A novel form of hydroponic culture was employed to explore the physiological function of roots of a tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The pH of the nutrient solution with an actively growing tea plant decreased during cu...A novel form of hydroponic culture was employed to explore the physiological function of roots of a tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The pH of the nutrient solution with an actively growing tea plant decreased during cultivation. Furthermore, no oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid or citric acid, all possible factors in acidification, was detected in the nutrient solution of a growing plant. A proton pump inhibitor suppressed the acidification of the solution. Soil acidification might have been accelerated with a proton released from ammoniacal nitrogen preferentially for the growth, suggesting the specific mechanism of tea plant as a functional food.展开更多
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the culture conditions for hairy roots of Aconitum coreanum（Levl.）Raipaics and optimize the amplification culture conditions in bioreactors,thus providing basis for large-s...[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the culture conditions for hairy roots of Aconitum coreanum（Levl.）Raipaics and optimize the amplification culture conditions in bioreactors,thus providing basis for large-scale production of A.coreanum hairy roots.[Method]The effects of different p H,culture modes and culture vessels on the growth of hairy roots were compared to obtain the optimal culture conditions for A.coreanum hairy roots.Moreover,the effects of medium volume and inoculation mode on bioreactor culture of A.coreanum hairy roots were investigated to analyze the feasibility of amplification culture of hairy roots in bioreactors.[Result]After autoclaving,medium p H was reduced slightly and the clarity of medium varied.To be specific,A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in medium at p H 5.80 exhibited the best growth.A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in liquid medium displayed more rapid growth than hairy roots cultured in solid medium.Medium p H and electrical conductivity（EC）varied with the extension of culture time.The yield and propagation coefficient of A.coreanum hairy roots were positively correlated with the size of culture vessels.The growth of hairy roots cultured in bioreactors were influenced by medium volumes and inoculation modes.[Conclusion]The growth of A.coreanum hairy roots were significantly influenced by medium p H,culture modes and culture vessels.A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in bioreactors exhibited high yield and large propagation coefficient.According to the results,the relationship between ventilation volume and hairy root density is crucial to the amplification culture of A.coreanum hairy roots.展开更多
Celts, a name full of mysteries, represent the unique cultural origin for the whole western countries, including those in Europe and America. It ever experienced its infancy, its prime, and also its decline, even near...Celts, a name full of mysteries, represent the unique cultural origin for the whole western countries, including those in Europe and America. It ever experienced its infancy, its prime, and also its decline, even nearly on the verge of extinction. Later, in the late 19 th and 20 th centuries, a variety of movements and trends occurring in western countries saw a renewed interest in aspects of Celtic culture, in pursuit of the unique cultural charm of Celts.展开更多
[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture w...[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture were set to measure their photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and root vigor, and to observe their leaf tissue structure and stomatal characteristics. [Result] The findings indicated that there are no differences in the leaf physiological indices between bowl lotus under hydroponics and soil culture, while the leaf stomata of hydroponic bowl lotus is bigger and its amount is larger than that of soil-culture bowl lotus. At the same time, the ratio of the palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness is small,and its leaf tissue structure is loose. The root vigor of hydroponic bowl lotus reached its summit earlier, then began to drop. Whereas, the root activity of soil-culture lotus sustained increasing, with vigorous growth. [Conclusion] Therefore, it indicated that hydroponic bowl lotus can adapt to the aquatic-culture environment well and quickly, meanwhile, it also enters into its aging period quickly and its growth cycle gets shorter.展开更多
Chinese Root-kin Culture Expo-Park in Guishi County of Henan Province was studied,cultural background of the project and basic conditions of the site were introduced,planning concepts and supportive projects of the ro...Chinese Root-kin Culture Expo-Park in Guishi County of Henan Province was studied,cultural background of the project and basic conditions of the site were introduced,planning concepts and supportive projects of the root-kin culture theme park elaborated.The overall structure was designed to a pattern of "one axis and five subareas":one axis indicates the major sightseeing axis represented by Zhengxiao Riverfront Landscape Belt,and five subareas indicate Returning-to-homeland Park,Worshipping Ancestors Park,Folk Customs Park,Fujian and Taiwan Park,and Pioneering Park.Design concepts and landscape nodes of all subareas were introduced in detail,and Root-kin Culture applied in the integrated design.The authors proposed that landscape display based on Root-kin Culture should focus on materialization of cultures,reproduction of scenarios and creation of cultural atmosphere.Representative symbols should be refined from native cultures to create garden landscapes fit for actual conditions of the park.展开更多
The biotransformation of artemisinin by hairy root cultures ofRheum palmatum L. was investigated for the first time. The main product, deoxyartemisinin, was isolated and characterized on the basis of its spectral data.
[Objectives] To increase the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium officinale,and optimize the conditions of rooting medium by the response surface methodology( RSM). [Methods]The effects of 6-BA con...[Objectives] To increase the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium officinale,and optimize the conditions of rooting medium by the response surface methodology( RSM). [Methods]The effects of 6-BA concentration,NAA concentration,potato amount and the amount of mashed banana on the growth of seedlings were determined by single factor experiment and were analyzed by Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. [Results]The optimal culture conditions: rooting medium 1/2 MS + 6-BA 0. 24 mg/L + mashed banana 87. 63 g/L + potato 89. 30 g/L + NAA 0. 52 mg/L + sucrose 20. 0 g/L + activated carbon 4. 0 g/L + agar 7. 0 g/L,p H 5. 8,and light intensity 2 000 Lx. [Conclusions]The model established by response surface methodology has a good predictability and could be used to optimize the conditions of tissue culture and rooting medium of D. officinale.展开更多
In the post-genomics era, reliable phenotypes are considered the bottleneck for unraveling the genetic control over the biology of interest. Phenotyping resistance response of roots to infection by soilborne pathogen ...In the post-genomics era, reliable phenotypes are considered the bottleneck for unraveling the genetic control over the biology of interest. Phenotyping resistance response of roots to infection by soilborne pathogen is more challenging compared to that of plant aerial parts. In additional to the hidden nature and small stature of fine roots where infection occurs, extra obstacles exist for rosaceae tree crops such as apple. Due to self-incompatible reproduction and high-level heterozygosity of apple genome, genetically identical apple plants cannot be produced through apple seed germination. Here we report an established phenotyping protocol which includes a streamlined tissue culture procedure for micropropagation of uniform apple plants, standardized inoculation procedure using Pythium ultimum, and multilayered evaluating methods on apple root resistance traits. Because of the implementation of tissue culture based micropropagation procedure, constant availability of the uniform plants with defined genetic background, equivalent age and non-contaminated roots overcame a longstanding barrier of systematic and detailed phenotypic characterization of apple root resistance traits. Repeated infection assays by root-dipping inoculation demonstrated the reproducible and wide-range plant survival rates, from single-digit to over 90% survived plants for a given genotype. Genotype-specific values due to P. ultimum inoculation on shoot and root biomass reduction, maximum root lengths, leaf number and cumulative leaf areas were quantified between mock-inoculated and P. ultimum infected plants. Use of a glass-box container offered enhanced accessibility and minimized invasiveness for continuous and non-disruptive observation on the necrosis progression patterns along inoculated roots. With the assistance of a dissecting microscope, the genotype-specific resistance responses along the infected apple roots were captured and analyzed in detail. This reported phenotyping protocol represents a major development and should be easily adopted for other rosacea tree fruit crops with minor modifications.展开更多
Tea tree oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca alternifolia （Maiden ＆ Betche） Cheel, and it is widely used in medicines, food preservatives, cosmetics and health care products. Traditional propaga...Tea tree oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca alternifolia （Maiden ＆ Betche） Cheel, and it is widely used in medicines, food preservatives, cosmetics and health care products. Traditional propagation of M. alternifolia from seeds does not necessarily transfer the desired characteristics from their mother trees, the seedlings are not uniform, and the multiplication rate from cuttings is relatively low. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop tissue culture techniques for this species. This study showed that an efficient explant initiation medium for M. alternifolia was MS 1/2 ＋ BA 0.6mg L^-1 ＋NAA 0.1 mg L^-1＋sucrose 30g L-l, which yielded a 75.9 % initiation rate. An efficient multi- plication medium was MS ＋ BA 0.3 mg L^-1＋ NAA 0.15 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 30 g L^-1, which yielded a 4.3 multiplication rate and 3.2 cm shoot length. The rooting medium was MS 1/2 ＋ IBA 0.1-0.25 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 15 g L^-1, which yielded a 100 % rooting rate, 2.94-3.32 roots per individual and 1.36-1.44 cm root length. Local red-core soil was suitable as a transplant medium, and yielded 98 % survival. This study improved the tissue culture technique for mass-propagation of M. alternifolia, enabling the production of high quality plants for market.展开更多
Culture Street is the place which no visitor to Tianjin will want to miss. There one can find Qing-style mansions stretching for more than six hundred metres, displays of antiques and per-formances of well-preserved c...Culture Street is the place which no visitor to Tianjin will want to miss. There one can find Qing-style mansions stretching for more than six hundred metres, displays of antiques and per-formances of well-preserved cultural activities. The street is located at the northeastern corner of old Tianjin city where the roots of the city’s history and culture lie. Two hundred years ago when Tianjin was a small port, Tianhou (Goddess of the Temple) was already there. Merchants and those who were traveling away from home by sea would all go to the temple to ask for the god-展开更多
The artemisinin accumulation in the hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. was enhanced via a treatment of three fungal elicitors separately ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex ...The artemisinin accumulation in the hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. was enhanced via a treatment of three fungal elicitors separately ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuill and Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove). Among these three elicitors, V. dahliae had the highest inducing efficiency, but none of them manifests any noticeable effects on the cell growth of the hairy root cultures. The artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures treated with V. dahliae elicitor was 1.12 mg/g DW, which was 45% higher than the control (0.77 mg/g DW). The results showed that elicitation was dependent on the elicitor concentration, the incubation period and the physiological stage at which the hairy root cultures were treated. In addition, the authors found that for V. dahliae , the optimum concentration was 0.4 mg carbohydrate per millilitre medium, the strongest response of A. annua hairy root cultures to the elicitation was at the late exponential growth stage, and the highest artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures was on the 4th day post treatment.展开更多
Water is the source of life. China ranks No.13 among the water shortage countries. The most of the water is utilized in agriculture, while the utilization rate of irrigation water is only 40%, so it is very important ...Water is the source of life. China ranks No.13 among the water shortage countries. The most of the water is utilized in agriculture, while the utilization rate of irrigation water is only 40%, so it is very important to study on the theory and technology on high efficient water utilization. The purpose for this study is to find out the optimal drainage line on potted flowers through the analysis of experimental results of Aglaonema modestum and Rhododendron simsii Planch in different drainage lines.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to shorten the multiplication culture and root- ing culture periods of Rh. chrysanthum Pall. [Method] The Rh. chrysanthum Pall tis- sue culture plantlets collected from Changbai Mountain w...[Objective] This study aimed to shorten the multiplication culture and root- ing culture periods of Rh. chrysanthum Pall. [Method] The Rh. chrysanthum Pall tis- sue culture plantlets collected from Changbai Mountain were used as material, and the effects of different hormone combinations and coconut milk on the proliferation and differentiation of Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets were investigated. In addition, the rooting medium and transplanting matrix for Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets were explored. [Result] The medium composed of modified MS, iBA （3 mg/L） and ZT （1.5 mg/L） was the optimum medium for subculture mul- tiplication of Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets. The multiplication multiple and average plant height were significantly improved by adding coconut milk into the medium （150 mg/L）. [Conclusion] For Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets, the optimum rooting culture medium was composed of modified MS （1/4） and IBA （5.0 mg/L）, and the tissue culture plantlets began to root 8 d after the inoculation. The root induction treatment was carried out after a 15-d sand culture, and the suitable matrix was composed of tufty soil, humus soil and perlite （2：1：1） with a survival rate of 95.66%.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system for Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[Method] Using tender stems of L.ruthenicum as explants,MS as basic culture medium,the effects of diff...[Objective] This study aimed to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system for Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[Method] Using tender stems of L.ruthenicum as explants,MS as basic culture medium,the effects of different factors on primary culture,subculture and rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets were investigated.[Result] The most appropriate medium for primary culture of L.ruthenicum was MS ＋ ZT 0.2 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which axillary buds grew well and were rarely vitrified with the germination rate of 88.73%.In addition,ZT exerted significantly better effects on subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets than 6-BA.The most appropriate medium for subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ ZT 0.15 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew rapidly and robustly without vitrification,and the proliferation multiple reached 5.83 times.The most appropriate medium for rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ IBA 1.0 mg/L,in which the rooting rate reached 100%.The most appropriate substrate for transplanting and hardening of L.ruthenicum plantlets was humus soil：perlite = 1：1,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew well with the survival rate of 92.37%.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for largescale production and popularization of L.ruthenicum.展开更多
Satellite glial cells surround neurons within dorsal root ganglia. Previous studies have focused on single-cell suspensions of cultured neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglia. At present, the primary culture met...Satellite glial cells surround neurons within dorsal root ganglia. Previous studies have focused on single-cell suspensions of cultured neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglia. At present, the primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from rat dorsal root ganglia requires no digestion skill. Hence, the aim of the present study was to establish a novel primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from dorsal root ganglia. Neonatal rat spine was collected and an incision made to expose the transverse protrusion and remove dorsal root ganglia. Dorsal root ganglia were freed from nerve fibers, connective tissue, and capsule membranes, then rinsed and transferred to 6-well plates, and cultured in a humidified 5% CO_2 incubator at 37°C. After 3 days in culture, some cells had migrated from dorsal root ganglia. After subculture, cells were identified by immunofluorescence labeling for three satellite glial cell-specific markers: glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β. Cultured cells expressed glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β, suggesting they are satellite glial cells with a purity of > 95%. Thus, we have successfully established a novel primary culture method for obtaining high-purity satellite glial cells from rat dorsal root ganglia without digestion.展开更多
The comparative studies on properties of growth and cultivated conditions of seven transformed ginkgo hairy root clones were reported. Different clones display various phenotypes characterized by growth rate.The resu...The comparative studies on properties of growth and cultivated conditions of seven transformed ginkgo hairy root clones were reported. Different clones display various phenotypes characterized by growth rate.The results show that the suitable inoculum is benefical to the growth of ginkgo hairy root.NH + 4/NO - 3, pH ,sucrose, and inositol have important effects on the growth of ginkgo hairy root.展开更多
An rooting experiment of tissue culture plantlets was carried out with sterile plantlets obtained from the stem segments of a good clone of Camellia oleifera as materials. The results showed that basic medium and illu...An rooting experiment of tissue culture plantlets was carried out with sterile plantlets obtained from the stem segments of a good clone of Camellia oleifera as materials. The results showed that basic medium and illumination condition are factors crucial to rooting of C. oleifera. With 1/4MS as basic medium, the treat- ment with the addition of 0.5 mg/L NAA and soaking in 2 000 mg/L KIBA, containing 30 mg/L sucrose and subjected to dark culture of 20 d was the optimal treat- ment, achieving a rooting rate of 86. 7%.展开更多
Phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development,and polyploids are thought to be an important method for plant breeding.However,the relationship between ploidy and phytohormone is still unclear.In t...Phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development,and polyploids are thought to be an important method for plant breeding.However,the relationship between ploidy and phytohormone is still unclear.In this study,barley at three ploidy levels were produced by microspore culture.Therefore,we further analyzed the phytohormone content in the shoots and roots of the three kinds of barley materials to study the effect of ploidy on phytohormones accumulation and distribution.The results showed that Abscisic acid(ABA),gibberellin(GA),jasmonic acid(JA),auxin(IAA),salicylic acid(SA)and cytokinin(CTK)were successfully determined in shoots and roots using LC-MS(liquid chromatography mass spectrometry).By comparing the shoots of the haploid and diploid plants,it was found that the distribution trend of the six phytohormones was consistent,and another consistent trend was found in the roots of the diploid and tetraploid plants.In addition,we further analyzed the shoot/root ratio of the different phytohormones to identify the potential differences for haploid,diploid and tetraploid.Here,the relationship between ploidy and phytohormone we provided would provide new insights into understanding the new phenotypes that occur in polyploid species.展开更多
Rhodiola quadrifida is a rare mountain medicinal plant whose root extracts are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a hemostatic,antitussive,and tonic in the treatment of gynecological diseases.The aim of the study...Rhodiola quadrifida is a rare mountain medicinal plant whose root extracts are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a hemostatic,antitussive,and tonic in the treatment of gynecological diseases.The aim of the study was to obtain R.quadrifida cultures at different degrees of differentiation in vitro and compare their growth characteristics and the content of salidroside and rosavin.Hairy roots were obtained by incubating cotyledons and hypocotyls in a suspension of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4.The presence of the rolB and rolC genes was proven by polymerase chain reaction.The obtained roots were cultivated in Murashige-Skoog medium(MS).Calluses were obtained from the hairy roots in MS medium with the addition of hormones:3 mg/L 2,4 D and 0.5 mg/L BAP.The presence of the main secondary metabolites of R.quadrifida,salidroside and rosavin,in calluses and salidroside in hairy roots by HPLC/MS was confirmed.The content of salidroside in callus culture was significantly higher than in hairy roots,0.158 and 0.047%,respectively.The content of rosavin in callus culture was 0.07%.The content of rosavin and salidroside in callus culture was close to the level of these substances in the rhizomes of R.quadrifida plants growing in vivo,making this culture promising for its possible biotechnological use.展开更多
文摘A novel form of hydroponic culture was employed to explore the physiological function of roots of a tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The pH of the nutrient solution with an actively growing tea plant decreased during cultivation. Furthermore, no oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid or citric acid, all possible factors in acidification, was detected in the nutrient solution of a growing plant. A proton pump inhibitor suppressed the acidification of the solution. Soil acidification might have been accelerated with a proton released from ammoniacal nitrogen preferentially for the growth, suggesting the specific mechanism of tea plant as a functional food.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Jilin City(201222306)
文摘[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the culture conditions for hairy roots of Aconitum coreanum（Levl.）Raipaics and optimize the amplification culture conditions in bioreactors,thus providing basis for large-scale production of A.coreanum hairy roots.[Method]The effects of different p H,culture modes and culture vessels on the growth of hairy roots were compared to obtain the optimal culture conditions for A.coreanum hairy roots.Moreover,the effects of medium volume and inoculation mode on bioreactor culture of A.coreanum hairy roots were investigated to analyze the feasibility of amplification culture of hairy roots in bioreactors.[Result]After autoclaving,medium p H was reduced slightly and the clarity of medium varied.To be specific,A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in medium at p H 5.80 exhibited the best growth.A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in liquid medium displayed more rapid growth than hairy roots cultured in solid medium.Medium p H and electrical conductivity（EC）varied with the extension of culture time.The yield and propagation coefficient of A.coreanum hairy roots were positively correlated with the size of culture vessels.The growth of hairy roots cultured in bioreactors were influenced by medium volumes and inoculation modes.[Conclusion]The growth of A.coreanum hairy roots were significantly influenced by medium p H,culture modes and culture vessels.A.coreanum hairy roots cultured in bioreactors exhibited high yield and large propagation coefficient.According to the results,the relationship between ventilation volume and hairy root density is crucial to the amplification culture of A.coreanum hairy roots.
文摘Celts, a name full of mysteries, represent the unique cultural origin for the whole western countries, including those in Europe and America. It ever experienced its infancy, its prime, and also its decline, even nearly on the verge of extinction. Later, in the late 19 th and 20 th centuries, a variety of movements and trends occurring in western countries saw a renewed interest in aspects of Celtic culture, in pursuit of the unique cultural charm of Celts.
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(072102150001)~~
文摘[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture were set to measure their photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and root vigor, and to observe their leaf tissue structure and stomatal characteristics. [Result] The findings indicated that there are no differences in the leaf physiological indices between bowl lotus under hydroponics and soil culture, while the leaf stomata of hydroponic bowl lotus is bigger and its amount is larger than that of soil-culture bowl lotus. At the same time, the ratio of the palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness is small,and its leaf tissue structure is loose. The root vigor of hydroponic bowl lotus reached its summit earlier, then began to drop. Whereas, the root activity of soil-culture lotus sustained increasing, with vigorous growth. [Conclusion] Therefore, it indicated that hydroponic bowl lotus can adapt to the aquatic-culture environment well and quickly, meanwhile, it also enters into its aging period quickly and its growth cycle gets shorter.
基金Supported by Municipal Administration and Financial Support Program of Gushi County~~
文摘Chinese Root-kin Culture Expo-Park in Guishi County of Henan Province was studied,cultural background of the project and basic conditions of the site were introduced,planning concepts and supportive projects of the root-kin culture theme park elaborated.The overall structure was designed to a pattern of "one axis and five subareas":one axis indicates the major sightseeing axis represented by Zhengxiao Riverfront Landscape Belt,and five subareas indicate Returning-to-homeland Park,Worshipping Ancestors Park,Folk Customs Park,Fujian and Taiwan Park,and Pioneering Park.Design concepts and landscape nodes of all subareas were introduced in detail,and Root-kin Culture applied in the integrated design.The authors proposed that landscape display based on Root-kin Culture should focus on materialization of cultures,reproduction of scenarios and creation of cultural atmosphere.Representative symbols should be refined from native cultures to create garden landscapes fit for actual conditions of the park.
文摘The biotransformation of artemisinin by hairy root cultures ofRheum palmatum L. was investigated for the first time. The main product, deoxyartemisinin, was isolated and characterized on the basis of its spectral data.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Pu'er City of Yunnan Province(2012kj007)
文摘[Objectives] To increase the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium officinale,and optimize the conditions of rooting medium by the response surface methodology( RSM). [Methods]The effects of 6-BA concentration,NAA concentration,potato amount and the amount of mashed banana on the growth of seedlings were determined by single factor experiment and were analyzed by Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. [Results]The optimal culture conditions: rooting medium 1/2 MS + 6-BA 0. 24 mg/L + mashed banana 87. 63 g/L + potato 89. 30 g/L + NAA 0. 52 mg/L + sucrose 20. 0 g/L + activated carbon 4. 0 g/L + agar 7. 0 g/L,p H 5. 8,and light intensity 2 000 Lx. [Conclusions]The model established by response surface methodology has a good predictability and could be used to optimize the conditions of tissue culture and rooting medium of D. officinale.
文摘In the post-genomics era, reliable phenotypes are considered the bottleneck for unraveling the genetic control over the biology of interest. Phenotyping resistance response of roots to infection by soilborne pathogen is more challenging compared to that of plant aerial parts. In additional to the hidden nature and small stature of fine roots where infection occurs, extra obstacles exist for rosaceae tree crops such as apple. Due to self-incompatible reproduction and high-level heterozygosity of apple genome, genetically identical apple plants cannot be produced through apple seed germination. Here we report an established phenotyping protocol which includes a streamlined tissue culture procedure for micropropagation of uniform apple plants, standardized inoculation procedure using Pythium ultimum, and multilayered evaluating methods on apple root resistance traits. Because of the implementation of tissue culture based micropropagation procedure, constant availability of the uniform plants with defined genetic background, equivalent age and non-contaminated roots overcame a longstanding barrier of systematic and detailed phenotypic characterization of apple root resistance traits. Repeated infection assays by root-dipping inoculation demonstrated the reproducible and wide-range plant survival rates, from single-digit to over 90% survived plants for a given genotype. Genotype-specific values due to P. ultimum inoculation on shoot and root biomass reduction, maximum root lengths, leaf number and cumulative leaf areas were quantified between mock-inoculated and P. ultimum infected plants. Use of a glass-box container offered enhanced accessibility and minimized invasiveness for continuous and non-disruptive observation on the necrosis progression patterns along inoculated roots. With the assistance of a dissecting microscope, the genotype-specific resistance responses along the infected apple roots were captured and analyzed in detail. This reported phenotyping protocol represents a major development and should be easily adopted for other rosacea tree fruit crops with minor modifications.
文摘Tea tree oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca alternifolia （Maiden ＆ Betche） Cheel, and it is widely used in medicines, food preservatives, cosmetics and health care products. Traditional propagation of M. alternifolia from seeds does not necessarily transfer the desired characteristics from their mother trees, the seedlings are not uniform, and the multiplication rate from cuttings is relatively low. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop tissue culture techniques for this species. This study showed that an efficient explant initiation medium for M. alternifolia was MS 1/2 ＋ BA 0.6mg L^-1 ＋NAA 0.1 mg L^-1＋sucrose 30g L-l, which yielded a 75.9 % initiation rate. An efficient multi- plication medium was MS ＋ BA 0.3 mg L^-1＋ NAA 0.15 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 30 g L^-1, which yielded a 4.3 multiplication rate and 3.2 cm shoot length. The rooting medium was MS 1/2 ＋ IBA 0.1-0.25 mg L^-1 ＋ sucrose 15 g L^-1, which yielded a 100 % rooting rate, 2.94-3.32 roots per individual and 1.36-1.44 cm root length. Local red-core soil was suitable as a transplant medium, and yielded 98 % survival. This study improved the tissue culture technique for mass-propagation of M. alternifolia, enabling the production of high quality plants for market.
文摘Culture Street is the place which no visitor to Tianjin will want to miss. There one can find Qing-style mansions stretching for more than six hundred metres, displays of antiques and per-formances of well-preserved cultural activities. The street is located at the northeastern corner of old Tianjin city where the roots of the city’s history and culture lie. Two hundred years ago when Tianjin was a small port, Tianhou (Goddess of the Temple) was already there. Merchants and those who were traveling away from home by sea would all go to the temple to ask for the god-
文摘The artemisinin accumulation in the hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. was enhanced via a treatment of three fungal elicitors separately ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Vuill and Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove). Among these three elicitors, V. dahliae had the highest inducing efficiency, but none of them manifests any noticeable effects on the cell growth of the hairy root cultures. The artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures treated with V. dahliae elicitor was 1.12 mg/g DW, which was 45% higher than the control (0.77 mg/g DW). The results showed that elicitation was dependent on the elicitor concentration, the incubation period and the physiological stage at which the hairy root cultures were treated. In addition, the authors found that for V. dahliae , the optimum concentration was 0.4 mg carbohydrate per millilitre medium, the strongest response of A. annua hairy root cultures to the elicitation was at the late exponential growth stage, and the highest artemisinin content of the hairy root cultures was on the 4th day post treatment.
文摘Water is the source of life. China ranks No.13 among the water shortage countries. The most of the water is utilized in agriculture, while the utilization rate of irrigation water is only 40%, so it is very important to study on the theory and technology on high efficient water utilization. The purpose for this study is to find out the optimal drainage line on potted flowers through the analysis of experimental results of Aglaonema modestum and Rhododendron simsii Planch in different drainage lines.
基金Supported by Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Yanbian University in 2015(ydbksky2015252)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to shorten the multiplication culture and root- ing culture periods of Rh. chrysanthum Pall. [Method] The Rh. chrysanthum Pall tis- sue culture plantlets collected from Changbai Mountain were used as material, and the effects of different hormone combinations and coconut milk on the proliferation and differentiation of Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets were investigated. In addition, the rooting medium and transplanting matrix for Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets were explored. [Result] The medium composed of modified MS, iBA （3 mg/L） and ZT （1.5 mg/L） was the optimum medium for subculture mul- tiplication of Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets. The multiplication multiple and average plant height were significantly improved by adding coconut milk into the medium （150 mg/L）. [Conclusion] For Rh. chrysanthum Pall tissue culture plantlets, the optimum rooting culture medium was composed of modified MS （1/4） and IBA （5.0 mg/L）, and the tissue culture plantlets began to root 8 d after the inoculation. The root induction treatment was carried out after a 15-d sand culture, and the suitable matrix was composed of tufty soil, humus soil and perlite （2：1：1） with a survival rate of 95.66%.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system for Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[Method] Using tender stems of L.ruthenicum as explants,MS as basic culture medium,the effects of different factors on primary culture,subculture and rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets were investigated.[Result] The most appropriate medium for primary culture of L.ruthenicum was MS ＋ ZT 0.2 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which axillary buds grew well and were rarely vitrified with the germination rate of 88.73%.In addition,ZT exerted significantly better effects on subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets than 6-BA.The most appropriate medium for subculture and proliferation of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ ZT 0.15 mg/L ＋ IBA 0.01 mg/L,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew rapidly and robustly without vitrification,and the proliferation multiple reached 5.83 times.The most appropriate medium for rooting of L.ruthenicum plantlets was MS ＋ IBA 1.0 mg/L,in which the rooting rate reached 100%.The most appropriate substrate for transplanting and hardening of L.ruthenicum plantlets was humus soil：perlite = 1：1,in which L.ruthenicum plantlets grew well with the survival rate of 92.37%.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for largescale production and popularization of L.ruthenicum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31560295(to LYL)the Priority Union Foundation of Yunnan Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University of China,No.2015FB098(to JHG)+1 种基金the Project of Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Cultivation of Kunming Medical University of China,No.CGPY201802(to LYL)the Health Science and Technology Plan Projects of Yunnan Province of China,No.2014NS202(to JHG)
文摘Satellite glial cells surround neurons within dorsal root ganglia. Previous studies have focused on single-cell suspensions of cultured neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglia. At present, the primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from rat dorsal root ganglia requires no digestion skill. Hence, the aim of the present study was to establish a novel primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from dorsal root ganglia. Neonatal rat spine was collected and an incision made to expose the transverse protrusion and remove dorsal root ganglia. Dorsal root ganglia were freed from nerve fibers, connective tissue, and capsule membranes, then rinsed and transferred to 6-well plates, and cultured in a humidified 5% CO_2 incubator at 37°C. After 3 days in culture, some cells had migrated from dorsal root ganglia. After subculture, cells were identified by immunofluorescence labeling for three satellite glial cell-specific markers: glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β. Cultured cells expressed glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β, suggesting they are satellite glial cells with a purity of > 95%. Thus, we have successfully established a novel primary culture method for obtaining high-purity satellite glial cells from rat dorsal root ganglia without digestion.
文摘The comparative studies on properties of growth and cultivated conditions of seven transformed ginkgo hairy root clones were reported. Different clones display various phenotypes characterized by growth rate.The results show that the suitable inoculum is benefical to the growth of ginkgo hairy root.NH + 4/NO - 3, pH ,sucrose, and inositol have important effects on the growth of ginkgo hairy root.
基金Supported by Camellia oleifera Industry Development Fund of Hunan Province
文摘An rooting experiment of tissue culture plantlets was carried out with sterile plantlets obtained from the stem segments of a good clone of Camellia oleifera as materials. The results showed that basic medium and illumination condition are factors crucial to rooting of C. oleifera. With 1/4MS as basic medium, the treat- ment with the addition of 0.5 mg/L NAA and soaking in 2 000 mg/L KIBA, containing 30 mg/L sucrose and subjected to dark culture of 20 d was the optimal treat- ment, achieving a rooting rate of 86. 7%.
基金Key Technology R&D Project of Shanghai Agriculture-developed with Science&Technology Program,China(Grant No.2018(1-2))the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(Grant No.19ZR1417000)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000702-5)the Climbing Plan of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2022)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-05-01A-02).
文摘Phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development,and polyploids are thought to be an important method for plant breeding.However,the relationship between ploidy and phytohormone is still unclear.In this study,barley at three ploidy levels were produced by microspore culture.Therefore,we further analyzed the phytohormone content in the shoots and roots of the three kinds of barley materials to study the effect of ploidy on phytohormones accumulation and distribution.The results showed that Abscisic acid(ABA),gibberellin(GA),jasmonic acid(JA),auxin(IAA),salicylic acid(SA)and cytokinin(CTK)were successfully determined in shoots and roots using LC-MS(liquid chromatography mass spectrometry).By comparing the shoots of the haploid and diploid plants,it was found that the distribution trend of the six phytohormones was consistent,and another consistent trend was found in the roots of the diploid and tetraploid plants.In addition,we further analyzed the shoot/root ratio of the different phytohormones to identify the potential differences for haploid,diploid and tetraploid.Here,the relationship between ploidy and phytohormone we provided would provide new insights into understanding the new phenotypes that occur in polyploid species.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation(Topic No.АААА-А19-119041890054-8).
文摘Rhodiola quadrifida is a rare mountain medicinal plant whose root extracts are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a hemostatic,antitussive,and tonic in the treatment of gynecological diseases.The aim of the study was to obtain R.quadrifida cultures at different degrees of differentiation in vitro and compare their growth characteristics and the content of salidroside and rosavin.Hairy roots were obtained by incubating cotyledons and hypocotyls in a suspension of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4.The presence of the rolB and rolC genes was proven by polymerase chain reaction.The obtained roots were cultivated in Murashige-Skoog medium(MS).Calluses were obtained from the hairy roots in MS medium with the addition of hormones:3 mg/L 2,4 D and 0.5 mg/L BAP.The presence of the main secondary metabolites of R.quadrifida,salidroside and rosavin,in calluses and salidroside in hairy roots by HPLC/MS was confirmed.The content of salidroside in callus culture was significantly higher than in hairy roots,0.158 and 0.047%,respectively.The content of rosavin in callus culture was 0.07%.The content of rosavin and salidroside in callus culture was close to the level of these substances in the rhizomes of R.quadrifida plants growing in vivo,making this culture promising for its possible biotechnological use.
