The direct and sensitized photodegradations of imidacloprid, 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, were investigated in aqueous solution and with and without various photo-sensitizers. Results of...The direct and sensitized photodegradations of imidacloprid, 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, were investigated in aqueous solution and with and without various photo-sensitizers. Results of the study revealed that the intensity of lamp-house and irradiation wavelength had significant effects on the photolysis of imidacloprid. Complete degradation of 20 mg/L imidacloprid in aqueous phase was observed in 40 min under ultraviolet(UV) irradiation system, suggesting the ultraviolet ray played significant role in direct photolysis of imidacloprid. The additions of various photo-sensitizers lead to improve the degradation efficiency of imidacloprid under the irradiation of black light fluorescent lamp. TiO 2 was the most efficient in the photo-catalytic degradation of imidacloprid among other photo-sensitizers in used this study. However, addition of acetone inhibited the photolysis of imidacloprid under the irradiation of UV, indicating the occurrence of competition between acetone and imidacloprid for photos. Mineralization of the imidacloprid was examined to clarify the final photochemical degradation products of the insecticide which were CO 2, Cl- and NO- 3. Complete photo-oxidation of nitrogen to NO- 3 occurred very slowly via the intermediate formation of NH+ 4 and NO- 2.展开更多
o-Chloro-hexaarylbiimidazole （o-Cl-HABI） can be sensitized efficiently by the dyes 1-ethyl-3’-methyl thiacyaninebromide （C 1）, 3,3’-diethyl thiacarbocyanine iodide （C 2）, and cyclopentanone 2,5-bis[2-（1,3-dih...o-Chloro-hexaarylbiimidazole （o-Cl-HABI） can be sensitized efficiently by the dyes 1-ethyl-3’-methyl thiacyaninebromide （C 1）, 3,3’-diethyl thiacarbocyanine iodide （C 2）, and cyclopentanone 2,5-bis[2-（1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene）ethylidene] （C 3） through electron transfer proceses. When exposed to a xenon lamp （filtered by Pyrex glass）,the photosensitive systems composed of o-Cl-HABI and the above dyes can produce free radicals which initiate thepolymerization of MMA. The photopolymerization kinetics equation was obtained for the o-Cl-HABI/C2 system, R<sub>p</sub>=K [C2]<sup>0.75</sup>[o-Cl-HABI]<sup>0.44</sup>[MTA]<sup>0.12</sup>[MMA]<sup>10</sup>. A comparison of the influence of different dyes on the conversion of MMA photopolymerization was conducted.展开更多
Nanoparticles conjugated with antibody were designed as active drug delivery system to reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs for acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Moreover,methotrexate(MTX)was chosen as modeldrug an...Nanoparticles conjugated with antibody were designed as active drug delivery system to reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs for acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Moreover,methotrexate(MTX)was chosen as modeldrug and encapsulate within folic acid modified carboxymethylchitosan(FACMCS)nanoparticles through self-assembling.The chemicalstructure,morphology,release and targeting of nanoparticles were characterized by routine detection.It is demonstrated that the mean diameter is about 150 nm,the release rate increases with the decreasing of p H,the binding rate of CD33 antibody and FA-CMCS nanoparticles is about 5:2,and nanoparticles can effectively bind onto HL60 cells in vitro.The experimentalresults indicate that the FA-CMCS nanoparticles conjugated with antibody may be used as a potentialp Hsensitive drug delivery system with leukemic targeting properties.展开更多
The pH /temperature dually responsive microgels of interpenetrating polymer network( IPN) structure composed of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)( PNIPAM) network and poly( acrylic acid)( PAA) network( PNIPAM /PAA IPN micr...The pH /temperature dually responsive microgels of interpenetrating polymer network( IPN) structure composed of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)( PNIPAM) network and poly( acrylic acid)( PAA) network( PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgels) were synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization. The results obtained by dynamic laser light scattering( DLLS) show that the microgels have good pH /temperature dual sensitivities. The temperature sensitive component and the pH sensitive component inside the microgels have little interference with each other. The rheological properties of the concentrated PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgel dispersions as a function of temperature at pH 4. 0 or 7. 0 were investigated by viscometer,and the results displayed that only at pH 7. 0 the dispersions presented thermoreversible thickening behavior. Then the PNIPAM /PAA fibers were prepared by self-assembly of the PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgels in the ice-crystal templates formed by unidirectional liquid nitrogen freezing method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy( FESEM) images indicate that the PNIPAM /PAA fibers are rounded,randomly orientated and interweaved.展开更多
The expanded ammonium nitrate (EAN) samples with different states were prepared by using a vacuum crystallizing technology. The structure characters,such as porosity,pore structure,specific surface area,particle surfa...The expanded ammonium nitrate (EAN) samples with different states were prepared by using a vacuum crystallizing technology. The structure characters,such as porosity,pore structure,specific surface area,particle surface shape and surface defects,and detonator initiation sensitivity and explosion power,of common ammonium nitrate (AN) and EAN were tested using density measuring,N2 adsorbing,scanning electron microscope (SEM) and plate trace test methods. The tested results show that the particle surface of common AN is smoother,denser,lower porosity and specific surface area than those tested of EAN. The particle surface of EAN is irregular,which has edges,protuberance and severely distorted crystal form,and its specific surface area and porosity are larger than those of un-expanded AN. EAN has typical self-sensitization structure characters. The detonator initiation sensitivity and explosion power of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil(ANFO) made of different states of EAN are related to the self-sensitization structures of EAN,and expanded ANFO sample has higher detonator initiation sensitivity and explosion power compared with un-expanded ANFO sample. The characterization techniques can be used to reveal the self-sensitization structure of EAN.展开更多
Dendritic poly(amidoamine)-b-poly(L-glutamate)(PAMAM-b-PLG) biohybrids were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization ofγ-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride monomer,followed by the deprotection of benzyl grou...Dendritic poly(amidoamine)-b-poly(L-glutamate)(PAMAM-b-PLG) biohybrids were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization ofγ-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride monomer,followed by the deprotection of benzyl groups on poly(benzyl-L-glutamate),and were characterized by ~1H-NMR,FT-IR and gel permeation chromatography.The self-assembly behavior of the PAMAM-b-PLG biohybrid was investigated by means of UV-Vis,dynamic light scattering (DLS),transmission electronic microscopy(TEM) and ~1H-NMR.UV-Vis analys...展开更多
文摘The direct and sensitized photodegradations of imidacloprid, 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, were investigated in aqueous solution and with and without various photo-sensitizers. Results of the study revealed that the intensity of lamp-house and irradiation wavelength had significant effects on the photolysis of imidacloprid. Complete degradation of 20 mg/L imidacloprid in aqueous phase was observed in 40 min under ultraviolet(UV) irradiation system, suggesting the ultraviolet ray played significant role in direct photolysis of imidacloprid. The additions of various photo-sensitizers lead to improve the degradation efficiency of imidacloprid under the irradiation of black light fluorescent lamp. TiO 2 was the most efficient in the photo-catalytic degradation of imidacloprid among other photo-sensitizers in used this study. However, addition of acetone inhibited the photolysis of imidacloprid under the irradiation of UV, indicating the occurrence of competition between acetone and imidacloprid for photos. Mineralization of the imidacloprid was examined to clarify the final photochemical degradation products of the insecticide which were CO 2, Cl- and NO- 3. Complete photo-oxidation of nitrogen to NO- 3 occurred very slowly via the intermediate formation of NH+ 4 and NO- 2.
基金This project financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project number 59973023)
文摘o-Chloro-hexaarylbiimidazole （o-Cl-HABI） can be sensitized efficiently by the dyes 1-ethyl-3’-methyl thiacyaninebromide （C 1）, 3,3’-diethyl thiacarbocyanine iodide （C 2）, and cyclopentanone 2,5-bis[2-（1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene）ethylidene] （C 3） through electron transfer proceses. When exposed to a xenon lamp （filtered by Pyrex glass）,the photosensitive systems composed of o-Cl-HABI and the above dyes can produce free radicals which initiate thepolymerization of MMA. The photopolymerization kinetics equation was obtained for the o-Cl-HABI/C2 system, R<sub>p</sub>=K [C2]<sup>0.75</sup>[o-Cl-HABI]<sup>0.44</sup>[MTA]<sup>0.12</sup>[MMA]<sup>10</sup>. A comparison of the influence of different dyes on the conversion of MMA photopolymerization was conducted.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50973088)
文摘Nanoparticles conjugated with antibody were designed as active drug delivery system to reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs for acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Moreover,methotrexate(MTX)was chosen as modeldrug and encapsulate within folic acid modified carboxymethylchitosan(FACMCS)nanoparticles through self-assembling.The chemicalstructure,morphology,release and targeting of nanoparticles were characterized by routine detection.It is demonstrated that the mean diameter is about 150 nm,the release rate increases with the decreasing of p H,the binding rate of CD33 antibody and FA-CMCS nanoparticles is about 5:2,and nanoparticles can effectively bind onto HL60 cells in vitro.The experimentalresults indicate that the FA-CMCS nanoparticles conjugated with antibody may be used as a potentialp Hsensitive drug delivery system with leukemic targeting properties.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.51073033,51373030)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232014D3-43)
文摘The pH /temperature dually responsive microgels of interpenetrating polymer network( IPN) structure composed of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)( PNIPAM) network and poly( acrylic acid)( PAA) network( PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgels) were synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization. The results obtained by dynamic laser light scattering( DLLS) show that the microgels have good pH /temperature dual sensitivities. The temperature sensitive component and the pH sensitive component inside the microgels have little interference with each other. The rheological properties of the concentrated PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgel dispersions as a function of temperature at pH 4. 0 or 7. 0 were investigated by viscometer,and the results displayed that only at pH 7. 0 the dispersions presented thermoreversible thickening behavior. Then the PNIPAM /PAA fibers were prepared by self-assembly of the PNIPAM /PAA IPN microgels in the ice-crystal templates formed by unidirectional liquid nitrogen freezing method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy( FESEM) images indicate that the PNIPAM /PAA fibers are rounded,randomly orientated and interweaved.
文摘The expanded ammonium nitrate (EAN) samples with different states were prepared by using a vacuum crystallizing technology. The structure characters,such as porosity,pore structure,specific surface area,particle surface shape and surface defects,and detonator initiation sensitivity and explosion power,of common ammonium nitrate (AN) and EAN were tested using density measuring,N2 adsorbing,scanning electron microscope (SEM) and plate trace test methods. The tested results show that the particle surface of common AN is smoother,denser,lower porosity and specific surface area than those tested of EAN. The particle surface of EAN is irregular,which has edges,protuberance and severely distorted crystal form,and its specific surface area and porosity are larger than those of un-expanded AN. EAN has typical self-sensitization structure characters. The detonator initiation sensitivity and explosion power of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil(ANFO) made of different states of EAN are related to the self-sensitization structures of EAN,and expanded ANFO sample has higher detonator initiation sensitivity and explosion power compared with un-expanded ANFO sample. The characterization techniques can be used to reveal the self-sensitization structure of EAN.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20674050)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.B202)
文摘Dendritic poly(amidoamine)-b-poly(L-glutamate)(PAMAM-b-PLG) biohybrids were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization ofγ-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride monomer,followed by the deprotection of benzyl groups on poly(benzyl-L-glutamate),and were characterized by ~1H-NMR,FT-IR and gel permeation chromatography.The self-assembly behavior of the PAMAM-b-PLG biohybrid was investigated by means of UV-Vis,dynamic light scattering (DLS),transmission electronic microscopy(TEM) and ~1H-NMR.UV-Vis analys...
