A metagenomic fosmid library of approximately 52 000 clones was constructed to identify functional genes encoding cold-adapted enzymes. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from a sample of glacial meltwater, collected on th...A metagenomic fosmid library of approximately 52 000 clones was constructed to identify functional genes encoding cold-adapted enzymes. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from a sample of glacial meltwater, collected on the Antarctic Peninsula during the ANTARKOS XXIX Expedition during the austral summer of 2012-2013. Each clone contained an insert of about 35-40 kb, so the library represented almost 2 Gb of genetic information from metagenomic DNA. Activity-driven screening was used to detect the cold-adapted functions expressed by the library. Fifty lipase/esterase and two cellulase-producing clones were isolated, and two clones able to grow on Avicel as the sole carbon source. Interestingly, three clones formed a brown precipitate in the presence of manganese （II）. Accumulation of manganese oxides was determined with a leucoberbelin blue assay, indicating that these three clones had manganese-oxidizing activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a manganese oxidase activity detected with a functional metagenomic strategy.展开更多
Background: Many studies have reported on trifecta outcomes after radical prostatectomy. There is however paucity of studies that compares the trifecta outcome between screen detected and patients presenting with lowe...Background: Many studies have reported on trifecta outcomes after radical prostatectomy. There is however paucity of studies that compares the trifecta outcome between screen detected and patients presenting with lower urinary symptoms with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. This study compares the trifecta outcomes between these two groups after an open retropubic radical prostatectomy. Methodology: This is a retrospective study, on the trifecta outcomes (urinary continence, erectile function, and cancer control) of consecutive patients that had open radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer by a single surgeon. Patients were grouped into screen detected and presentation with lower urinary symptoms or retention of urine. The parameters considered were the age of the patients, the total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) at presentation, the clinical T stage, the Gleason score of prostate biopsies, the risk categories using the D’Amico risk groups and the trifecta outcomes after the procedure. Results: In all, 119 patients met the criteria for inclusion. The median follow up was 63.5 months (range 12 - 156 months). Of these 40.3% of the patients were diagnosed through screening with elevated PSA while 59.7% had presented with symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. The mean age for the patients was 60.8 ± 6.5 years, median PSA 12.6 ng/ml (IQR 8.6 - 19.7) and median prostate weight of 50.0 (IQR 40.0 - 60 g). The urinary continence rate after the procedure was 93.3%, erection rate of 81.5%, cancer control rate of 71.4% and trifecta achieved in 57.1%. Comparing the screening and the symptomatic cases, the urinary continence rate was 91.7% vrs 94.3%;erectile function rate was 79.2% vrs 83.1%;cancer control 68.8% vrs 73.2% and trifecta achieved in 58.3% vrs 56.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of urinary continence p = 0.564, erection function p = 0.588, cancer control p = 0.595, and achieving trifecta p = 0.829. Conclusion: Patients with localized prostate cancer presenting with lower urinary symptoms compared to screen detected patients have similar outcomes in terms of urinary Continence, erectile function, cancer control and trifecta after open radical retropubic prostatectomy.展开更多
基金the Antarctic Institute of Uruguay Research Projects 2012-2014, Programa para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA)the National Agency for Innovation and Investigation (ANII) INI_X_2012_1_4201 for their partial financial support
文摘A metagenomic fosmid library of approximately 52 000 clones was constructed to identify functional genes encoding cold-adapted enzymes. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from a sample of glacial meltwater, collected on the Antarctic Peninsula during the ANTARKOS XXIX Expedition during the austral summer of 2012-2013. Each clone contained an insert of about 35-40 kb, so the library represented almost 2 Gb of genetic information from metagenomic DNA. Activity-driven screening was used to detect the cold-adapted functions expressed by the library. Fifty lipase/esterase and two cellulase-producing clones were isolated, and two clones able to grow on Avicel as the sole carbon source. Interestingly, three clones formed a brown precipitate in the presence of manganese （II）. Accumulation of manganese oxides was determined with a leucoberbelin blue assay, indicating that these three clones had manganese-oxidizing activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a manganese oxidase activity detected with a functional metagenomic strategy.
文摘Background: Many studies have reported on trifecta outcomes after radical prostatectomy. There is however paucity of studies that compares the trifecta outcome between screen detected and patients presenting with lower urinary symptoms with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. This study compares the trifecta outcomes between these two groups after an open retropubic radical prostatectomy. Methodology: This is a retrospective study, on the trifecta outcomes (urinary continence, erectile function, and cancer control) of consecutive patients that had open radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer by a single surgeon. Patients were grouped into screen detected and presentation with lower urinary symptoms or retention of urine. The parameters considered were the age of the patients, the total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) at presentation, the clinical T stage, the Gleason score of prostate biopsies, the risk categories using the D’Amico risk groups and the trifecta outcomes after the procedure. Results: In all, 119 patients met the criteria for inclusion. The median follow up was 63.5 months (range 12 - 156 months). Of these 40.3% of the patients were diagnosed through screening with elevated PSA while 59.7% had presented with symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. The mean age for the patients was 60.8 ± 6.5 years, median PSA 12.6 ng/ml (IQR 8.6 - 19.7) and median prostate weight of 50.0 (IQR 40.0 - 60 g). The urinary continence rate after the procedure was 93.3%, erection rate of 81.5%, cancer control rate of 71.4% and trifecta achieved in 57.1%. Comparing the screening and the symptomatic cases, the urinary continence rate was 91.7% vrs 94.3%;erectile function rate was 79.2% vrs 83.1%;cancer control 68.8% vrs 73.2% and trifecta achieved in 58.3% vrs 56.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of urinary continence p = 0.564, erection function p = 0.588, cancer control p = 0.595, and achieving trifecta p = 0.829. Conclusion: Patients with localized prostate cancer presenting with lower urinary symptoms compared to screen detected patients have similar outcomes in terms of urinary Continence, erectile function, cancer control and trifecta after open radical retropubic prostatectomy.
