This study discussed the application of response surface methodology(RSM)and central composite rotatable design(CCRD)for modeling and optimization of the influence of some operating variables on the performance of a l...This study discussed the application of response surface methodology(RSM)and central composite rotatable design(CCRD)for modeling and optimization of the influence of some operating variables on the performance of a lab scale thickener for dewatering of tailing in the flotation circuit.Four thickener operating variables,namely feed flowrate,solid percent,flocculant dosage and feedwell height were changed during the tests based on CCRD.The ranges of values of the thickener variables used in the design were a feed flowrate of 9–21 L/min,solid percent of 8%–20%,flocculant dosage of 1.25–4.25 g/t and feedwell height of 16–26 cm.A total of 30 thickening tests were conducted using lab scale thickener on flotation tailing obtained from the Sarcheshmeh copper mine,Iran.The underflow solid percent and bed height were expressed as functions of four operating parameters of thickener.Predicted values were found to be in good agreement with experimental values(R2values of 0.992 and 0.997 for underflow solid percent and bed height,respectively).This study has shown that the RSM and CCRD could effciently be applied for the modeling of thickener for dewatering of flotation tailing.展开更多
The conversion of rice hulls into fermentable saccharides was explored through steam pretreatment employing 2.5% SO_(2).The in teraction between temperature and time was assessed by means of the response surface metho...The conversion of rice hulls into fermentable saccharides was explored through steam pretreatment employing 2.5% SO_(2).The in teraction between temperature and time was assessed by means of the response surface method to achieve optimum contents of C6-sugars in water-insoluble solids(WIS)and C5-sugars in the liquor.Pretreatment carried out at 218℃ for 2.3 min released liquor containing 55.4 g/L of sugars(29.1 g/L of xylose).In parallel,the WIS was subjected to enzymatic saccharification using different solid and enzyme loads via an experimental design:assays using 22.0% WIS and 20.0 filter paper units(FPU)/g led to 90.6 g/L of glucose,corresponding to a yield of 86.4% and an overall yield of 72.4%.The data reported are the highest ever found for such raw material,making it attractive to compete with conventi on al lig no cellulosic biomass.展开更多
A response surface modeling approach for simultaneous optimization of optical purity and yield was applied to the resolution of tartaric acid to study the effects of both the amount of the solvent and the amount of th...A response surface modeling approach for simultaneous optimization of optical purity and yield was applied to the resolution of tartaric acid to study the effects of both the amount of the solvent and the amount of the resolving agent a-methylbenzyl amine on the resolution results. The direction of changing the experimental conditions was determined from the initial response study, and expected high yield of the pure L(+)-tartaric acid-L(-)-a-methylbenzyl amine salt was obtained.展开更多
In this study, single and interactive effect of three parameters, pH, ferrous and pulp concentration has been investigated by a 2^3 full factorial CCRD （central composite rotatable design） composed of eight factoria...In this study, single and interactive effect of three parameters, pH, ferrous and pulp concentration has been investigated by a 2^3 full factorial CCRD （central composite rotatable design） composed of eight factorial points, six central and six axial points. Initially, ＂none＂ mode from transformation subsection was chosen as the default choice for both responses, i.e. %recovery and gram of recovered zinc. Box-Cox plots give the best Lambda for each response （y^Lambda= f （A, B, C .....）） which occur at 1.91 and 2.16 for %recovey and gram of recovered zinc, respectively. A linear （y^1.91 = f （linear）） and a quadratic （y^2. 16= f （quadratic）） equation were suggested by software as the model for %recovery and gram of recovered zinc, respectively. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） for both models shows a high coefficient of determination （R^2）. In order to optimize and find the best conditions under which three parameters occur appropriately, optimization was done numerically. Desirability plots indicate properly that the best conditions occur at pH = 1.46, ferrous = 6.67 g/L, %pulp = 7.1 （%w/v）, %recovery = 86.5, gram of recovered zinc = 0.63 g and desirability = 0.777. Finally, PRP （progressive route of the process） analysis donates us a proper insight of what is happening during these 30 days. PRP analysis categorizes flasks in two parts, 1- flasks worth economically, 2- flasks with one-time-usable feed materials.展开更多
Effects of Mg^2＋, NTPs and Taq DNA polymerase in pear SSR-PCR system were analyzed by quadratic regressive orthogonal rotational combinational design. Results showed： absolute IOD （Integrated OD of each band） valu...Effects of Mg^2＋, NTPs and Taq DNA polymerase in pear SSR-PCR system were analyzed by quadratic regressive orthogonal rotational combinational design. Results showed： absolute IOD （Integrated OD of each band） value of target band reduced with concentration rising of Mg^2＋ and Taq DNA polymerase, but heightened with concentration rising of dNTPs. The decay rate of absolute IOD value increased progressively with rising Mg^2＋ concentration, decreased gradually with rising Taq DNA polymerase concentration; the rising speed would be slower than the dNTPs increase. Absolute IOD value would reduce with concentration rising of dNTPs at a low level of Mg^2＋ concentration. Conversely it would rise with the increase of dNTPs while high Mg^2＋ concentration. Absolute IOD value would generally rise with concentration rising of Taq DNA polymerase while low Mg^2＋ concentration. On the contrary it would reduce with concentration rising of Taq DNA polymerase while high Mg^2＋ concentration.展开更多
Rotatability is a desirable quality of fitting response surface experimental designs. The propertystates that the variance of the estimated response made from the Taylor’s series expansion areconstant on circles, sph...Rotatability is a desirable quality of fitting response surface experimental designs. The propertystates that the variance of the estimated response made from the Taylor’s series expansion areconstant on circles, spheres and hyper-spheres about the centre of the design. In this article,a measure of rotatability of modified second-order rotatable design is presented. The variancefunction of a second-order response design and an infinite class of supplementary difference setsis used in coming up with the design.展开更多
The technique of fitting a response surface design is useful in modelling of experimental designs.Response surface is used in situations where the response of interest is influenced by several experimental variables.T...The technique of fitting a response surface design is useful in modelling of experimental designs.Response surface is used in situations where the response of interest is influenced by several experimental variables.The objective of fitting a response surface design is to reduce cost of experimentation and to obtain optimal designs.The property of rotatability is a desirable quantity of experimental design and requires the variance of the fitted design to be constant on circles or spheres about the centre of the design.In this article,a construction technique of fitting modified non-sequential third order rotatable design(TORD)using Pairwise Balanced Design(PBD)is presented.The variance function of a third order response surface design and the properties of Pairwise Balanced Design are utilised for the construction.展开更多
Glyphosate is an important organophosphonate herbicide used to eliminate grasses and herbaceous plants in many vegetation management situations.Its extensive use is causing environmental pollution,and consequently,the...Glyphosate is an important organophosphonate herbicide used to eliminate grasses and herbaceous plants in many vegetation management situations.Its extensive use is causing environmental pollution,and consequently,there is a need to remove it from the environment using an eco-friendly and cost-effective method.As a step to address this problem,a novel bacterial strain Comamonas odontotermitis F2,capable to utilize glyphosate as a carbon(C)and/or phosphorus(P)source,was isolated from a glyphostate-contaminated field soil in Australia and characterized.Response surface methodology(RSM)employing a 2^3 full factorial central composite design was used to optimize glyphosate degradation by C.odontotermitis P2 under various culture conditions.The strain C.odontotermitis P2 was proficient in degrading 1.5 g L^-1 glyphosate completely within 104 h.The optimal conditions for the degradation of glyphosate were found to be pH 7.4,29.9℃,and an inoculum density of 0.54 g L^-1,resulting in a maximum degradation of 90%.Sequencing of glyphosate oxidoreductase(GOX)and C-P lyase(phnJ)genes from C.odontotermitis P2 revealed 999c and 93%identities to already reported bacterial GOX and phnJ genes,respectively.The presence of these two genes in C.odontotermitis indicates its potential to degrade glyphosate through GOX and C-P lyase metabolic pathways.This study demonstrates the potential of C.odontotermitis P2 for efficient degradation of glyphosate,which can be exploited for remediation of glyphosate.展开更多
Though subjective feelings affected by lighting have been studied a lot,multivariate experimental studies are lacking in this research field.Central composite rotatable design(CCRD)was applied to investigate the influ...Though subjective feelings affected by lighting have been studied a lot,multivariate experimental studies are lacking in this research field.Central composite rotatable design(CCRD)was applied to investigate the influence of illuminance,correlated color temperature(CCT)and illuminance uniformity on satisfaction in this study.A series of subject experiments were carried out and polynomial regression models of luminous satisfaction for different activity scenarios were generated.Illuminance and CCT affected the satisfaction significantly in visual task scenarios,and the effect of them was independent with each other,which was demonstrated by the regression model(R2=0.89).The variation of luminous satisfaction in general activity scenarios cannot be fully explained by the three investigated factors.The results contributed to the knowledge of multivariate analysis of luminous environment and indicated that much could be expected referring to the application of CCRD in this field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Iranian Copper Industry Co.
文摘This study discussed the application of response surface methodology(RSM)and central composite rotatable design(CCRD)for modeling and optimization of the influence of some operating variables on the performance of a lab scale thickener for dewatering of tailing in the flotation circuit.Four thickener operating variables,namely feed flowrate,solid percent,flocculant dosage and feedwell height were changed during the tests based on CCRD.The ranges of values of the thickener variables used in the design were a feed flowrate of 9–21 L/min,solid percent of 8%–20%,flocculant dosage of 1.25–4.25 g/t and feedwell height of 16–26 cm.A total of 30 thickening tests were conducted using lab scale thickener on flotation tailing obtained from the Sarcheshmeh copper mine,Iran.The underflow solid percent and bed height were expressed as functions of four operating parameters of thickener.Predicted values were found to be in good agreement with experimental values(R2values of 0.992 and 0.997 for underflow solid percent and bed height,respectively).This study has shown that the RSM and CCRD could effciently be applied for the modeling of thickener for dewatering of flotation tailing.
基金supported by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Foundation,Mmistry of Education in Brazil(Grant No.POS-DOC-88881.170076/2018-01).
文摘The conversion of rice hulls into fermentable saccharides was explored through steam pretreatment employing 2.5% SO_(2).The in teraction between temperature and time was assessed by means of the response surface method to achieve optimum contents of C6-sugars in water-insoluble solids(WIS)and C5-sugars in the liquor.Pretreatment carried out at 218℃ for 2.3 min released liquor containing 55.4 g/L of sugars(29.1 g/L of xylose).In parallel,the WIS was subjected to enzymatic saccharification using different solid and enzyme loads via an experimental design:assays using 22.0% WIS and 20.0 filter paper units(FPU)/g led to 90.6 g/L of glucose,corresponding to a yield of 86.4% and an overall yield of 72.4%.The data reported are the highest ever found for such raw material,making it attractive to compete with conventi on al lig no cellulosic biomass.
文摘A response surface modeling approach for simultaneous optimization of optical purity and yield was applied to the resolution of tartaric acid to study the effects of both the amount of the solvent and the amount of the resolving agent a-methylbenzyl amine on the resolution results. The direction of changing the experimental conditions was determined from the initial response study, and expected high yield of the pure L(+)-tartaric acid-L(-)-a-methylbenzyl amine salt was obtained.
文摘In this study, single and interactive effect of three parameters, pH, ferrous and pulp concentration has been investigated by a 2^3 full factorial CCRD （central composite rotatable design） composed of eight factorial points, six central and six axial points. Initially, ＂none＂ mode from transformation subsection was chosen as the default choice for both responses, i.e. %recovery and gram of recovered zinc. Box-Cox plots give the best Lambda for each response （y^Lambda= f （A, B, C .....）） which occur at 1.91 and 2.16 for %recovey and gram of recovered zinc, respectively. A linear （y^1.91 = f （linear）） and a quadratic （y^2. 16= f （quadratic）） equation were suggested by software as the model for %recovery and gram of recovered zinc, respectively. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） for both models shows a high coefficient of determination （R^2）. In order to optimize and find the best conditions under which three parameters occur appropriately, optimization was done numerically. Desirability plots indicate properly that the best conditions occur at pH = 1.46, ferrous = 6.67 g/L, %pulp = 7.1 （%w/v）, %recovery = 86.5, gram of recovered zinc = 0.63 g and desirability = 0.777. Finally, PRP （progressive route of the process） analysis donates us a proper insight of what is happening during these 30 days. PRP analysis categorizes flasks in two parts, 1- flasks worth economically, 2- flasks with one-time-usable feed materials.
文摘Effects of Mg^2＋, NTPs and Taq DNA polymerase in pear SSR-PCR system were analyzed by quadratic regressive orthogonal rotational combinational design. Results showed： absolute IOD （Integrated OD of each band） value of target band reduced with concentration rising of Mg^2＋ and Taq DNA polymerase, but heightened with concentration rising of dNTPs. The decay rate of absolute IOD value increased progressively with rising Mg^2＋ concentration, decreased gradually with rising Taq DNA polymerase concentration; the rising speed would be slower than the dNTPs increase. Absolute IOD value would reduce with concentration rising of dNTPs at a low level of Mg^2＋ concentration. Conversely it would rise with the increase of dNTPs while high Mg^2＋ concentration. Absolute IOD value would generally rise with concentration rising of Taq DNA polymerase while low Mg^2＋ concentration. On the contrary it would reduce with concentration rising of Taq DNA polymerase while high Mg^2＋ concentration.
文摘Rotatability is a desirable quality of fitting response surface experimental designs. The propertystates that the variance of the estimated response made from the Taylor’s series expansion areconstant on circles, spheres and hyper-spheres about the centre of the design. In this article,a measure of rotatability of modified second-order rotatable design is presented. The variancefunction of a second-order response design and an infinite class of supplementary difference setsis used in coming up with the design.
文摘The technique of fitting a response surface design is useful in modelling of experimental designs.Response surface is used in situations where the response of interest is influenced by several experimental variables.The objective of fitting a response surface design is to reduce cost of experimentation and to obtain optimal designs.The property of rotatability is a desirable quantity of experimental design and requires the variance of the fitted design to be constant on circles or spheres about the centre of the design.In this article,a construction technique of fitting modified non-sequential third order rotatable design(TORD)using Pairwise Balanced Design(PBD)is presented.The variance function of a third order response surface design and the properties of Pairwise Balanced Design are utilised for the construction.
基金We acknowledge Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan, for providing financial support through International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) to conduct this research at University of Sydney, Australia.
文摘Glyphosate is an important organophosphonate herbicide used to eliminate grasses and herbaceous plants in many vegetation management situations.Its extensive use is causing environmental pollution,and consequently,there is a need to remove it from the environment using an eco-friendly and cost-effective method.As a step to address this problem,a novel bacterial strain Comamonas odontotermitis F2,capable to utilize glyphosate as a carbon(C)and/or phosphorus(P)source,was isolated from a glyphostate-contaminated field soil in Australia and characterized.Response surface methodology(RSM)employing a 2^3 full factorial central composite design was used to optimize glyphosate degradation by C.odontotermitis P2 under various culture conditions.The strain C.odontotermitis P2 was proficient in degrading 1.5 g L^-1 glyphosate completely within 104 h.The optimal conditions for the degradation of glyphosate were found to be pH 7.4,29.9℃,and an inoculum density of 0.54 g L^-1,resulting in a maximum degradation of 90%.Sequencing of glyphosate oxidoreductase(GOX)and C-P lyase(phnJ)genes from C.odontotermitis P2 revealed 999c and 93%identities to already reported bacterial GOX and phnJ genes,respectively.The presence of these two genes in C.odontotermitis indicates its potential to degrade glyphosate through GOX and C-P lyase metabolic pathways.This study demonstrates the potential of C.odontotermitis P2 for efficient degradation of glyphosate,which can be exploited for remediation of glyphosate.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0703503).
文摘Though subjective feelings affected by lighting have been studied a lot,multivariate experimental studies are lacking in this research field.Central composite rotatable design(CCRD)was applied to investigate the influence of illuminance,correlated color temperature(CCT)and illuminance uniformity on satisfaction in this study.A series of subject experiments were carried out and polynomial regression models of luminous satisfaction for different activity scenarios were generated.Illuminance and CCT affected the satisfaction significantly in visual task scenarios,and the effect of them was independent with each other,which was demonstrated by the regression model(R2=0.89).The variation of luminous satisfaction in general activity scenarios cannot be fully explained by the three investigated factors.The results contributed to the knowledge of multivariate analysis of luminous environment and indicated that much could be expected referring to the application of CCRD in this field.
