Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for preventing acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods: We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) which evalueded the effect of TCM for preven...Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for preventing acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods: We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) which evalueded the effect of TCM for preventing AMS, compared with a placebo, no treatment or acetazolamide. The literature was searched in 6major databases. RevMan 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. The relative risk for discrete variables and the mean difference for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were applied to express the effect size. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk assessment tool 2.0(RoB 2.0), and the evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and the Development and Evaluation(GRADE) approach.Results: Twenty RCTs involving 3015 participants and 16 TCM patent drugs were included. The overall risk of bias in the majority of studies(15/20) was of some concerns. In terms of the AMS incidence,Rhodiola rosea(R. rosea, Hong Jing Tian) and Ginkgo biloba(G. biloba, Yin Xing Ye) were equivalent to the placebo/no treatment [RR(95% CI): 0.66(0.43-1.01), 0.82(0.63-1.06), respectively]. The AMS incidence in the G. biloba group was higher than that in the acetazolamide group [RR(95% CI): 2.92(1.69-5.06)]. In terms of improving the AMS symptom score on days 1 and 3 in the plateau, R. rosea and G. biloba were superior to the placebo or no treatment [MD(95% CI):-0.98(-1.71,-0.25),-2.05(-3.14,-0.95), respectively]. The other 14 Chinese patent medicines were evaluated in a single trial, and the majority of the results were negative. The subgroup analysis showed that the effect of R. rosea was related to the intervention time, way of ascending, and altitude.Conclusion: R. rosea and G. biloba were effective in improving AMS symptoms but had no effect in reducing the AMS incidence. There was insufficient evidence to support the use of other TCM patent drugs to prevent AMS. More randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials are warranted to evaluate and screen effective Chinese patent medicines for AMS prevention.展开更多
Objective:Paid sick leave(PSL)laws mandate employers give workers paid time off when they are sick or injured.This current study aims to examine whether access to PSL is associated with healthcare utilization and heal...Objective:Paid sick leave(PSL)laws mandate employers give workers paid time off when they are sick or injured.This current study aims to examine whether access to PSL is associated with healthcare utilization and health outcomes and to summarize the types of utilization and outcomes which have been reported to be associated with PSL.Methods:We conducted a rapid evidence review.Our search of seven databases,including Medline,Embase,PsycINFO,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Scopus,and JSTOR,on September 21,2020,identified 757 studies,30 of which were retained.Results:Previous evidence is mostly provided by cross-sectional studies with survey data.In this study,evidence suggests that PSL is significantly associated with some types of healthcare utilization and health outcomes.In terms of healthcare utilization,findings indicate PSL is associated with an increase in the use of some preventive sendees and a decrease in the use of emergency care;while findings are mixed regarding associations of PSL with health provider visits and the use of mammograms and pap smears.As for health outcomes,findings suggest PSL is associated with improved mental and self-rated health,decreased incidence of influenza-like illness,and lower occupational injuries and mortality rates.Conclusion:PSL may be an effective tool in improving some healthcare utilization and health outcomes.Future research could help identify mechanisms through which PSL access works and identify what policy components lead to better outcomes.展开更多
Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nation...Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nationality male individuals were recruited to this research.Dynamic electrocardiogram,treadmill exercise test,echocardiography,routine blood examination and biochemical analysis were performed when subjects at sea level and entering the plateau respectively.Then multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a multiple linear regression equation using the Lake Louise Score as dependent variable to predict the risk factors at sea level related to acute mountain sickness(AMS).Results Approximately 49.05%of the individuals developed AMS.The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(22.0+2.66 vs.23.2+3.19 mm,t=l.998,P=0.048)was significantly lower in the AMS group at sea level,while count of eosinophil[(0.264+0.393)×109/L vs.(0.126+0.084)×109/L,t=-2.040,P—0.045],percentage of diflerences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals(PNN50,9.66%±5.40%vs.6.98%±5.66%,t=-2.229,P=0.028)and heart rate variability triangle index(57.1+16.1 vs.50.6+12.7,t=-2.271,P=0.025)were significantly higher.After acute exposure to high altitude,C-reactive protein(0.098+0.103 vs.0.062+0.045 g/L,t=-2.132,P=0.037),aspartate aminotransferase(19.7+6.7275.17,3±3.95 U/L,t=-2.231,P=0.028)and creatinine(85.1±12.9 vs.77.7±11.2 mmol/L,t=3.162,P=0.002)were significantly higher in the AMS group,while alkaline phosphatase(71.7+18.2 vs.80.6+20.2 U/L,t=2.389,P=0.019),standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals(126.5+35.9 vs.143.3+36.4 ms,t—2.320,P—0.022),ejection time(276.9+50.8 vs.313.8+48.9 ms,t—3.641,P—0.001)and heart rate variability triangle index(37.1+12.9 vs.41.9+11.1,t=2.O2O,P=0.047)were significantly lower.Using the Lake Louise Score as the dependent variable,prediction equation were established to estimate AMS:Lake Louise Score=3.783+0.281Xeosinophil-0.219Xalkaline phosphatase+O.O32XPNN50.Conclusions We elucidated the differences of pl^siological variables as well as noninvasive cardiovascular indicators for subjects after high altitude exposure compared with those at sea level.We also created an acute high altitude reaction early warning equation based on the physiological variables and noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level.展开更多
Background: So far, there have been no measurements confirmed useful in diagnosing acute mountain sickness(AMS). The aim of this study was to determine the role of heart rate(HR) difference(ΔHR) and oxygen saturation...Background: So far, there have been no measurements confirmed useful in diagnosing acute mountain sickness(AMS). The aim of this study was to determine the role of heart rate(HR) difference(ΔHR) and oxygen saturation(Sa O2) as objective risk factors in aiding the diagnosis of AMS.Methods: A total of 1,019 participants were assigned to either the acute exposure group(AEG): from 500 m to 3,700 m by flight within 2.5 hours(n=752); or the pre-acclimatization group(PAG): ascended to 4,400 m from 3,650 m within three hours by car after adapting 33 days at 3,650m(n=267). The questionnaires or measurements of resting Sa O2 and HR were completed between 18 and 24 hours before departure and after arrival.Results: Incidence of AMS was 61.3%(461) in AEG, with 46.1%(347) mild cases and 15.2%(114) severe cases. In PAG, the incidence was 38.9%(104), with 30.7%(82) mild cases and 8.2%(22) severe cases. The AMS subjects showed a significant increase in HR and a decrease in Sa O2 levels compared with the non-AMS subjects in both groups. ΔHR and post-exposure Sa O2 were significantly correlated with the Lake Louise Score(LLS) in both groups. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed the ΔHR >25 and Sa O2 <88% in AEG as well as ΔHR >15 and Sa O2 <86% in PAG to be independent risk factors of AMS. Combining these two measurements could specifically indicate participants with AMS, which showed a positive predictive value of 89% and specificity of 97% in AEG as well as 85% and 98% in PAG.Conclusion:ΔHR or Sa O2, as objective measurements, correlate with AMS. Combination of these two measurements may be useful as an additional specific and objective factor to further confirm the diagnosis of AMS.展开更多
Objectives To evaluate the effect of thyroid hormone therapy with low dose of thyroxin on cardiac function in elderly patients with heart failure and sick euthyroid syndrome. Methods Forty-seven patients (33 males and...Objectives To evaluate the effect of thyroid hormone therapy with low dose of thyroxin on cardiac function in elderly patients with heart failure and sick euthyroid syndrome. Methods Forty-seven patients (33 males and 14 females, mean age 85.9+4.6 years,ranging from 80 to 99 years) with chronic heart failure (NYHA Ⅱ-Ⅳ) and low triiodothyronine (T3) state were randomly allocated to the treatment group or control group. The treatment group patients received oral administration of levothyroxine sodium (Euthyrox) 25-50mg/d in addition to conventional therapy of heart failure, whereas patients in control group were given conventional therapy only. Serum level of total T3 (TT3), free T3 (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. For both groups, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stroke volume (SV) were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography before and at 8 weeks after treatment. The changes of these parameters after the treatment were evaluated by adjusting heart rate in the two groups. Results The reduced serum T3 level in the treatment group was corrected after thyroid hormone therapy,and these patients had a significant improvement in cardiac function after treatment. By contrast, in the control group only changes of serum TT3 and TT4 levels and SV and LVEF after treatment were statistically significant. The heart rate-adjusted mean SV and LVEF in both groups were also increased, which was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusion In the elderly patients with heart failure and sick euthyroid syndrome, addition of thyroxine at a low dosage to the conventional treatment could effectively improve the low T3 state and cardiac function independent of changes of heart rate.展开更多
Background: People rapidly ascending to high altitudes(>2500m) may suffer from acute mountain sickness(AMS). The association between smoking and AMS risk remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to ...Background: People rapidly ascending to high altitudes(>2500m) may suffer from acute mountain sickness(AMS). The association between smoking and AMS risk remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between smoking and AMS risk.Methods: The association between smoking and AMS risk was determined according to predefined criteria established by our team. Meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included all relevant studies listed in the Pub Med and Embase databases as of September 2015 in this meta-analysis and performed systemic searches using the terms "smoking", "acute mountain sickness" and "risk factor". The included studies were required to provide clear explanations regarding their definitions of smoking, the final altitudes reached by their participants and the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose AMS. Odds ratios(ORs) were used to evaluate the association between smoking and AMS risk across the studies, and the Q statistic was used to test OR heterogeneity, which was considered significant when P<0.05. We also computed 95% confidence intervals(CIs). Data extracted from the articles were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3(Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK).Results: We used seven case-control studies including 694 smoking patients and 1986 non-smoking controls to analyze the association between smoking and AMS risk. We observed a significant association between AMS and smoking(OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.52–0.96, P=0.03).Conclusion: We determined that smoking may protect against AMS development. However, we do not advise smoking to prevent AMS. More studies are necessary to confirm the role of smoking in AMS risk.展开更多
Background:Acute mountain sickness(AMS)is the mildest form of acute altitude illnesses,and consists of nonspecific symptoms when unacclimatized persons ascend to elevation of≥2500 m.Risk factors of AMS include:the al...Background:Acute mountain sickness(AMS)is the mildest form of acute altitude illnesses,and consists of nonspecific symptoms when unacclimatized persons ascend to elevation of≥2500 m.Risk factors of AMS include:the altitude,individual susceptibility,ascending rate and degree of pre-acclimatization.In the current study,we examined whether physiological response at low altitude could predict the development of AMS.Methods:A total of 111 healthy adult healthy volunteers participated in this trial;and 99(67 men and 32 women)completed the entire study protocol.Subjects were asked to complete a 9-min exercise program using a mechanically braked bicycle ergometer at low altitude(500 m).Heart rate,blood pressure(BP)and pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2)were recorded prior to and during the last minute of exercise.The ascent from 500 m to 4100 m was completed in 2 days.AMS was defined as≥3 points in a 4-item Lake Louise Score,with at least one point from headache wat 6–8 h after the ascent.Results:Among the 99 assessable subjects,47(23 men and 24 women)developed AMS at 4100 m.In comparison to the subjects without AMS,those who developed AMS had lower proportion of men(48.9%vs.84.6%,P<0.001),height(168.4±5.9 cm vs.171.3±6.1 cm,P=0.019),weight(62.0±10.0 kg vs.66.7±8.6 kg,P=0.014)and proportion of smokers(23.4%vs.51.9%,P=0.004).Multivariate regression analysis revealed the following independent risks for AMS:female sex(odds ratio(OR)=6.32,P<0.001),SpO2 change upon exercise at low altitude(OR=0.63,P=0.002)and systolic BP change after the ascent(OR=0.96,P=0.029).Women had larger reduction in SpO2 after the ascent,higher AMS percentage and absolute AMS score.Larger reduction of SpO2 after exercise was associated with both AMS incidence(P=0.001)and AMS score(P<0.001)in men but not in women.Conclusions:Larger SpO2 reduction after exercise at low altitude was an independent risk for AMS upon ascent.Such an association was more robust in men than in women.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registration,ChiCTR1900025728.Registered 6 September 2019.展开更多
Background: Acute mountain sickness(AMS) is a potentially lethal condition caused by acute hypoxia after ascending to altitudes higher than 2500 m in a short time. The main symptom of AMS is headache. Numerous risk fa...Background: Acute mountain sickness(AMS) is a potentially lethal condition caused by acute hypoxia after ascending to altitudes higher than 2500 m in a short time. The main symptom of AMS is headache. Numerous risk factors of AMS have been examined, including gender, obesity, ascent rate, age and individual susceptibility. In previous studies, age was considered a predisposing factor for AMS. However, different opinions have been raised in recent years. To clarify the association between AMS and age, we conducted this meta-analysis.Methods: We obtained observational studies that explored risk factors for AMS by searching PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI), the Wanfang database and CQVIP for articles published before March 2017.The studies included were required to provide the mean age and its standard deviation for subjects with and without AMS, the maximum altitude attained and the mode of ascent. The Lake Louse Score(LLS) or the Chinese AMS score(CAS) was used to judge the severity of AMS symptoms and incidence. Studies were pooled for the analysis by using a random effects model in RevMan 5.0. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity using Stata 14.2 and RevMan 5.0.Results: In total, 17 studies were included, and the overall number of subjects with and without AMS was 1810 and3014, respectively. The age ranged from 10 to 76 years. Analysis of the 17 included studies showed that age was not associated with AMS(mean difference(MD)=0.10; 95%CI: —0.38-0.58; P=0.69).Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between age and the risk of AMS. Race, age,and ascent mode are common sources of heterogeneity, which may provide an analytical orientation for future heterogeneity analyses.展开更多
Background:When lowlanders rapidly ascend to altitudes>2500 m,they may develop acute mountain sickness(AMS).The individual susceptibility,ascending velocity,time spent at altitude,activity levels and altitude reach...Background:When lowlanders rapidly ascend to altitudes>2500 m,they may develop acute mountain sickness(AMS).The individual susceptibility,ascending velocity,time spent at altitude,activity levels and altitude reached are considered risk factors for AMS.However,it is not clear whether sex is a risk factor.The results have been inconclusive.We conducted a meta-analysis to test whether there were sex-based differences in the prevalence of AMS using Lake Louise Scoring System.Methods:Systematic searches were performed in August 2019 in EMBASE,PubMed,and Web of Science for prospective studies with AMS data for men and women.The titles and abstracts were independently checked in the primary screening step,and the selected full-text articles were independently assessed in the secondary screening step by the two authors(YPH and JLW)based on pre-defined inclusion criteria.The meta-analysis was performed using by the STATA 14.1 software program.A random-effects model was employed.Results:Eighteen eligible prospective studies were included.A total of 7669 participants(2639[34.4%]women)were tested.The results showed that there was a statistically significant higher prevalence rate of AMS in women than in men(RR=1.24,95%CI 1.09–1.41),regardless of age or race.However,the heterogeneity was significant in the analysis(Tau2=0.0403,Chi2=50.15,df=17;I2=66.1%,P=0.000),it was main caused by different numbers of subjects among the studies(coefficient=–2.17,P=0.049).Besides,the results showed that there was no evidence of significant publication bias in the combined studies on the basis of Egger’s test(bias coefficient=1.48,P=0.052)and Begg’s test(P=0.130).Conclusions:According to this study,the statistically significant finding emerging from this study was that women have a higher prevalence of AMS.However,the authors could not exclude studies where patients were on acetazolamide.Our analysis provided a direction for future studies of the relationship of sex and the risk of AMS,such as the pathological mechanism and prevention research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sick sinus syndrome is a common disease in cardiology.Typical symptoms include palpitations,dizziness,shortness of breath,chest tightness,and amaurosis.However,to date,there are no known reports of sick sin...BACKGROUND Sick sinus syndrome is a common disease in cardiology.Typical symptoms include palpitations,dizziness,shortness of breath,chest tightness,and amaurosis.However,to date,there are no known reports of sick sinus syndrome presenting with headache.Whether there is a correlation between headache and sick sinus syndrome merits further research.In this report,we describe a case of headache induced by sick sinus syndrome.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old female patient presented to our department with the chief complaint of recurrent paroxysmal headache for more than 7 years.The patient described paroxysmal palpations,usually headache occurring after palpitation.Her blood pressure was normal when the most recent headache occurred.A magnetic resonance imaging study and magnetic resonance angiography of the head at another center were normal.A clinical neurological examination was negative.A 24-h Holter electrocardiogram monitoring study showed sick sinus syndrome.The patient received dual chamber pacing implantation and was administered drug therapy to control ventricular rate.The patient’s paroxysmal headaches and palpitations had resolved within 1 year,confirmed via a follow-up telephone call.CONCLUSION After dual-chamber pacing implantation and drug therapy administration to control the ventricular rate,the patient’s paroxysmal headaches and palpitations had resolved within 1 year,confirmed via a follow-up telephone call.We believe that the headaches were related to the patient’s sick sinus syndrome.展开更多
Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a generalized abnormality of cardiac impulse formation. Patients with SSS occasionally need temporary pacing during general anesthesia. The most common issue arising in the perioperative p...Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a generalized abnormality of cardiac impulse formation. Patients with SSS occasionally need temporary pacing during general anesthesia. The most common issue arising in the perioperative period is electromagnetic interference with device function. We report a case of a 66-year-old man who required temporary cardiac pacing during maxillary cyst extirpation using electrocautery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Motion sickness(MS)is a disease that occurs during unbalanced movement,characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and autonomic nervous system activation.Current clinical treatments for MS are limited.Recen...BACKGROUND Motion sickness(MS)is a disease that occurs during unbalanced movement,characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and autonomic nervous system activation.Current clinical treatments for MS are limited.Recent evidence indicates that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines increase during MS and are associated with an inner ear immune imbalance.In the present study,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been shown to exert strong immunosuppressive effects.AIM To explore whether umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs)can prevent the occurrence of MS,and the underlying mechanism regulated by MSCs in a mouse model of MS.METHODS A total of 144(equal numbers of males and females)5wkold BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups:Normal group(n=16),MS group(n=32),MSCs group(n=32),MS+MSCs group(n=32),and MS+AS101/MSCs group(n=32).The MSCs group(n=32),MS+MSCs group(n=32),and MS+AS101/MSCs group(n=32)were preventively transplanted with UC-MSCs or AS101-treated UC-MSCs(1×106 cells/mouse).Mice in the MS(n=32),MS+MSCs,and MS+AS101/MSCs groups were subjected to rotation on a centrifuge for 10 min at 8×g/min for MS model establishment on days 3,5,8,and 10 after UC-MSCs injection.The Morris water maze(MWM)test was used to observe the symptom of dizziness.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)were used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines in mice peripheral blood and the petrous part of the temporal bone samples.Western blot analysis was performed to analyze the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the cochlear tissues.Histological examination was performed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for conventional morphological evaluation in the petrous part of temporal bone samples.RESULTS The MWM test demonstrated that UC-MSCs improved the symptoms of MS.The MS+MSCs group was faster than the MS group on days 3 and 5(P=0.036 and P=0.002,respectively).ELISA and RT-qPCR showed that the serum and mRNA levels of interleukin-10(IL-10)in the cochlear tissues were increased after transplantation with UC-MSCs(MS+MSCs group vs MS group at 3 and 5 d,P=0.002 and cP<0.001,respectively).RT-qPCR results confirmed a significant increase in IL-10 levels at four time points(MS+MSCs group vs MS group,P=0.009,P=0.009,P=0.048,and P=0.049,respectively).This suggested that UCMSCs reduced the sensitivity of the vestibular microenvironment by secreting IL-10.Moreover,Western blot analysis showed that the MSCs activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the cochlear tissues.The levels of IL-10,IL-10RA,JAK2,STAT3,and phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in the MS+MSCs group were increased compared to those of the MS group(P<0.05).The morphological changes in the four groups showed no significant differences.The role of IL-10 secretion on the ability of UC-MSCs to successfully improve the symptoms of MS was confirmed by the diminished therapeutic effects associated with treatment with the IL-10 inhibitor ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o′)tellurate(AS101).CONCLUSION Prophylactic transplantation of UC-MSCs can alleviate the clinical symptoms of MS in mice,particularly at 3-5 d after preventive transplantation.The mechanism for UC-MSCs to reduce the sensitivity of vestibular cortex imbalance may be the secretion of IL-10.The next step is to demonstrate the possibility of curing MS in the vestibular environment by intermittent transplantation of MSCs.Above all,MSCs are expected to become a new method for the clinical prevention and treatment of MS.展开更多
AIM To identify punitive transcriptional factor binding sites(TFBS) from regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms(rS NPs) that are significantly associated with disease.METHODS The genome-wide association studies ha...AIM To identify punitive transcriptional factor binding sites(TFBS) from regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms(rS NPs) that are significantly associated with disease.METHODS The genome-wide association studies have provided us with nearly 6500 disease or trait-predisposing SNPs where 93% are located within non-coding regions such as gene regulatory or intergenic areas of the genome. In the regulatory region of a gene, a SNP can change the DNA sequence of a transcriptional factor(TF) motif and in turn may affect the process of gene regulation. SNP changes that affect gene expression and impact gene regulatory sequences such as promoters, enhancers, and silencers are known as rS NPs. Computational tools can be used to identify unique punitive TFBS created by rS NPs that are associated with disease or sickness. Computational analysis was used to identify punitive TFBS generated by the alleles of these rS NPs.RESULTS r SNPs within nine genes that have been significantly associated with disease or sickness were used to illustrate the tremendous diversity of punitive unique TFBS that can be generated by their alleles. The genes studied are the adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 1, the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3, the activating transcription factor 3, the type 2 demodkinase gene, the endothetal Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 1, the lysosomal acid lipase A, the signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4, the thromboxane A2 receptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor A. From this sampling of SNPs among the nine genes, there are 73 potential unique TFBS generated by the common alleles comparedto 124 generated by the minor alleles indicating the tremendous diversity of potential TFs that are capable of regulating these genes.CONCLUSION From the diversity of unique punitive binding sites for TFs, it was found that some TFs play a role in the disease or sickness being studied.展开更多
In order to observate the long-term effect of acupuncture on SSS,the folow-uPsurvey was done after average 10.5 months on such aspects as patients’condition stability,symptoms,ECG examination and late clinical curati...In order to observate the long-term effect of acupuncture on SSS,the folow-uPsurvey was done after average 10.5 months on such aspects as patients’condition stability,symptoms,ECG examination and late clinical curative effect,etc.The results indicated,the obvious effect ratewas 55.17％,the total effective rate 82.76％,the late result decreased in some extent comparedwith those when leaving hospital,but there’s no statistical significance（P】0.05）.So,the longeerm effect of acupuncture on SSS is stable and good enough.展开更多
Aim To simulate the condition when people travel to the plateau. To make a primary investigation about the mice models, which are respectively provoked by exhaustive exercise, cold and fatigue, and epinephrine. Method...Aim To simulate the condition when people travel to the plateau. To make a primary investigation about the mice models, which are respectively provoked by exhaustive exercise, cold and fatigue, and epinephrine. Methods Divide the Kunming mice into 8 groups in random, with 10 in a single group, control group in plain; exhaustive exercise group in plain; fatigue ＆ cold group in plain; epinephrine stimulating group in plain; control group in plateau; exhaustive exercise group in plateau; fatigue ＆ cold group in plateau; epinephrine stimulating group in plateau. To simulate the condition when people travel to Lhasa whose altitude reaches 3700m, those mice were carried there during a five-day period. Day 1： Weight the mice after fasting for 12hrs, then treated different with corresponding methods. Day 2： Collect the data of mortality in each group and sacrifice the alive. Weight the cardiac, pulmonary and cerebral tissues and calculate for the Viscera Index. Results After the journey to the plat- eau, the weight of mice decreases significantly, in exhaustive exercise group and fatigue ＆ cold group also with the increase of pulmonary and cerebral index and decrease of cardiac index compared with groups in plain. As for those who are stimulated with epinephrine, the ones in plateau suffer more from pneumonedema but have a longer life span. The sensitivity to epinephrine can decrease in female mice in plateau, which can be reversed in plain. Con- clusions After the journey to plateau, acute plateau pneumonedema and cerebral edema can be provoked by ex- haustive exercise, fatigue and cold, and starvation; The severity of pneumonedema caused by epinephrine are relat- ed to the environment, strength and gender.展开更多
基金supported by the Institute Projects of China Tibetology Research Center in 2022(CTRC20226JS05).
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for preventing acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods: We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) which evalueded the effect of TCM for preventing AMS, compared with a placebo, no treatment or acetazolamide. The literature was searched in 6major databases. RevMan 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. The relative risk for discrete variables and the mean difference for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were applied to express the effect size. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk assessment tool 2.0(RoB 2.0), and the evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and the Development and Evaluation(GRADE) approach.Results: Twenty RCTs involving 3015 participants and 16 TCM patent drugs were included. The overall risk of bias in the majority of studies(15/20) was of some concerns. In terms of the AMS incidence,Rhodiola rosea(R. rosea, Hong Jing Tian) and Ginkgo biloba(G. biloba, Yin Xing Ye) were equivalent to the placebo/no treatment [RR(95% CI): 0.66(0.43-1.01), 0.82(0.63-1.06), respectively]. The AMS incidence in the G. biloba group was higher than that in the acetazolamide group [RR(95% CI): 2.92(1.69-5.06)]. In terms of improving the AMS symptom score on days 1 and 3 in the plateau, R. rosea and G. biloba were superior to the placebo or no treatment [MD(95% CI):-0.98(-1.71,-0.25),-2.05(-3.14,-0.95), respectively]. The other 14 Chinese patent medicines were evaluated in a single trial, and the majority of the results were negative. The subgroup analysis showed that the effect of R. rosea was related to the intervention time, way of ascending, and altitude.Conclusion: R. rosea and G. biloba were effective in improving AMS symptoms but had no effect in reducing the AMS incidence. There was insufficient evidence to support the use of other TCM patent drugs to prevent AMS. More randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials are warranted to evaluate and screen effective Chinese patent medicines for AMS prevention.
文摘Objective:Paid sick leave(PSL)laws mandate employers give workers paid time off when they are sick or injured.This current study aims to examine whether access to PSL is associated with healthcare utilization and health outcomes and to summarize the types of utilization and outcomes which have been reported to be associated with PSL.Methods:We conducted a rapid evidence review.Our search of seven databases,including Medline,Embase,PsycINFO,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Scopus,and JSTOR,on September 21,2020,identified 757 studies,30 of which were retained.Results:Previous evidence is mostly provided by cross-sectional studies with survey data.In this study,evidence suggests that PSL is significantly associated with some types of healthcare utilization and health outcomes.In terms of healthcare utilization,findings indicate PSL is associated with an increase in the use of some preventive sendees and a decrease in the use of emergency care;while findings are mixed regarding associations of PSL with health provider visits and the use of mammograms and pap smears.As for health outcomes,findings suggest PSL is associated with improved mental and self-rated health,decreased incidence of influenza-like illness,and lower occupational injuries and mortality rates.Conclusion:PSL may be an effective tool in improving some healthcare utilization and health outcomes.Future research could help identify mechanisms through which PSL access works and identify what policy components lead to better outcomes.
基金National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(2014ZX09J14102-02A)Special Topic on Military Health Care(17bjz41)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81170249 and 30700305).
文摘Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nationality male individuals were recruited to this research.Dynamic electrocardiogram,treadmill exercise test,echocardiography,routine blood examination and biochemical analysis were performed when subjects at sea level and entering the plateau respectively.Then multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a multiple linear regression equation using the Lake Louise Score as dependent variable to predict the risk factors at sea level related to acute mountain sickness(AMS).Results Approximately 49.05%of the individuals developed AMS.The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(22.0+2.66 vs.23.2+3.19 mm,t=l.998,P=0.048)was significantly lower in the AMS group at sea level,while count of eosinophil[(0.264+0.393)×109/L vs.(0.126+0.084)×109/L,t=-2.040,P—0.045],percentage of diflerences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals(PNN50,9.66%±5.40%vs.6.98%±5.66%,t=-2.229,P=0.028)and heart rate variability triangle index(57.1+16.1 vs.50.6+12.7,t=-2.271,P=0.025)were significantly higher.After acute exposure to high altitude,C-reactive protein(0.098+0.103 vs.0.062+0.045 g/L,t=-2.132,P=0.037),aspartate aminotransferase(19.7+6.7275.17,3±3.95 U/L,t=-2.231,P=0.028)and creatinine(85.1±12.9 vs.77.7±11.2 mmol/L,t=3.162,P=0.002)were significantly higher in the AMS group,while alkaline phosphatase(71.7+18.2 vs.80.6+20.2 U/L,t=2.389,P=0.019),standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals(126.5+35.9 vs.143.3+36.4 ms,t—2.320,P—0.022),ejection time(276.9+50.8 vs.313.8+48.9 ms,t—3.641,P—0.001)and heart rate variability triangle index(37.1+12.9 vs.41.9+11.1,t=2.O2O,P=0.047)were significantly lower.Using the Lake Louise Score as the dependent variable,prediction equation were established to estimate AMS:Lake Louise Score=3.783+0.281Xeosinophil-0.219Xalkaline phosphatase+O.O32XPNN50.Conclusions We elucidated the differences of pl^siological variables as well as noninvasive cardiovascular indicators for subjects after high altitude exposure compared with those at sea level.We also created an acute high altitude reaction early warning equation based on the physiological variables and noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level.
基金funded by grants from the Special Health Research Project,the Ministry of Health of China (01002012)
文摘Background: So far, there have been no measurements confirmed useful in diagnosing acute mountain sickness(AMS). The aim of this study was to determine the role of heart rate(HR) difference(ΔHR) and oxygen saturation(Sa O2) as objective risk factors in aiding the diagnosis of AMS.Methods: A total of 1,019 participants were assigned to either the acute exposure group(AEG): from 500 m to 3,700 m by flight within 2.5 hours(n=752); or the pre-acclimatization group(PAG): ascended to 4,400 m from 3,650 m within three hours by car after adapting 33 days at 3,650m(n=267). The questionnaires or measurements of resting Sa O2 and HR were completed between 18 and 24 hours before departure and after arrival.Results: Incidence of AMS was 61.3%(461) in AEG, with 46.1%(347) mild cases and 15.2%(114) severe cases. In PAG, the incidence was 38.9%(104), with 30.7%(82) mild cases and 8.2%(22) severe cases. The AMS subjects showed a significant increase in HR and a decrease in Sa O2 levels compared with the non-AMS subjects in both groups. ΔHR and post-exposure Sa O2 were significantly correlated with the Lake Louise Score(LLS) in both groups. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed the ΔHR >25 and Sa O2 <88% in AEG as well as ΔHR >15 and Sa O2 <86% in PAG to be independent risk factors of AMS. Combining these two measurements could specifically indicate participants with AMS, which showed a positive predictive value of 89% and specificity of 97% in AEG as well as 85% and 98% in PAG.Conclusion:ΔHR or Sa O2, as objective measurements, correlate with AMS. Combination of these two measurements may be useful as an additional specific and objective factor to further confirm the diagnosis of AMS.
文摘Objectives To evaluate the effect of thyroid hormone therapy with low dose of thyroxin on cardiac function in elderly patients with heart failure and sick euthyroid syndrome. Methods Forty-seven patients (33 males and 14 females, mean age 85.9+4.6 years,ranging from 80 to 99 years) with chronic heart failure (NYHA Ⅱ-Ⅳ) and low triiodothyronine (T3) state were randomly allocated to the treatment group or control group. The treatment group patients received oral administration of levothyroxine sodium (Euthyrox) 25-50mg/d in addition to conventional therapy of heart failure, whereas patients in control group were given conventional therapy only. Serum level of total T3 (TT3), free T3 (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. For both groups, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stroke volume (SV) were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography before and at 8 weeks after treatment. The changes of these parameters after the treatment were evaluated by adjusting heart rate in the two groups. Results The reduced serum T3 level in the treatment group was corrected after thyroid hormone therapy,and these patients had a significant improvement in cardiac function after treatment. By contrast, in the control group only changes of serum TT3 and TT4 levels and SV and LVEF after treatment were statistically significant. The heart rate-adjusted mean SV and LVEF in both groups were also increased, which was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusion In the elderly patients with heart failure and sick euthyroid syndrome, addition of thyroxine at a low dosage to the conventional treatment could effectively improve the low T3 state and cardiac function independent of changes of heart rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81372125)
文摘Background: People rapidly ascending to high altitudes(>2500m) may suffer from acute mountain sickness(AMS). The association between smoking and AMS risk remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between smoking and AMS risk.Methods: The association between smoking and AMS risk was determined according to predefined criteria established by our team. Meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included all relevant studies listed in the Pub Med and Embase databases as of September 2015 in this meta-analysis and performed systemic searches using the terms "smoking", "acute mountain sickness" and "risk factor". The included studies were required to provide clear explanations regarding their definitions of smoking, the final altitudes reached by their participants and the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose AMS. Odds ratios(ORs) were used to evaluate the association between smoking and AMS risk across the studies, and the Q statistic was used to test OR heterogeneity, which was considered significant when P<0.05. We also computed 95% confidence intervals(CIs). Data extracted from the articles were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3(Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK).Results: We used seven case-control studies including 694 smoking patients and 1986 non-smoking controls to analyze the association between smoking and AMS risk. We observed a significant association between AMS and smoking(OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.52–0.96, P=0.03).Conclusion: We determined that smoking may protect against AMS development. However, we do not advise smoking to prevent AMS. More studies are necessary to confirm the role of smoking in AMS risk.
基金supported by grants from the Research Project of PLA(BLJ18J007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730054)the Ministry of Health of China(201002012)。
文摘Background:Acute mountain sickness(AMS)is the mildest form of acute altitude illnesses,and consists of nonspecific symptoms when unacclimatized persons ascend to elevation of≥2500 m.Risk factors of AMS include:the altitude,individual susceptibility,ascending rate and degree of pre-acclimatization.In the current study,we examined whether physiological response at low altitude could predict the development of AMS.Methods:A total of 111 healthy adult healthy volunteers participated in this trial;and 99(67 men and 32 women)completed the entire study protocol.Subjects were asked to complete a 9-min exercise program using a mechanically braked bicycle ergometer at low altitude(500 m).Heart rate,blood pressure(BP)and pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2)were recorded prior to and during the last minute of exercise.The ascent from 500 m to 4100 m was completed in 2 days.AMS was defined as≥3 points in a 4-item Lake Louise Score,with at least one point from headache wat 6–8 h after the ascent.Results:Among the 99 assessable subjects,47(23 men and 24 women)developed AMS at 4100 m.In comparison to the subjects without AMS,those who developed AMS had lower proportion of men(48.9%vs.84.6%,P<0.001),height(168.4±5.9 cm vs.171.3±6.1 cm,P=0.019),weight(62.0±10.0 kg vs.66.7±8.6 kg,P=0.014)and proportion of smokers(23.4%vs.51.9%,P=0.004).Multivariate regression analysis revealed the following independent risks for AMS:female sex(odds ratio(OR)=6.32,P<0.001),SpO2 change upon exercise at low altitude(OR=0.63,P=0.002)and systolic BP change after the ascent(OR=0.96,P=0.029).Women had larger reduction in SpO2 after the ascent,higher AMS percentage and absolute AMS score.Larger reduction of SpO2 after exercise was associated with both AMS incidence(P=0.001)and AMS score(P<0.001)in men but not in women.Conclusions:Larger SpO2 reduction after exercise at low altitude was an independent risk for AMS upon ascent.Such an association was more robust in men than in women.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registration,ChiCTR1900025728.Registered 6 September 2019.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81571843 and No.41201090)
文摘Background: Acute mountain sickness(AMS) is a potentially lethal condition caused by acute hypoxia after ascending to altitudes higher than 2500 m in a short time. The main symptom of AMS is headache. Numerous risk factors of AMS have been examined, including gender, obesity, ascent rate, age and individual susceptibility. In previous studies, age was considered a predisposing factor for AMS. However, different opinions have been raised in recent years. To clarify the association between AMS and age, we conducted this meta-analysis.Methods: We obtained observational studies that explored risk factors for AMS by searching PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI), the Wanfang database and CQVIP for articles published before March 2017.The studies included were required to provide the mean age and its standard deviation for subjects with and without AMS, the maximum altitude attained and the mode of ascent. The Lake Louse Score(LLS) or the Chinese AMS score(CAS) was used to judge the severity of AMS symptoms and incidence. Studies were pooled for the analysis by using a random effects model in RevMan 5.0. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity using Stata 14.2 and RevMan 5.0.Results: In total, 17 studies were included, and the overall number of subjects with and without AMS was 1810 and3014, respectively. The age ranged from 10 to 76 years. Analysis of the 17 included studies showed that age was not associated with AMS(mean difference(MD)=0.10; 95%CI: —0.38-0.58; P=0.69).Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between age and the risk of AMS. Race, age,and ascent mode are common sources of heterogeneity, which may provide an analytical orientation for future heterogeneity analyses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571843)the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0607)the Key Special Program of Logistic Scientific Research of PLA(BLJ18J005)。
文摘Background:When lowlanders rapidly ascend to altitudes>2500 m,they may develop acute mountain sickness(AMS).The individual susceptibility,ascending velocity,time spent at altitude,activity levels and altitude reached are considered risk factors for AMS.However,it is not clear whether sex is a risk factor.The results have been inconclusive.We conducted a meta-analysis to test whether there were sex-based differences in the prevalence of AMS using Lake Louise Scoring System.Methods:Systematic searches were performed in August 2019 in EMBASE,PubMed,and Web of Science for prospective studies with AMS data for men and women.The titles and abstracts were independently checked in the primary screening step,and the selected full-text articles were independently assessed in the secondary screening step by the two authors(YPH and JLW)based on pre-defined inclusion criteria.The meta-analysis was performed using by the STATA 14.1 software program.A random-effects model was employed.Results:Eighteen eligible prospective studies were included.A total of 7669 participants(2639[34.4%]women)were tested.The results showed that there was a statistically significant higher prevalence rate of AMS in women than in men(RR=1.24,95%CI 1.09–1.41),regardless of age or race.However,the heterogeneity was significant in the analysis(Tau2=0.0403,Chi2=50.15,df=17;I2=66.1%,P=0.000),it was main caused by different numbers of subjects among the studies(coefficient=–2.17,P=0.049).Besides,the results showed that there was no evidence of significant publication bias in the combined studies on the basis of Egger’s test(bias coefficient=1.48,P=0.052)and Begg’s test(P=0.130).Conclusions:According to this study,the statistically significant finding emerging from this study was that women have a higher prevalence of AMS.However,the authors could not exclude studies where patients were on acetazolamide.Our analysis provided a direction for future studies of the relationship of sex and the risk of AMS,such as the pathological mechanism and prevention research.
基金Supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No.2020YJ0197the Chengdu Medical Research Project,No.2019115.
文摘BACKGROUND Sick sinus syndrome is a common disease in cardiology.Typical symptoms include palpitations,dizziness,shortness of breath,chest tightness,and amaurosis.However,to date,there are no known reports of sick sinus syndrome presenting with headache.Whether there is a correlation between headache and sick sinus syndrome merits further research.In this report,we describe a case of headache induced by sick sinus syndrome.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old female patient presented to our department with the chief complaint of recurrent paroxysmal headache for more than 7 years.The patient described paroxysmal palpations,usually headache occurring after palpitation.Her blood pressure was normal when the most recent headache occurred.A magnetic resonance imaging study and magnetic resonance angiography of the head at another center were normal.A clinical neurological examination was negative.A 24-h Holter electrocardiogram monitoring study showed sick sinus syndrome.The patient received dual chamber pacing implantation and was administered drug therapy to control ventricular rate.The patient’s paroxysmal headaches and palpitations had resolved within 1 year,confirmed via a follow-up telephone call.CONCLUSION After dual-chamber pacing implantation and drug therapy administration to control the ventricular rate,the patient’s paroxysmal headaches and palpitations had resolved within 1 year,confirmed via a follow-up telephone call.We believe that the headaches were related to the patient’s sick sinus syndrome.
文摘Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a generalized abnormality of cardiac impulse formation. Patients with SSS occasionally need temporary pacing during general anesthesia. The most common issue arising in the perioperative period is electromagnetic interference with device function. We report a case of a 66-year-old man who required temporary cardiac pacing during maxillary cyst extirpation using electrocautery.
基金Supported by Department of Science&Technology of Shandong Province,No.ZR2018MH012Quancheng Industrial Leader Project,No.2017018Ji'nan Science and Technology Development Foundation,No.201704066.
文摘BACKGROUND Motion sickness(MS)is a disease that occurs during unbalanced movement,characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and autonomic nervous system activation.Current clinical treatments for MS are limited.Recent evidence indicates that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines increase during MS and are associated with an inner ear immune imbalance.In the present study,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been shown to exert strong immunosuppressive effects.AIM To explore whether umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs)can prevent the occurrence of MS,and the underlying mechanism regulated by MSCs in a mouse model of MS.METHODS A total of 144(equal numbers of males and females)5wkold BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups:Normal group(n=16),MS group(n=32),MSCs group(n=32),MS+MSCs group(n=32),and MS+AS101/MSCs group(n=32).The MSCs group(n=32),MS+MSCs group(n=32),and MS+AS101/MSCs group(n=32)were preventively transplanted with UC-MSCs or AS101-treated UC-MSCs(1×106 cells/mouse).Mice in the MS(n=32),MS+MSCs,and MS+AS101/MSCs groups were subjected to rotation on a centrifuge for 10 min at 8×g/min for MS model establishment on days 3,5,8,and 10 after UC-MSCs injection.The Morris water maze(MWM)test was used to observe the symptom of dizziness.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)were used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines in mice peripheral blood and the petrous part of the temporal bone samples.Western blot analysis was performed to analyze the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the cochlear tissues.Histological examination was performed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for conventional morphological evaluation in the petrous part of temporal bone samples.RESULTS The MWM test demonstrated that UC-MSCs improved the symptoms of MS.The MS+MSCs group was faster than the MS group on days 3 and 5(P=0.036 and P=0.002,respectively).ELISA and RT-qPCR showed that the serum and mRNA levels of interleukin-10(IL-10)in the cochlear tissues were increased after transplantation with UC-MSCs(MS+MSCs group vs MS group at 3 and 5 d,P=0.002 and cP<0.001,respectively).RT-qPCR results confirmed a significant increase in IL-10 levels at four time points(MS+MSCs group vs MS group,P=0.009,P=0.009,P=0.048,and P=0.049,respectively).This suggested that UCMSCs reduced the sensitivity of the vestibular microenvironment by secreting IL-10.Moreover,Western blot analysis showed that the MSCs activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the cochlear tissues.The levels of IL-10,IL-10RA,JAK2,STAT3,and phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 in the MS+MSCs group were increased compared to those of the MS group(P<0.05).The morphological changes in the four groups showed no significant differences.The role of IL-10 secretion on the ability of UC-MSCs to successfully improve the symptoms of MS was confirmed by the diminished therapeutic effects associated with treatment with the IL-10 inhibitor ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o′)tellurate(AS101).CONCLUSION Prophylactic transplantation of UC-MSCs can alleviate the clinical symptoms of MS in mice,particularly at 3-5 d after preventive transplantation.The mechanism for UC-MSCs to reduce the sensitivity of vestibular cortex imbalance may be the secretion of IL-10.The next step is to demonstrate the possibility of curing MS in the vestibular environment by intermittent transplantation of MSCs.Above all,MSCs are expected to become a new method for the clinical prevention and treatment of MS.
文摘AIM To identify punitive transcriptional factor binding sites(TFBS) from regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms(rS NPs) that are significantly associated with disease.METHODS The genome-wide association studies have provided us with nearly 6500 disease or trait-predisposing SNPs where 93% are located within non-coding regions such as gene regulatory or intergenic areas of the genome. In the regulatory region of a gene, a SNP can change the DNA sequence of a transcriptional factor(TF) motif and in turn may affect the process of gene regulation. SNP changes that affect gene expression and impact gene regulatory sequences such as promoters, enhancers, and silencers are known as rS NPs. Computational tools can be used to identify unique punitive TFBS created by rS NPs that are associated with disease or sickness. Computational analysis was used to identify punitive TFBS generated by the alleles of these rS NPs.RESULTS r SNPs within nine genes that have been significantly associated with disease or sickness were used to illustrate the tremendous diversity of punitive unique TFBS that can be generated by their alleles. The genes studied are the adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 1, the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3, the activating transcription factor 3, the type 2 demodkinase gene, the endothetal Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 1, the lysosomal acid lipase A, the signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4, the thromboxane A2 receptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor A. From this sampling of SNPs among the nine genes, there are 73 potential unique TFBS generated by the common alleles comparedto 124 generated by the minor alleles indicating the tremendous diversity of potential TFs that are capable of regulating these genes.CONCLUSION From the diversity of unique punitive binding sites for TFs, it was found that some TFs play a role in the disease or sickness being studied.
文摘In order to observate the long-term effect of acupuncture on SSS,the folow-uPsurvey was done after average 10.5 months on such aspects as patients’condition stability,symptoms,ECG examination and late clinical curative effect,etc.The results indicated,the obvious effect ratewas 55.17％,the total effective rate 82.76％,the late result decreased in some extent comparedwith those when leaving hospital,but there’s no statistical significance（P】0.05）.So,the longeerm effect of acupuncture on SSS is stable and good enough.
文摘Aim To simulate the condition when people travel to the plateau. To make a primary investigation about the mice models, which are respectively provoked by exhaustive exercise, cold and fatigue, and epinephrine. Methods Divide the Kunming mice into 8 groups in random, with 10 in a single group, control group in plain; exhaustive exercise group in plain; fatigue ＆ cold group in plain; epinephrine stimulating group in plain; control group in plateau; exhaustive exercise group in plateau; fatigue ＆ cold group in plateau; epinephrine stimulating group in plateau. To simulate the condition when people travel to Lhasa whose altitude reaches 3700m, those mice were carried there during a five-day period. Day 1： Weight the mice after fasting for 12hrs, then treated different with corresponding methods. Day 2： Collect the data of mortality in each group and sacrifice the alive. Weight the cardiac, pulmonary and cerebral tissues and calculate for the Viscera Index. Results After the journey to the plat- eau, the weight of mice decreases significantly, in exhaustive exercise group and fatigue ＆ cold group also with the increase of pulmonary and cerebral index and decrease of cardiac index compared with groups in plain. As for those who are stimulated with epinephrine, the ones in plateau suffer more from pneumonedema but have a longer life span. The sensitivity to epinephrine can decrease in female mice in plateau, which can be reversed in plain. Con- clusions After the journey to plateau, acute plateau pneumonedema and cerebral edema can be provoked by ex- haustive exercise, fatigue and cold, and starvation; The severity of pneumonedema caused by epinephrine are relat- ed to the environment, strength and gender.
