugar content at the center part of flesh and total soluble sugar content of fruit between the grafted and non-grafted watermelons. In addition,the interaction between rootstock type and watermelon variety had no significant effect on vegetative growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelon. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the grafting of watermelon.
文摘Stenting is a vegetative propagation method, based on cutting and grafting in one action. The question addressed in this study is whether indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration is able to impress success of Chinese hibiscus propagation when grafted onto two kinds of rootstocks. The used IBA concentrations include: 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm and two cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus (“Blue Stain” and “Jeanne d’Arc”), which have been used as rootstock. Results indicated that, all the cultivars were superior for most of the measured parameters when IBA treatments were used compared to control plants except for average of the longest root size. The highest healing percentage resulted in stentlings (plant which has been propagated by stenting method) with 5000 ppm of IBA treatment. All IBA treatments significantly increased rooting percentage compared with the control plants. Stentlings that were treated with 3000 and 5000 ppm of IBA, produced the greatest leave number. In Chinese hibiscus/“Jeanne d’Arc” combination, higher root number and dry weight of roots were observed. Interactions of kinds of rootstock and IBA concentration showed that the highest healing percentage was obtained in “Blue Stain” in concentration of 5000 ppm and the highest root number were seen in stentlings with “Jeanne d’Arc” in 3000 ppm and “Jeanne d’Arc” in 5000 ppm.
文摘The experimental orchard on calcareous soils in the Tikves region has been established in 1999, in order to investigate the influence of the rootstocks on the behaviour of the peach trees. In the experiment we evaluated next rootstocks： Nemaguard （Prunus persica × Prunus davidiana）, seedlings of GF 677 （Prunus persica ×Prunus amygdalus）, hybrids BMVA 1, BMVA 2, VAF 215 and Autochthones type and GF 677 （Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus） clonal. As control rootstocks in our experiment was used seedlings from vineyard peach （Prunus persica）. The experiment was established with one year old trees from Redhaven variety. Agronomical characteristics （vegetative growth, occurrence of leaf chlorosis, tree mortality, yield, productivity and fruit quality） of the trees on different rootstocks have been measured over a twelve-year period （1999-2010）. Significant differences on the level of P 〈 0.05 have been observed on vigour of the trees. The most vigorous trees were those on GF 677 clonal, GF 677 seedling and BMVA 2. The trees on Vineyard peach and Nemaguard was the weakest ones. The highest cumulative yield was recorded on GF-677 clonal rootstock, and the lowest on Nemaguard. Occurrence of chlorosis was the highest at Vineyard peach, Nemaguard and Autochthones hybrid, GF 677 clonal was the only rootstock without iron chlorosis. The percent of tree mortality to twelfth year was the highest at Autochthones hybrid （33.3）, and at GF 677 clonal and BMVA 1 had not tree mortality.
基金supported by the grant RTI2018-095925-A-100,“Interactions among soil microorganisms as a tool for the sustainability of the resistance of rootstocks fruit trees against plant-parasitic nematodes”funded by Ministry of Science and Innovation(MCIN)and by European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)“A way of making Europe”The first author is a recipient of grant(PRE2019-090206)funded by European Social Fund(ESF)“Investing in your future”。
文摘A wide survey was conducted to study plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)associated with Prunus groves in Spain.This research aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of PPNs in Prunus groves,as well as the influence of explanatory variables describing soil,climate and agricultural management in structuring the variation of PPNs community composition.A total of 218 sampling sites were surveyed and 84 PPN species belonging to 32 genera were identified based of an integrative taxonomic approach.PPN species considered as potential limiting factors in Prunus production,such as Meloidogyne arenaria,M.incognita,M.javanica,Pratylenchus penetrans and P.vulnus,were identified in this survey.Seven soil physico-chemical(C,Mg,N,Na,OM,P,pH and clay,loamy sand and sandy loam texture classes),four climate(Bio04,Bio05,Bio13 and Bio14)and four agricultural management variables(grove-use history less than 10 years,irrigation,apricot seedling rootstock,and Montclar rootstock)were identified as the most influential variables driving spatial patterns of PPNs communities.In particular,younger plantations showed higher values for species richness and diversity indices than groves cultivated for more than 20 years with Prunus spp.Our study increases the knowledge of the distribution and prevalence of PPNs associated with Prunus rhizosphere,as well as on the influence of explanatory variables driving the spatial structure PPNs communities,which has important implications for the successful design of sustainable management strategies in the future in this agricultural system.
基金supported by Jiangsu Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science Foundation,Grant No.BK20241175)The project of Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River[Grant No.(23)3104]Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[Grant No.CX(21)2022]。
文摘Root regeneration is an important factor influencing the healing rate of graft union and the survival of double-root-cutting grafting.To date,little information is available on how to enhance root regeneration of rootstock in grafted watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)seedlings.In this study,the effects of different light treatments on root regeneration were determined.This revealed that addition of far-red light(Fr)could significantly expedite root formation in the rootstock.Moreover,the results of transcriptome analysis revealed that plant hormone pathway and auxinrelated genes were greatly induced by Fr,especially for auxin-response proteins(including CmIAA11,CmIAA17,and CmAUX28),Small auxinup RNA genes(including CmSAUR20 and CmSAUR50)and the auxin efflux transporter(CmPIN3).In addition,the expression of Phytochrome Interacting Factor(PIFs),such as CmPIF1,CmPIF3 and CmPIF7,was remarkably increased by Fr.These genes may act together to activate auxinrelated pathways under Fr treatment.Based on the results of HPLC-MS/MS analysis,the concentrations of different auxin-types in adventitious root were significantly influenced by Fr.Furthermore,the better growth of rootstock root displayed superior vasculature transport activity of the graft union with Fr treatment,which was determined by the acid magenta dyeing experiment.Therefore,all the results suggested that Fr could induce AR formation in rootstocks,which may be associated with the auxin accumulation by regulating the transcriptional level of auxinrelated and PIF genes.The findings of this study demonstrated a practicable way to shorten the healing period of graftings and improve the quality of grafted watermelon seedlings,which will provide a theoretical basis for the speeding development of industrialized seedlings production.
