A facile one-step co-precipitation method was demonstrated to fabricate amorphous sulfurcontaining calcium phosphate （SCP） nanoparticles, in which the sulfur group was in-situ introduced into calcium phosphate. The ...A facile one-step co-precipitation method was demonstrated to fabricate amorphous sulfurcontaining calcium phosphate （SCP） nanoparticles, in which the sulfur group was in-situ introduced into calcium phosphate. The resulting SCP exhibited a noticeable enhanced performance for Pb（II） removal in comparison with hydroxyapatite （HAP）, being capable of easily reducing 20 ppm of Pb（II） to below the acceptable standard for drinking water within less than 10 min. Remarkably, the saturated removal capacities of Pb（II） on SCP were as high as 1720.57 mg/g calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model, exceeding largely that of the previously reported absorbents. Significantly, SCP displayed highly selective removal ability toward Pb（II） ions in the presence of the competing metal ions （Ni（II）, Co（II）, Zn（II）, and Cd（II））. Further investigations indicated that such ultra-high removal efficiency and preferable affinity of Pb（II） ions on SCP may be reasonably ascribed to the formation of rodlike hydroxypyromorphite crystals on the surface of SCP via dissolution-precipitation and ion exchange reactions, accompanied by the presence of lead sulfide precipitates. High removal efficiency, fast removal kinetics and excellent selectivity toward Pb（II） made the obtained SCP material an ideal candidate for Pb（II） ions decontamination in practical application.展开更多
The industrial silica fume pretreated by nitric acid at 80 °C was re-used in this work. Then, the obtained silica nanoparticles were surface functionalized by silane coupling agents, such as(3-Mercaptopropyl) tri...The industrial silica fume pretreated by nitric acid at 80 °C was re-used in this work. Then, the obtained silica nanoparticles were surface functionalized by silane coupling agents, such as(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane(MPTES) and(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES). Some further modifications were studied by chloroaceetyl choride and 1,8-Diaminoaphalene for amino modified silica. The surface functionalized silica nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FI-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The prepared adsorbent of surface functionalized silica nanoparticles with differential function groups were investigated in the selective adsorption about Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ions in aqueous solutions. The results show that the(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-MPTES) play an important role in the selective adsorption of Cu2+ and Hg2+, the(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES) functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-APTES) exhibited maximum removal efficiency towards Pb2+ and Hg2+, the 1,8-Diaminoaphalene functionalized silica nanoparticles was excellent for removal of Hg2+ at room temperature, respectively.展开更多
Color filters are produced using semiconductor production techniques although problems with low yield remain to be addressed. This study presents a new means of selective removal using excimer irradiation, chemical et...Color filters are produced using semiconductor production techniques although problems with low yield remain to be addressed. This study presents a new means of selective removal using excimer irradiation, chemical etching, or electrochemical machining on the fifth generation TFT LCDs. The selective removal of microstructure layers from the color filter surface of an optoelectronic flat panel display, as well as complete removal of the ITO thin-films, RGB layer, or resin black matrix (BM) layer from the substrate is possible. Individual defective film layers can be removed, or all films down to the Cr layer or bare glass can be completely eliminated. Experimental results demonstrate that defective ITO thin-films, RGB layers, or the resin BM layer can now be recycled with a great precision. When the ITO or RGB layer proves difficult to remove, excimer light can be used to help with removal. During this recycling process, the use of 225 nm excimer irradiation before chemical etching, or electrochemical machining, makes removal of stubborn film residues easy, effectively improving the quality of recycled color filters and reducing fabrication cost.展开更多
An anion exchange resin NDP-5 has been prepared successfully and applied on the selective removal of nitrate from SO_4^（2-）/ NO_3^- binary co-existence system.The composition and morphology of NDP-5 were confirmed b...An anion exchange resin NDP-5 has been prepared successfully and applied on the selective removal of nitrate from SO_4^（2-）/ NO_3^- binary co-existence system.The composition and morphology of NDP-5 were confirmed by FT-IR and SEM.The NDP-5 resin exhibits the completely different behavior on the adsorption capacity,adsorption kinetic and the effect of the completing anion in the absence or presence of sulfate,compared to D213.And,the resultants of kinetic are well fitted by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models.These results are very important to develop novel resins with great features.展开更多
Ion-exchange polymer and modified carbonization bacterial cellulose(CBC)electrodes were fabricated using varying amounts of cation-exchange polymers(glutaric acid(GA)and sulfosuccinic acid(SSA))and assembled within an...Ion-exchange polymer and modified carbonization bacterial cellulose(CBC)electrodes were fabricated using varying amounts of cation-exchange polymers(glutaric acid(GA)and sulfosuccinic acid(SSA))and assembled within an asymmetric capacitive deionization unit(p-CDI).The performance of selective NO2-electro-adsorption was studied.The AC/CBCSSA group showed a better salt adsorption capacity(14.56 mg/g)and nitrite removal efficiency(71.01%)than the AC/CBC-GA(10.72 mg/g,47.83%)and AC/AC(4.81 mg/g,12.74%)groups.It was confirmed that the CBC-SSA/GA electrodes enhanced nitrite selectivity and increased the adsorption capacity,and the total amounts of adsorbed anions increased when the applied voltage was increased from 0.8 to 1.2 V,while the molar fraction of nitrate decreased.The competitive and preferential adsorption of anions was further investigated using different binary solutions of anions and occurred in the following sequence:NO2->SO42->NO3->F-≈Cl-.Furthermore,the p-CDI units were applied to remove nitrite in real wastewater samples,and the results showed that they had excellent reusability and application for use in dyeing wastewater treatment.展开更多
A novel magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was prepared through suspension polymerization and then functionalized with ammonolysis and alkylating agents.Its application for selective removal of nitrate was performed ...A novel magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was prepared through suspension polymerization and then functionalized with ammonolysis and alkylating agents.Its application for selective removal of nitrate was performed in comparison with MIEX.The results demonstrated that NDM-1 achieved higher efficiency in nitrate removal than MIEX did,with or without the existence of competing anion SO_4^2- ascribed to its longer alkyl chains on exchange sites.Combined with the advantage of easy separation due toγ-Fe_2O_3 implanted,the magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was considered to be superior to MIEX for nitrate removal in practical application.展开更多
Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer</span> </div> <span style="font-family:""> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:&quo...Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer</span> </div> <span style="font-family:""> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-CHSi(OMe)</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 2, 3, R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = CF(CF</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)OC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(VM)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">]</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was applied to the facile preparation of the corresponding oligomer/sand (Ottawa </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sand: OS) composites [R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(VM-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3/2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/OS] through the sol-gel reaction </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of the oligomer in the presence of micro-sized OS particles (590 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 840 μm) under alkaline conditions at room temperature. FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Micrograph) images showed that the obtained composites consist of the R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(VM-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3/2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> oligomeric nanoparticles and the micro-sized </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">OS particles. Interestingly, the R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(VM-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3/2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/OS composites thus ob</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tained </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">can provide the superoleophilic/superhydrophobic characteristic on the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> composite surface, applying to the separation of not only the mixture of oil/water but also the W/O emulsion to isolate the transparent colorless oil. The fluorinated oligomeric OS composites were also found to be applicable to the selective removal of fluorinated aromatic compounds from </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aqueous methanol solution. Especially, it was demonstrated that the fluorinated OS composites can supply a higher efficient and smooth separation ability for the separation of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mixture of oil and water than that of the corresponding fluorinated micro-sized controlled silica gel (μ-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) composites (average particle size: 9.5 μm), which were prepared under similar conditions. In addition to the separation of oil/water, the fluorinated OS composites provided higher and </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">more </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">selective removal ability for the fluorinated aromatic compounds from aqueous solutions than that of the μ-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> composites.展开更多
A 2-dimensional multicomponent ion transport model based on Nernst-Planck(NP)equation and electroneutrality assumption is developed for an electrodialysis(ED)cell operated in the ohmic regime.The flow in channels are ...A 2-dimensional multicomponent ion transport model based on Nernst-Planck(NP)equation and electroneutrality assumption is developed for an electrodialysis(ED)cell operated in the ohmic regime.The flow in channels are assumed incompressible,isothermal,and laminar.Donnan equilibrium and flux continuity are considered at ionexchange membrane(IEM)-solution interfaces.To account for tortuosity effects inside membranes,effective ionic diffusion coefficients are calculated using membranes water volume fractions.The developed multicomponent model is used to elucidate the effects of feed solution properties,cell properties,system hydrodynamics,operational conditions,and membrane properties on selective divalent ion removal in the cell.The results indicate that the selective removal of divalent ions improves with decreasing the cell length,imposed potential,and ionic strength of feed water.Enhanced mixing in spacer-filled cell also promotes selective divalent ion removal.Higher concentrations of fixed charges on the membranes results in greater selectivity toward divalent ions at short cell length and low imposed potentials.With equal concentrations of fixed charges,membranes with high water content are less favorable for selective divalent ion removal.The developed framework enables the optimum selection of cell design,IEMs,spacer design,and operational conditions to selectively remove ions from multicomponent solutions.展开更多
Because the polishing of different materials is required in barrier chemical mechanical planariza- tion （CMP） processes, the development of a kind of barrier slurry with improved removal rate selectivity for Cu/barr...Because the polishing of different materials is required in barrier chemical mechanical planariza- tion （CMP） processes, the development of a kind of barrier slurry with improved removal rate selectivity for Cu/barrier/TEOS would reduce erosion and dishing defects on patterned Cu wafers. In this study, we developed a new benzotriazole-free barrier slurry named FA/O barrier slurry, containing 20 mL/L of the chelating agent FA/O, 5 mL/L surfactant, and a 1：5 concentration of abrasive particles. By controlling the polishing slurry ingredients, the removal rate of different materials could be controlled. For process integration considerations, the effect of the FA/O barrier slurry on the dielectric layer of the patterned Cu wafer was investigated. After CMP processing by the FA/O barrier slurry, the characteristics of the dielectric material were tested. The results showed that the dielectric characteristics met demands for industrial production. The current leakage was of pA scale. The resistance and capacitance were 2.4 k and 2.3 pF, respectively. The dishing and erosion defects were both below 30 nm in size. CMP-processed wafers using this barrier slurry could meet industrial production demands.展开更多
The influence of three kinds of guanidinium salt on the removal rate selectivity of different materials was studied during the barrier chemical mechanical polishing （CMP） process at first. The three kinds of guanidi...The influence of three kinds of guanidinium salt on the removal rate selectivity of different materials was studied during the barrier chemical mechanical polishing （CMP） process at first. The three kinds of guanidine saltguanidine hydrochloride, guanidine nitrate and guanidine carbonate. Then we compared the effect of the three kinds of guanidine salt on the dishing, erosion and surface roughness value. In the end, the reaction mechanism was studied through electrochemical analysis. All the results indicate that there is a better performance of the slurry with guanidine hydrochloride than the slurries with the other two kinds of guanidine salt. It effectively improved the removal rate selectivity and the surface roughness under the premise of low abrasive concentration and low polishing pressure, which is good for the optimization of the alkaline slurry for the barrier CMP process.展开更多
文摘A facile one-step co-precipitation method was demonstrated to fabricate amorphous sulfurcontaining calcium phosphate （SCP） nanoparticles, in which the sulfur group was in-situ introduced into calcium phosphate. The resulting SCP exhibited a noticeable enhanced performance for Pb（II） removal in comparison with hydroxyapatite （HAP）, being capable of easily reducing 20 ppm of Pb（II） to below the acceptable standard for drinking water within less than 10 min. Remarkably, the saturated removal capacities of Pb（II） on SCP were as high as 1720.57 mg/g calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model, exceeding largely that of the previously reported absorbents. Significantly, SCP displayed highly selective removal ability toward Pb（II） ions in the presence of the competing metal ions （Ni（II）, Co（II）, Zn（II）, and Cd（II））. Further investigations indicated that such ultra-high removal efficiency and preferable affinity of Pb（II） ions on SCP may be reasonably ascribed to the formation of rodlike hydroxypyromorphite crystals on the surface of SCP via dissolution-precipitation and ion exchange reactions, accompanied by the presence of lead sulfide precipitates. High removal efficiency, fast removal kinetics and excellent selectivity toward Pb（II） made the obtained SCP material an ideal candidate for Pb（II） ions decontamination in practical application.
基金Project(2012CB722803)supported by the Key Project of National Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(U1202271)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(IRT1250)supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China
文摘The industrial silica fume pretreated by nitric acid at 80 °C was re-used in this work. Then, the obtained silica nanoparticles were surface functionalized by silane coupling agents, such as(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane(MPTES) and(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES). Some further modifications were studied by chloroaceetyl choride and 1,8-Diaminoaphalene for amino modified silica. The surface functionalized silica nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FI-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The prepared adsorbent of surface functionalized silica nanoparticles with differential function groups were investigated in the selective adsorption about Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ions in aqueous solutions. The results show that the(3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-MPTES) play an important role in the selective adsorption of Cu2+ and Hg2+, the(3-Amincpropyl) trithoxysilane(APTES) functionalized silica nanoparticles(SiO2-APTES) exhibited maximum removal efficiency towards Pb2+ and Hg2+, the 1,8-Diaminoaphalene functionalized silica nanoparticles was excellent for removal of Hg2+ at room temperature, respectively.
基金supported by the BEN TEN CO., and National Science Council contracts 98-2221-E-152-001 and 99-2221-E-152-001
文摘Color filters are produced using semiconductor production techniques although problems with low yield remain to be addressed. This study presents a new means of selective removal using excimer irradiation, chemical etching, or electrochemical machining on the fifth generation TFT LCDs. The selective removal of microstructure layers from the color filter surface of an optoelectronic flat panel display, as well as complete removal of the ITO thin-films, RGB layer, or resin black matrix (BM) layer from the substrate is possible. Individual defective film layers can be removed, or all films down to the Cr layer or bare glass can be completely eliminated. Experimental results demonstrate that defective ITO thin-films, RGB layers, or the resin BM layer can now be recycled with a great precision. When the ITO or RGB layer proves difficult to remove, excimer light can be used to help with removal. During this recycling process, the use of 225 nm excimer irradiation before chemical etching, or electrochemical machining, makes removal of stubborn film residues easy, effectively improving the quality of recycled color filters and reducing fabrication cost.
基金acknowledge generous suppoa provided by Program for Changjiang Scholars Innovative Research Team in UniversityNSFC(Nos50938004,50825802 and 51178215)+1 种基金Jiangsu Natural Science Fund(Nos BK2010006 and BK201 1032)P.R. Chinathe Scientific Research Starting Fund for Postdoctors,Nanjing University(No0211003046)
文摘An anion exchange resin NDP-5 has been prepared successfully and applied on the selective removal of nitrate from SO_4^（2-）/ NO_3^- binary co-existence system.The composition and morphology of NDP-5 were confirmed by FT-IR and SEM.The NDP-5 resin exhibits the completely different behavior on the adsorption capacity,adsorption kinetic and the effect of the completing anion in the absence or presence of sulfate,compared to D213.And,the resultants of kinetic are well fitted by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models.These results are very important to develop novel resins with great features.
基金supported by the Special Applied Technology Research and Development of Guangdong Province(major project)(No.2015B020235013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21577027)the 2017 Central Special Fund for Soil,Preliminary Study on HarmlessTreatment and Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings in Dabao Mountain(No.18HK0108)
文摘Ion-exchange polymer and modified carbonization bacterial cellulose(CBC)electrodes were fabricated using varying amounts of cation-exchange polymers(glutaric acid(GA)and sulfosuccinic acid(SSA))and assembled within an asymmetric capacitive deionization unit(p-CDI).The performance of selective NO2-electro-adsorption was studied.The AC/CBCSSA group showed a better salt adsorption capacity(14.56 mg/g)and nitrite removal efficiency(71.01%)than the AC/CBC-GA(10.72 mg/g,47.83%)and AC/AC(4.81 mg/g,12.74%)groups.It was confirmed that the CBC-SSA/GA electrodes enhanced nitrite selectivity and increased the adsorption capacity,and the total amounts of adsorbed anions increased when the applied voltage was increased from 0.8 to 1.2 V,while the molar fraction of nitrate decreased.The competitive and preferential adsorption of anions was further investigated using different binary solutions of anions and occurred in the following sequence:NO2->SO42->NO3->F-≈Cl-.Furthermore,the p-CDI units were applied to remove nitrite in real wastewater samples,and the results showed that they had excellent reusability and application for use in dyeing wastewater treatment.
基金provided by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,NSFC(Nos.50825802 and 51178215)Jiangsu Natural Science Fund(Nos. BK2010006 and BK2011032),China
文摘A novel magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was prepared through suspension polymerization and then functionalized with ammonolysis and alkylating agents.Its application for selective removal of nitrate was performed in comparison with MIEX.The results demonstrated that NDM-1 achieved higher efficiency in nitrate removal than MIEX did,with or without the existence of competing anion SO_4^2- ascribed to its longer alkyl chains on exchange sites.Combined with the advantage of easy separation due toγ-Fe_2O_3 implanted,the magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was considered to be superior to MIEX for nitrate removal in practical application.
文摘Fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer</span> </div> <span style="font-family:""> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">[R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(CH</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-CHSi(OMe)</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 2, 3, R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = CF(CF</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)OC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(VM)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">]</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was applied to the facile preparation of the corresponding oligomer/sand (Ottawa </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sand: OS) composites [R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(VM-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3/2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/OS] through the sol-gel reaction </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of the oligomer in the presence of micro-sized OS particles (590 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 840 μm) under alkaline conditions at room temperature. FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Micrograph) images showed that the obtained composites consist of the R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(VM-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3/2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> oligomeric nanoparticles and the micro-sized </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">OS particles. Interestingly, the R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-(VM-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3/2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-R</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/OS composites thus ob</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tained </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">can provide the superoleophilic/superhydrophobic characteristic on the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> composite surface, applying to the separation of not only the mixture of oil/water but also the W/O emulsion to isolate the transparent colorless oil. The fluorinated oligomeric OS composites were also found to be applicable to the selective removal of fluorinated aromatic compounds from </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aqueous methanol solution. Especially, it was demonstrated that the fluorinated OS composites can supply a higher efficient and smooth separation ability for the separation of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mixture of oil and water than that of the corresponding fluorinated micro-sized controlled silica gel (μ-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) composites (average particle size: 9.5 μm), which were prepared under similar conditions. In addition to the separation of oil/water, the fluorinated OS composites provided higher and </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">more </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">selective removal ability for the fluorinated aromatic compounds from aqueous solutions than that of the μ-SiO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> composites.
基金the financial support of the Maddox Foundation and the Donovan Maddox Distinguished Engineering Chair Endowment.
文摘A 2-dimensional multicomponent ion transport model based on Nernst-Planck(NP)equation and electroneutrality assumption is developed for an electrodialysis(ED)cell operated in the ohmic regime.The flow in channels are assumed incompressible,isothermal,and laminar.Donnan equilibrium and flux continuity are considered at ionexchange membrane(IEM)-solution interfaces.To account for tortuosity effects inside membranes,effective ionic diffusion coefficients are calculated using membranes water volume fractions.The developed multicomponent model is used to elucidate the effects of feed solution properties,cell properties,system hydrodynamics,operational conditions,and membrane properties on selective divalent ion removal in the cell.The results indicate that the selective removal of divalent ions improves with decreasing the cell length,imposed potential,and ionic strength of feed water.Enhanced mixing in spacer-filled cell also promotes selective divalent ion removal.Higher concentrations of fixed charges on the membranes results in greater selectivity toward divalent ions at short cell length and low imposed potentials.With equal concentrations of fixed charges,membranes with high water content are less favorable for selective divalent ion removal.The developed framework enables the optimum selection of cell design,IEMs,spacer design,and operational conditions to selectively remove ions from multicomponent solutions.
基金supported by the Special Project Items No.2 in National Long-Term Technology Development Plan(No.2009ZX02308)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.F2012202094)the Doctoral Program Foundation of Xinjiang Normal University Plan(No.XJNUBS1226)
文摘Because the polishing of different materials is required in barrier chemical mechanical planariza- tion （CMP） processes, the development of a kind of barrier slurry with improved removal rate selectivity for Cu/barrier/TEOS would reduce erosion and dishing defects on patterned Cu wafers. In this study, we developed a new benzotriazole-free barrier slurry named FA/O barrier slurry, containing 20 mL/L of the chelating agent FA/O, 5 mL/L surfactant, and a 1：5 concentration of abrasive particles. By controlling the polishing slurry ingredients, the removal rate of different materials could be controlled. For process integration considerations, the effect of the FA/O barrier slurry on the dielectric layer of the patterned Cu wafer was investigated. After CMP processing by the FA/O barrier slurry, the characteristics of the dielectric material were tested. The results showed that the dielectric characteristics met demands for industrial production. The current leakage was of pA scale. The resistance and capacitance were 2.4 k and 2.3 pF, respectively. The dishing and erosion defects were both below 30 nm in size. CMP-processed wafers using this barrier slurry could meet industrial production demands.
基金supported by the Special Project Items NO.2 in National Long-Term Technology Development Plan,China(No.2009ZX02308)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation of China(E2013202247)
文摘The influence of three kinds of guanidinium salt on the removal rate selectivity of different materials was studied during the barrier chemical mechanical polishing （CMP） process at first. The three kinds of guanidine saltguanidine hydrochloride, guanidine nitrate and guanidine carbonate. Then we compared the effect of the three kinds of guanidine salt on the dishing, erosion and surface roughness value. In the end, the reaction mechanism was studied through electrochemical analysis. All the results indicate that there is a better performance of the slurry with guanidine hydrochloride than the slurries with the other two kinds of guanidine salt. It effectively improved the removal rate selectivity and the surface roughness under the premise of low abrasive concentration and low polishing pressure, which is good for the optimization of the alkaline slurry for the barrier CMP process.
