SIL1,an endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-resident protein,is reported to play a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the effect of SIL1 on amyloid precursor protein(APP)processing remains unclear.In this study...SIL1,an endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-resident protein,is reported to play a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the effect of SIL1 on amyloid precursor protein(APP)processing remains unclear.In this study,the role of SIL1 in APP processing was explored both in vitro and in vivo.In the in vitro experiment,SIL1 was either overexpressed or knocked down in cells stably expressing the human Swedish mutant APP695.In the in vivo experiment,AAV-SIL1-EGFP or AAV-EGFP was microinjected into APP23/PS45 mice and their wild-type littermates.Western blotting(WB),immunohistochemistry,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and behavioral experiments were performed to evaluate the relevant parameters.Results indicated that SIL1 expression decreased in APP23/PS45 mice.Overexpression of SIL1 significantly decreased the protein levels of APP,presenilin-1(PS1),and C-terminal fragments(CTFs)of APP in vivo and in vitro.Conversely,knockdown of SIL1 increased the protein levels of APP,β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1(BACE1),PS1,and CTFs,as well as APP mRNA expression in 2EB2 cells.Furthermore,SIL1 overexpression reduced the number of senile plaques in APP23/PS45 mice.Importantly,Y-maze and Morris Water maze tests demonstrated that SIL1 overexpression improved cognitive impairment in APP23/PS45 mice.These findings indicate that SIL1 improves cognitive impairment in APP23/PS45 mice by inhibiting APP amyloidogenic processing and suggest that SIL1 is a potential therapeutic target for AD by modulating APP processing.展开更多
目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) SIL对肺炎链球菌感染的肺上皮细胞细胞增殖、凋亡及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/Smads通路的影响。方法:运用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测lncRNA SIL在人肺泡上皮细胞株A549、HEPApiC、肺泡Ⅱ型细胞(AECⅡ)以及...目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) SIL对肺炎链球菌感染的肺上皮细胞细胞增殖、凋亡及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/Smads通路的影响。方法:运用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测lncRNA SIL在人肺泡上皮细胞株A549、HEPApiC、肺泡Ⅱ型细胞(AECⅡ)以及被肺炎链球菌R6感染的A549、HEPApiC、AECⅡ细胞的表达,显示其表达在R6感染的A549细胞中最高,故应用A549细胞进行后续实验。将A549细胞随机分为A549组(常规培养)、A549+R6组(用R6感染A549细胞)、lncRNA SIL mimic组(在A549细胞中转染lncRNA SIL mimic,并用R6感染细胞)和lncRNA SIL siRNA组(在A549细胞中转染lncRNA SIL siRNA,并用R6感染细胞)。采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖情况。采用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡情况。采用免疫印迹法检测TGF-β1/Smads通路相关蛋白表达,并设立TGF-β1/Smads通路抑制剂组进行对照。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组炎症因子表达。结果:与A549组比较,A549+R6组lncRNA SIL表达升高(P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组lncRNA SIL表达升高,lncRNA SIL siRNA组表达降低(均P<0.05)。与lncRNA SIL mimic组比较,lncRNA SIL siRNA组lncRNA SIL表达降低(P<0.05)。与A549组比较,A549+R6组不同时间细胞增殖率降低(均P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组不同时间细胞增殖率降低,lncRNA SIL siRNA组不同时间细胞增殖率升高(均P<0.05)。与A549组比较,A549+R6组细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组细胞凋亡率增加,lncRNA SIL siRNA组细胞凋亡率降低(均P<0.05)。与A549组比较,A549+R6组TGF-β1、Smad 2、Smad 3蛋白表达升高,Smad 6、Smad 7蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组TGF-β1、Smad 2、Smad 3蛋白表达升高,Smad 6、Smad 7蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL siRNA组TGF-β1、Smad 2、Smad 3蛋白表达降低,Smad 6、Smad 7蛋白表达升高(均P<0.05)。lncRNA SIL siRNA组与抑制剂组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与A549组比较,A549+R6组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素细胞-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6水平升高(均P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平升高,lncRNA SIL siRNA组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平降低(均P<0.05)。结论:肺炎链球菌感染后,沉默lncRNA SIL可逆转肺上皮细胞凋亡增加及增殖减少的情况,并抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路激活,减少炎症因子释放,从而抑制炎性反应。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230043,82293642)。
文摘SIL1,an endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-resident protein,is reported to play a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the effect of SIL1 on amyloid precursor protein(APP)processing remains unclear.In this study,the role of SIL1 in APP processing was explored both in vitro and in vivo.In the in vitro experiment,SIL1 was either overexpressed or knocked down in cells stably expressing the human Swedish mutant APP695.In the in vivo experiment,AAV-SIL1-EGFP or AAV-EGFP was microinjected into APP23/PS45 mice and their wild-type littermates.Western blotting(WB),immunohistochemistry,RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and behavioral experiments were performed to evaluate the relevant parameters.Results indicated that SIL1 expression decreased in APP23/PS45 mice.Overexpression of SIL1 significantly decreased the protein levels of APP,presenilin-1(PS1),and C-terminal fragments(CTFs)of APP in vivo and in vitro.Conversely,knockdown of SIL1 increased the protein levels of APP,β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1(BACE1),PS1,and CTFs,as well as APP mRNA expression in 2EB2 cells.Furthermore,SIL1 overexpression reduced the number of senile plaques in APP23/PS45 mice.Importantly,Y-maze and Morris Water maze tests demonstrated that SIL1 overexpression improved cognitive impairment in APP23/PS45 mice.These findings indicate that SIL1 improves cognitive impairment in APP23/PS45 mice by inhibiting APP amyloidogenic processing and suggest that SIL1 is a potential therapeutic target for AD by modulating APP processing.
文摘为确保某压气站的安全仪表系统(SIS)的完整性和可靠性,针对该压气站的SIS以及压缩机的 SIS 系统开展安全完整性等级(SIL)评估和验证计算工作。首先对保护层分析法(LOPA)和SIL验证方法进行理论介绍,基于实际案例,应用 LOPA法对站内所有的安全仪表系统进行分析,识别保护层的有效性,对各安全仪表回路的 SIL 等级进行定级和验证。结果表明,站内的SIF回路均满足要求,此次 SIL 定级和验证结果也证明了该定级方法的准确性和保守性。
文摘目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) SIL对肺炎链球菌感染的肺上皮细胞细胞增殖、凋亡及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/Smads通路的影响。方法:运用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测lncRNA SIL在人肺泡上皮细胞株A549、HEPApiC、肺泡Ⅱ型细胞(AECⅡ)以及被肺炎链球菌R6感染的A549、HEPApiC、AECⅡ细胞的表达,显示其表达在R6感染的A549细胞中最高,故应用A549细胞进行后续实验。将A549细胞随机分为A549组(常规培养)、A549+R6组(用R6感染A549细胞)、lncRNA SIL mimic组(在A549细胞中转染lncRNA SIL mimic,并用R6感染细胞)和lncRNA SIL siRNA组(在A549细胞中转染lncRNA SIL siRNA,并用R6感染细胞)。采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖情况。采用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡情况。采用免疫印迹法检测TGF-β1/Smads通路相关蛋白表达,并设立TGF-β1/Smads通路抑制剂组进行对照。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组炎症因子表达。结果:与A549组比较,A549+R6组lncRNA SIL表达升高(P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组lncRNA SIL表达升高,lncRNA SIL siRNA组表达降低(均P<0.05)。与lncRNA SIL mimic组比较,lncRNA SIL siRNA组lncRNA SIL表达降低(P<0.05)。与A549组比较,A549+R6组不同时间细胞增殖率降低(均P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组不同时间细胞增殖率降低,lncRNA SIL siRNA组不同时间细胞增殖率升高(均P<0.05)。与A549组比较,A549+R6组细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组细胞凋亡率增加,lncRNA SIL siRNA组细胞凋亡率降低(均P<0.05)。与A549组比较,A549+R6组TGF-β1、Smad 2、Smad 3蛋白表达升高,Smad 6、Smad 7蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组TGF-β1、Smad 2、Smad 3蛋白表达升高,Smad 6、Smad 7蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL siRNA组TGF-β1、Smad 2、Smad 3蛋白表达降低,Smad 6、Smad 7蛋白表达升高(均P<0.05)。lncRNA SIL siRNA组与抑制剂组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与A549组比较,A549+R6组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素细胞-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6水平升高(均P<0.05)。与A549+R6组比较,lncRNA SIL mimic组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平升高,lncRNA SIL siRNA组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平降低(均P<0.05)。结论:肺炎链球菌感染后,沉默lncRNA SIL可逆转肺上皮细胞凋亡增加及增殖减少的情况,并抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路激活,减少炎症因子释放,从而抑制炎性反应。
