To improve the signal to noise ratio(SNR)and the short-term stability of cesium atomic fountain clocks,the work of two-laser optical pumping is presented theoretically and experimentally.The short-term stability of th...To improve the signal to noise ratio(SNR)and the short-term stability of cesium atomic fountain clocks,the work of two-laser optical pumping is presented theoretically and experimentally.The short-term stability of the NIM6 fountain clock has been improved by preparing more cold atoms in the|F=4,m_(F)=0>clock state with a shortened cycle time.Two π-polarized laser beams overlapped in the horizontal plane have been applied after launching,one is resonant with|F=4>→|F′=4>transition and the other is resonant with|F=3>→|F′=4>transition.With optical pumping,the population accumulated in the|m_(F)=0>clock state is improved from 11%to 63%,and the detection signal is increased by a factor of 4.2,the SNR of the clock transition probability and the short-term stability are also improved accordingly.展开更多
BACKGROUND Insulin pump therapy is a real breakthrough in managing diabetes Mellitus,particularly in children. It can deliver a tiny amount of insulin and decreases the need for frequent needle injections. It also hel...BACKGROUND Insulin pump therapy is a real breakthrough in managing diabetes Mellitus,particularly in children. It can deliver a tiny amount of insulin and decreases the need for frequent needle injections. It also helps to maintain adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.Children are suitable candidates for pump therapy as they need a more freestyle and proper metabolic control to ensure adequate growth and development.Therefore, children and their caregivers should have proper education and training and understand the proper use of insulin pumps to achieve successful pump therapy. The pump therapy continuously improves to enhance its performance and increase its simulation of the human pancreas. Nonetheless, there is yet a long way to reach the desired goal.AIM To review discusses the history of pump development, its indications, types, proper use, special conditions that may enface the children and their families while using the pump, its general care,and its advantages and disadvantages.METHODS We conducted comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases until June 30, 2022,related to pump therapy in children and published in the English language.RESULTS We included 118 articles concerned with insulin pumps, 61 were reviews, systemic reviews, and meta-analyses, 47 were primary research studies with strong design, and ten were guidelines.CONCLUSION The insulin pump provides fewer needles and can provide very tiny insulin doses, a convenient and more flexible way to modify the needed insulin physiologically, like the human pancreas, and can offer adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion on glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Met...Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion on glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Patients with GDM who received insulin therapy between March 2013 and May 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into multiple subcutaneous insulin injection (MSII) group and continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion (CSII) group. Before and after treatment, serum glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress inexes in placenta were determined respectively.Results:2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment, FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, Chemerin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment and FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, Chemerin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels of CSII group were significantly lower than those of MSII group;after delivery, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and AGEs levels in placenta of CSII group were significantly lower than those of MSII group.Conclusion:Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion can more effectively improve the glucolipid metabolism and inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with GDM than multiple subcutaneous insulin injection.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of insulin pump and continuous intravenous insulin on ketone body metabolism, blood gas indexes and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods:Patients with diabetic ket...Objective:To study the effect of insulin pump and continuous intravenous insulin on ketone body metabolism, blood gas indexes and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods:Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis who were treated in Meizhou Maternal and Child Heath Hospital between May 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the group A who received subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump and the group B who received intravenous small-dose insulin injection by micropump. The indexes of ketone body, blood gas and stress were measured before and after treatment. Results: 12 h and 24 h after treatment, serumβ-hydroxybutyrate, MDA, NE, ACTH and Cor contents of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment while pH, HCO3- and base excess levels as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TAC contents were significantly higher than those before treatment, and serumβ-hydroxybutyrate, MDA, NE, ACTH and Cor contents of group A were significantly lower than those of group B while pH, HCO3- and base excess levels as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TAC contents were significantly higher than those of group B.Conclusion:Subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump can improve ketone body metabolism, acidosis status and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11873044).
文摘To improve the signal to noise ratio(SNR)and the short-term stability of cesium atomic fountain clocks,the work of two-laser optical pumping is presented theoretically and experimentally.The short-term stability of the NIM6 fountain clock has been improved by preparing more cold atoms in the|F=4,m_(F)=0>clock state with a shortened cycle time.Two π-polarized laser beams overlapped in the horizontal plane have been applied after launching,one is resonant with|F=4>→|F′=4>transition and the other is resonant with|F=3>→|F′=4>transition.With optical pumping,the population accumulated in the|m_(F)=0>clock state is improved from 11%to 63%,and the detection signal is increased by a factor of 4.2,the SNR of the clock transition probability and the short-term stability are also improved accordingly.
文摘BACKGROUND Insulin pump therapy is a real breakthrough in managing diabetes Mellitus,particularly in children. It can deliver a tiny amount of insulin and decreases the need for frequent needle injections. It also helps to maintain adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.Children are suitable candidates for pump therapy as they need a more freestyle and proper metabolic control to ensure adequate growth and development.Therefore, children and their caregivers should have proper education and training and understand the proper use of insulin pumps to achieve successful pump therapy. The pump therapy continuously improves to enhance its performance and increase its simulation of the human pancreas. Nonetheless, there is yet a long way to reach the desired goal.AIM To review discusses the history of pump development, its indications, types, proper use, special conditions that may enface the children and their families while using the pump, its general care,and its advantages and disadvantages.METHODS We conducted comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases until June 30, 2022,related to pump therapy in children and published in the English language.RESULTS We included 118 articles concerned with insulin pumps, 61 were reviews, systemic reviews, and meta-analyses, 47 were primary research studies with strong design, and ten were guidelines.CONCLUSION The insulin pump provides fewer needles and can provide very tiny insulin doses, a convenient and more flexible way to modify the needed insulin physiologically, like the human pancreas, and can offer adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.
文摘Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion on glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Patients with GDM who received insulin therapy between March 2013 and May 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into multiple subcutaneous insulin injection (MSII) group and continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion (CSII) group. Before and after treatment, serum glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress inexes in placenta were determined respectively.Results:2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment, FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, Chemerin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment and FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, Chemerin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels of CSII group were significantly lower than those of MSII group;after delivery, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and AGEs levels in placenta of CSII group were significantly lower than those of MSII group.Conclusion:Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion can more effectively improve the glucolipid metabolism and inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with GDM than multiple subcutaneous insulin injection.
文摘Objective:To study the effect of insulin pump and continuous intravenous insulin on ketone body metabolism, blood gas indexes and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods:Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis who were treated in Meizhou Maternal and Child Heath Hospital between May 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the group A who received subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump and the group B who received intravenous small-dose insulin injection by micropump. The indexes of ketone body, blood gas and stress were measured before and after treatment. Results: 12 h and 24 h after treatment, serumβ-hydroxybutyrate, MDA, NE, ACTH and Cor contents of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment while pH, HCO3- and base excess levels as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TAC contents were significantly higher than those before treatment, and serumβ-hydroxybutyrate, MDA, NE, ACTH and Cor contents of group A were significantly lower than those of group B while pH, HCO3- and base excess levels as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TAC contents were significantly higher than those of group B.Conclusion:Subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump can improve ketone body metabolism, acidosis status and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.
