In order to improve the quality of undergraduate training and cultivate students innovation ability,more and more colleges and universities are implementing the research mentorship system among undergraduates.The stud...In order to improve the quality of undergraduate training and cultivate students innovation ability,more and more colleges and universities are implementing the research mentorship system among undergraduates.The study summarizes the main role of mentorship on the cultivation of innovation ability,analyzes the problems in the implementation of mentorship,and proposes corresponding solutions.展开更多
How to cultivate and improve graduate students’innovation and practical abilities in software engineering through the curriculum and teaching mode reform is an important issue.In this paper,a research literacy-driven...How to cultivate and improve graduate students’innovation and practical abilities in software engineering through the curriculum and teaching mode reform is an important issue.In this paper,a research literacy-driven teaching mode is proposed.It assists in the reform of the curriculum system.Then,a curriculum system construction framework is proposed,which involves the integration of research literacy into classroom teaching content.It assists in the cultivation of research abilities of graduate students in software engineering.The effectiveness of the curriculum reform is demonstrated through questionnaire surveys and research outcomes of the project team.The results show that the methods explored in this paper can serve as valuable references for future course design and teaching practice in computer-related courses for graduates.展开更多
The researcher network that appeared in research projects funded by the Japanese government was analyzed. Several static and dynamic network analysis methods were applied to the data for 20 years to explore the fine s...The researcher network that appeared in research projects funded by the Japanese government was analyzed. Several static and dynamic network analysis methods were applied to the data for 20 years to explore the fine structure of the researcher’s network for grants. Our analysis shows that the long-term trend of researchers’ group sizes has become smaller, particularly rapidly decreasing in recent years. Some findings on researcher behavior in joining a project have also been reported.展开更多
Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(WHMFC)at Huazhong University of Science and Technology is one of the top-class research centers in the world,which can offer pulsed fields up to 90.6 T with different field wa...Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(WHMFC)at Huazhong University of Science and Technology is one of the top-class research centers in the world,which can offer pulsed fields up to 90.6 T with different field waveforms for scientific research and has passed the final evaluation of the Chinese government in 2014.This paper will give a brief introduction of the facility and the development status of pulsed magnetic fields research at WHMFC.In addition,it will describe the application development of pulsed magnetic fields in both scientific and industrial research.展开更多
The ecosystem services are material base and natural capital for sustainable development of human being. Valuation of ecosystem services is favorable for people realizing the importance of natural ecosystem to human b...The ecosystem services are material base and natural capital for sustainable development of human being. Valuation of ecosystem services is favorable for people realizing the importance of natural ecosystem to human being, and considering its long-term influence on sustainable development of human society when making decisions. Besides, it is an attempt of ecology, geography and other natural sciences to influence social decision process by economic methods. The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital, written by Robert Costanza et al., in 1997, is generally regarded as a masterpiece for the research of valuing ecosystem services. However, the classifying standard of ecosystem services, the method of various services summation and the purpose for static global value, had confronted many criticisms. Still to now, accurately valuing ecosystem services is not easy, because of the complexity of natural ecosystem, the weak capability of economic system to pricing ecosystem services and the lack of more study in this field. Based on the criticisms summarizing and comprehensive analysis, further study suggestions of ecosystem services valuation is presented: multi-scale integrated and community participation applied in evaluation, dynamic changes of material value and intangible value of ecosystem services, investigation and simulation studies of the marginal value when ecosystem services changed, associated with related areas like ecological compensation research, and research on the market-oriented evaluation of ecosystem's intangible values.展开更多
Based on the perception of knowledge management from experts specializing in different fields,and experts at home and abroad,the knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution can build new platf...Based on the perception of knowledge management from experts specializing in different fields,and experts at home and abroad,the knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution can build new platform,offer new approach for realization of explicit or tacit knowledge,and promote resilience and innovative ability of scientific research institution.The thesis has introduced functions of knowledge management research of agricultural science.First,it can transform the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.Second,it can make all the scientific personnel share knowledge.Third,it is beneficial to the development of prototype system of knowledge management.Fourth,it mainly researches the realization of knowledge management system.Fifth,it can manage the external knowledge via competitive intelligence.Sixth,it can foster talents of knowledge management for agricultural scientific research institution.Seventh,it offers the decision-making service for leaders to manage scientific program.The thesis also discusses the content of knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution as follows:production and innovation of knowledge;attainment and organizing of knowledge;dissemination and share of knowledge;management of human resources and the construction and management of infrastructure.We have put forward corresponding countermeasures to further reinforce the knowledge management research of agricultural scientific research institution.展开更多
After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong ...After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.展开更多
As the core of the management of agricultural institutes,scientific research management plays a vital role in strategic development,and also affects the strategic development of agricultural research institutes. This ...As the core of the management of agricultural institutes,scientific research management plays a vital role in strategic development,and also affects the strategic development of agricultural research institutes. This paper expounds the connotation and characteristics of agricultural scientific research management as well as management ability requirements of management personnel. This paper puts forward the recommendations for improving agricultural scientific research management from the view of management personnel.展开更多
The aim of this paper was to identify the trends and hot topics in the study of scientific collaboration via scientometric analysis.Information visualization and knowledge domain visualization techniques were adopted ...The aim of this paper was to identify the trends and hot topics in the study of scientific collaboration via scientometric analysis.Information visualization and knowledge domain visualization techniques were adopted to determine how the study of scientific collaboration has evolved.A total of 1,455 articles on scientific cooperation published between 1993 and 2007 were retrieved from the SCI,SSCI and A&HCI databases with a topic search of scientific collaboration or scientific cooperation for the analysis.By using CiteSpace,the knowledge bases,research foci,and research fronts in the field of scientific collaboration were studied.The results indicated that research fronts and research foci are highly consistent in terms of the concept,origin,measurement,and theory of scientific collaboration.It also revealed that research fronts included scientific collaboration networks,international scientific collaboration,social network analysis and techniques,and applications of bibliometrical indicators,webmetrics,and health care related areas.展开更多
A geopark is a scientific theme park with the main body of geoheritage and is usually of significance of scientific research.Scientific research on geoparks may provide a sound basis for geoheritage conservation; enha...A geopark is a scientific theme park with the main body of geoheritage and is usually of significance of scientific research.Scientific research on geoparks may provide a sound basis for geoheritage conservation; enhance the scientificity of geoscience popularization and interpretation.In turn,it can promote the development of geosciences,technologies and other related disciplines.The purpose of this study is to define the concept of scientific展开更多
Project management of agricultural scientific research institutions is an important section of agricultural scientific research plan management. It is of great significance for sustainable development of scientific re...Project management of agricultural scientific research institutions is an important section of agricultural scientific research plan management. It is of great significance for sustainable development of scientific research work of scientific research institutions. According to a series of opinions and notices about scientific and technological system reform issued by the state,and combining current situations of management of scientific research projects in scientific research institutions,this paper made a preliminary study on management of agricultural scientific research projects in the new trend. Finally,on the basis of the current situations of management of agricultural scientific research projects,it came up with pertinent recommendations,including strengthening communication and cooperation and actively declaring projects,strengthening preliminary planning of projects and establishing project information database,reinforcing project process management,ensuring on-time and high quality completion of projects,and strengthening learning and improving quality of management personnel.展开更多
科研文献数据库信息构建工作对于辅助科研人员开展科学研究活动具有重大现实意义。本文从组织系统、导航系统、搜索系统以及标签系统的开发入手,对以Scientific research publishing网站为代表的英文科研文献数据库网站中信息构建理论...科研文献数据库信息构建工作对于辅助科研人员开展科学研究活动具有重大现实意义。本文从组织系统、导航系统、搜索系统以及标签系统的开发入手,对以Scientific research publishing网站为代表的英文科研文献数据库网站中信息构建理论的体现进行了分析,并对英文科研文献数据库网站的信息构建工作的机遇和挑战进行了归纳。展开更多
This paper firstly analyzed current situation of agricultural technological innovation system in China and obstacles restricting agricultural enterprises to become technological innovation entities. It discussed explo...This paper firstly analyzed current situation of agricultural technological innovation system in China and obstacles restricting agricultural enterprises to become technological innovation entities. It discussed exploration and practice of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in supporting and serving technological innovation entities. Finally,it came up with ideas and approaches for supporting and serving technological innovation entities in the new trend,to provide a new idea and practice for agricultural scientific research institute supporting and serving technological innovation entities.展开更多
This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistica...This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistical analysis on quantity of projects,funded amount,age of person responsible,professional title of person responsible,academic degree of person responsible,research object,it discussed relevant characteristics and rules. Finally,it came up with pertinent measures and recommendations,in the hope of providing services for decision-making and scientific and technological management.展开更多
Purpose:The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee clearly states that developing science and technology through self-reliance and self-strengthening provides the strategic unde...Purpose:The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee clearly states that developing science and technology through self-reliance and self-strengthening provides the strategic underpinning for China’s development.Based on this background,this paper explores a metric model for assessing national scientific research strength through collaboration on research papers.Design/methodology/approach:We propose a novel metric model for assessing national scientific research strength,which sets two indicators,national scientific self-reliance(SR)and national academic contribution(CT),to reflect“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”respectively.Taking the research papers in quantum technology as an example,this study analyzes the scientific research strength of various countries around the world,especially China in quantum technology.Findings:The results show that the research of quantum technology in China has always been relatively independent with fewer international collaboration papers and located in a more marginal position in cooperation networks.China’s academic contribution(CT)to global quantum technology research is increasing and has been greater than that of the United States in 2020.Combining the two indicators,CT and SR,China’s research strength in the quantum field closely follows the United States,and the United States is the most powerful with high research autonomy.Research limitations:This paper only reflects China’s scientific research strength in quantum technology from collaboration on research papers and doesn’t consider the segmentation of quantum technology and the industrial upstream and downstream aspects,which need further study.Practical implications:The model is helpful to better understand the national scientific research strength in a certain field from“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”.ScienceOriginality/value:We propose a novel metric model to measure the national scientific research strength from the perspective of“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”,which provides a solid basis for the assessment of the strength level of scientific research in countries/regions and institutions.展开更多
Taking Environment and Plant Protection Institute in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences as an example,it summarized major experience and practice in management of scientific research projects from stren...Taking Environment and Plant Protection Institute in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences as an example,it summarized major experience and practice in management of scientific research projects from strengthening project database,enhancing project planning,reinforcing scientific research management team construction,bringing into play functions of academies and institutes,and improving management system. It analyzed existing problems and came up with recommendations from strengthening project process management,improving management team quality,and improving incentive mechanism,in the hope of providing reference for scientific research project management in agricultural scientific research institutes.展开更多
At present,there is a contradiction between the rapid growth of the number of patents declared and authorized by agricultural scientific research institutions and the decline of the efficiency of invention patents yea...At present,there is a contradiction between the rapid growth of the number of patents declared and authorized by agricultural scientific research institutions and the decline of the efficiency of invention patents year by year,and the low conversion rate of patents.This paper discusses the patent application quantity,authorization quantity and patent efficiency of the Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,analyzes the present situation of its work and the main problems existing in patent management,and puts forward the relevant suggestions.展开更多
This paper firstly introduced theoretical background of the Activity-Based Costing(ABC). Then,it analyzed necessity,extension resistance and difficulty of ABC approach in agri-scientific research institutions. Finally...This paper firstly introduced theoretical background of the Activity-Based Costing(ABC). Then,it analyzed necessity,extension resistance and difficulty of ABC approach in agri-scientific research institutions. Finally,it came up with some recommendations for scientifically learning and steadily promoting ABC method in agri-scientific research field.展开更多
Despite several national programs to reduce infant mortality, India had repeatedly failed to achieve its set targets for infant mortality. There are approximately one million neonatal deaths in India each year which a...Despite several national programs to reduce infant mortality, India had repeatedly failed to achieve its set targets for infant mortality. There are approximately one million neonatal deaths in India each year which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the infant deaths in India. India’s current trajectories of neonatal and infant mortality rates make it unlikely that it will achieve its targets for infant mortality rate for 2015 set under the Millennium Development Goals. Since two-thirds of infant deaths in India are neonatal deaths, implementation of effective neonatal care strategies would be essential to reduce infant mortality considerably. The history of child health services in India suggests an inattention to qualitative parameters, hindering a reversal of its failures. We discuss a format of mixed-methods participatory research, integrated with routine district level household surveys (DLHS), as a model of health services research which would better delineate the problems encountered in delivering effective newborn care at the primary care level.展开更多
There is a growing need for both science and practice domains to collaboratively and systematically seek knowledge-based strategies for sustainable development.In recent years,transdisciplinary research has emerged as...There is a growing need for both science and practice domains to collaboratively and systematically seek knowledge-based strategies for sustainable development.In recent years,transdisciplinary research has emerged as a new approach that enables joint problem solving among scientists and stakeholders in various fields. In this paper,we aim to introduce transdisciplinary research for supporting the integration of the concept of ecosystem services into land and water management in the Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,Northwest China.While a large number of ecosystem service studies have helped to raise the awareness for the value of nature in China,a number of challenges remain,including an improved understanding of the relationships between ecosystem structure, functions and services,and the interaction of the various ecosystem services.A meaningful valuation of ecosystem services also requires the consideration of their strong spatial heterogeneity.In addition,ways to introduce the concept of ecosystem services into decision-making in China need to be explored.Thus,successful integration of the concept of ecosystem services into actual land and water management requires a broad knowledge base that only a number of scientific disciplines and stakeholders can provide jointly,via a transdisciplinary research process.We regard transdisciplinary research as a recursive process to support adaptive management that includes joint knowledge generation and integration among scientists and stakeholders.System,target,and transformation knowledge are generated and integrated during the process of(1)problem(re)definition,(2)problem analysis and strategy development,and(3)evaluation of the impact of the derived strategy.Methods to support transdisciplinary research comprise participatory modelling(actor-based modelling and Bayesian Networks modelling)and participatory scenario development.Actor-based modelling is a semi-quantitative method that is based on the analysis of problem perspectives of individual stakeholders as depicted in perception graphs.With Bayesian Networks,complex problem fields are modelled probabilistically in a simplified manner,using both quantitative data and qualitative expert judgments.These participatory methods serve to integrate diverse scientific and stakeholder knowledge and to support the generation of actually implementable management strategies for sustainable development.For the purpose of integrating ecosystem services in land and water management in the Tarim River Basin through transdisciplinary research,collaboration among scientists and institutional stakeholders from different sectors including water,agriculture,forestry,and nature conservation is required.The challenge is to adapt methods of transdisciplinary research to socio-cultural conditions in China,particularly regarding ways of communication and decision-making.展开更多
基金Supported by Hainan University Education Teaching Reform Research Program (hdjy2251)New Agricultural Science Research and Reform Practice Project of the Ministry of Education of China (Exploration and Practice of the Collaborative Cultivation Model of Science and Education Integration for High Quality Talents in Tropical Horticulture).
文摘In order to improve the quality of undergraduate training and cultivate students innovation ability,more and more colleges and universities are implementing the research mentorship system among undergraduates.The study summarizes the main role of mentorship on the cultivation of innovation ability,analyzes the problems in the implementation of mentorship,and proposes corresponding solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62102291)the Ministry ofEducation’s Industry School Cooperation Collaborative Education Project(220606008213849)the Opening Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province for Clothing Information(N2022HBCI02)。
文摘How to cultivate and improve graduate students’innovation and practical abilities in software engineering through the curriculum and teaching mode reform is an important issue.In this paper,a research literacy-driven teaching mode is proposed.It assists in the reform of the curriculum system.Then,a curriculum system construction framework is proposed,which involves the integration of research literacy into classroom teaching content.It assists in the cultivation of research abilities of graduate students in software engineering.The effectiveness of the curriculum reform is demonstrated through questionnaire surveys and research outcomes of the project team.The results show that the methods explored in this paper can serve as valuable references for future course design and teaching practice in computer-related courses for graduates.
文摘The researcher network that appeared in research projects funded by the Japanese government was analyzed. Several static and dynamic network analysis methods were applied to the data for 20 years to explore the fine structure of the researcher’s network for grants. Our analysis shows that the long-term trend of researchers’ group sizes has become smaller, particularly rapidly decreasing in recent years. Some findings on researcher behavior in joining a project have also been reported.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0401700).
文摘Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(WHMFC)at Huazhong University of Science and Technology is one of the top-class research centers in the world,which can offer pulsed fields up to 90.6 T with different field waveforms for scientific research and has passed the final evaluation of the Chinese government in 2014.This paper will give a brief introduction of the facility and the development status of pulsed magnetic fields research at WHMFC.In addition,it will describe the application development of pulsed magnetic fields in both scientific and industrial research.
基金Supported by Project of China’s Tourism Industry Innovation Team for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality of China (Grant No.:306002)Project of "Theory to Practice of Sustainable Development-Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Tourism Industry" Initiated by Beijing International Studies University in 2011
文摘The ecosystem services are material base and natural capital for sustainable development of human being. Valuation of ecosystem services is favorable for people realizing the importance of natural ecosystem to human being, and considering its long-term influence on sustainable development of human society when making decisions. Besides, it is an attempt of ecology, geography and other natural sciences to influence social decision process by economic methods. The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital, written by Robert Costanza et al., in 1997, is generally regarded as a masterpiece for the research of valuing ecosystem services. However, the classifying standard of ecosystem services, the method of various services summation and the purpose for static global value, had confronted many criticisms. Still to now, accurately valuing ecosystem services is not easy, because of the complexity of natural ecosystem, the weak capability of economic system to pricing ecosystem services and the lack of more study in this field. Based on the criticisms summarizing and comprehensive analysis, further study suggestions of ecosystem services valuation is presented: multi-scale integrated and community participation applied in evaluation, dynamic changes of material value and intangible value of ecosystem services, investigation and simulation studies of the marginal value when ecosystem services changed, associated with related areas like ecological compensation research, and research on the market-oriented evaluation of ecosystem's intangible values.
文摘Based on the perception of knowledge management from experts specializing in different fields,and experts at home and abroad,the knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution can build new platform,offer new approach for realization of explicit or tacit knowledge,and promote resilience and innovative ability of scientific research institution.The thesis has introduced functions of knowledge management research of agricultural science.First,it can transform the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.Second,it can make all the scientific personnel share knowledge.Third,it is beneficial to the development of prototype system of knowledge management.Fourth,it mainly researches the realization of knowledge management system.Fifth,it can manage the external knowledge via competitive intelligence.Sixth,it can foster talents of knowledge management for agricultural scientific research institution.Seventh,it offers the decision-making service for leaders to manage scientific program.The thesis also discusses the content of knowledge management of agricultural scientific research institution as follows:production and innovation of knowledge;attainment and organizing of knowledge;dissemination and share of knowledge;management of human resources and the construction and management of infrastructure.We have put forward corresponding countermeasures to further reinforce the knowledge management research of agricultural scientific research institution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72088101)。
文摘After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.
文摘As the core of the management of agricultural institutes,scientific research management plays a vital role in strategic development,and also affects the strategic development of agricultural research institutes. This paper expounds the connotation and characteristics of agricultural scientific research management as well as management ability requirements of management personnel. This paper puts forward the recommendations for improving agricultural scientific research management from the view of management personnel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.70773015,70431001 and 70620140115)the National Social Sciences Foundation(Grant No.07CTQ008)the Project of DUT(Grant No.DUTHS1002)
文摘The aim of this paper was to identify the trends and hot topics in the study of scientific collaboration via scientometric analysis.Information visualization and knowledge domain visualization techniques were adopted to determine how the study of scientific collaboration has evolved.A total of 1,455 articles on scientific cooperation published between 1993 and 2007 were retrieved from the SCI,SSCI and A&HCI databases with a topic search of scientific collaboration or scientific cooperation for the analysis.By using CiteSpace,the knowledge bases,research foci,and research fronts in the field of scientific collaboration were studied.The results indicated that research fronts and research foci are highly consistent in terms of the concept,origin,measurement,and theory of scientific collaboration.It also revealed that research fronts included scientific collaboration networks,international scientific collaboration,social network analysis and techniques,and applications of bibliometrical indicators,webmetrics,and health care related areas.
文摘A geopark is a scientific theme park with the main body of geoheritage and is usually of significance of scientific research.Scientific research on geoparks may provide a sound basis for geoheritage conservation; enhance the scientificity of geoscience popularization and interpretation.In turn,it can promote the development of geosciences,technologies and other related disciplines.The purpose of this study is to define the concept of scientific
基金Supported by Special Project for Reform of Non-profit Scientific Research Institution"Study on Whole Process Management of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Projects"
文摘Project management of agricultural scientific research institutions is an important section of agricultural scientific research plan management. It is of great significance for sustainable development of scientific research work of scientific research institutions. According to a series of opinions and notices about scientific and technological system reform issued by the state,and combining current situations of management of scientific research projects in scientific research institutions,this paper made a preliminary study on management of agricultural scientific research projects in the new trend. Finally,on the basis of the current situations of management of agricultural scientific research projects,it came up with pertinent recommendations,including strengthening communication and cooperation and actively declaring projects,strengthening preliminary planning of projects and establishing project information database,reinforcing project process management,ensuring on-time and high quality completion of projects,and strengthening learning and improving quality of management personnel.
文摘科研文献数据库信息构建工作对于辅助科研人员开展科学研究活动具有重大现实意义。本文从组织系统、导航系统、搜索系统以及标签系统的开发入手,对以Scientific research publishing网站为代表的英文科研文献数据库网站中信息构建理论的体现进行了分析,并对英文科研文献数据库网站的信息构建工作的机遇和挑战进行了归纳。
文摘This paper firstly analyzed current situation of agricultural technological innovation system in China and obstacles restricting agricultural enterprises to become technological innovation entities. It discussed exploration and practice of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in supporting and serving technological innovation entities. Finally,it came up with ideas and approaches for supporting and serving technological innovation entities in the new trend,to provide a new idea and practice for agricultural scientific research institute supporting and serving technological innovation entities.
基金Supported by Special Project for Reform of Non-profit Scientific Research Institution"Study on Whole Process Management of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Projects"
文摘This paper collected and arranged competitive scientific research projects undertaken by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in 2003-2014. Through statistical analysis on quantity of projects,funded amount,age of person responsible,professional title of person responsible,academic degree of person responsible,research object,it discussed relevant characteristics and rules. Finally,it came up with pertinent measures and recommendations,in the hope of providing services for decision-making and scientific and technological management.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0707201)the open fund of ISTIC-Springer Nature Joint Lab for Open Science(Grant No.HX20211292).
文摘Purpose:The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee clearly states that developing science and technology through self-reliance and self-strengthening provides the strategic underpinning for China’s development.Based on this background,this paper explores a metric model for assessing national scientific research strength through collaboration on research papers.Design/methodology/approach:We propose a novel metric model for assessing national scientific research strength,which sets two indicators,national scientific self-reliance(SR)and national academic contribution(CT),to reflect“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”respectively.Taking the research papers in quantum technology as an example,this study analyzes the scientific research strength of various countries around the world,especially China in quantum technology.Findings:The results show that the research of quantum technology in China has always been relatively independent with fewer international collaboration papers and located in a more marginal position in cooperation networks.China’s academic contribution(CT)to global quantum technology research is increasing and has been greater than that of the United States in 2020.Combining the two indicators,CT and SR,China’s research strength in the quantum field closely follows the United States,and the United States is the most powerful with high research autonomy.Research limitations:This paper only reflects China’s scientific research strength in quantum technology from collaboration on research papers and doesn’t consider the segmentation of quantum technology and the industrial upstream and downstream aspects,which need further study.Practical implications:The model is helpful to better understand the national scientific research strength in a certain field from“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”.ScienceOriginality/value:We propose a novel metric model to measure the national scientific research strength from the perspective of“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”,which provides a solid basis for the assessment of the strength level of scientific research in countries/regions and institutions.
基金Supported Special Project for Fundamental Research Funds of Environment and Plant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(No.2011hzs1J009)
文摘Taking Environment and Plant Protection Institute in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences as an example,it summarized major experience and practice in management of scientific research projects from strengthening project database,enhancing project planning,reinforcing scientific research management team construction,bringing into play functions of academies and institutes,and improving management system. It analyzed existing problems and came up with recommendations from strengthening project process management,improving management team quality,and improving incentive mechanism,in the hope of providing reference for scientific research project management in agricultural scientific research institutes.
文摘At present,there is a contradiction between the rapid growth of the number of patents declared and authorized by agricultural scientific research institutions and the decline of the efficiency of invention patents year by year,and the low conversion rate of patents.This paper discusses the patent application quantity,authorization quantity and patent efficiency of the Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,analyzes the present situation of its work and the main problems existing in patent management,and puts forward the relevant suggestions.
基金Supported by Project of Hubei Provincial Soft Science Research Plan(2011DEA023)
文摘This paper firstly introduced theoretical background of the Activity-Based Costing(ABC). Then,it analyzed necessity,extension resistance and difficulty of ABC approach in agri-scientific research institutions. Finally,it came up with some recommendations for scientifically learning and steadily promoting ABC method in agri-scientific research field.
文摘Despite several national programs to reduce infant mortality, India had repeatedly failed to achieve its set targets for infant mortality. There are approximately one million neonatal deaths in India each year which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the infant deaths in India. India’s current trajectories of neonatal and infant mortality rates make it unlikely that it will achieve its targets for infant mortality rate for 2015 set under the Millennium Development Goals. Since two-thirds of infant deaths in India are neonatal deaths, implementation of effective neonatal care strategies would be essential to reduce infant mortality considerably. The history of child health services in India suggests an inattention to qualitative parameters, hindering a reversal of its failures. We discuss a format of mixed-methods participatory research, integrated with routine district level household surveys (DLHS), as a model of health services research which would better delineate the problems encountered in delivering effective newborn care at the primary care level.
基金funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)
文摘There is a growing need for both science and practice domains to collaboratively and systematically seek knowledge-based strategies for sustainable development.In recent years,transdisciplinary research has emerged as a new approach that enables joint problem solving among scientists and stakeholders in various fields. In this paper,we aim to introduce transdisciplinary research for supporting the integration of the concept of ecosystem services into land and water management in the Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,Northwest China.While a large number of ecosystem service studies have helped to raise the awareness for the value of nature in China,a number of challenges remain,including an improved understanding of the relationships between ecosystem structure, functions and services,and the interaction of the various ecosystem services.A meaningful valuation of ecosystem services also requires the consideration of their strong spatial heterogeneity.In addition,ways to introduce the concept of ecosystem services into decision-making in China need to be explored.Thus,successful integration of the concept of ecosystem services into actual land and water management requires a broad knowledge base that only a number of scientific disciplines and stakeholders can provide jointly,via a transdisciplinary research process.We regard transdisciplinary research as a recursive process to support adaptive management that includes joint knowledge generation and integration among scientists and stakeholders.System,target,and transformation knowledge are generated and integrated during the process of(1)problem(re)definition,(2)problem analysis and strategy development,and(3)evaluation of the impact of the derived strategy.Methods to support transdisciplinary research comprise participatory modelling(actor-based modelling and Bayesian Networks modelling)and participatory scenario development.Actor-based modelling is a semi-quantitative method that is based on the analysis of problem perspectives of individual stakeholders as depicted in perception graphs.With Bayesian Networks,complex problem fields are modelled probabilistically in a simplified manner,using both quantitative data and qualitative expert judgments.These participatory methods serve to integrate diverse scientific and stakeholder knowledge and to support the generation of actually implementable management strategies for sustainable development.For the purpose of integrating ecosystem services in land and water management in the Tarim River Basin through transdisciplinary research,collaboration among scientists and institutional stakeholders from different sectors including water,agriculture,forestry,and nature conservation is required.The challenge is to adapt methods of transdisciplinary research to socio-cultural conditions in China,particularly regarding ways of communication and decision-making.
