Objective: To develop the representative fingerprint for the quality control of placenta polypeptide injection. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (250 mm 4.6 mm...Objective: To develop the representative fingerprint for the quality control of placenta polypeptide injection. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm) maintained at 30 1C. 0.1% aqueous trifiuoroacetic acid (Solvent A) and acetonitrile contained 0.1% TFA (Solvent B) were used as mobile phase with a gradient elution. Detection wavelength was 280 nm with the sample injection volume of 50 mL; the fiow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The fingerprints of different samples were investigated by similarity analysis. Results: Nine peaks were identified as the characteristic common peaks. The similarities of the fingerprints of the 10 batches of samples were above 0.992. Conclusion: This method showed high precision and good repeatability, and provided the basis for the improvement of the quality control of placenta polypeptide injection.展开更多
A novel multivariate similarity clustering analysis (MSCA) approach was used to estimate a biogeographical division scheme for the global terrestrial fauna and was compared against other widely used clustering algorit...A novel multivariate similarity clustering analysis (MSCA) approach was used to estimate a biogeographical division scheme for the global terrestrial fauna and was compared against other widely used clustering algorithms. The faunal dataset included almost all terrestrial and freshwater fauna, a total of 4631 families, 141,814 genera, and 1,334,834 species. Our findings demonstrated that suitable results were only obtained with the MSCA method, which was associated with distinct hierarchies, reasonable structuring, and furthermore, conformed to biogeographical criteria. A total of seven kingdoms and 20 sub-kingdoms were identified. We discovered that the clustering results for the higher and lower animals did not differ significantly, leading us to consider that the analysis result is convincing as the first zoogeographical division scheme for global all terrestrial animals.展开更多
This study aims to reveal the social representation of fintech from the perspective of traditional financial sector professionals in Brazil—herein used as a proxy for emerging markets—to interpret and compare it wit...This study aims to reveal the social representation of fintech from the perspective of traditional financial sector professionals in Brazil—herein used as a proxy for emerging markets—to interpret and compare it with the scientific literature on the concept of fintech.To achieve this,we applied the social representations theory associated with the word evocation test,similarity analysis,and descending hierarchical classification.After analyzing the results,we perceived a partial misalignment between the existing literature on the concept of fintech and the perspective of traditional financial sector professionals concerning this construct.In contrast to the literature surveyed,the respondents lack perception regarding the potential of fintech to constitute disruptive technology for the traditional financial sector—radically transforming or even eliminating it.In addition,traditional financial sector professionals have little insight into the potential of fintech to financially include the low-income population,owing to their lower costs and greater ease of use.Finally,traditional financial sector professionals failed to appreciate the need to develop a legal and regulatory framework for the performance of fintech in emerging markets.This is a subject that has also been scantly addressed by academia.展开更多
We characterized variations in bacterioplankton community composition(BCC) in mesocosms subject to three different treatments. Two groups contained fish(group one: Cyprinus carpio; group two: Hypophthalmichthys molitr...We characterized variations in bacterioplankton community composition(BCC) in mesocosms subject to three different treatments. Two groups contained fish(group one: Cyprinus carpio; group two: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix); and group three, the untreated mesocosm, was the control. Samples were taken seven times over a 49-d period, and BCC was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and real-time quantitative PCR(q PCR). Results revealed that introduction of C. carpio and H. molitrix had a remarkable impact on the composition of bacterioplankton communities, and the BCC was significantly diff erent between each treatment. Sequencing of DGGE bands revealed that the bacterioplankton community in the different treatment groups was consistent at a taxonomic level, but differed in its abundance. H. molitrix promoted the richness of Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while more bands affiliated to Cyanobacteria were detected in C. carpio mesocosms. The redundancy analysis(RDA) result demonstrated that the BCC was closely related to the bottom-up(total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biomass) and top-down forces(biomass of copepods and cladocera) in C. carpio and control mesocosms, respectively. We found no evidence for top-down regulation of BCC by zooplankton in H. molitrix mesocosms, while grazing by protozoa(heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates) became the major way to regulate BCC. Total bacterioplankton abundances were significantly higher in C. carpio mesocosms because of high nutrient concentration and suspended solids. Our study provided insights into the relationship between fish and bacterioplankton at species level, leading to a deep understanding of the function of the microbial loop and the aquatic ecosystem.展开更多
The spoofing capability of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)represents an important confrontational capability for navigation security,and the success of planned missions may depend on the effective evaluation ...The spoofing capability of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)represents an important confrontational capability for navigation security,and the success of planned missions may depend on the effective evaluation of spoofing capability.However,current evaluation systems face challenges arising from the irrationality of previous weighting methods,inapplicability of the conventional multi-attribute decision-making method and uncertainty existing in evaluation.To solve these difficulties,considering the validity of the obtained results,an evaluation method based on the game aggregated weight model and a joint approach involving the grey relational analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(GRA-TOPSIS)are firstly proposed to determine the optimal scheme.Static and dynamic evaluation results under different schemes are then obtained via a fuzzy comprehensive assessment and an improved dynamic game method,to prioritize the deceptive efficacy of the equipment accurately and make pointed improvement for its core performance.The use of judging indicators,including Spearman rank correlation coefficient and so on,combined with obtained evaluation results,demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method and the optimal scheme by the horizontal comparison of different methods and vertical comparison of evaluation results.Finally,the results of field measurements and simulation tests show that the proposed method can better overcome the difficulties of existing methods and realize the effective evaluation.展开更多
It recently becomes an important and urgent mission for modern scientific research to identify and explain the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has been utilized in China for more than four millennia...It recently becomes an important and urgent mission for modern scientific research to identify and explain the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has been utilized in China for more than four millennia. Since few works have been contributed to understanding the TCM theory, the mechanism of actions of drugs with cold/hot properties remains unclear. In the present study, six kinds of typical herbs with cold or hot properties were orally administered into mice, and serum and liver samples were analyzed using an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) based metabolomics approach coupled with similarity analysis. This approach was performed to identify and quantify changes in metabolic pathways to elucidate drug actions on the treated mice. Our results showed that those drugs with same property exerted similar effects on the metabolic alterations in mouse serum and liver samples, while drugs with different property showed different effects. The effects of herbal medicines with cold/hot properties were exerted by regulating the pathways linked to glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acids metabolism and other metabolic pathways. The results elucidated the differences and similarities of drugs with cold/hot properties, providing useful information on the explanation of medicinal properties of these TCMs.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology has been widely used to create artificial rock samples in rock mechanics.While 3D printing can create complex fractures,the material still lacks sufficient similarity to natura...Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology has been widely used to create artificial rock samples in rock mechanics.While 3D printing can create complex fractures,the material still lacks sufficient similarity to natural rock.Extrusion free forming(EFF)is a 3D printing technique that uses clay as the printing material and cures the specimens through high-temperature sintering.In this study,we attempted to use the EFF technology to fabricate artificial rock specimens.The results show the physico-mechanical properties of the specimens are significantly affected by the sintering temperature,while the nozzle diameter and layer thickness also have a certain impact.The specimens are primarily composed of SiO_(2),with mineral compositions similar to that of natural rocks.The density,uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),elastic modulus,and tensile strength of the printed specimens fall in the range of 1.65–2.54 g/cm3,16.46–50.49 MPa,2.17–13.35 GPa,and 0.82–17.18 MPa,respectively.It is capable of simulating different types of rocks,especially mudstone,sandstone,limestone,and gneiss.However,the simulation of hard rocks with UCS exceeding 50 MPa still requires validation.展开更多
Virtual personal assistants(VPAs),such as Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant,are software agents designed to perform tasks or provide services to individuals in response to user commands.VPAs extend their functions thr...Virtual personal assistants(VPAs),such as Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant,are software agents designed to perform tasks or provide services to individuals in response to user commands.VPAs extend their functions through third-party voice apps,thereby attracting more users to use VPA-equipped products.Previous studies demonstrate vulnerabilities in the certification,installation,and usage of these third-party voice apps.However,these studies focus on individual apps.To the best of our knowledge,there is no prior research that explores the correlations among voice apps.Voice apps represent a new type of applications that interact with users mainly through a voice user interface instead of a graphical user interface,requiring a distinct approach to analysis.In this study,we present a novel voice app similarity analysis approach to analyze voice apps in the market from a new perspective.Our approach,called SkillSim,detects similarities among voice apps(i.e.skills)based on two dimensions:text similarity and structure similarity.SkillSim measures 30,000 voice apps in the Amazon skill market and reveals that more than 25.9%have at least one other skill with a text similarity greater than 70%.Our analysis identifies several factors that contribute to a high number of similar skills,including the assistant development platforms and their limited templates.Additionally,we observe interesting phenomena,such as developers or platforms creating multiple similar skills with different accounts for purposes such as advertising.Furthermore,we also find that some assistant development platforms develop multiple similar but non-compliant skills,such as requesting user privacy in a non-compliance way,which poses a security risk.Based on the similarity analysis results,we have a deeper understanding of voice apps in the mainstream market.展开更多
To reduce harmful sulfur content in lubricant additives, making use of isosterism has been shown to be an effective strategy. When thiobenzothiazole compounds were used as templates, the exchange of sulfur atoms in th...To reduce harmful sulfur content in lubricant additives, making use of isosterism has been shown to be an effective strategy. When thiobenzothiazole compounds were used as templates, the exchange of sulfur atoms in the thiazole ring with oxygen atoms and NH groups produced twelve isosteres. Similarly, 2-benzothiazole- S-carboxylic acid esters were used as template molecules to produce six isosteres. About 30% of the isosteres exhibited a satisfactory deviation of ±5% relative to the template, ignoring the specific changes in the base oils, the differences in molecular structure, and the friction or wear properties. The template molecules and isosteres in triisodecyl trimellitate exhibited better tribological properties than in trimethylolpropane trioleate or bis(2- ethylhexyl) adipate. Comparative molecular field analysis(CoM FA)- and comparative molecular similarity index analysis(CoMSIA)-quantitative structure tribo-ability relationship(QSTR) models were employed to study the correlation of molecular structures between the base oils and additives. The models indicate that the higher the structural similarities of the base oils and additives are, the more synergetic the molecular force fields of the lubricating system are; the molecular force fields creating synergistic effects will improve tribological performance.展开更多
Traditional quality inspection based product quality evaluation method with complex process has high operating cost and requires more professional knowledge. To remove the above limitation, this paper leads product ge...Traditional quality inspection based product quality evaluation method with complex process has high operating cost and requires more professional knowledge. To remove the above limitation, this paper leads product gene theory into product quality evaluation. Methods of quality influencing factors based modeling and encoding are established. Combined with similarity theory and product gene theory, a product gene similarity analysis based quality evaluation method is proposed. The proposed method is low cost, operates easily and requires less specialized knowledge. A case study is conducted to prove the correctness and feasibility of this method.展开更多
文摘Objective: To develop the representative fingerprint for the quality control of placenta polypeptide injection. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm) maintained at 30 1C. 0.1% aqueous trifiuoroacetic acid (Solvent A) and acetonitrile contained 0.1% TFA (Solvent B) were used as mobile phase with a gradient elution. Detection wavelength was 280 nm with the sample injection volume of 50 mL; the fiow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The fingerprints of different samples were investigated by similarity analysis. Results: Nine peaks were identified as the characteristic common peaks. The similarities of the fingerprints of the 10 batches of samples were above 0.992. Conclusion: This method showed high precision and good repeatability, and provided the basis for the improvement of the quality control of placenta polypeptide injection.
文摘A novel multivariate similarity clustering analysis (MSCA) approach was used to estimate a biogeographical division scheme for the global terrestrial fauna and was compared against other widely used clustering algorithms. The faunal dataset included almost all terrestrial and freshwater fauna, a total of 4631 families, 141,814 genera, and 1,334,834 species. Our findings demonstrated that suitable results were only obtained with the MSCA method, which was associated with distinct hierarchies, reasonable structuring, and furthermore, conformed to biogeographical criteria. A total of seven kingdoms and 20 sub-kingdoms were identified. We discovered that the clustering results for the higher and lower animals did not differ significantly, leading us to consider that the analysis result is convincing as the first zoogeographical division scheme for global all terrestrial animals.
基金supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)under the grant number 306517/2018–3(LAJ)and Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration at Getulio Vargas Foundation under grant number Propesquisa 00505100300360(LAJ).
文摘This study aims to reveal the social representation of fintech from the perspective of traditional financial sector professionals in Brazil—herein used as a proxy for emerging markets—to interpret and compare it with the scientific literature on the concept of fintech.To achieve this,we applied the social representations theory associated with the word evocation test,similarity analysis,and descending hierarchical classification.After analyzing the results,we perceived a partial misalignment between the existing literature on the concept of fintech and the perspective of traditional financial sector professionals concerning this construct.In contrast to the literature surveyed,the respondents lack perception regarding the potential of fintech to constitute disruptive technology for the traditional financial sector—radically transforming or even eliminating it.In addition,traditional financial sector professionals have little insight into the potential of fintech to financially include the low-income population,owing to their lower costs and greater ease of use.Finally,traditional financial sector professionals failed to appreciate the need to develop a legal and regulatory framework for the performance of fintech in emerging markets.This is a subject that has also been scantly addressed by academia.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2014BAC09B02)the National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Projects(No.2012ZX07101-002)the High-Level Scientific Research Foundation for the Introduction of Talent(No.E07016043)
文摘We characterized variations in bacterioplankton community composition(BCC) in mesocosms subject to three different treatments. Two groups contained fish(group one: Cyprinus carpio; group two: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix); and group three, the untreated mesocosm, was the control. Samples were taken seven times over a 49-d period, and BCC was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and real-time quantitative PCR(q PCR). Results revealed that introduction of C. carpio and H. molitrix had a remarkable impact on the composition of bacterioplankton communities, and the BCC was significantly diff erent between each treatment. Sequencing of DGGE bands revealed that the bacterioplankton community in the different treatment groups was consistent at a taxonomic level, but differed in its abundance. H. molitrix promoted the richness of Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while more bands affiliated to Cyanobacteria were detected in C. carpio mesocosms. The redundancy analysis(RDA) result demonstrated that the BCC was closely related to the bottom-up(total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biomass) and top-down forces(biomass of copepods and cladocera) in C. carpio and control mesocosms, respectively. We found no evidence for top-down regulation of BCC by zooplankton in H. molitrix mesocosms, while grazing by protozoa(heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates) became the major way to regulate BCC. Total bacterioplankton abundances were significantly higher in C. carpio mesocosms because of high nutrient concentration and suspended solids. Our study provided insights into the relationship between fish and bacterioplankton at species level, leading to a deep understanding of the function of the microbial loop and the aquatic ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41804035,41374027)。
文摘The spoofing capability of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)represents an important confrontational capability for navigation security,and the success of planned missions may depend on the effective evaluation of spoofing capability.However,current evaluation systems face challenges arising from the irrationality of previous weighting methods,inapplicability of the conventional multi-attribute decision-making method and uncertainty existing in evaluation.To solve these difficulties,considering the validity of the obtained results,an evaluation method based on the game aggregated weight model and a joint approach involving the grey relational analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(GRA-TOPSIS)are firstly proposed to determine the optimal scheme.Static and dynamic evaluation results under different schemes are then obtained via a fuzzy comprehensive assessment and an improved dynamic game method,to prioritize the deceptive efficacy of the equipment accurately and make pointed improvement for its core performance.The use of judging indicators,including Spearman rank correlation coefficient and so on,combined with obtained evaluation results,demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method and the optimal scheme by the horizontal comparison of different methods and vertical comparison of evaluation results.Finally,the results of field measurements and simulation tests show that the proposed method can better overcome the difficulties of existing methods and realize the effective evaluation.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shanxi Province(No.2013131015)Program for the Outstanding Innovative Teams of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi(OIT)
文摘It recently becomes an important and urgent mission for modern scientific research to identify and explain the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has been utilized in China for more than four millennia. Since few works have been contributed to understanding the TCM theory, the mechanism of actions of drugs with cold/hot properties remains unclear. In the present study, six kinds of typical herbs with cold or hot properties were orally administered into mice, and serum and liver samples were analyzed using an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) based metabolomics approach coupled with similarity analysis. This approach was performed to identify and quantify changes in metabolic pathways to elucidate drug actions on the treated mice. Our results showed that those drugs with same property exerted similar effects on the metabolic alterations in mouse serum and liver samples, while drugs with different property showed different effects. The effects of herbal medicines with cold/hot properties were exerted by regulating the pathways linked to glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acids metabolism and other metabolic pathways. The results elucidated the differences and similarities of drugs with cold/hot properties, providing useful information on the explanation of medicinal properties of these TCMs.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists(Grant No.8214052)the Talent Fund of Beijing Jiaotong University(Grant No.2021RC226)the State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Grant No.SKLGDUEK2115).
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology has been widely used to create artificial rock samples in rock mechanics.While 3D printing can create complex fractures,the material still lacks sufficient similarity to natural rock.Extrusion free forming(EFF)is a 3D printing technique that uses clay as the printing material and cures the specimens through high-temperature sintering.In this study,we attempted to use the EFF technology to fabricate artificial rock specimens.The results show the physico-mechanical properties of the specimens are significantly affected by the sintering temperature,while the nozzle diameter and layer thickness also have a certain impact.The specimens are primarily composed of SiO_(2),with mineral compositions similar to that of natural rocks.The density,uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),elastic modulus,and tensile strength of the printed specimens fall in the range of 1.65–2.54 g/cm3,16.46–50.49 MPa,2.17–13.35 GPa,and 0.82–17.18 MPa,respectively.It is capable of simulating different types of rocks,especially mudstone,sandstone,limestone,and gneiss.However,the simulation of hard rocks with UCS exceeding 50 MPa still requires validation.
基金NSFC(92270204),Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.M22004),Beijing Nova program.
文摘Virtual personal assistants(VPAs),such as Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant,are software agents designed to perform tasks or provide services to individuals in response to user commands.VPAs extend their functions through third-party voice apps,thereby attracting more users to use VPA-equipped products.Previous studies demonstrate vulnerabilities in the certification,installation,and usage of these third-party voice apps.However,these studies focus on individual apps.To the best of our knowledge,there is no prior research that explores the correlations among voice apps.Voice apps represent a new type of applications that interact with users mainly through a voice user interface instead of a graphical user interface,requiring a distinct approach to analysis.In this study,we present a novel voice app similarity analysis approach to analyze voice apps in the market from a new perspective.Our approach,called SkillSim,detects similarities among voice apps(i.e.skills)based on two dimensions:text similarity and structure similarity.SkillSim measures 30,000 voice apps in the Amazon skill market and reveals that more than 25.9%have at least one other skill with a text similarity greater than 70%.Our analysis identifies several factors that contribute to a high number of similar skills,including the assistant development platforms and their limited templates.Additionally,we observe interesting phenomena,such as developers or platforms creating multiple similar skills with different accounts for purposes such as advertising.Furthermore,we also find that some assistant development platforms develop multiple similar but non-compliant skills,such as requesting user privacy in a non-compliance way,which poses a security risk.Based on the similarity analysis results,we have a deeper understanding of voice apps in the mainstream market.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51675395)
文摘To reduce harmful sulfur content in lubricant additives, making use of isosterism has been shown to be an effective strategy. When thiobenzothiazole compounds were used as templates, the exchange of sulfur atoms in the thiazole ring with oxygen atoms and NH groups produced twelve isosteres. Similarly, 2-benzothiazole- S-carboxylic acid esters were used as template molecules to produce six isosteres. About 30% of the isosteres exhibited a satisfactory deviation of ±5% relative to the template, ignoring the specific changes in the base oils, the differences in molecular structure, and the friction or wear properties. The template molecules and isosteres in triisodecyl trimellitate exhibited better tribological properties than in trimethylolpropane trioleate or bis(2- ethylhexyl) adipate. Comparative molecular field analysis(CoM FA)- and comparative molecular similarity index analysis(CoMSIA)-quantitative structure tribo-ability relationship(QSTR) models were employed to study the correlation of molecular structures between the base oils and additives. The models indicate that the higher the structural similarities of the base oils and additives are, the more synergetic the molecular force fields of the lubricating system are; the molecular force fields creating synergistic effects will improve tribological performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11472075)
文摘Traditional quality inspection based product quality evaluation method with complex process has high operating cost and requires more professional knowledge. To remove the above limitation, this paper leads product gene theory into product quality evaluation. Methods of quality influencing factors based modeling and encoding are established. Combined with similarity theory and product gene theory, a product gene similarity analysis based quality evaluation method is proposed. The proposed method is low cost, operates easily and requires less specialized knowledge. A case study is conducted to prove the correctness and feasibility of this method.
