A Oilfield is the most representative mid to deep oil field in the Bohai Sea, with the main oil bearing intervals being the upper and middle Shahejie-3 sections of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation. By combining well s...A Oilfield is the most representative mid to deep oil field in the Bohai Sea, with the main oil bearing intervals being the upper and middle Shahejie-3 sections of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation. By combining well seismic analysis, the middle section of Shahejie-3 is divided into high-level system tract and forced lake retreat system tract, corresponding to the II oil formation and I oil formation, respectively. Using sequence stratigraphy methods, based on seismic profiles and drilling lithological cycles, the high stand system tract is divided into 5 stages of delta progradation. The first and second stages are high angle S-type progradation with large sedimentary thickness, the third stage is oblique progradation, and the fourth and fifth stages are S-oblique composite progradation;By combining seismic data, we characterized the large-scale (8 small-scale) progradation bodies of 5 periods, clarified the distribution characteristics of reservoir planes, and laid the foundation for the later exploration of oilfield potential.展开更多
The Late Devonian-early Carboniferous deposits of the Anarak section in northeastern Isfahan,Central Iran,evaluated based on conodont biostratigraphy,sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy.According to the ...The Late Devonian-early Carboniferous deposits of the Anarak section in northeastern Isfahan,Central Iran,evaluated based on conodont biostratigraphy,sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy.According to the field observations,five lithological units were identified.Investigating the conodont fauna of the Late Devonian-Carboniferous(Mississippian-Pennsylvanian)deposits of Bahram,Shishtu,and Qaleh(Sardar 1)formations in Anarak section led to the identification of 67 species of 18 conodont genera,and accordingly 22 conodont biozones were differentiated.The correlation of sea-level change curves,regarding to the conodont biofacies with the global sea-level curve,demonstrates the relative correlation in the mentioned times due to the shallow condition of the central Iran basin compared to the European and American basins.The microfacies analysis led to the identification of 12 microfacies related to the open sea,bioclastic barrier,lagoon and tidal flat sub-sedimentary environments in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment.Based on sequence stratigraphy studies,three 3rd order sequences were identified.The first sequence,which is of the Late Devonian(upper part of the Bahram Formation,32.5 m),the second sequence(12.5 m)is the Late Devonian(uppermost part of the Bahram Formation),and the third sequence(68 m)is the early Carboniferous(the Shishtu I Formation).展开更多
Based on a synthetic geological study of drilling,well logging and seismic data,core observations and geochemical analysis,it is recognized that Triassic sedimentary facies in the Tahe area of Tarim Basin include brai...Based on a synthetic geological study of drilling,well logging and seismic data,core observations and geochemical analysis,it is recognized that Triassic sedimentary facies in the Tahe area of Tarim Basin include braided river deposits filling erosional valleys,and sublacustrine fan,canyon and delta facies.Braided river deposits filling erosional valleys are dominated by coarse-grained lithic quartz sandstone with oblique bedding,and represent the most important sedimentation type of sandstone in the study area.Sublacustrine fan and canyon facies are mainly distributed in the Middle Oil Member.Most delta sediments are deposited in highstand system tract(HST),Because of frequent changes in base level,delta sediments are commonly eroded and rarely preserved.Sedimentary cycles are clearly reflected by lithology,sedimentary structures and well logging data,and are closely related to the changes in lacustrine level.In accordance with the basic principle of sequence subdivision,seven type-I boundaries can be recognized in Triassic strata and six type-I sequences are subdivided correspondingly.In general,lowstand system tract(LST) is well developed within stratigraphic sequences and forms the main body of reservoir sandstone in this area;highstand system tract(HST) and transgressive system tract(TST) are often eroded by upper sequences or missed,Although various factors have different influences on terrestrial sequence stratigraphy,the classical sequence stratigraphy theory proposed by VAIL can be applied to terrestrial strata.展开更多
There are 9 major coal-accumulating periods during geological history in China,including the Early Carboniferous,Late Carboniferous-Early Permian,Middle Permian,Late Permian,Late Triassic,Early-Middle Jurassic,Early C...There are 9 major coal-accumulating periods during geological history in China,including the Early Carboniferous,Late Carboniferous-Early Permian,Middle Permian,Late Permian,Late Triassic,Early-Middle Jurassic,Early Cretaceous,Paleogene and Neogene.The coal formed in these periods were developed in different coal-accumulating areas(CAA)including the North China,South China,Northwest China,Northeast China,the Qinghai–Tibet area,and China offshore area.In this paper,we investigated depositional environments,sequence stratigraphy,lithofacies paleogeography and coal accumulation pattern of five major coal-accumulating periods including the Late Carboniferous to Middle Permian of the North China CAA,the Late Permian of the South China CAA,the Late Triassic of the South China CAA,the Early-Middle Jurassic of the North and Northwest China CAA,and the Early Cretaceous in the Northeast China CAA.According to distribution of the coal-bearing strata and the regional tectonic outlines,we have identified distribution range of the coal-forming basins,sedimentary facies types and coal-accumulating models.The sequence stratigraphic frameworks of the major coal-accumulating periods were established based on recognition of a variety of sequence boundaries.The distribution of thick coals and migration patterns of the coal-accumulating centers in the sequence stratigraphic framework were analyzed.The lithofacies paleogeography maps based on third-order sequences were reconstructed and the distribution of coal accumulation centers and coal-rich belts were predicted.展开更多
Three third-order sequences and about one hundred high-frequency cycles or Milankovitchcycles within the Late Permian Changxingian to Early Triassic Griesbachian are identified in theMeishan Section of Changxing, Zhej...Three third-order sequences and about one hundred high-frequency cycles or Milankovitchcycles within the Late Permian Changxingian to Early Triassic Griesbachian are identified in theMeishan Section of Changxing, Zhejiang Province, southern China, the candidate stratotype sec-tion of the global Permo-Triassic boundary, based on a detailed study of the biological,ecological and high-resolution allochthonous cyclic events, microfacies and depositional systems.Furthermore, the stacking pattern of the depositional systems across various Changxingian andGriesbachian sedimentary facies of the Lower Yangtze and the sequence stratigraphic frameworkare outlined with the Meishan section as the principal section. In this paper the habitat types offossil biota are applied to semiquantitative palaeobathymetry and the study of relative sea levelchanges.展开更多
The Lower Cretaceous strata in the Kuqa Basin in Xinjiang are marked by a set of arid red beds. Several types of sedimentary fades can be identified in this set of arid red beds: mudstones of the plaza and intracontin...The Lower Cretaceous strata in the Kuqa Basin in Xinjiang are marked by a set of arid red beds. Several types of sedimentary fades can be identified in this set of arid red beds: mudstones of the plaza and intracontinental sebkha, aeolian sandstones, sandy conglomerates of the intermittent river, conglomerates of the pluvial fan, etc. These types of sedimentary facies constitute a typical desert system. Therefore, the Cretaceous strata in the Kuqa Basin provide a favorable condition for studies of sequence stratigraphic divisions of the desert system. With the rise and fall of the base level of the sedimentary basin, cyclicity is clearly revealed in stratigraphic records, which helps the identification of the third-order sequences. Based on the cyclicity in stratigraphic records, 5 third-order sequences can be found in the strata of the Early Cretaceous in the Kuqa Basin. These sequences comprise a second-order tectonic sequence. The primary feature of these third-order sequences is of an upward-fining sedimentary succession formed by a succession of 'coarse sediments of the alluvial system-fine sediments of the lake system'. The result of this study shows that aeolian sandstones are the best reservoirs of natural gas in the Cretaceous strata in the Kuqa Basin, and that the Kela-2 gas field is the first large gas field dominated by aeolian sandstone reservoirs in China.展开更多
In South China four depositional sequences are recognized in the upper part of Upper Devonian and Tournaisian. They are named SQ0 SQ1, SQ2 and SQ3 in ascending order. SQ0 is Strunian (uppermost Devonian), and the othe...In South China four depositional sequences are recognized in the upper part of Upper Devonian and Tournaisian. They are named SQ0 SQ1, SQ2 and SQ3 in ascending order. SQ0 is Strunian (uppermost Devonian), and the other three Tournaisian in age. These four depositional sequences appear to correlate fairly well with the four sequence recognized in Europe, North America and other areas. This may suggest that these sequences are synchronous depos- its resulted from the eustatic changes. The present study on sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy indicates that in neritic facies areas of South China, the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, matching the boundary between Siphonodella praesulcata zone and S. sulcata zone in pelagic facies areas, is not only higher than the top of the Cystophrentis zone, but also higher than the top of the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary event bed. In neritic facies areas, the Devonian-Carbonifrerous boundary is marked by the most distinct transgressive surface within the Cystophrentiseudouralina interval zone, i. e. at the base of the TST of the SQ1. This boundary coincides with the top surface of the event bed resulted from the eustatic fall, and approximately corresponds to the basal part of Rseudouralina assemblage zone.展开更多
The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence strat...The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid.Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences （designated as SS1 and SS2） and five third-order sequences （designated as S1-S5）. Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and Iowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined （S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2--C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F）; a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing： （1） a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; （2） a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and （3） a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences （S1 and S3） of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences （S2 and S4-S5） of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.展开更多
Sequence stratigraphical analysis was applied to the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian sedimentary succession of the northeastern Ordos Basin, north China based on data acquired from ten entire logging curves and eigh...Sequence stratigraphical analysis was applied to the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian sedimentary succession of the northeastern Ordos Basin, north China based on data acquired from ten entire logging curves and eight outcrops. The facies framework of the lithostratigraphical unit, the Taiyuan Formation comprises seven facies in two facies associations, varying from fluvio-delta to shelf-barrier islands. The facies are presented within a chronostratigraphical framework, linked by systems tract, which in turn are limited by flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries. Six third-order depositional sequences are recognised, bounded by six type 2 unconformities. An upwards-shallowing epicontinental sea sedimentary model is created, which consists of a sandstone, coal seam and carbonate succession.展开更多
Depositional sequences may be distinguished into six ranks of units as giga-, mega-, meso-, ortho-, sub- and micro-sequence, and are interpreted to be formed during the eustatic cycles with time-intervals of 500-6000 ...Depositional sequences may be distinguished into six ranks of units as giga-, mega-, meso-, ortho-, sub- and micro-sequence, and are interpreted to be formed during the eustatic cycles with time-intervals of 500-6000 Ma, 60-120 Ma, 30-40 Ma, 2-5 Ma, 0.1-0.4 Ma and 0.02-0.04 Ma respectively. All of them are thought to be essentially related to cosmological cycles, except the megasequence which may be caused by the long-term geothermal cycles on cratons. We deem that the depositional sequences, though often influenced variably by local tectonics and other factors, are primarily global and periodic in nature. We also hold that as one of the planets within the Galaxy, the earth must have been affected in various ways by other asteroids, and that the depositional sequences are merely the responses of the hydrosphere to the cosmological cycles in sedimentation.展开更多
The Upper Proterozoic glacigenous rocks in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze platform were accumulated in a glacially influenced marine environment with extension set- ting. Two type I depositional sequences have...The Upper Proterozoic glacigenous rocks in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze platform were accumulated in a glacially influenced marine environment with extension set- ting. Two type I depositional sequences have been identified in the glacioclastic sediments the their boundaries enhanced by both tectonism and the incision of glaciation. The lower sequence (SQ1), comprising Changan and Fulu formations (Guangxi Province), Jiangkou and Xiangmen formations(Hunan Province) and their equivalents, is bounded by erosional unconformities both at the base and on the top. The upper sequence (SQ2), composed mainly of Nantuo Formation and its equivalents, is confined by an erosional unconformity at the base and covered by an exposure surface of karstification on the top. The depositional systems tracts are difficult to be distinguished directly and mainly characterized by the variation in glacioclastic supplies. Two types of episodic parasequeuces can be identified in the glacigenous rocks and are related to the evolution of depositional systems tracts. Both the sequences and parasequences are caused by autocyclic mechanism. The present research shows that the Upper Proterozoic glacigenous deposits are of significance for the analysis of the tectonic evolution of the Late Precambrian basin in South China.展开更多
Gas-bearing deposits in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin consist of shoreface sandstones of the highstand systems tract（HST） and transgressive systems tract（TST）...Gas-bearing deposits in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin consist of shoreface sandstones of the highstand systems tract（HST） and transgressive systems tract（TST）, and deltaic sandstones of the lowstand systems tract（LST） and falling stage systems tract（FSST）.Detailed petrographic observations suggest that the diagenetic features and related evolution of these deposits cannot be simply characterized and demonstrated in the depth domain.However, the occurrence of diagenetic minerals systematically depends on the studied interval within the HST, TST, LST, and FSST; therefore, diagenesis in this region can be better constrained when studied in the context of the depositional environments and sequence stratigraphic framework.The eogenetic processes in such settings include：（1） microcrystalline siderite precipitated as concretions in almost all environments and systems tracts, which inhibited further mechanical compaction;（2） grain dissolution and kaolinitization occurred in shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST and FSST sandstones;（3） glaucony was locally observed, which did not clearly reflect the controls of facies or sequence stratigraphy; and（4） cementation by pyrite aggregates occurred in the shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST sandstones.The mesogenetic diagenesis includes：（1） partial conversion of kaolinite into dickite in deltaic LST sandstones, and minor chlorite cementation in deltaic FSST sandstones;（2） transformation of kaolinite into illite and quartz cementation in deltaic LST and FSST sandstones;（3） frequent precipitation of ankerite and ferroan calcite in shoreface TST sandstones and early HST sandstones, forming baffles and barriers for fluid flow, with common calcite in shoreface HST sandstones as a late diagenetic cement; and（4） formation of dawsonite in the deltaic LST and FSST sandstones, which is interpreted to be a product of the invasion of a CO2-rich fluid, and acts as a good indicator of CO2-bearing reservoirs.This study has thus constructed a reliable conceptual model to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations.The results may provide an entirely new conceptual framework and methodology for successful gas exploration in the continental margins of offshore China, thus allowing us to predict and unravel the distribution and quality evolution of clastic reservoirs at a more detailed and reliable scale.展开更多
The Shan 2 Member, Shan 1 Member and He 8 Member of the Mid-Late Permian Shanxi and lower Xiashihezi formations, in the southeastern Ordos Basin, together comprise -150 m of deltaic deposits. This sequence records an ...The Shan 2 Member, Shan 1 Member and He 8 Member of the Mid-Late Permian Shanxi and lower Xiashihezi formations, in the southeastern Ordos Basin, together comprise -150 m of deltaic deposits. This sequence records an overall evolution from deep marine environment to shallow lake associated with braided river, braided river delta and meandering river delta. Core description, well log interpretation, and stable isotope analysis, including carbon, oxygen and strontium, were conducted to understand the sedimentary evolution of Shan 2 to He 8 Member. The Shanxi Formation, which consists of the Shan 2 and Shan 1 members, is characterized by a tidal-influenced meandering river delta environment and a higher j13C value and S7Sr/S6Sr ratio and a lower jlSo value. The He 8 Member, the basal part of the Xiashihezi Formation, is featured by a braided river to braided river delta system and a lower j13C value, S7Sr/S6Sr ratio, and a higher jlSo value. Four third-order depositional sequences separated by five sequence boundaries are determined. Coarsening upward sequences of the Shan 2 Member-He 8 Member indicate a general regression trend, which can be correlated to global sea-level fall occurring during the Roadian-Wuchiapingian, as also evidenced by previous published zircon U-Pb results. The coal-bearing sequence （Shanxi Formation） to non-coal-bearing sequence （He 8 Member）, as well as a decrease of 87Sr/86Sr, suggest a trend from humid to arid climates. A combined effect of sea-level drop and a small uplift at the end of Shanxi Formation are proposed.展开更多
A rich assemblage of planktonic foraminifera has been studied from an outcrop of the Gurpi Formation, the hydrocarbon source rock in the southwest Iran, Deh Dasht area（Kuh-e Siah anticline）. Based on the distributio...A rich assemblage of planktonic foraminifera has been studied from an outcrop of the Gurpi Formation, the hydrocarbon source rock in the southwest Iran, Deh Dasht area（Kuh-e Siah anticline）. Based on the distribution of the planktonic foraminifera, eight biozones have been recognized that included：Dicarinella concavata Interval Zone（Earliest Santonian）, Dicarinella asymetrica Total Range Zone（Santonian to Earliest Campanian）, Globotruncanita elevata Partial Range Zone（Early Campanian）, Globotruncana ventricosa Interval Zone（Middle to Late Campanian）, Radotruncana calcarata Total Range Zone（Late Campanian）, Globotruncanella havanensis Partial Range Zone（Late Campanian）, Globotruncana aegyptiaca Interval Zone（Late to latest Campanian）, Gansserina gansseri Interval Zone（Latest Campanian to Early Maastrichtian）. These biozones indicates that the Gurpi Formation deposited during the Early Santonian- Early Maastrichtian. These biozones are compared to the most standard biozones defined in Tethysian domain. Based on distribution of morphotype groups of planktonic foraminifera, planktonic to benthic ratio（P/B） and content of carbonate, nine third-order sequences are recognized.展开更多
The Carboniferous prototype sedimentary basin in the Tazhong (Central Tarimbasin) area is recognized as a compressive intracratonic depressional one. Three type Ⅰ sequenceboundaries and three type Ⅱ sequence boundar...The Carboniferous prototype sedimentary basin in the Tazhong (Central Tarimbasin) area is recognized as a compressive intracratonic depressional one. Three type Ⅰ sequenceboundaries and three type Ⅱ sequence boundaries can be identified in the CarboniferousSystem, which can accordingly be divided into five sedimentary sequences. These sequencespossess stratigraphic characters of the standard sequence and correspond to the depositionalstratigraphic unit of a third-order eustatic cycle. They can be regionally or globally correlatedwith each other. The framework of sequence stratigraphy of the intracratonict basin in thestudy area distinctly differs from that of the passive continental-margin basin in the lack ofdepositional systems of early-middle lowstand, poor development of the deeply incised valleyand condensed section of the maximum sea-flood, good development of type Ⅱ sequenceboundaries and coastal plain depositional systems coexisting with shelf-type fan deltas underwet climatic conditions, Which consequently led to the formation of a paralic lithofacies frame-work.展开更多
The strata of Jurassic was divided into three tectonic sequences and eight se- quences of third rank,according to the developing feature of the tectonic inconformity and the transforming feature of the depositional sy...The strata of Jurassic was divided into three tectonic sequences and eight se- quences of third rank,according to the developing feature of the tectonic inconformity and the transforming feature of the depositional system tracts.Also the identification and the division of the base-level cycle of different period were carried through.Therefore three cycles of super period,eight cycles of long period,twenty-four cycles of middle period and some cycles of short period were identified.From the overall character of the coal-accu- mulation in the Mesozoic,we can see that the Yan'an formation is of the best nature of coal bearing.When the coal bearing systems of Jurassic were depositing,the Ordos area is the coal accumulating basin of terrene of large scale and located in the same tectonic unit.But the local structure of different part and the paleolandform are different in the basin which resulted in the difference of the depositional environment.So the layer number and the distribution of the thickness of the coal beds are different in the different part of the ba- sin.The coal-accumulating action migrated regularly along with the development,evolve- ment and migration of the depositional systems.The layer numbers of the coal beds, which can be mined,are more in the north and west fringe of the basin,whose distributing area is extensive,and they are more steady in the landscape orientation,also the total thickness is great.Therefore the nature of coal bearing and the coal-accumulating action of different part changed obviously in the space in Ordos area.展开更多
The Lower Cretaceous sections in northern Sinai are composed of the Risan Aneiza （upper Barremian-middle Albian） and the Halal （middle Albian-lower Cenomanian） formations. The facies reflect subtle paleobathymetry...The Lower Cretaceous sections in northern Sinai are composed of the Risan Aneiza （upper Barremian-middle Albian） and the Halal （middle Albian-lower Cenomanian） formations. The facies reflect subtle paleobathymetry from inner to outer ramp facies. The inner ramp facies are peritidal, protected to open marine lagoons, shoals and rudist biostrome facies. The inner ramp facies grade northward into outer ramp deposits. The upper Barremian-lower Cenomanian succession is subdivided into nine depositional sequences correlated with those recognized in the neighbouring Tethyan areas. These sequences are subdivided into 19 medium-scale sequences based on the facies evolution, the recorded hardgrounds and flooding surfaces, interpreted as the result of eustatic sea level changes and local tectonic activities of the early Syrian Arc rifting stage. Each sequence contains a lower retrogradational parasequence set that constituted the transgressive systems tracts and an upper progradational parasequence set that formed the highstand systems tracts. Nine rudist levels are recorded in the upper Barremian through lower Cenomanian succession at Gabal Raghawi. At Gabal Yelleg two rudist levels are found in the Albian. The rudist levels are associated with the highstand systems tract deposits because of the suitability of the trophic conditions in the rudist-dominated ramp.展开更多
The Triassic in the Qomolongma area, southern Tibet, was deposited under an extensional tectonic setting from the Pangea supercontinent to continental rifting. From the Induan to Rhaetian, 12 depositional sequences (...The Triassic in the Qomolongma area, southern Tibet, was deposited under an extensional tectonic setting from the Pangea supercontinent to continental rifting. From the Induan to Rhaetian, 12 depositional sequences (3rd order) have been recognized, which can be grouped into 5 sequence sets and in turn make up a well defined mesosequence (2nd order). Among the recognized marine transgressions, those at 250 Ma, 239 Ma, 231 Ma and 223 Ma respectively are particularly of significance and can be correlated widely across continents. The study shows that in Triassic the Qomolongma area experienced a sedimentary evolution from epicontinental sea to rift basin with the turning point at ca 228 Ma. During the early and middle epochs, the area was under epeiric sea, with carbonate ramp to mixed shoal environments predominant. In the late Carnian, the strong extension initiated listric faulting, thus resulting in rapid basement subsidence and the onset of a rift basin. From the late Norian to Rhaetian, it manifested as a rapid basin filling process in the area. Coupled with long term sea level fall, the excessive terrigenous influx led to the shift of environment from deep water prodelta to shore and finally to fluvial plain.展开更多
The Bayingobi basin is the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin in North China in which the Tamusu uranium deposit is located.The ore-target layer of the deposit is the Lower Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation,which developed as a fan...The Bayingobi basin is the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin in North China in which the Tamusu uranium deposit is located.The ore-target layer of the deposit is the Lower Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation,which developed as a fan deltashallow lacustrine deposit.The distributary channel sand body of the fan delta plain and the underwater distributary channel sand body of the fan delta front formed a favorable uranium reservoir,so the study of sequence stratigraphy is extremely important to understanding the genesis of uranium deposits.On the basis of field investigation and a large number of borehole logs,the high resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous is divided and the system tracts of different periods are established.The relationship between deposition,interlayer oxidation and uranium enrichment is discussed.The Lower Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation can be divided into two fourth-order sequences(Sq1 and Sq2).The lower member of the Bayingobi Formation is referred to as Sq1,which is composed of a falling-stage system tract(FSST)on top.On the other hand,the upper member of the Bayingobi Formation is referred to as Sq2,which is composed of a lowstand system tract(LST),transgressive system tract(TST)and highstand system tract(HST).The lowstand system tract forms a favorable stratigraphic structure(mud-sand-mud formation)with the lacustrine mudstone of the overlying transgressive system tract,that is conducive for the migration of uranium-bearing oxygen water.The organic matter and pyrite in the fan delta sand body,as well as the dark mudstone in the distributary bay,provided a reducing medium for uranium mineralization.The ore body mainly occurs in the distributary channel,underwater distributary channel or the mouth bar of the fan delta.As a result of the moderate thickness,high permeability,favorable barrier and rich reducing medium,the rich ore body mainly occurs in the underwater distributary channel and mouth bar sand body of the delta front.Based on study of the sequence stratigraphy,the model of the sequence,sedimentation and mineralization of the uranium deposit is established,which enriches uranium metallogenic theory and provides a reference for exploration of the same type of uranium deposits.展开更多
Sequence stratigraphy can be used to predict the oil and gas reservoir bodies and to choose the oil targets. Fan delta and sublacustrine fan systems are developed in the HGZ Area, which is located in front of the Altu...Sequence stratigraphy can be used to predict the oil and gas reservoir bodies and to choose the oil targets. Fan delta and sublacustrine fan systems are developed in the HGZ Area, which is located in front of the Altun Mountain in the west of the Qaidam Basin. On the basis of seismic and well drilling data, the deposits in the area were studied by using sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction techniques. Various reservoir prediction techniques used under the constraint of high resolution sequence framework could help to improve the precision of reservoir prediction and to recognize the pinch out line of sand layers, the distribution of isolated sandstone bodies and the types of oil pools. The study of sequence stratigraphy makes reservoir prediction more effective by dividing different scales of sequences and distinguishing the system tracts and parasequence sets, and indicates the internal relationship between oil/gas and sedimentary bodies in different system tracts with evolution in time and space.展开更多
文摘A Oilfield is the most representative mid to deep oil field in the Bohai Sea, with the main oil bearing intervals being the upper and middle Shahejie-3 sections of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation. By combining well seismic analysis, the middle section of Shahejie-3 is divided into high-level system tract and forced lake retreat system tract, corresponding to the II oil formation and I oil formation, respectively. Using sequence stratigraphy methods, based on seismic profiles and drilling lithological cycles, the high stand system tract is divided into 5 stages of delta progradation. The first and second stages are high angle S-type progradation with large sedimentary thickness, the third stage is oblique progradation, and the fourth and fifth stages are S-oblique composite progradation;By combining seismic data, we characterized the large-scale (8 small-scale) progradation bodies of 5 periods, clarified the distribution characteristics of reservoir planes, and laid the foundation for the later exploration of oilfield potential.
文摘The Late Devonian-early Carboniferous deposits of the Anarak section in northeastern Isfahan,Central Iran,evaluated based on conodont biostratigraphy,sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy.According to the field observations,five lithological units were identified.Investigating the conodont fauna of the Late Devonian-Carboniferous(Mississippian-Pennsylvanian)deposits of Bahram,Shishtu,and Qaleh(Sardar 1)formations in Anarak section led to the identification of 67 species of 18 conodont genera,and accordingly 22 conodont biozones were differentiated.The correlation of sea-level change curves,regarding to the conodont biofacies with the global sea-level curve,demonstrates the relative correlation in the mentioned times due to the shallow condition of the central Iran basin compared to the European and American basins.The microfacies analysis led to the identification of 12 microfacies related to the open sea,bioclastic barrier,lagoon and tidal flat sub-sedimentary environments in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment.Based on sequence stratigraphy studies,three 3rd order sequences were identified.The first sequence,which is of the Late Devonian(upper part of the Bahram Formation,32.5 m),the second sequence(12.5 m)is the Late Devonian(uppermost part of the Bahram Formation),and the third sequence(68 m)is the early Carboniferous(the Shishtu I Formation).
基金Project(2008ZX05002-005) supported by the State Major Special Science and Technology Foundation of China
文摘Based on a synthetic geological study of drilling,well logging and seismic data,core observations and geochemical analysis,it is recognized that Triassic sedimentary facies in the Tahe area of Tarim Basin include braided river deposits filling erosional valleys,and sublacustrine fan,canyon and delta facies.Braided river deposits filling erosional valleys are dominated by coarse-grained lithic quartz sandstone with oblique bedding,and represent the most important sedimentation type of sandstone in the study area.Sublacustrine fan and canyon facies are mainly distributed in the Middle Oil Member.Most delta sediments are deposited in highstand system tract(HST),Because of frequent changes in base level,delta sediments are commonly eroded and rarely preserved.Sedimentary cycles are clearly reflected by lithology,sedimentary structures and well logging data,and are closely related to the changes in lacustrine level.In accordance with the basic principle of sequence subdivision,seven type-I boundaries can be recognized in Triassic strata and six type-I sequences are subdivided correspondingly.In general,lowstand system tract(LST) is well developed within stratigraphic sequences and forms the main body of reservoir sandstone in this area;highstand system tract(HST) and transgressive system tract(TST) are often eroded by upper sequences or missed,Although various factors have different influences on terrestrial sequence stratigraphy,the classical sequence stratigraphy theory proposed by VAIL can be applied to terrestrial strata.
基金This research was supported by the Project for the Survey of Land and Resources in China(1212010633901)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41572090)。
文摘There are 9 major coal-accumulating periods during geological history in China,including the Early Carboniferous,Late Carboniferous-Early Permian,Middle Permian,Late Permian,Late Triassic,Early-Middle Jurassic,Early Cretaceous,Paleogene and Neogene.The coal formed in these periods were developed in different coal-accumulating areas(CAA)including the North China,South China,Northwest China,Northeast China,the Qinghai–Tibet area,and China offshore area.In this paper,we investigated depositional environments,sequence stratigraphy,lithofacies paleogeography and coal accumulation pattern of five major coal-accumulating periods including the Late Carboniferous to Middle Permian of the North China CAA,the Late Permian of the South China CAA,the Late Triassic of the South China CAA,the Early-Middle Jurassic of the North and Northwest China CAA,and the Early Cretaceous in the Northeast China CAA.According to distribution of the coal-bearing strata and the regional tectonic outlines,we have identified distribution range of the coal-forming basins,sedimentary facies types and coal-accumulating models.The sequence stratigraphic frameworks of the major coal-accumulating periods were established based on recognition of a variety of sequence boundaries.The distribution of thick coals and migration patterns of the coal-accumulating centers in the sequence stratigraphic framework were analyzed.The lithofacies paleogeography maps based on third-order sequences were reconstructed and the distribution of coal accumulation centers and coal-rich belts were predicted.
文摘Three third-order sequences and about one hundred high-frequency cycles or Milankovitchcycles within the Late Permian Changxingian to Early Triassic Griesbachian are identified in theMeishan Section of Changxing, Zhejiang Province, southern China, the candidate stratotype sec-tion of the global Permo-Triassic boundary, based on a detailed study of the biological,ecological and high-resolution allochthonous cyclic events, microfacies and depositional systems.Furthermore, the stacking pattern of the depositional systems across various Changxingian andGriesbachian sedimentary facies of the Lower Yangtze and the sequence stratigraphic frameworkare outlined with the Meishan section as the principal section. In this paper the habitat types offossil biota are applied to semiquantitative palaeobathymetry and the study of relative sea levelchanges.
基金This study was supported by the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China(2001CB209100),
文摘The Lower Cretaceous strata in the Kuqa Basin in Xinjiang are marked by a set of arid red beds. Several types of sedimentary fades can be identified in this set of arid red beds: mudstones of the plaza and intracontinental sebkha, aeolian sandstones, sandy conglomerates of the intermittent river, conglomerates of the pluvial fan, etc. These types of sedimentary facies constitute a typical desert system. Therefore, the Cretaceous strata in the Kuqa Basin provide a favorable condition for studies of sequence stratigraphic divisions of the desert system. With the rise and fall of the base level of the sedimentary basin, cyclicity is clearly revealed in stratigraphic records, which helps the identification of the third-order sequences. Based on the cyclicity in stratigraphic records, 5 third-order sequences can be found in the strata of the Early Cretaceous in the Kuqa Basin. These sequences comprise a second-order tectonic sequence. The primary feature of these third-order sequences is of an upward-fining sedimentary succession formed by a succession of 'coarse sediments of the alluvial system-fine sediments of the lake system'. The result of this study shows that aeolian sandstones are the best reservoirs of natural gas in the Cretaceous strata in the Kuqa Basin, and that the Kela-2 gas field is the first large gas field dominated by aeolian sandstone reservoirs in China.
文摘In South China four depositional sequences are recognized in the upper part of Upper Devonian and Tournaisian. They are named SQ0 SQ1, SQ2 and SQ3 in ascending order. SQ0 is Strunian (uppermost Devonian), and the other three Tournaisian in age. These four depositional sequences appear to correlate fairly well with the four sequence recognized in Europe, North America and other areas. This may suggest that these sequences are synchronous depos- its resulted from the eustatic changes. The present study on sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy indicates that in neritic facies areas of South China, the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, matching the boundary between Siphonodella praesulcata zone and S. sulcata zone in pelagic facies areas, is not only higher than the top of the Cystophrentis zone, but also higher than the top of the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary event bed. In neritic facies areas, the Devonian-Carbonifrerous boundary is marked by the most distinct transgressive surface within the Cystophrentiseudouralina interval zone, i. e. at the base of the TST of the SQ1. This boundary coincides with the top surface of the event bed resulted from the eustatic fall, and approximately corresponds to the basal part of Rseudouralina assemblage zone.
文摘The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid.Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences （designated as SS1 and SS2） and five third-order sequences （designated as S1-S5）. Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and Iowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined （S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2--C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F）; a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing： （1） a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; （2） a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and （3） a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences （S1 and S3） of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences （S2 and S4-S5） of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.
基金supported by the National Major Fundamental Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2003CB214600)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant No. 90814005)
文摘Sequence stratigraphical analysis was applied to the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian sedimentary succession of the northeastern Ordos Basin, north China based on data acquired from ten entire logging curves and eight outcrops. The facies framework of the lithostratigraphical unit, the Taiyuan Formation comprises seven facies in two facies associations, varying from fluvio-delta to shelf-barrier islands. The facies are presented within a chronostratigraphical framework, linked by systems tract, which in turn are limited by flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries. Six third-order depositional sequences are recognised, bounded by six type 2 unconformities. An upwards-shallowing epicontinental sea sedimentary model is created, which consists of a sandstone, coal seam and carbonate succession.
基金This paper is an outcome of the research programof sequence stratigraphy (SSLC) supported by the Stateac~sinn of ScienCe and
文摘Depositional sequences may be distinguished into six ranks of units as giga-, mega-, meso-, ortho-, sub- and micro-sequence, and are interpreted to be formed during the eustatic cycles with time-intervals of 500-6000 Ma, 60-120 Ma, 30-40 Ma, 2-5 Ma, 0.1-0.4 Ma and 0.02-0.04 Ma respectively. All of them are thought to be essentially related to cosmological cycles, except the megasequence which may be caused by the long-term geothermal cycles on cratons. We deem that the depositional sequences, though often influenced variably by local tectonics and other factors, are primarily global and periodic in nature. We also hold that as one of the planets within the Galaxy, the earth must have been affected in various ways by other asteroids, and that the depositional sequences are merely the responses of the hydrosphere to the cosmological cycles in sedimentation.
文摘The Upper Proterozoic glacigenous rocks in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze platform were accumulated in a glacially influenced marine environment with extension set- ting. Two type I depositional sequences have been identified in the glacioclastic sediments the their boundaries enhanced by both tectonism and the incision of glaciation. The lower sequence (SQ1), comprising Changan and Fulu formations (Guangxi Province), Jiangkou and Xiangmen formations(Hunan Province) and their equivalents, is bounded by erosional unconformities both at the base and on the top. The upper sequence (SQ2), composed mainly of Nantuo Formation and its equivalents, is confined by an erosional unconformity at the base and covered by an exposure surface of karstification on the top. The depositional systems tracts are difficult to be distinguished directly and mainly characterized by the variation in glacioclastic supplies. Two types of episodic parasequeuces can be identified in the glacigenous rocks and are related to the evolution of depositional systems tracts. Both the sequences and parasequences are caused by autocyclic mechanism. The present research shows that the Upper Proterozoic glacigenous deposits are of significance for the analysis of the tectonic evolution of the Late Precambrian basin in South China.
基金Financial support was provided by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No.2011ZX05023-002-003)
文摘Gas-bearing deposits in the Lower Mingyuefeng Formation of Paleogene, Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin consist of shoreface sandstones of the highstand systems tract（HST） and transgressive systems tract（TST）, and deltaic sandstones of the lowstand systems tract（LST） and falling stage systems tract（FSST）.Detailed petrographic observations suggest that the diagenetic features and related evolution of these deposits cannot be simply characterized and demonstrated in the depth domain.However, the occurrence of diagenetic minerals systematically depends on the studied interval within the HST, TST, LST, and FSST; therefore, diagenesis in this region can be better constrained when studied in the context of the depositional environments and sequence stratigraphic framework.The eogenetic processes in such settings include：（1） microcrystalline siderite precipitated as concretions in almost all environments and systems tracts, which inhibited further mechanical compaction;（2） grain dissolution and kaolinitization occurred in shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST and FSST sandstones;（3） glaucony was locally observed, which did not clearly reflect the controls of facies or sequence stratigraphy; and（4） cementation by pyrite aggregates occurred in the shoreface HST sandstones and deltaic LST sandstones.The mesogenetic diagenesis includes：（1） partial conversion of kaolinite into dickite in deltaic LST sandstones, and minor chlorite cementation in deltaic FSST sandstones;（2） transformation of kaolinite into illite and quartz cementation in deltaic LST and FSST sandstones;（3） frequent precipitation of ankerite and ferroan calcite in shoreface TST sandstones and early HST sandstones, forming baffles and barriers for fluid flow, with common calcite in shoreface HST sandstones as a late diagenetic cement; and（4） formation of dawsonite in the deltaic LST and FSST sandstones, which is interpreted to be a product of the invasion of a CO2-rich fluid, and acts as a good indicator of CO2-bearing reservoirs.This study has thus constructed a reliable conceptual model to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations.The results may provide an entirely new conceptual framework and methodology for successful gas exploration in the continental margins of offshore China, thus allowing us to predict and unravel the distribution and quality evolution of clastic reservoirs at a more detailed and reliable scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41706063)the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institute of China(Grant No.2017Q08)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M602087)
文摘The Shan 2 Member, Shan 1 Member and He 8 Member of the Mid-Late Permian Shanxi and lower Xiashihezi formations, in the southeastern Ordos Basin, together comprise -150 m of deltaic deposits. This sequence records an overall evolution from deep marine environment to shallow lake associated with braided river, braided river delta and meandering river delta. Core description, well log interpretation, and stable isotope analysis, including carbon, oxygen and strontium, were conducted to understand the sedimentary evolution of Shan 2 to He 8 Member. The Shanxi Formation, which consists of the Shan 2 and Shan 1 members, is characterized by a tidal-influenced meandering river delta environment and a higher j13C value and S7Sr/S6Sr ratio and a lower jlSo value. The He 8 Member, the basal part of the Xiashihezi Formation, is featured by a braided river to braided river delta system and a lower j13C value, S7Sr/S6Sr ratio, and a higher jlSo value. Four third-order depositional sequences separated by five sequence boundaries are determined. Coarsening upward sequences of the Shan 2 Member-He 8 Member indicate a general regression trend, which can be correlated to global sea-level fall occurring during the Roadian-Wuchiapingian, as also evidenced by previous published zircon U-Pb results. The coal-bearing sequence （Shanxi Formation） to non-coal-bearing sequence （He 8 Member）, as well as a decrease of 87Sr/86Sr, suggest a trend from humid to arid climates. A combined effect of sea-level drop and a small uplift at the end of Shanxi Formation are proposed.
基金the University of Isfahan for providing financial support
文摘A rich assemblage of planktonic foraminifera has been studied from an outcrop of the Gurpi Formation, the hydrocarbon source rock in the southwest Iran, Deh Dasht area（Kuh-e Siah anticline）. Based on the distribution of the planktonic foraminifera, eight biozones have been recognized that included：Dicarinella concavata Interval Zone（Earliest Santonian）, Dicarinella asymetrica Total Range Zone（Santonian to Earliest Campanian）, Globotruncanita elevata Partial Range Zone（Early Campanian）, Globotruncana ventricosa Interval Zone（Middle to Late Campanian）, Radotruncana calcarata Total Range Zone（Late Campanian）, Globotruncanella havanensis Partial Range Zone（Late Campanian）, Globotruncana aegyptiaca Interval Zone（Late to latest Campanian）, Gansserina gansseri Interval Zone（Latest Campanian to Early Maastrichtian）. These biozones indicates that the Gurpi Formation deposited during the Early Santonian- Early Maastrichtian. These biozones are compared to the most standard biozones defined in Tethysian domain. Based on distribution of morphotype groups of planktonic foraminifera, planktonic to benthic ratio（P/B） and content of carbonate, nine third-order sequences are recognized.
文摘The Carboniferous prototype sedimentary basin in the Tazhong (Central Tarimbasin) area is recognized as a compressive intracratonic depressional one. Three type Ⅰ sequenceboundaries and three type Ⅱ sequence boundaries can be identified in the CarboniferousSystem, which can accordingly be divided into five sedimentary sequences. These sequencespossess stratigraphic characters of the standard sequence and correspond to the depositionalstratigraphic unit of a third-order eustatic cycle. They can be regionally or globally correlatedwith each other. The framework of sequence stratigraphy of the intracratonict basin in thestudy area distinctly differs from that of the passive continental-margin basin in the lack ofdepositional systems of early-middle lowstand, poor development of the deeply incised valleyand condensed section of the maximum sea-flood, good development of type Ⅱ sequenceboundaries and coastal plain depositional systems coexisting with shelf-type fan deltas underwet climatic conditions, Which consequently led to the formation of a paralic lithofacies frame-work.
基金National Basis Research Program of China(2003CB214608)
文摘The strata of Jurassic was divided into three tectonic sequences and eight se- quences of third rank,according to the developing feature of the tectonic inconformity and the transforming feature of the depositional system tracts.Also the identification and the division of the base-level cycle of different period were carried through.Therefore three cycles of super period,eight cycles of long period,twenty-four cycles of middle period and some cycles of short period were identified.From the overall character of the coal-accu- mulation in the Mesozoic,we can see that the Yan'an formation is of the best nature of coal bearing.When the coal bearing systems of Jurassic were depositing,the Ordos area is the coal accumulating basin of terrene of large scale and located in the same tectonic unit.But the local structure of different part and the paleolandform are different in the basin which resulted in the difference of the depositional environment.So the layer number and the distribution of the thickness of the coal beds are different in the different part of the ba- sin.The coal-accumulating action migrated regularly along with the development,evolve- ment and migration of the depositional systems.The layer numbers of the coal beds, which can be mined,are more in the north and west fringe of the basin,whose distributing area is extensive,and they are more steady in the landscape orientation,also the total thickness is great.Therefore the nature of coal bearing and the coal-accumulating action of different part changed obviously in the space in Ordos area.
基金supported by Beni-Suef University (Egypt)the Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education (MGRRE) at Western Michigan University (USA)by Boone Pickens School of Geology at Oklahoma State University (USA)
文摘The Lower Cretaceous sections in northern Sinai are composed of the Risan Aneiza （upper Barremian-middle Albian） and the Halal （middle Albian-lower Cenomanian） formations. The facies reflect subtle paleobathymetry from inner to outer ramp facies. The inner ramp facies are peritidal, protected to open marine lagoons, shoals and rudist biostrome facies. The inner ramp facies grade northward into outer ramp deposits. The upper Barremian-lower Cenomanian succession is subdivided into nine depositional sequences correlated with those recognized in the neighbouring Tethyan areas. These sequences are subdivided into 19 medium-scale sequences based on the facies evolution, the recorded hardgrounds and flooding surfaces, interpreted as the result of eustatic sea level changes and local tectonic activities of the early Syrian Arc rifting stage. Each sequence contains a lower retrogradational parasequence set that constituted the transgressive systems tracts and an upper progradational parasequence set that formed the highstand systems tracts. Nine rudist levels are recorded in the upper Barremian through lower Cenomanian succession at Gabal Raghawi. At Gabal Yelleg two rudist levels are found in the Albian. The rudist levels are associated with the highstand systems tract deposits because of the suitability of the trophic conditions in the rudist-dominated ramp.
基金This paper is supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation( No.4982 5 10 2 ) and the Ministry of Science and Te
文摘The Triassic in the Qomolongma area, southern Tibet, was deposited under an extensional tectonic setting from the Pangea supercontinent to continental rifting. From the Induan to Rhaetian, 12 depositional sequences (3rd order) have been recognized, which can be grouped into 5 sequence sets and in turn make up a well defined mesosequence (2nd order). Among the recognized marine transgressions, those at 250 Ma, 239 Ma, 231 Ma and 223 Ma respectively are particularly of significance and can be correlated widely across continents. The study shows that in Triassic the Qomolongma area experienced a sedimentary evolution from epicontinental sea to rift basin with the turning point at ca 228 Ma. During the early and middle epochs, the area was under epeiric sea, with carbonate ramp to mixed shoal environments predominant. In the late Carnian, the strong extension initiated listric faulting, thus resulting in rapid basement subsidence and the onset of a rift basin. From the late Norian to Rhaetian, it manifested as a rapid basin filling process in the area. Coupled with long term sea level fall, the excessive terrigenous influx led to the shift of environment from deep water prodelta to shore and finally to fluvial plain.
基金funded by the project of Investigation and Exploration of Uranium Deposits in Bayingobi Basin(Grant No.201903,202203)China Nuclear Geology,CNNC。
文摘The Bayingobi basin is the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin in North China in which the Tamusu uranium deposit is located.The ore-target layer of the deposit is the Lower Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation,which developed as a fan deltashallow lacustrine deposit.The distributary channel sand body of the fan delta plain and the underwater distributary channel sand body of the fan delta front formed a favorable uranium reservoir,so the study of sequence stratigraphy is extremely important to understanding the genesis of uranium deposits.On the basis of field investigation and a large number of borehole logs,the high resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous is divided and the system tracts of different periods are established.The relationship between deposition,interlayer oxidation and uranium enrichment is discussed.The Lower Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation can be divided into two fourth-order sequences(Sq1 and Sq2).The lower member of the Bayingobi Formation is referred to as Sq1,which is composed of a falling-stage system tract(FSST)on top.On the other hand,the upper member of the Bayingobi Formation is referred to as Sq2,which is composed of a lowstand system tract(LST),transgressive system tract(TST)and highstand system tract(HST).The lowstand system tract forms a favorable stratigraphic structure(mud-sand-mud formation)with the lacustrine mudstone of the overlying transgressive system tract,that is conducive for the migration of uranium-bearing oxygen water.The organic matter and pyrite in the fan delta sand body,as well as the dark mudstone in the distributary bay,provided a reducing medium for uranium mineralization.The ore body mainly occurs in the distributary channel,underwater distributary channel or the mouth bar of the fan delta.As a result of the moderate thickness,high permeability,favorable barrier and rich reducing medium,the rich ore body mainly occurs in the underwater distributary channel and mouth bar sand body of the delta front.Based on study of the sequence stratigraphy,the model of the sequence,sedimentation and mineralization of the uranium deposit is established,which enriches uranium metallogenic theory and provides a reference for exploration of the same type of uranium deposits.
基金Supported by the Project of "Ktqq-2005-013" from PetroChina, China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)
文摘Sequence stratigraphy can be used to predict the oil and gas reservoir bodies and to choose the oil targets. Fan delta and sublacustrine fan systems are developed in the HGZ Area, which is located in front of the Altun Mountain in the west of the Qaidam Basin. On the basis of seismic and well drilling data, the deposits in the area were studied by using sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction techniques. Various reservoir prediction techniques used under the constraint of high resolution sequence framework could help to improve the precision of reservoir prediction and to recognize the pinch out line of sand layers, the distribution of isolated sandstone bodies and the types of oil pools. The study of sequence stratigraphy makes reservoir prediction more effective by dividing different scales of sequences and distinguishing the system tracts and parasequence sets, and indicates the internal relationship between oil/gas and sedimentary bodies in different system tracts with evolution in time and space.
