In this paper, the authors aim to propose the use of waste plastics as a binder in a coconut shell reinforcement for the development of an 8/6 size composite rafter to replace the natural 8/6 size backbone in construc...In this paper, the authors aim to propose the use of waste plastics as a binder in a coconut shell reinforcement for the development of an 8/6 size composite rafter to replace the natural 8/6 size backbone in construction. Following a study into the choice of the best proportions, a total of 30 size 8/6 composite rafters with different proportions of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 50% plastic content were developed. All the 8/6 composite rafters were subjected to mechanical (3-point bending strength and Monnin hardness) and physical (bulk density and water absorption) characterization analyses. The results show that flexural strength increases from 27.56 MPa to 33.30 MPa for proportions ranging from 20% to 35% plastic content. Above 35% plastic, the strength drops to 19.60 MPa for a 50% plastic content. Similarly, the Monnin hardness drops from 9 mm to 5 mm when the plastic content varies from 20 to 50%. As for the results of the physical characterisation, the values obtained for apparent density vary from 0.89 to 1 for proportions varying from 20% to 35% plastic content and drop to 0.94 for 50% plastic content. As for water absorption, values drop from 6.82% to 2.45% when the plastic content increases from 20% to 50%. These mechanical strengths stabilise at 35% plastic content. The development of an 8/6 chevron composite material based on plastic and coconut shell could therefore be a way of recovering waste and solving the problem of deforestation.展开更多
The dynamic buckling of elasto-plastic cylindrical shells under axial fluid-solid impact is investigated theoretically. A simplified liquid- gas- structure model is given to approximately imitate the problem. The basi...The dynamic buckling of elasto-plastic cylindrical shells under axial fluid-solid impact is investigated theoretically. A simplified liquid- gas- structure model is given to approximately imitate the problem. The basic equation of the structure is derived from a minimum principle in dynamics of elasto-plastic continua at finite deformation, and the flow theory of plasticity is employed. The liquid is incompressible and the gas is compressed adiabatically. A number of numerical results are presented and the characteristics of the buckling behavior under fluid-solid impact are illustrated.展开更多
The paper proposes a new approach of predicting the bifurcation points of elastic-plastic buckling of plates and shells,which is obtained from the natural combination of the Lyaponov's dy- namic criterion on stabi...The paper proposes a new approach of predicting the bifurcation points of elastic-plastic buckling of plates and shells,which is obtained from the natural combination of the Lyaponov's dy- namic criterion on stability and the modified adaptive Dynamic Relaxation(maDR)method developed recently by the authors.This new method can overcome the difficulties in the applications of the dy- namic criterion.Numerical results show that the theoretically predicted bifurcation points are in very good agreement with the corresponding experimental ones.The paper also provides a new means for further research on the plastic buckling paradox of plates and shells.展开更多
-This paper adopts approximate formulas for residual stresses caused by cold bending for plates with stress-strain curve form a = K n. A typical distribution of the longitudinal residual stress due to welding is also ...-This paper adopts approximate formulas for residual stresses caused by cold bending for plates with stress-strain curve form a = K n. A typical distribution of the longitudinal residual stress due to welding is also assumed. The effects of residual stress due to cold bending and welding on plastic buckling of axially compressed cylindrical shells are studied by the finite element method.展开更多
By using the energy criterion in [3], the impact torsional buckling for the rigid plastic cylindrical shell is studied. The linear dynamic torsional buckling equations for the rigid plastic shell is drived, and the cr...By using the energy criterion in [3], the impact torsional buckling for the rigid plastic cylindrical shell is studied. The linear dynamic torsional buckling equations for the rigid plastic shell is drived, and the critical impact velocity is given.展开更多
This paper uses the nonlinear prebuckling consisten theory to analyse the plasticbuckling problem of of stiffned torispherical shell under uniform exlernal pressure. Thebuckling equation and energy expressions of t...This paper uses the nonlinear prebuckling consisten theory to analyse the plasticbuckling problem of of stiffned torispherical shell under uniform exlernal pressure. Thebuckling equation and energy expressions of the shell are built. the calculation formulais presented Numerical examples show that method in ths paper has betterprecision and the calculating process is very simple.展开更多
This paper uses the nonlinear prebuckling consisten theory to analyse the plaslicbuckling problem of stiffened torispherical shell under uniform external pressure. Thebuckling equation and energr expressions of the ...This paper uses the nonlinear prebuckling consisten theory to analyse the plaslicbuckling problem of stiffened torispherical shell under uniform external pressure. Thebuckling equation and energr expressions of the shell are built, the calculalion formulais presented. Numerical examples show that the method in this paper has betterprecision and the calculating process is very simple.展开更多
In the present paper, experimental studies on dynamic plasticbuckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial impact are carried out. Hopkinson bar and drop hammer apparatus are used for dynamic loading. Three grou...In the present paper, experimental studies on dynamic plasticbuckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial impact are carried out. Hopkinson bar and drop hammer apparatus are used for dynamic loading. Three groups of circular cylindrical shells made of copper are tested under axial impact. From the experiments, the first critical velocity corresponding to the axi-symmetric buckling mode and the second critical velocity corresponding to the non-axisymmetric buckling mode are determined. The present results come close to those of second critical velocity given by Wang Ren[4–6]. Two different kinds of non-axisymmetric buckling modes oval-shaped and triangle shaped are founded. The buckling modes under two loading cases, viz. with small mass but high velocity and with large mass and low velocity using Hopkinson bar and drop hammer, are different. Their critical energies are also discussed.展开更多
为探究凸型加筋锥柱壳在静水压与深水爆炸载荷联合作用下的动态响应,在塑性弦线模型基础上考虑静水压载荷、锥角因素,将问题简化为求解拥有初边界值的波动方程,利用特征值展开将肋间板壳径向位移表示为无穷级数的形式,并对每个特征值计...为探究凸型加筋锥柱壳在静水压与深水爆炸载荷联合作用下的动态响应,在塑性弦线模型基础上考虑静水压载荷、锥角因素,将问题简化为求解拥有初边界值的波动方程,利用特征值展开将肋间板壳径向位移表示为无穷级数的形式,并对每个特征值计算相应的卸载时间,以此显示冲击波载荷的衰减特性。使用有限元程序Abaqus对半锥角为20°的凸型加筋锥柱壳开展最大深度500 m、最大冲击因子0.79 kg 0.5/m的水下爆炸数值模拟研究,对邻近结合处的柱段、锥段肋间板壳的理论模型计算结果进行验证对比和讨论。研究结果表明:与不计静水压相比,静水压使得肋间板壳刚度减小——最大位移出现时刻延滞,最终径向位移随水深而增大;在不同冲击因子下,理论模型与数值模拟最终径向位移误差最大为21.7%(锥段),最小为2.0%(柱段);由于锥角的存在,肋间板壳位移不再关于中心点对称分布,中心点最终位移较柱段减小40%以上。展开更多
During the 2022 growing season (August to November) at the Federal University of Technology, Minna School farm, Niger State, an experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of mulching on Okras growth, yield,...During the 2022 growing season (August to November) at the Federal University of Technology, Minna School farm, Niger State, an experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of mulching on Okras growth, yield, and moisture content was examined across four distinct growth stages (initial, development, mid, and late) and at varying soil depths (0 - 30 cm and 30 - 60 cm). The study employed a randomised complete block design with four replications, encompassing control (T0), groundnut shells mulch (T1), black polythene mulch (T2), and white polythene mulch (T3) as treatments. The highest average Okra fresh pod yield, amounting to 23.4 t/ha, was achieved by implementing white plastic mulch, contrasting with the control treatment, which yielded the lowest at 22 t/ha. Notably, the control plots exhibited yield reductions of up to 32% compared to the plots employing white plastic mulching. The utilisation of mulch had a notable impact on the overall crop yield, with the superior quality evident in the treatment employing white plastic mulch (26 t/ha). The control treatment exhibited the lowest quality at 24.3 t/ha. Groundnut shell mulch influenced moisture conservation, but no significant variance was observed compared to the control plots. Therefore, the study suggests that polythene mulch may be the most suitable type to enhance the quality of okra production by conserving soil moisture. Among the biodegradable and non-biodegradable mulches used in this study, white polythene mulch was the most effective.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the authors aim to propose the use of waste plastics as a binder in a coconut shell reinforcement for the development of an 8/6 size composite rafter to replace the natural 8/6 size backbone in construction. Following a study into the choice of the best proportions, a total of 30 size 8/6 composite rafters with different proportions of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 50% plastic content were developed. All the 8/6 composite rafters were subjected to mechanical (3-point bending strength and Monnin hardness) and physical (bulk density and water absorption) characterization analyses. The results show that flexural strength increases from 27.56 MPa to 33.30 MPa for proportions ranging from 20% to 35% plastic content. Above 35% plastic, the strength drops to 19.60 MPa for a 50% plastic content. Similarly, the Monnin hardness drops from 9 mm to 5 mm when the plastic content varies from 20 to 50%. As for the results of the physical characterisation, the values obtained for apparent density vary from 0.89 to 1 for proportions varying from 20% to 35% plastic content and drop to 0.94 for 50% plastic content. As for water absorption, values drop from 6.82% to 2.45% when the plastic content increases from 20% to 50%. These mechanical strengths stabilise at 35% plastic content. The development of an 8/6 chevron composite material based on plastic and coconut shell could therefore be a way of recovering waste and solving the problem of deforestation.
文摘The dynamic buckling of elasto-plastic cylindrical shells under axial fluid-solid impact is investigated theoretically. A simplified liquid- gas- structure model is given to approximately imitate the problem. The basic equation of the structure is derived from a minimum principle in dynamics of elasto-plastic continua at finite deformation, and the flow theory of plasticity is employed. The liquid is incompressible and the gas is compressed adiabatically. A number of numerical results are presented and the characteristics of the buckling behavior under fluid-solid impact are illustrated.
文摘The paper proposes a new approach of predicting the bifurcation points of elastic-plastic buckling of plates and shells,which is obtained from the natural combination of the Lyaponov's dy- namic criterion on stability and the modified adaptive Dynamic Relaxation(maDR)method developed recently by the authors.This new method can overcome the difficulties in the applications of the dy- namic criterion.Numerical results show that the theoretically predicted bifurcation points are in very good agreement with the corresponding experimental ones.The paper also provides a new means for further research on the plastic buckling paradox of plates and shells.
文摘-This paper adopts approximate formulas for residual stresses caused by cold bending for plates with stress-strain curve form a = K n. A typical distribution of the longitudinal residual stress due to welding is also assumed. The effects of residual stress due to cold bending and welding on plastic buckling of axially compressed cylindrical shells are studied by the finite element method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘By using the energy criterion in [3], the impact torsional buckling for the rigid plastic cylindrical shell is studied. The linear dynamic torsional buckling equations for the rigid plastic shell is drived, and the critical impact velocity is given.
文摘This paper uses the nonlinear prebuckling consisten theory to analyse the plasticbuckling problem of of stiffned torispherical shell under uniform exlernal pressure. Thebuckling equation and energy expressions of the shell are built. the calculation formulais presented Numerical examples show that method in ths paper has betterprecision and the calculating process is very simple.
文摘This paper uses the nonlinear prebuckling consisten theory to analyse the plaslicbuckling problem of stiffened torispherical shell under uniform external pressure. Thebuckling equation and energr expressions of the shell are built, the calculalion formulais presented. Numerical examples show that the method in this paper has betterprecision and the calculating process is very simple.
基金The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(19672039)the Foundation for Returned Scholar from Abroad of Shanxi Province
文摘In the present paper, experimental studies on dynamic plasticbuckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial impact are carried out. Hopkinson bar and drop hammer apparatus are used for dynamic loading. Three groups of circular cylindrical shells made of copper are tested under axial impact. From the experiments, the first critical velocity corresponding to the axi-symmetric buckling mode and the second critical velocity corresponding to the non-axisymmetric buckling mode are determined. The present results come close to those of second critical velocity given by Wang Ren[4–6]. Two different kinds of non-axisymmetric buckling modes oval-shaped and triangle shaped are founded. The buckling modes under two loading cases, viz. with small mass but high velocity and with large mass and low velocity using Hopkinson bar and drop hammer, are different. Their critical energies are also discussed.
文摘为探究凸型加筋锥柱壳在静水压与深水爆炸载荷联合作用下的动态响应,在塑性弦线模型基础上考虑静水压载荷、锥角因素,将问题简化为求解拥有初边界值的波动方程,利用特征值展开将肋间板壳径向位移表示为无穷级数的形式,并对每个特征值计算相应的卸载时间,以此显示冲击波载荷的衰减特性。使用有限元程序Abaqus对半锥角为20°的凸型加筋锥柱壳开展最大深度500 m、最大冲击因子0.79 kg 0.5/m的水下爆炸数值模拟研究,对邻近结合处的柱段、锥段肋间板壳的理论模型计算结果进行验证对比和讨论。研究结果表明:与不计静水压相比,静水压使得肋间板壳刚度减小——最大位移出现时刻延滞,最终径向位移随水深而增大;在不同冲击因子下,理论模型与数值模拟最终径向位移误差最大为21.7%(锥段),最小为2.0%(柱段);由于锥角的存在,肋间板壳位移不再关于中心点对称分布,中心点最终位移较柱段减小40%以上。
文摘During the 2022 growing season (August to November) at the Federal University of Technology, Minna School farm, Niger State, an experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of mulching on Okras growth, yield, and moisture content was examined across four distinct growth stages (initial, development, mid, and late) and at varying soil depths (0 - 30 cm and 30 - 60 cm). The study employed a randomised complete block design with four replications, encompassing control (T0), groundnut shells mulch (T1), black polythene mulch (T2), and white polythene mulch (T3) as treatments. The highest average Okra fresh pod yield, amounting to 23.4 t/ha, was achieved by implementing white plastic mulch, contrasting with the control treatment, which yielded the lowest at 22 t/ha. Notably, the control plots exhibited yield reductions of up to 32% compared to the plots employing white plastic mulching. The utilisation of mulch had a notable impact on the overall crop yield, with the superior quality evident in the treatment employing white plastic mulch (26 t/ha). The control treatment exhibited the lowest quality at 24.3 t/ha. Groundnut shell mulch influenced moisture conservation, but no significant variance was observed compared to the control plots. Therefore, the study suggests that polythene mulch may be the most suitable type to enhance the quality of okra production by conserving soil moisture. Among the biodegradable and non-biodegradable mulches used in this study, white polythene mulch was the most effective.
