The rheological characteristic of soy protein isolate(SPI),is one of the most important properties in its application in food industry.The effects of different concentrations of guar gum(GG,polysaccharide)and sodium c...The rheological characteristic of soy protein isolate(SPI),is one of the most important properties in its application in food industry.The effects of different concentrations of guar gum(GG,polysaccharide)and sodium chloride(salt ion)on the rheological properties of SPI were studied in this research.Steady-state shear,strain sweep and frequency sweep tests(static and dynamic rheological tests)were performed,and the following phenomenon and conclusions were drawn:(1)The viscosity of the hybrid system increases with the GG addition.This trend could also be seen with the appropriate adding of salt ion;(2)As the applied frequency increases,the storage modulus G′and the loss modulus G″of the hybrid system increase at a similar rate.And the frequency sweep parameters of the hybrid system rise significantly with the increase of both GG and ionic concentration;The frequency dependence of the system varies significantly with the addition of salt ion;(3)With the concentration of the salt ion increase,the storage module G′of the hybrid system decrease indicating that salt ion destroyed the network structure of hybrid dispersion to a certain extent.展开更多
Soil salinization has adverse effects on the soil physical-chemical characteristics.However,little is known about the changes in soil salt ion concentrations and other soil physical-chemical characteristics within the...Soil salinization has adverse effects on the soil physical-chemical characteristics.However,little is known about the changes in soil salt ion concentrations and other soil physical-chemical characteristics within the Qarhan Salt Lake and at different soil depths in the surrounding areas.Here,we selected five sampling sites(S1,S2,S3,S4,and S5)alongside the Qarhan Salt Lake and in the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun Mountains to investigate the relationship among soil salt ion concentrations,soil physical-chemical characteristics,and environmental variables in April 2019.The results indicated that most sites had strongly saline and very strongly saline conditions.The main salt ions present in the soil were Na^(+),K^(+),and Cl^(-).Soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass(SMB)were significantly affected by the salinity(P<0.05).Moreover,soil salt ions(Na^(+),K^(+),Ca2+,Mg^(2+),Cl^(-),CO_(3)^(2-),SO_(4)^(2-),and HCO_(3)^(-))were positively correlated with electrical conductivity(EC)and soil water content(SWC),but negatively related to altitude and soil depth.Unlike soil salt ions,soil nutrients and SMB were positively correlated with altitude,but negatively related to EC and SWC.Moreover,soil nutrients and SMB were negatively correlated with soil salt ions.In conclusion,soil nutrients and SMB were mainly influenced by salinity,and were related to altitude,soil depth,and SWC in the areas from the Qarhan Salt Lake to the Xidatan segment.These results imply that the soil quality(mainly evaluated by soil physical-chemical characteristics)is mainly influenced by soil salt ions in the areas surrounding the Qarhan Salt Lake.Our results provide an accurate prediction of how the soil salt ions,soil nutrients,and SMB respond to the changes along a salt gradient.The underlying mechanisms controlling the soil salt ion distribution,soil nutrients,and SMB in an extremely arid desert climate playa should be studied in greater detail in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Foundation for Youth Scholars of Beijing Technology and Business University(QNJJ2016-17)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301593)Research and Development Fund for University’s Doctoral Discipline of China(20130008120021).
文摘The rheological characteristic of soy protein isolate(SPI),is one of the most important properties in its application in food industry.The effects of different concentrations of guar gum(GG,polysaccharide)and sodium chloride(salt ion)on the rheological properties of SPI were studied in this research.Steady-state shear,strain sweep and frequency sweep tests(static and dynamic rheological tests)were performed,and the following phenomenon and conclusions were drawn:(1)The viscosity of the hybrid system increases with the GG addition.This trend could also be seen with the appropriate adding of salt ion;(2)As the applied frequency increases,the storage modulus G′and the loss modulus G″of the hybrid system increase at a similar rate.And the frequency sweep parameters of the hybrid system rise significantly with the increase of both GG and ionic concentration;The frequency dependence of the system varies significantly with the addition of salt ion;(3)With the concentration of the salt ion increase,the storage module G′of the hybrid system decrease indicating that salt ion destroyed the network structure of hybrid dispersion to a certain extent.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41621001,32061123006)the Fund of Ningxia Independent Innovation on Agriculture Science and Technology,China(NGSB-2021-14-04).
文摘Soil salinization has adverse effects on the soil physical-chemical characteristics.However,little is known about the changes in soil salt ion concentrations and other soil physical-chemical characteristics within the Qarhan Salt Lake and at different soil depths in the surrounding areas.Here,we selected five sampling sites(S1,S2,S3,S4,and S5)alongside the Qarhan Salt Lake and in the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun Mountains to investigate the relationship among soil salt ion concentrations,soil physical-chemical characteristics,and environmental variables in April 2019.The results indicated that most sites had strongly saline and very strongly saline conditions.The main salt ions present in the soil were Na^(+),K^(+),and Cl^(-).Soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass(SMB)were significantly affected by the salinity(P<0.05).Moreover,soil salt ions(Na^(+),K^(+),Ca2+,Mg^(2+),Cl^(-),CO_(3)^(2-),SO_(4)^(2-),and HCO_(3)^(-))were positively correlated with electrical conductivity(EC)and soil water content(SWC),but negatively related to altitude and soil depth.Unlike soil salt ions,soil nutrients and SMB were positively correlated with altitude,but negatively related to EC and SWC.Moreover,soil nutrients and SMB were negatively correlated with soil salt ions.In conclusion,soil nutrients and SMB were mainly influenced by salinity,and were related to altitude,soil depth,and SWC in the areas from the Qarhan Salt Lake to the Xidatan segment.These results imply that the soil quality(mainly evaluated by soil physical-chemical characteristics)is mainly influenced by soil salt ions in the areas surrounding the Qarhan Salt Lake.Our results provide an accurate prediction of how the soil salt ions,soil nutrients,and SMB respond to the changes along a salt gradient.The underlying mechanisms controlling the soil salt ion distribution,soil nutrients,and SMB in an extremely arid desert climate playa should be studied in greater detail in the future.
