To investigate the relationship between grain sizes, seepage capacity, and oil-displacement efficiency in the Liushagang Formation of the Beibuwan Basin, this study identifies the multistage pore-throat structure as a...To investigate the relationship between grain sizes, seepage capacity, and oil-displacement efficiency in the Liushagang Formation of the Beibuwan Basin, this study identifies the multistage pore-throat structure as a crucial factor through a comparison of oil displacement in microscopic pore-throat experiments. The two-phase flow evaluation method based on the Li-Horne model is utilized to effectively characterize and quantify the seepage characteristics of different reservoirs, closely relating them to the distribution of microscopic pores and throats. It is observed that conglomerate sandstones at different stages exhibit significant heterogeneity and noticeable differences in seepage capacity, highlighting the crucial role played by certain large pore throats in determining seepage capacity and oil displacement efficiency. Furthermore, it was found that the displacement effects of conglomeratic sandstones with strong heterogeneity were inferior to those of conventional homogeneous sandstone, as evidenced by multiple displacement experiments conducted on core samples with varying granularities and flooding systems. Subsequently, core-based experiments on associated gas flooding after water flooding were conducted to address the challenge of achieving satisfactory results in a single displacement mode for reservoirs with significant heterogeneity. The results indicate that the oil recovery rates for associated gas flooding after water flooding increased by 7.3%-16.4% compared with water flooding alone at a gas-oil ratio of approximately 7000 m^(3)/m^(3). Therefore, considering the advantages of gas flooding in terms of seepage capacity, oil exchange ratio, and the potential for two-phase production, gas flooding is recommended as an energy supplement mode for homogeneous reservoirs in the presence of sufficient gas source and appropriate tectonic angle. On the other hand, associated gas flooding after water flooding is suggested to achieve a more favorable development effect compared to a single mode of energy supplementation for strongly heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs.展开更多
To investigate the influence of confining pressures and temperatures on the seepage characteristics of fractured rocks, seepage tests were conducted on a fractured silty mudstone using a self-developed experimental sy...To investigate the influence of confining pressures and temperatures on the seepage characteristics of fractured rocks, seepage tests were conducted on a fractured silty mudstone using a self-developed experimental system, and the effects of different factors on coefficient of permeability were discussed. The results showed that the increasing confining pressure will gradually decrease the coefficient of permeability, and this process is divided into two stages: 1) the fast decrease stage, which corresponds to a confining pressure less than 30 kPa, and 2) the slow decrease stage, which corresponds to a confining pressure larger than 30 kPa. Unlike confining pressure, an increase in temperature will increase the coefficient of permeability. It is noted that fracture surface roughness will also affect the variation of coefficient of permeability to a certain extent. Among the three examined factors, the effect of confining pressure increases is dominant on fracture permeability coefficient. The relationship between the confining pressure and coefficient of permeability can be quantified by an exponential function.展开更多
A mixture of fault gouge and rubble taken out from a fault zone is used to prepare a S-RM(Soil-Rock Mixture)sample with rock block proportions of 20%,30%,40%,50%,60%and 70%,respectively.A GDS triaxial test system is u...A mixture of fault gouge and rubble taken out from a fault zone is used to prepare a S-RM(Soil-Rock Mixture)sample with rock block proportions of 20%,30%,40%,50%,60%and 70%,respectively.A GDS triaxial test system is used accordingly to measure the seepage characteristics of such samples under different loading and unloading confining pressures in order to determine the variation law of the permeability coefficient.The test results show that:(1)The permeability coefficient of the S-RM samples decreases as the pressure increases,and the decrease rate of this coefficient in the initial stage of confining pressure loading is obviously higher than in the semi-late period;(2)The permeability coefficient at different confining pressure levels presents a common trend as the rock block proportion is increased,i.e.,it decreases first then it increases(the permeability coefficient of the sample with rock block proportion 40%being the smallest,70%the largest);(3)In the stage of confining pressure unloading,the recovery degree of the permeability coefficient grows with the increase of rock block proportion(the recovery rate of S-RM sample with rock block proportion 70%reaches 50.2%);(4)In the stage of confining pressure loading and unloading,the sensitivity of the permeability coefficient to the rock block proportion displays the inverse“Z”variation rule(when rock block proportion reaches 60%,the sensitivity is highest);(5)In the stage of confining pressure loading,the relationship between the permeability coefficient and confining pressure can be described by an exponential relationship.展开更多
Microscopic seepage characteristics are critical for the evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs.In this study,a digital core approach integrating microscopic seepage simulation and CT scanning was developed to chara...Microscopic seepage characteristics are critical for the evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs.In this study,a digital core approach integrating microscopic seepage simulation and CT scanning was developed to characterize microscopic seepage and fracture effectiveness(the ratio of micro-fractures that contributes to fluid flow)of tight sandstones.Numerical simulations were carried out for characterizations of tight sandstones.The results show that the axial permeability of the investigated cylindrical tight sandstone from Junggar Basin in China is 0.460μm~2,while the radial permeability is 0.3723μm~2,and the axial and radial effective fracture ratios are 0.4387 and 0.4806,respectively,indicating that cracks are not fully developed and the connectivity between micro-cracks is poor.Directional permeability that is difficult to measure by laboratory experiments can be obtained readily using the proposed method in this paper.The results provide important information for improving the exploration and development of tight sandstone reservoirs.展开更多
Broken coal and rock(BCR)are an important component medium of the caving zone in the goaf(or gob),as well as the main filling material of fault fracture zone and collapse column.The compaction seepage characteristics ...Broken coal and rock(BCR)are an important component medium of the caving zone in the goaf(or gob),as well as the main filling material of fault fracture zone and collapse column.The compaction seepage characteristics of BCR directly affect the safe and efficient mining of coal mines.Thus,numerous laboratory studies have focused on the compaction seepage characteristics of BCR.This paper first outlines the engineering problems involved in the BCR during coal mining including the air leakage,the spontaneous combustion,the gas drainage,and the un-derground reservoirs in the goaf.Water inrush related to tectonics such as faults and collapse columns and surface subsidence related to coal gangue filling and mining also involve the compaction seepage characteristics of BCR.Based on the field problems of BCR,many attempts have been made to mimic field environments in laboratory tests.The experimental equipment(cavity size and shape,acoustic emission,CT,etc.)and experimental design for the BCR were firstly reviewed.The main objects of laboratory analysis can be divided into compression tests and seepage test.During the compaction test,the main research focuses on the bearing deformation characteristics(stress-strain curve),pore evolution characteristics,and re-crushing characteristics of BCR.The seepage test mainly uses gas or water as the main medium to study the evolution characteristics of permeability under different compaction stress conditions.In the laboratory tests,factors such as the type of coal and rock mass,particle size,particle shape,water pressure,temperature,and stress path are usually considered.The lateral compression test of BCR can be divided into three stages,including the self-adjustment stage,the broken stage,and the elastic stage or stable stage.At each stage,stress,deformation,porosity,energy,particle size and breakage rate all have their own characteristics.Seepage test regarding the water permeability experiment of BCR is actually belong to variable mass seepage.While the experimental test still focuses on the influence of stress on the pore structure of BCR in terms of gas permeability.Finally,future laboratory tests focus on the BCR related coal mining including scaling up,long term loading and water immersion,mining stress path matching were discussed.展开更多
Based on the importance of fractured rock mass seepage research, in order to analyze seepage flow characteristics of collapse column under the influence of mining, a method by embedding fractured rock mass flow solid ...Based on the importance of fractured rock mass seepage research, in order to analyze seepage flow characteristics of collapse column under the influence of mining, a method by embedding fractured rock mass flow solid coupling relationship into FLAC3D internal flow models is presented according to fluid-solid coupling theory and strength criterion. A calculation model of numerical analysis was established, and the influences of mining pressure and plastic damage to pore water pressure and seepage vector change rule were studied. The results show that collapse column is the main channel of confined water seepage upward. The impact is not big when the workface is away from the collapse column. But when the workface is nearing a collapse column, there will be a seepage channel on a side near the workface, in which seepage vector and head are comparatively large. With workface pushing through collapse column, the seepage channel transfers to the other side of the column. In addition, when the plastic damage area within the collapse column breaks through, a "pipeline flow" will be formed within the column, and seepage field will change remarkably and the possibility of water bursting will be greater.展开更多
Actual sandstone micromodel was used in this work to conduct the microscopic waterflooding experiment of ultra-low sandstone reservoir,since the inside seepage characteristics of microscopic waterflooding process of C...Actual sandstone micromodel was used in this work to conduct the microscopic waterflooding experiment of ultra-low sandstone reservoir,since the inside seepage characteristics of microscopic waterflooding process of Chang 8 ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic Yanchang formation in Huaqing region of the Ordos Basin,China is difficult to observe directly.Combined with physical property,casting thin sections,constant-rate mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance,the influence of reservoir property on the waterflooding characteristics in pores were analyzed and evaluated.Seepage paths of waterflooding characteristics were divided into four types:homogeneous seepage,reticular-homogeneous seepage,finger-reticular seepage and finger-like seepage,the waterflooding efficiency of which decreases in turn.More than 70%of residual oil occurs as flowing-around seepage and oil film.Physical property,pore structure and movable fluid characteristics are all controlled by digenesis and their impacts on waterflooding efficiency are in accordance.Generally,the pore throat radius size and distribution and movable fluid percentage are closely related to waterflooding law.展开更多
A gas–solid coupling model involving coal seam deformation,gas diffusion and seepage,gas adsorption and desorption was built to study the gas transport rule under the effect of protective coal seam mining.The researc...A gas–solid coupling model involving coal seam deformation,gas diffusion and seepage,gas adsorption and desorption was built to study the gas transport rule under the effect of protective coal seam mining.The research results indicate:(1) The depressurization effect changes the stress state of an overlying coal seam and causes its permeability to increase,thus gas in the protected coal seam will be desorbed and transported under the effect of a gas pressure gradient,which will cause a decrease in gas pressure.(2) Gas pressure can be further decreased by setting out gas extraction boreholes in the overlying coal seam,which can effectively reduce the coal and gas outburst risk.The research is of important engineering significance for studying the gas transport rule in protected coal seam and providing important reference for controlling coal and gas outbursts in deep mining in China.展开更多
Unconventional reservoirs are normally characterized by dual porous media, which has both multi-scalepore and fracture structures, such as low permeability or tight oil reservoirs. The seepage characteristicsof such r...Unconventional reservoirs are normally characterized by dual porous media, which has both multi-scalepore and fracture structures, such as low permeability or tight oil reservoirs. The seepage characteristicsof such reservoirs is mainly determined by micro-fractures, but conventional laboratory experimentalmethods are difficult to measure it, which is attribute to the dynamic cracking of these micro-fractures.The emerging digital core technology in recent years can solve this problem by developing an accuratepore network model and a rational simulation approach. In this study, a novel pore-fracture dualnetwork model was established based on percolation theory. Fluid flow in the pore of two scales, microfracture and matrix pore, were considered, also with the impact of micro-fracture opening and closingduring flow. Some seepage characteristic parameters, such as fluid saturations, capillary pressure, relative permeabilities, displacement efficiency in different flow stage, can be predicted by proposedcalculating method. Through these work, seepage characteristics of dual porous media can be achieved.展开更多
Aiming at the actual demand of Guan 109-1 block in Dagang oilfield,by means of instrumental analysis,chemical analysis,modern physical simulation,viewing polymer viscosity and seepage characteristic as evaluation inde...Aiming at the actual demand of Guan 109-1 block in Dagang oilfield,by means of instrumental analysis,chemical analysis,modern physical simulation,viewing polymer viscosity and seepage characteristic as evaluation index,the experimental research on the influence of water disposal method on the property of chemical oil-displacement agent was carried out.Results showed that through adding scaling agent,scale was formed because of the reaction between scaling agent and Ca^2+,Mg^2+ in the flooding water,which could enhance the viscosity of polymer solution.Through comparing the resistance factor and residual resistance factor of polymer solution which was respectively prepared with flooding water,softened water and scale,the resistance factor and residual resistance factor of polymer solution with scale was the largest,that of polymer solution prepared with softened water was second and that of polymer solution prepared with flooding water came last.Furthermore,scaling agent weakened the gelling effect between cross-linking agent Cr^3+ and polymer molecule chains.The earlier the crosslinking agent Cr^3+ was added,the larger the polymer viscosity,resistance factor and residual resistance factor of Cr3t polymer were.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Project(Nos.CNOOC-KJ 135 ZDXM 38 ZJ 01 ZJ,KJGG2021-0505) of CNOOC Co.,Ltd.of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42002171)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020TQ0299,2020M682520)Postdoctoral Innovation Science Foundation of Hubei Province of ChinaScientific Research Project of Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC(No.ZYKY-2022-ZJ-02)。
文摘To investigate the relationship between grain sizes, seepage capacity, and oil-displacement efficiency in the Liushagang Formation of the Beibuwan Basin, this study identifies the multistage pore-throat structure as a crucial factor through a comparison of oil displacement in microscopic pore-throat experiments. The two-phase flow evaluation method based on the Li-Horne model is utilized to effectively characterize and quantify the seepage characteristics of different reservoirs, closely relating them to the distribution of microscopic pores and throats. It is observed that conglomerate sandstones at different stages exhibit significant heterogeneity and noticeable differences in seepage capacity, highlighting the crucial role played by certain large pore throats in determining seepage capacity and oil displacement efficiency. Furthermore, it was found that the displacement effects of conglomeratic sandstones with strong heterogeneity were inferior to those of conventional homogeneous sandstone, as evidenced by multiple displacement experiments conducted on core samples with varying granularities and flooding systems. Subsequently, core-based experiments on associated gas flooding after water flooding were conducted to address the challenge of achieving satisfactory results in a single displacement mode for reservoirs with significant heterogeneity. The results indicate that the oil recovery rates for associated gas flooding after water flooding increased by 7.3%-16.4% compared with water flooding alone at a gas-oil ratio of approximately 7000 m^(3)/m^(3). Therefore, considering the advantages of gas flooding in terms of seepage capacity, oil exchange ratio, and the potential for two-phase production, gas flooding is recommended as an energy supplement mode for homogeneous reservoirs in the presence of sufficient gas source and appropriate tectonic angle. On the other hand, associated gas flooding after water flooding is suggested to achieve a more favorable development effect compared to a single mode of energy supplementation for strongly heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs.
基金Projects(51838001, 51878070, 51908073, 51908069) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2019SK2171) supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province, China+2 种基金Project(kq1905043) supported by the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha, ChinaProject(2019IC04) supported by Double First-class Scientific Research International Cooperation Expansion Project of Changsha University of Science & Technology, ChinaProject(CX20200811) supported by Postgraduate Research and Innovation Key Project of Hunan Province, China。
文摘To investigate the influence of confining pressures and temperatures on the seepage characteristics of fractured rocks, seepage tests were conducted on a fractured silty mudstone using a self-developed experimental system, and the effects of different factors on coefficient of permeability were discussed. The results showed that the increasing confining pressure will gradually decrease the coefficient of permeability, and this process is divided into two stages: 1) the fast decrease stage, which corresponds to a confining pressure less than 30 kPa, and 2) the slow decrease stage, which corresponds to a confining pressure larger than 30 kPa. Unlike confining pressure, an increase in temperature will increase the coefficient of permeability. It is noted that fracture surface roughness will also affect the variation of coefficient of permeability to a certain extent. Among the three examined factors, the effect of confining pressure increases is dominant on fracture permeability coefficient. The relationship between the confining pressure and coefficient of permeability can be quantified by an exponential function.
基金This work was supported by the Key Laboratory of Safety and High-Efficiency Coal Mining,Ministry of Education,Anhui University of Science and Technology(JYBSYS2020209)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(KJHS2020B13)the Huangshan University School Level Talent Launch Project(No.2020XKJQ001).
文摘A mixture of fault gouge and rubble taken out from a fault zone is used to prepare a S-RM(Soil-Rock Mixture)sample with rock block proportions of 20%,30%,40%,50%,60%and 70%,respectively.A GDS triaxial test system is used accordingly to measure the seepage characteristics of such samples under different loading and unloading confining pressures in order to determine the variation law of the permeability coefficient.The test results show that:(1)The permeability coefficient of the S-RM samples decreases as the pressure increases,and the decrease rate of this coefficient in the initial stage of confining pressure loading is obviously higher than in the semi-late period;(2)The permeability coefficient at different confining pressure levels presents a common trend as the rock block proportion is increased,i.e.,it decreases first then it increases(the permeability coefficient of the sample with rock block proportion 40%being the smallest,70%the largest);(3)In the stage of confining pressure unloading,the recovery degree of the permeability coefficient grows with the increase of rock block proportion(the recovery rate of S-RM sample with rock block proportion 70%reaches 50.2%);(4)In the stage of confining pressure loading and unloading,the sensitivity of the permeability coefficient to the rock block proportion displays the inverse“Z”variation rule(when rock block proportion reaches 60%,the sensitivity is highest);(5)In the stage of confining pressure loading,the relationship between the permeability coefficient and confining pressure can be described by an exponential relationship.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41972138)the Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.ZD2019-183007,2016ZX05002-002)。
文摘Microscopic seepage characteristics are critical for the evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs.In this study,a digital core approach integrating microscopic seepage simulation and CT scanning was developed to characterize microscopic seepage and fracture effectiveness(the ratio of micro-fractures that contributes to fluid flow)of tight sandstones.Numerical simulations were carried out for characterizations of tight sandstones.The results show that the axial permeability of the investigated cylindrical tight sandstone from Junggar Basin in China is 0.460μm~2,while the radial permeability is 0.3723μm~2,and the axial and radial effective fracture ratios are 0.4387 and 0.4806,respectively,indicating that cracks are not fully developed and the connectivity between micro-cracks is poor.Directional permeability that is difficult to measure by laboratory experiments can be obtained readily using the proposed method in this paper.The results provide important information for improving the exploration and development of tight sandstone reservoirs.
基金support for this work is provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3012101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104155)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(8212032)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023ZKPYNY03).
文摘Broken coal and rock(BCR)are an important component medium of the caving zone in the goaf(or gob),as well as the main filling material of fault fracture zone and collapse column.The compaction seepage characteristics of BCR directly affect the safe and efficient mining of coal mines.Thus,numerous laboratory studies have focused on the compaction seepage characteristics of BCR.This paper first outlines the engineering problems involved in the BCR during coal mining including the air leakage,the spontaneous combustion,the gas drainage,and the un-derground reservoirs in the goaf.Water inrush related to tectonics such as faults and collapse columns and surface subsidence related to coal gangue filling and mining also involve the compaction seepage characteristics of BCR.Based on the field problems of BCR,many attempts have been made to mimic field environments in laboratory tests.The experimental equipment(cavity size and shape,acoustic emission,CT,etc.)and experimental design for the BCR were firstly reviewed.The main objects of laboratory analysis can be divided into compression tests and seepage test.During the compaction test,the main research focuses on the bearing deformation characteristics(stress-strain curve),pore evolution characteristics,and re-crushing characteristics of BCR.The seepage test mainly uses gas or water as the main medium to study the evolution characteristics of permeability under different compaction stress conditions.In the laboratory tests,factors such as the type of coal and rock mass,particle size,particle shape,water pressure,temperature,and stress path are usually considered.The lateral compression test of BCR can be divided into three stages,including the self-adjustment stage,the broken stage,and the elastic stage or stable stage.At each stage,stress,deformation,porosity,energy,particle size and breakage rate all have their own characteristics.Seepage test regarding the water permeability experiment of BCR is actually belong to variable mass seepage.While the experimental test still focuses on the influence of stress on the pore structure of BCR in terms of gas permeability.Finally,future laboratory tests focus on the BCR related coal mining including scaling up,long term loading and water immersion,mining stress path matching were discussed.
基金the financial support for this work by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. 2010CB226805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 0874103)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2008135)
文摘Based on the importance of fractured rock mass seepage research, in order to analyze seepage flow characteristics of collapse column under the influence of mining, a method by embedding fractured rock mass flow solid coupling relationship into FLAC3D internal flow models is presented according to fluid-solid coupling theory and strength criterion. A calculation model of numerical analysis was established, and the influences of mining pressure and plastic damage to pore water pressure and seepage vector change rule were studied. The results show that collapse column is the main channel of confined water seepage upward. The impact is not big when the workface is away from the collapse column. But when the workface is nearing a collapse column, there will be a seepage channel on a side near the workface, in which seepage vector and head are comparatively large. With workface pushing through collapse column, the seepage channel transfers to the other side of the column. In addition, when the plastic damage area within the collapse column breaks through, a "pipeline flow" will be formed within the column, and seepage field will change remarkably and the possibility of water bursting will be greater.
基金Project(2015KTCL01-09)supported by the Innovation Project of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject(2015M582699)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation+1 种基金Project(2016JQ4022)supported by the Natural Science Foundation Research Project of Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject(41702146)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Actual sandstone micromodel was used in this work to conduct the microscopic waterflooding experiment of ultra-low sandstone reservoir,since the inside seepage characteristics of microscopic waterflooding process of Chang 8 ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic Yanchang formation in Huaqing region of the Ordos Basin,China is difficult to observe directly.Combined with physical property,casting thin sections,constant-rate mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance,the influence of reservoir property on the waterflooding characteristics in pores were analyzed and evaluated.Seepage paths of waterflooding characteristics were divided into four types:homogeneous seepage,reticular-homogeneous seepage,finger-reticular seepage and finger-like seepage,the waterflooding efficiency of which decreases in turn.More than 70%of residual oil occurs as flowing-around seepage and oil film.Physical property,pore structure and movable fluid characteristics are all controlled by digenesis and their impacts on waterflooding efficiency are in accordance.Generally,the pore throat radius size and distribution and movable fluid percentage are closely related to waterflooding law.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51304072,51574112 and 51404100)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Henan Scientific Committee (No.164100510013)+2 种基金the Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province (No.15A440010)the Chinese Ministry of Education Science and Technology Research Project (No.213022A)the Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University (No.B2013-007)
文摘A gas–solid coupling model involving coal seam deformation,gas diffusion and seepage,gas adsorption and desorption was built to study the gas transport rule under the effect of protective coal seam mining.The research results indicate:(1) The depressurization effect changes the stress state of an overlying coal seam and causes its permeability to increase,thus gas in the protected coal seam will be desorbed and transported under the effect of a gas pressure gradient,which will cause a decrease in gas pressure.(2) Gas pressure can be further decreased by setting out gas extraction boreholes in the overlying coal seam,which can effectively reduce the coal and gas outburst risk.The research is of important engineering significance for studying the gas transport rule in protected coal seam and providing important reference for controlling coal and gas outbursts in deep mining in China.
基金The writers greatly appreciate the financial support of the Major Special Project of PetroChina Co Ltd.(2017E-0406)the National Science and Technology Major Project during the 13th Five-year Plan Period(2016ZX05010-00504).
文摘Unconventional reservoirs are normally characterized by dual porous media, which has both multi-scalepore and fracture structures, such as low permeability or tight oil reservoirs. The seepage characteristicsof such reservoirs is mainly determined by micro-fractures, but conventional laboratory experimentalmethods are difficult to measure it, which is attribute to the dynamic cracking of these micro-fractures.The emerging digital core technology in recent years can solve this problem by developing an accuratepore network model and a rational simulation approach. In this study, a novel pore-fracture dualnetwork model was established based on percolation theory. Fluid flow in the pore of two scales, microfracture and matrix pore, were considered, also with the impact of micro-fracture opening and closingduring flow. Some seepage characteristic parameters, such as fluid saturations, capillary pressure, relative permeabilities, displacement efficiency in different flow stage, can be predicted by proposedcalculating method. Through these work, seepage characteristics of dual porous media can be achieved.
文摘Aiming at the actual demand of Guan 109-1 block in Dagang oilfield,by means of instrumental analysis,chemical analysis,modern physical simulation,viewing polymer viscosity and seepage characteristic as evaluation index,the experimental research on the influence of water disposal method on the property of chemical oil-displacement agent was carried out.Results showed that through adding scaling agent,scale was formed because of the reaction between scaling agent and Ca^2+,Mg^2+ in the flooding water,which could enhance the viscosity of polymer solution.Through comparing the resistance factor and residual resistance factor of polymer solution which was respectively prepared with flooding water,softened water and scale,the resistance factor and residual resistance factor of polymer solution with scale was the largest,that of polymer solution prepared with softened water was second and that of polymer solution prepared with flooding water came last.Furthermore,scaling agent weakened the gelling effect between cross-linking agent Cr^3+ and polymer molecule chains.The earlier the crosslinking agent Cr^3+ was added,the larger the polymer viscosity,resistance factor and residual resistance factor of Cr3t polymer were.
