Introduction: Sleep disorders among professional drivers are a major road safety problem. They cause fatigue and drowsiness at the wheel, which can lead to road traffic accidents and even accidents at work. The aim of...Introduction: Sleep disorders among professional drivers are a major road safety problem. They cause fatigue and drowsiness at the wheel, which can lead to road traffic accidents and even accidents at work. The aim of this study was to assess sleep disorders among professional drivers of oil tankers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out from 11 April 2020 to 11 September 2020 in the national hydrocarbon company’s fuel depot. All the drivers present at the time were included and accomplished a questionnaire incorporating the commonly scales using to assess sleep disorders, sleep quality and sleep apnoea. Data analysis using R 3.6.1 software enabled to perform univariate and multivariate analyses to identify associated factors. Adjusted odd ratios were used to measure the strength of association. The significance level chosen was p ≤ 0.05. Results: All the 339 respondents were male. A proportion of 33.6% suffered from insomnia, including 12.7% with moderate to severe insomnia, and 18.58% were at risk of sleep apnoea. On the Epworth scale, 26.6% of drivers showed sleep debt and 4.1% excessive daytime sleepiness. The risk factors associated with insomnia were the use of psychostimulants. A history of diabetes and insomnia were risk factors associated with sleep apnoea syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep disturbance and insomnia among the respondents were 52.2% and 33.6% respectively. Use of psychostimulants was the identified risk factor. The prevalence of SAS was 4.72%, with diabetes and insomnia as associated factors.展开更多
Sleep disorders are common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease,and can even occur in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment,which appears before Alzheimer’s disease.Sleep disorders further impair cognitiv...Sleep disorders are common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease,and can even occur in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment,which appears before Alzheimer’s disease.Sleep disorders further impair cognitive function and accelerate the accumulation of amyloid-βand tau in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.At present,sleep disorders are considered as a risk factor for,and may be a predictor of,Alzheimer’s disease development.Given that sleep disorders are encountered in other types of dementia and psychiatric conditions,sleep-related biomarkers to predict Alzheimer’s disease need to have high specificity and sensitivity.Here,we summarize the major Alzheimer’s disease-specific sleep changes,including abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep,sleep fragmentation,and sleep-disordered breathing,and describe their ability to predict the onset of Alzheimer’s disease at its earliest stages.Understanding the mechanisms underlying these sleep changes is also crucial if we are to clarify the role of sleep in Alzheimer’s disease.This paper therefore explores some potential mechanisms that may contribute to sleep disorders,including dysregulation of the orexinergic,glutamatergic,andγ-aminobutyric acid systems and the circadian rhythm,together with amyloid-βaccumulation.This review could provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs to treat Alzheimer’s disease based on sleep disorders in future work.展开更多
Introduction: Sleep disorders (SD) are common dialysis patients and can impact their quality of life. In previous studies, black ethnicity was associated with higher incidence of SD but a few data are available in Afr...Introduction: Sleep disorders (SD) are common dialysis patients and can impact their quality of life. In previous studies, black ethnicity was associated with higher incidence of SD but a few data are available in African patients. This study aimed to describe prevalence and risk factors of SD among Senegalese dialysis patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study between February 15th and April 30th 2012 including 127 patients (75 males and 52 females) aged 46.8 ± 16.9 (16 - 85 years) and dialysed since >6 months in three dialysis centres. For each patient, we assessed insomnia according to international definition, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with the Berlin questionnaire, restless leg syndrome (RLS) using abridged version of Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) with Epworth sleepiness scale. Logistic multivariate regression was used to identify factors associated with different SD. Results: Overall prevalence of SD was 88% comprising: insomnia (64.3%), OSAS (49.1%), RLS (24.1%) and EDS (20.5%). Forty-two patients presented at least two disorders. No difference was noticed in prevalence of SD between genders (p = 0.14). Level of blood pressure were not different across patients with and without SD. Insomnia correlated with anemia, inflammation and EDS. OSAS was associated with age ≥50 years, EDS and neck circumference ≥25 cm. RLS correlated with anemia and EDS. Other parameters such as gender, dialysis vintage, KT/V, obesity, diabetes status and hypoalbuminemia were not associated with the different SD. The majority of patients had not been diagnosed before the survey and none of them was under treatment. Conclusions: Our findings are compatible with high prevalence of sleep disorders reported in other populations. Insomnia and OSAS are the most frequent SD but some patients combined many disorders. Nephrologists should be more aware of these SD in order to detect them early and provide efficient treatment.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders.[Methods]A total of 300 anxiety patients with sleep disorders w...[Objectives]To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders.[Methods]A total of 300 anxiety patients with sleep disorders were randomly selected and divided into a research group and a control group,with 150 cases in each group.The control group was administered with western medicine,and the research group was treated with acupuncture and medicine to compare their clinical treatment effects.[Results]The total effective rate of treatment in the research group was significantly higher than that in the control group;after treatment,both the PSQI and SAS scores of the two groups were significantly reduced,and the reduction degree of the research group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Combined use of acupuncture and medicine to treat sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders has better curative effect and fewer adverse reactions,so it has high clinical application value.展开更多
Apnoea,a major sleep disorder,affects many adults and causes several issues,such as fatigue,high blood pressure,liver conditions,increased risk of type II diabetes,and heart problems.Therefore,advanced monitoring and ...Apnoea,a major sleep disorder,affects many adults and causes several issues,such as fatigue,high blood pressure,liver conditions,increased risk of type II diabetes,and heart problems.Therefore,advanced monitoring and diagnosing tools of apnoea disorders are needed to facilitate better treatment,with advantages such as accuracy,comfort of use,cost effectiveness,and embedded computation capabilities to recognise,store,process,and transmit time series data.In this work we present an adaptation of our apnoea-Pi open-source surface acoustic wave(SAW)platform(Apnoea-Pi)to monitor and recognise apnoea in patients.The platform is based on a thin-film SAW device using bimorph ZnO and Al structures,including those fabricated as Al foils or plates,to achieve breath tracking based on humidity and temperature changes.We applied open-source electronics and provided embedded computing characteristics for signal processing,data recognition,storage,and transmission of breath signals.We show that the thin-film SAW device out-performed standard and off-the-shelf capacitive electronic sensors in terms of their response and accuracy for human breath-tracking purposes.This in combination with embedded electronics makes a suitable platform for human breath monitoring and sleep disorder recognition.展开更多
Objective:To explore the medication rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the treatment of sleep disorder after stroke by using data mining technology.Methods:A computer search was used to search the electronic ...Objective:To explore the medication rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the treatment of sleep disorder after stroke by using data mining technology.Methods:A computer search was used to search the electronic database of clinical literature on the treatment of sleep disorders after stroke by TCM from January 2000 to January 2021.Excel was used to establish the database,and the prescription information was described and analyzed statistically.Using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software,Apriori algorithm was used for TCM association analysis,and IBM SPSS 22.0 software was used for systematic cluster analysis of high-frequency TCM.Results:A total of 67 literatures were included,covering 131 traditional Chinese medicines.The medecines with a higher frequency of sodium use include Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(Suanzaoren),Angelicae Sinensis Radix(Danggui),Ligusticum(Chuanxiong),liquorice(Gancao),Poria cocos(Fuling),and so on.From the effect point of view,deficiency-tonifying medicine,sedative medicine and blood-activating and stasis-removing medicine are commonly used.The medicinal properties are mainly cold,mild and warm.The main medicine flavor are sweet and bitter.The medicines mostly belong to the liver,heart and spleen Meridian.Thirty-three association rules were obtained for medicine pairs and medicine groups from the correlation analysis,and the core combinations were"Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(Suanzaoren)-Tuber fleeceflower stem(Yejiaoteng)","Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(Suanzaoren)-Polygala(Yuanzhi)","Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(Suanzaoren)-Cortex albiziae(Hehuanpi)"and"Angelicae Sinensis Radix(Danggui)-Radix bupleuri(Chaihu)-Radix Paeoniae Alba(Baishao)"and so on.Seven medicine aggregation groups were obtained by medicine cluster analysis.Conclusion:In the treatment of sleep disorder after stroke by TCM,the main method is to calm the heart and mind.Meanwhile,according to different syndrome types,the treatment methods of tonifying the heart and spleen,nourishing the liver and kidney,soothing the liver and softening the liver,clearing heat and resolving phlegm,nourishing the blood and promoting blood circulation are selected,which provide certain reference for clinical treatment.展开更多
Sleep disorders affect an individual’s ability to sleep well on a regular and natural basis. Inadequate sleep can have adverse outcomes for health and safety. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been presented as an authe...Sleep disorders affect an individual’s ability to sleep well on a regular and natural basis. Inadequate sleep can have adverse outcomes for health and safety. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been presented as an authentic indicator to monitor brain activities. In this review paper, different procedures of EEG tests for recording and monitoring brain activity during sleep such as the EEG electrodes system and the Dreem headband (DH) have been introduced. Also, the processes of recording and analyzing the data have been discussed and compared with each other. The results of various stages of sleep from EEG tests help sleep specialists diagnose or evaluate sleep disorders accurately and choose appropriate strategies. Sleep disorder management is integral to provide patients with a safe sleeping environment.展开更多
Approximately 25%–50%of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have sleep problems.The aim of this study is to compare the effect of horse milk with conventionally-fed cow’s milk on sleep disorders i...Approximately 25%–50%of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have sleep problems.The aim of this study is to compare the effect of horse milk with conventionally-fed cow’s milk on sleep disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.In this randomized double-blind crossover study,30 patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were randomly selected and divided into two groups.All patients underwent a 45-day period of horse milk consumption and a 45-day period of cow milk consumption and they continued their drug treatment.A one-week interval between two periods of milk consumption was considered as the washout period.The severity of sleep disorder in the studied patients was determined based on the short form of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire(CSHQ).Twenty-two(73.3%)male and eight(26.7%)female patients were included in this study.The mean age of the patients was 8.9 years.Our results showed that horse milk consumption improved the CSHQ score.For the group of patients consuming horse milk prior to cow milk,reductions of total CSHQ(P-value=0.001)and subscale 1(P-value<0.001)scores were significant.For the group of patients consuming cow milk first,in addition to the total CSHQ(P-value<0.001),subscale 3(P-value=0.001)and 4(P-value=0.009)dropped significantly.On the other hand,the results indicated that cow milk consumption increased the CSHQ score.Specifically,for the group of patients consuming horse milk first,the total CSHQ(P-value=0.001),subscale 3(P-value=0.016),and subscale 4(P-value=0.010)increased significantly.The mean values of the first,second,third,and fourth subscales of CSHQ before and after the washout period were not significantly different between the two groups.According to the study,consuming horse milk was significantly better than cow milk in improving the total score of CSHQ in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical effects of acupuncture and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with mild vascular dementia.Method:From May 2020 to May 2021,40 patients with mild vascular dementia ...Objective:To explore the clinical effects of acupuncture and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with mild vascular dementia.Method:From May 2020 to May 2021,40 patients with mild vascular dementia in Harbin Fourth Hospital(our hospital)were divided into the experimental group(20 cases,using conventional drugs+acupuncture+repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation)and the control group(20 cases,for example,the application of conventional medication).The improvement of cognitive function score,sleep quality score,quality of life score,and cerebral hemodynamics before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Result:Before treatment,the difference in cognitive function score,sleep quality score,quality of life score,and cerebral hemodynamic index between the two groups of patients did not form,that is,p>0.05;after treatment,the experimental group5s cognitive function score was(19.45±2.47)points,Sleep quality score(12.18±2.09),quality of life score(33.29±4.08),left cerebral blood flow velocity(65.76±3.32)cm/s,right cerebral blood flow velocity(64.32±3.25)cm/s,more For the control group,P<0.05・Conclusion:In the clinical treatment of patients with mild vascular dementia,based on conventional drugs,combined with acupuncture and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,the patients?cognitive function can be improved,and the quality of sleep and quality of life can be improved.Comprehensive clinical promotion.展开更多
It has been discovered that the number of hypertensive patients with various types of sleep disorders is on the rise,which significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.Modern medicine...It has been discovered that the number of hypertensive patients with various types of sleep disorders is on the rise,which significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.Modern medicine has not reached a consensus on the mechanism and treatment of these diseases but relies on drugs to improve sleep disorders and blood pressure.We regard TCM syndrome differentiation as the breakthrough point,along with comprehensive modern and traditional medical methods based on dialectical thinking as means of holistic and symptomatic treatment of Western medicine integrated with the eight principles of TCM diagnosis,Zang-Fu organs,six meridians,Qi,blood and fluid,as well as other dialectical methods,in order to provide a broader idea for TCM treatment and lay a foundation for further and better development of integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment.展开更多
Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep diso...Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders,especially obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),on the incidence of NAFLD,and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors.NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders.Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD.An excessive or insufficient sleep duration,poor sleep quality,insomnia,sleep-wake disorders,and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD.Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two,specifically,the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics,and the reverse relationship does not hold true.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD.Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders.This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients,which is crucial for earlier monitoring,diagnosis,effective prevention,and treatment of NAFLD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the efficacy of Xiaoyao capsule(逍遥丸)in improving the clinical symptoms of sleep and mood disorders during recovery from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).METHODS:The study cohort comprised 200 p...OBJECTIVE:To study the efficacy of Xiaoyao capsule(逍遥丸)in improving the clinical symptoms of sleep and mood disorders during recovery from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).METHODS:The study cohort comprised 200 patients with sleep and mood disorders during recovery from COVID-19.Patients were randomized into the control group and the experimental group in a 1:1 ratio by blocked randomization.The patients received either Xiaoyao capsule(experimental group)or a placebo Xiaoyao capsule(control group)for 2 weeks.The improvements in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scales,total effective rates,and disappearance rates of irritability,anxiety,and poor sleep were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:The TCM syndrome pattern scales,total effective rates,and disappearance rates of irritability,anxiety,and poor sleep did not significantly differ between the experimental group versus the control group in the full analysis set and the per protocol set after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Xiaoyao capsule do not significantly improve the clinical symptoms of sleep and mood disorders in patients in recovery from COVID-19.展开更多
Sleep and well-being have been intricately linked,and sleep hygiene is paramount for developing mental well-being and resilience.Although widespread,sleep disorders require elaborate polysomnography laboratory and pat...Sleep and well-being have been intricately linked,and sleep hygiene is paramount for developing mental well-being and resilience.Although widespread,sleep disorders require elaborate polysomnography laboratory and patient-stay with sleep in unfamiliar environments.Current technologies have allowed various devices to diagnose sleep disorders at home.However,these devices are in various validation stages,with many already receiving approvals from competent authorities.This has captured vast patient-related physiologic data for advanced analytics using artificial intelligence through machine and deep learning applications.This is expected to be integrated with patients’Electronic Health Records and provide individualized prescriptive therapy for sleep disorders in the future.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of Huatan Jieyu granules in treatment of Parkinson’s disease(PD) patients with sleep disorder identified as symptom pattern of phlegma-heat-stirring wind in terms of ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of Huatan Jieyu granules in treatment of Parkinson’s disease(PD) patients with sleep disorder identified as symptom pattern of phlegma-heat-stirring wind in terms of the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: In total, 107 Parkinson’s disease patients with sleep disorders identified as symptom pattern of phlegma-heat-stirring wind were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group(55 cases) and the control group(52 cases).Both groups were given basic treatment with prednisone. The experimental group of patients was treated with Huatan Jieyu granules and the control group of patents was treated with only the basic treatment. Treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Sleep polygraph were recorded before the study as well as 3 months and 6 months after treatment.RESULTS: After treated with Huatan Jieyu granules,the total sleep time, and the percentage of non rapid eye movement 2(NREM 2), non rapid eye movement 3(NREM 3) and rapid eye movement(REM)sleep period increased significantly, while the percentage of NREM1 sleep period decreased significantly compared with before treatment(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The treatment of PD patients with sleep disorder by Huatan Jieyu granules can improve their sleep structure and their sleep quality.展开更多
A growing amount of evidence has indicated contributions of variants in causative genes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) to the development of sleep disturbance in PD and prodromal PD stages. In this article, we aimed to ...A growing amount of evidence has indicated contributions of variants in causative genes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) to the development of sleep disturbance in PD and prodromal PD stages. In this article, we aimed to investigate the role of genetics in sleep disorders in PD patients and asymptomatic carriers at prodromal stage of PD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted based on the MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychINFO databases. A pooled effect size was calculated by odds ratio (OR) and standard mean difference (SMD). Forty studies were selected for quantitative analysis, including 17 studies on glucocerebrosidase (GBA), 25 studies on Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and 7 on parkin (PRKN) genes, and 3 studies on alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) were used for qualitative analysis. Patients with PD carrying GBA variants had a significantly higher risk for rapid-eye-movement behavior disorders (RBD) (OR, 1.82) and higher RBD Screening Questionnaire scores (SMD, 0.33). Asymptomatic carriers of GBA variants had higher severity of RBD during follow-up. Patients with PD carrying the LRRK2 G2019S variant had lower risk and severity of RBD compared with those without LRRK2 G2019S. Variants of GBA, LRRK2 and PRKN did not increase or decrease the risk and severity of excessive daytime sleepiness and restless legs syndrome in PD. Our findings suggest that the genetic heterogeneity plays a role in the development of sleep disorders, mainly RBD, in PD and the prodromal stage of PD.展开更多
Objective: To explore the difference in rates and reasons for disclosure of either conventional or complementary medicine(CM) to healthcare practitioners between people living with sleep disorders(SDs) and those witho...Objective: To explore the difference in rates and reasons for disclosure of either conventional or complementary medicine(CM) to healthcare practitioners between people living with sleep disorders(SDs) and those without SDs.Methods: A cross-sectional survey(N = 2019 adults) that measured sociodemographic characteristics,health status, health service utilisation, health literacy and health communication(medicine disclosure)of a representative sample of Australians was conducted. Data from participants reporting an SD(n = 265)were compared to those not reporting an SD to assess measures of health communication and disclosure about medicine use.Results: Overall, rates of medicine disclosure to both conventional and CM practitioners were high, in respondents with(70%) and without an SD(57%). Those reporting an SD had higher expectations of their conventional health practitioner’s knowledge of CM, associated clinical decision-making skills, and approval of CM use, and held a higher degree of concern about drug interactions(P < 0.05). The main reasons cited for disclosing CM use to conventional health practitioners and conventional medicine use to CM practitioners were “I want them to fully understand my health status” and“I was concerned about drug interactions with the CMs used.”Conclusion: The high rate of medicine use disclosure by people with SDs is driven by an intention to inform their healthcare practitioner about their health status and concerns about potential medicine interactions. Therefore, research about the expectations that people with an SD have of their conventional healthcare practitioners’ knowledge of CM and CM-drug interactions requires further examination.Likewise, further examination of CM practitioner’s conventional medicine knowledge is encouraged.展开更多
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the melanocortin receptor 4(MC4R)gene often lead to obesity,but are rarely associated with other conditions such as epilepsy and sleep disorder.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present a case of a male...BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the melanocortin receptor 4(MC4R)gene often lead to obesity,but are rarely associated with other conditions such as epilepsy and sleep disorder.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present a case of a male obese child with a heterozygous variant in MC4R(c.494G>A,p.Arg165Gln)inherited from his father,who presented with disordered sleep and abnormal facial movements.Examination through melatonin rhythm testing and electroencephalography led to a diagnosis of sleep disorder and epilepsy,as his melatonin rhythm was markedly distorted and the electroencephalography revealed epileptic discharges.He received treatment with an antiepileptic drug;however,the therapy was ineffective and the sleep disorder appeared to be deteriorating.Subsequently,we initiated adjuvant treatment with melatonin.Upon re-examination,his body mass index had decreased,the sleep disturbance had resolved,and his seizures were well controlled.Electroencephalography review was normal,and a typical melatonin rhythm was restored.CONCLUSION We concluded that,in addition to causing obesity,abnormalities in the MC4R gene may contribute to the development of sleep disorders and epilepsy,and that melatonin can be used as an adjuvant therapy to alleviate these symptoms.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)has impacted many areas of healthcare.AI in healthcare uses machine learning,deep learning,and natural language processing to analyze copious amounts of healthcare data and yield valuable ou...Artificial intelligence(AI)has impacted many areas of healthcare.AI in healthcare uses machine learning,deep learning,and natural language processing to analyze copious amounts of healthcare data and yield valuable outcomes.In the sleep medicine field,a large amount of physiological data is gathered compared to other branches of medicine.This field is primed for innovations with the help of AI.A good quality of sleep is crucial for optimal health.About one billion people are estimated to have obstructive sleep apnea worldwide,but it is difficult to diagnose and treat all the people with limited resources.Sleep apnea is one of the major contributors to poor health.Most of the sleep apnea patients remain undiagnosed.Those diagnosed with sleep apnea have difficulty getting it optimally treated due to several factors,and AI can help in this situation.AI can also help in the diagnosis and management of other sleep disorders such as insomnia,hypersomnia,parasomnia,narcolepsy,shift work sleep disorders,periodic leg movement disorders,etc.In this manuscript,we aim to address three critical issues about the use of AI in sleep medicine:(1)How can AI help in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders?(2)How can AI fill the gap in the care of sleep disorders?and(3)What are the ethical and legal considerations of using AI in sleep medicine?展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and sleep disorders(SD)have become important and costly health issues world-wide,particularly in China.Both are common diseases related to brain functional and structural abnormalities in...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and sleep disorders(SD)have become important and costly health issues world-wide,particularly in China.Both are common diseases related to brain functional and structural abnormalities involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.The brains of individuals who suffer from both diseases simultaneously might be different compared to healthy individuals.This review assessed current neuroimaging findings to develop alternative targeted treatments for T2DM and SD.Relevant articles published between Jan-uary 2002 and September 2021 were searched in PubMed and Web of Science databases.Generalized treatment methods for T2DM include dietary/weight-loss management,metformin or a combination of two non-insulin drugs,and melatonin for SD,though alternative therapies including electroacupuncture(EA)have been utilized in treating both of these diseases separately because they are convenient,affordable,and safe.Standard and al-ternative treatments for T2DM were somehow effective in treating SD.Neuroimaging studies of these disorders can achieve higher treatment efficacy by targeting brain areas,such as the hypothalamus(HYP),as visualized via diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).DTI and fMRI can map the human brain and are utilized in many experiments.Thus,we propose that neuroimaging studies could be used in treatment of SD in T2DM.展开更多
Objective:To study the relationship between sleep disturbances and symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD).Methods:The Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-Chinese Version(PDSS-CV)was used to evaluate the sleep...Objective:To study the relationship between sleep disturbances and symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD).Methods:The Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-Chinese Version(PDSS-CV)was used to evaluate the sleep disturbances of PD patients in a cross sectional study.The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)parts II-IV,and the Hoehn&Yahr(H&Y)stage were used to determine the level of motor function in PD and the severity of PD.The Spearman correlation and a multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationship between sleep disturbances and symptoms of PD.The quantities derived from the UPDRS and the H&Y stage and disease duration were compared between groups of patients either with or without sleep disturbances identified by the PDSS.This study was conducted from December 2011 to March 2012 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,in Guangzhou.Results:A total of 136 PD patients were included in this study.The overall total PDSS score in PD patients was 107.58±23.35 points(range:30–146).There were significant differences in the disease duration,the H&Y stage,and the UPDRS section subscores between groups of patients either with or without sleep disturbances(Kruskal-Wallis Test,p<0.05).There were significant negative correlations between PDSS scores and the UPDRS subscores,the H&Y stage and the disease duration(Spearman correlation,p<0.05).The multiple regression analysis indicated that sleep disturbances identified by the PDSS were only associated with daily life activity,tremor intensity and clinical fluctuation(R2=0.22,F(3,132)=12.4,p<0.001).The correlations were also significant when the contribution of the other two factors was excluded using partial correlations.Conclusions:The level of daily life activity and the occurrences of tremor and clinical fluctuation are likely to be important factors that lead to PD patients’sleep disturbances.This study may elucidate an important clue for the relationship between sleep disturbances and PD symptoms.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Sleep disorders among professional drivers are a major road safety problem. They cause fatigue and drowsiness at the wheel, which can lead to road traffic accidents and even accidents at work. The aim of this study was to assess sleep disorders among professional drivers of oil tankers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out from 11 April 2020 to 11 September 2020 in the national hydrocarbon company’s fuel depot. All the drivers present at the time were included and accomplished a questionnaire incorporating the commonly scales using to assess sleep disorders, sleep quality and sleep apnoea. Data analysis using R 3.6.1 software enabled to perform univariate and multivariate analyses to identify associated factors. Adjusted odd ratios were used to measure the strength of association. The significance level chosen was p ≤ 0.05. Results: All the 339 respondents were male. A proportion of 33.6% suffered from insomnia, including 12.7% with moderate to severe insomnia, and 18.58% were at risk of sleep apnoea. On the Epworth scale, 26.6% of drivers showed sleep debt and 4.1% excessive daytime sleepiness. The risk factors associated with insomnia were the use of psychostimulants. A history of diabetes and insomnia were risk factors associated with sleep apnoea syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep disturbance and insomnia among the respondents were 52.2% and 33.6% respectively. Use of psychostimulants was the identified risk factor. The prevalence of SAS was 4.72%, with diabetes and insomnia as associated factors.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81660151 (to FFH), 81660751 (to SLY).
文摘Sleep disorders are common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease,and can even occur in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment,which appears before Alzheimer’s disease.Sleep disorders further impair cognitive function and accelerate the accumulation of amyloid-βand tau in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.At present,sleep disorders are considered as a risk factor for,and may be a predictor of,Alzheimer’s disease development.Given that sleep disorders are encountered in other types of dementia and psychiatric conditions,sleep-related biomarkers to predict Alzheimer’s disease need to have high specificity and sensitivity.Here,we summarize the major Alzheimer’s disease-specific sleep changes,including abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep,sleep fragmentation,and sleep-disordered breathing,and describe their ability to predict the onset of Alzheimer’s disease at its earliest stages.Understanding the mechanisms underlying these sleep changes is also crucial if we are to clarify the role of sleep in Alzheimer’s disease.This paper therefore explores some potential mechanisms that may contribute to sleep disorders,including dysregulation of the orexinergic,glutamatergic,andγ-aminobutyric acid systems and the circadian rhythm,together with amyloid-βaccumulation.This review could provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs to treat Alzheimer’s disease based on sleep disorders in future work.
文摘Introduction: Sleep disorders (SD) are common dialysis patients and can impact their quality of life. In previous studies, black ethnicity was associated with higher incidence of SD but a few data are available in African patients. This study aimed to describe prevalence and risk factors of SD among Senegalese dialysis patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study between February 15th and April 30th 2012 including 127 patients (75 males and 52 females) aged 46.8 ± 16.9 (16 - 85 years) and dialysed since >6 months in three dialysis centres. For each patient, we assessed insomnia according to international definition, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with the Berlin questionnaire, restless leg syndrome (RLS) using abridged version of Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) with Epworth sleepiness scale. Logistic multivariate regression was used to identify factors associated with different SD. Results: Overall prevalence of SD was 88% comprising: insomnia (64.3%), OSAS (49.1%), RLS (24.1%) and EDS (20.5%). Forty-two patients presented at least two disorders. No difference was noticed in prevalence of SD between genders (p = 0.14). Level of blood pressure were not different across patients with and without SD. Insomnia correlated with anemia, inflammation and EDS. OSAS was associated with age ≥50 years, EDS and neck circumference ≥25 cm. RLS correlated with anemia and EDS. Other parameters such as gender, dialysis vintage, KT/V, obesity, diabetes status and hypoalbuminemia were not associated with the different SD. The majority of patients had not been diagnosed before the survey and none of them was under treatment. Conclusions: Our findings are compatible with high prevalence of sleep disorders reported in other populations. Insomnia and OSAS are the most frequent SD but some patients combined many disorders. Nephrologists should be more aware of these SD in order to detect them early and provide efficient treatment.
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders.[Methods]A total of 300 anxiety patients with sleep disorders were randomly selected and divided into a research group and a control group,with 150 cases in each group.The control group was administered with western medicine,and the research group was treated with acupuncture and medicine to compare their clinical treatment effects.[Results]The total effective rate of treatment in the research group was significantly higher than that in the control group;after treatment,both the PSQI and SAS scores of the two groups were significantly reduced,and the reduction degree of the research group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Combined use of acupuncture and medicine to treat sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders has better curative effect and fewer adverse reactions,so it has high clinical application value.
基金financially supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant EP/P018998/1the UK Fluidic Network Special Interest Group of Acoustofluidics (EP/N032861/1).
文摘Apnoea,a major sleep disorder,affects many adults and causes several issues,such as fatigue,high blood pressure,liver conditions,increased risk of type II diabetes,and heart problems.Therefore,advanced monitoring and diagnosing tools of apnoea disorders are needed to facilitate better treatment,with advantages such as accuracy,comfort of use,cost effectiveness,and embedded computation capabilities to recognise,store,process,and transmit time series data.In this work we present an adaptation of our apnoea-Pi open-source surface acoustic wave(SAW)platform(Apnoea-Pi)to monitor and recognise apnoea in patients.The platform is based on a thin-film SAW device using bimorph ZnO and Al structures,including those fabricated as Al foils or plates,to achieve breath tracking based on humidity and temperature changes.We applied open-source electronics and provided embedded computing characteristics for signal processing,data recognition,storage,and transmission of breath signals.We show that the thin-film SAW device out-performed standard and off-the-shelf capacitive electronic sensors in terms of their response and accuracy for human breath-tracking purposes.This in combination with embedded electronics makes a suitable platform for human breath monitoring and sleep disorder recognition.
基金Beijing Science and Technology Program(No.Z191100006619065)National Key R&D Program(No.2017YFC1700101)。
文摘Objective:To explore the medication rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the treatment of sleep disorder after stroke by using data mining technology.Methods:A computer search was used to search the electronic database of clinical literature on the treatment of sleep disorders after stroke by TCM from January 2000 to January 2021.Excel was used to establish the database,and the prescription information was described and analyzed statistically.Using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software,Apriori algorithm was used for TCM association analysis,and IBM SPSS 22.0 software was used for systematic cluster analysis of high-frequency TCM.Results:A total of 67 literatures were included,covering 131 traditional Chinese medicines.The medecines with a higher frequency of sodium use include Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(Suanzaoren),Angelicae Sinensis Radix(Danggui),Ligusticum(Chuanxiong),liquorice(Gancao),Poria cocos(Fuling),and so on.From the effect point of view,deficiency-tonifying medicine,sedative medicine and blood-activating and stasis-removing medicine are commonly used.The medicinal properties are mainly cold,mild and warm.The main medicine flavor are sweet and bitter.The medicines mostly belong to the liver,heart and spleen Meridian.Thirty-three association rules were obtained for medicine pairs and medicine groups from the correlation analysis,and the core combinations were"Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(Suanzaoren)-Tuber fleeceflower stem(Yejiaoteng)","Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(Suanzaoren)-Polygala(Yuanzhi)","Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(Suanzaoren)-Cortex albiziae(Hehuanpi)"and"Angelicae Sinensis Radix(Danggui)-Radix bupleuri(Chaihu)-Radix Paeoniae Alba(Baishao)"and so on.Seven medicine aggregation groups were obtained by medicine cluster analysis.Conclusion:In the treatment of sleep disorder after stroke by TCM,the main method is to calm the heart and mind.Meanwhile,according to different syndrome types,the treatment methods of tonifying the heart and spleen,nourishing the liver and kidney,soothing the liver and softening the liver,clearing heat and resolving phlegm,nourishing the blood and promoting blood circulation are selected,which provide certain reference for clinical treatment.
文摘Sleep disorders affect an individual’s ability to sleep well on a regular and natural basis. Inadequate sleep can have adverse outcomes for health and safety. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been presented as an authentic indicator to monitor brain activities. In this review paper, different procedures of EEG tests for recording and monitoring brain activity during sleep such as the EEG electrodes system and the Dreem headband (DH) have been introduced. Also, the processes of recording and analyzing the data have been discussed and compared with each other. The results of various stages of sleep from EEG tests help sleep specialists diagnose or evaluate sleep disorders accurately and choose appropriate strategies. Sleep disorder management is integral to provide patients with a safe sleeping environment.
基金This study was supported by Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd,Iran.
文摘Approximately 25%–50%of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have sleep problems.The aim of this study is to compare the effect of horse milk with conventionally-fed cow’s milk on sleep disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.In this randomized double-blind crossover study,30 patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were randomly selected and divided into two groups.All patients underwent a 45-day period of horse milk consumption and a 45-day period of cow milk consumption and they continued their drug treatment.A one-week interval between two periods of milk consumption was considered as the washout period.The severity of sleep disorder in the studied patients was determined based on the short form of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire(CSHQ).Twenty-two(73.3%)male and eight(26.7%)female patients were included in this study.The mean age of the patients was 8.9 years.Our results showed that horse milk consumption improved the CSHQ score.For the group of patients consuming horse milk prior to cow milk,reductions of total CSHQ(P-value=0.001)and subscale 1(P-value<0.001)scores were significant.For the group of patients consuming cow milk first,in addition to the total CSHQ(P-value<0.001),subscale 3(P-value=0.001)and 4(P-value=0.009)dropped significantly.On the other hand,the results indicated that cow milk consumption increased the CSHQ score.Specifically,for the group of patients consuming horse milk first,the total CSHQ(P-value=0.001),subscale 3(P-value=0.016),and subscale 4(P-value=0.010)increased significantly.The mean values of the first,second,third,and fourth subscales of CSHQ before and after the washout period were not significantly different between the two groups.According to the study,consuming horse milk was significantly better than cow milk in improving the total score of CSHQ in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical effects of acupuncture and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with mild vascular dementia.Method:From May 2020 to May 2021,40 patients with mild vascular dementia in Harbin Fourth Hospital(our hospital)were divided into the experimental group(20 cases,using conventional drugs+acupuncture+repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation)and the control group(20 cases,for example,the application of conventional medication).The improvement of cognitive function score,sleep quality score,quality of life score,and cerebral hemodynamics before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Result:Before treatment,the difference in cognitive function score,sleep quality score,quality of life score,and cerebral hemodynamic index between the two groups of patients did not form,that is,p>0.05;after treatment,the experimental group5s cognitive function score was(19.45±2.47)points,Sleep quality score(12.18±2.09),quality of life score(33.29±4.08),left cerebral blood flow velocity(65.76±3.32)cm/s,right cerebral blood flow velocity(64.32±3.25)cm/s,more For the control group,P<0.05・Conclusion:In the clinical treatment of patients with mild vascular dementia,based on conventional drugs,combined with acupuncture and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,the patients?cognitive function can be improved,and the quality of sleep and quality of life can be improved.Comprehensive clinical promotion.
基金Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhao Mingjun Inheritance Studio Construction Project(Project Number:2019007).
文摘It has been discovered that the number of hypertensive patients with various types of sleep disorders is on the rise,which significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.Modern medicine has not reached a consensus on the mechanism and treatment of these diseases but relies on drugs to improve sleep disorders and blood pressure.We regard TCM syndrome differentiation as the breakthrough point,along with comprehensive modern and traditional medical methods based on dialectical thinking as means of holistic and symptomatic treatment of Western medicine integrated with the eight principles of TCM diagnosis,Zang-Fu organs,six meridians,Qi,blood and fluid,as well as other dialectical methods,in order to provide a broader idea for TCM treatment and lay a foundation for further and better development of integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82360880,and 82060661Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.20232ACB206057+3 种基金Key project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education,No.GJJ218104Teaching reform research project of Jiangxi Province of China,No.JXJG-22-130-1National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81660151Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.20212BAB206092.
文摘Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep disorders.In order to explore the explicit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders,especially obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),on the incidence of NAFLD,and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding factors.NAFLD is independently associated with sleep disorders.Different sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of NAFLD.An excessive or insufficient sleep duration,poor sleep quality,insomnia,sleep-wake disorders,and OSA may increase the incidence of NAFLD.Despite that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two,specifically,the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics,and the reverse relationship does not hold true.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with NAFLD.Further research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep disorders.This will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients,which is crucial for earlier monitoring,diagnosis,effective prevention,and treatment of NAFLD.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the efficacy of Xiaoyao capsule(逍遥丸)in improving the clinical symptoms of sleep and mood disorders during recovery from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).METHODS:The study cohort comprised 200 patients with sleep and mood disorders during recovery from COVID-19.Patients were randomized into the control group and the experimental group in a 1:1 ratio by blocked randomization.The patients received either Xiaoyao capsule(experimental group)or a placebo Xiaoyao capsule(control group)for 2 weeks.The improvements in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scales,total effective rates,and disappearance rates of irritability,anxiety,and poor sleep were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:The TCM syndrome pattern scales,total effective rates,and disappearance rates of irritability,anxiety,and poor sleep did not significantly differ between the experimental group versus the control group in the full analysis set and the per protocol set after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Xiaoyao capsule do not significantly improve the clinical symptoms of sleep and mood disorders in patients in recovery from COVID-19.
文摘Sleep and well-being have been intricately linked,and sleep hygiene is paramount for developing mental well-being and resilience.Although widespread,sleep disorders require elaborate polysomnography laboratory and patient-stay with sleep in unfamiliar environments.Current technologies have allowed various devices to diagnose sleep disorders at home.However,these devices are in various validation stages,with many already receiving approvals from competent authorities.This has captured vast patient-related physiologic data for advanced analytics using artificial intelligence through machine and deep learning applications.This is expected to be integrated with patients’Electronic Health Records and provide individualized prescriptive therapy for sleep disorders in the future.
基金Supported by Clinical Study on Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease with Sleep Disorder in Symptom Pattern of Phlegma-heat-stirring Wind Due to by Huatan Jieyu granules (No.2017-D-YY-70)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of Huatan Jieyu granules in treatment of Parkinson’s disease(PD) patients with sleep disorder identified as symptom pattern of phlegma-heat-stirring wind in terms of the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: In total, 107 Parkinson’s disease patients with sleep disorders identified as symptom pattern of phlegma-heat-stirring wind were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group(55 cases) and the control group(52 cases).Both groups were given basic treatment with prednisone. The experimental group of patients was treated with Huatan Jieyu granules and the control group of patents was treated with only the basic treatment. Treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Sleep polygraph were recorded before the study as well as 3 months and 6 months after treatment.RESULTS: After treated with Huatan Jieyu granules,the total sleep time, and the percentage of non rapid eye movement 2(NREM 2), non rapid eye movement 3(NREM 3) and rapid eye movement(REM)sleep period increased significantly, while the percentage of NREM1 sleep period decreased significantly compared with before treatment(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The treatment of PD patients with sleep disorder by Huatan Jieyu granules can improve their sleep structure and their sleep quality.
基金the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.ZYJC18038)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2021YJ0415)the Science Foundation of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2019-YF05-00307-SN).
文摘A growing amount of evidence has indicated contributions of variants in causative genes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) to the development of sleep disturbance in PD and prodromal PD stages. In this article, we aimed to investigate the role of genetics in sleep disorders in PD patients and asymptomatic carriers at prodromal stage of PD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted based on the MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychINFO databases. A pooled effect size was calculated by odds ratio (OR) and standard mean difference (SMD). Forty studies were selected for quantitative analysis, including 17 studies on glucocerebrosidase (GBA), 25 studies on Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and 7 on parkin (PRKN) genes, and 3 studies on alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) were used for qualitative analysis. Patients with PD carrying GBA variants had a significantly higher risk for rapid-eye-movement behavior disorders (RBD) (OR, 1.82) and higher RBD Screening Questionnaire scores (SMD, 0.33). Asymptomatic carriers of GBA variants had higher severity of RBD during follow-up. Patients with PD carrying the LRRK2 G2019S variant had lower risk and severity of RBD compared with those without LRRK2 G2019S. Variants of GBA, LRRK2 and PRKN did not increase or decrease the risk and severity of excessive daytime sleepiness and restless legs syndrome in PD. Our findings suggest that the genetic heterogeneity plays a role in the development of sleep disorders, mainly RBD, in PD and the prodromal stage of PD.
文摘Objective: To explore the difference in rates and reasons for disclosure of either conventional or complementary medicine(CM) to healthcare practitioners between people living with sleep disorders(SDs) and those without SDs.Methods: A cross-sectional survey(N = 2019 adults) that measured sociodemographic characteristics,health status, health service utilisation, health literacy and health communication(medicine disclosure)of a representative sample of Australians was conducted. Data from participants reporting an SD(n = 265)were compared to those not reporting an SD to assess measures of health communication and disclosure about medicine use.Results: Overall, rates of medicine disclosure to both conventional and CM practitioners were high, in respondents with(70%) and without an SD(57%). Those reporting an SD had higher expectations of their conventional health practitioner’s knowledge of CM, associated clinical decision-making skills, and approval of CM use, and held a higher degree of concern about drug interactions(P < 0.05). The main reasons cited for disclosing CM use to conventional health practitioners and conventional medicine use to CM practitioners were “I want them to fully understand my health status” and“I was concerned about drug interactions with the CMs used.”Conclusion: The high rate of medicine use disclosure by people with SDs is driven by an intention to inform their healthcare practitioner about their health status and concerns about potential medicine interactions. Therefore, research about the expectations that people with an SD have of their conventional healthcare practitioners’ knowledge of CM and CM-drug interactions requires further examination.Likewise, further examination of CM practitioner’s conventional medicine knowledge is encouraged.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671279Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Project of the Chinese PLA General Hospital,No.2019MBD-004.
文摘BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the melanocortin receptor 4(MC4R)gene often lead to obesity,but are rarely associated with other conditions such as epilepsy and sleep disorder.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present a case of a male obese child with a heterozygous variant in MC4R(c.494G>A,p.Arg165Gln)inherited from his father,who presented with disordered sleep and abnormal facial movements.Examination through melatonin rhythm testing and electroencephalography led to a diagnosis of sleep disorder and epilepsy,as his melatonin rhythm was markedly distorted and the electroencephalography revealed epileptic discharges.He received treatment with an antiepileptic drug;however,the therapy was ineffective and the sleep disorder appeared to be deteriorating.Subsequently,we initiated adjuvant treatment with melatonin.Upon re-examination,his body mass index had decreased,the sleep disturbance had resolved,and his seizures were well controlled.Electroencephalography review was normal,and a typical melatonin rhythm was restored.CONCLUSION We concluded that,in addition to causing obesity,abnormalities in the MC4R gene may contribute to the development of sleep disorders and epilepsy,and that melatonin can be used as an adjuvant therapy to alleviate these symptoms.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)has impacted many areas of healthcare.AI in healthcare uses machine learning,deep learning,and natural language processing to analyze copious amounts of healthcare data and yield valuable outcomes.In the sleep medicine field,a large amount of physiological data is gathered compared to other branches of medicine.This field is primed for innovations with the help of AI.A good quality of sleep is crucial for optimal health.About one billion people are estimated to have obstructive sleep apnea worldwide,but it is difficult to diagnose and treat all the people with limited resources.Sleep apnea is one of the major contributors to poor health.Most of the sleep apnea patients remain undiagnosed.Those diagnosed with sleep apnea have difficulty getting it optimally treated due to several factors,and AI can help in this situation.AI can also help in the diagnosis and management of other sleep disorders such as insomnia,hypersomnia,parasomnia,narcolepsy,shift work sleep disorders,periodic leg movement disorders,etc.In this manuscript,we aim to address three critical issues about the use of AI in sleep medicine:(1)How can AI help in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders?(2)How can AI fill the gap in the care of sleep disorders?and(3)What are the ethical and legal considerations of using AI in sleep medicine?
基金This article is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82172023)a Personal Fellowship(Grant No.87679215)Start-Up Budget(Grant No.82668428).
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and sleep disorders(SD)have become important and costly health issues world-wide,particularly in China.Both are common diseases related to brain functional and structural abnormalities involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.The brains of individuals who suffer from both diseases simultaneously might be different compared to healthy individuals.This review assessed current neuroimaging findings to develop alternative targeted treatments for T2DM and SD.Relevant articles published between Jan-uary 2002 and September 2021 were searched in PubMed and Web of Science databases.Generalized treatment methods for T2DM include dietary/weight-loss management,metformin or a combination of two non-insulin drugs,and melatonin for SD,though alternative therapies including electroacupuncture(EA)have been utilized in treating both of these diseases separately because they are convenient,affordable,and safe.Standard and al-ternative treatments for T2DM were somehow effective in treating SD.Neuroimaging studies of these disorders can achieve higher treatment efficacy by targeting brain areas,such as the hypothalamus(HYP),as visualized via diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).DTI and fMRI can map the human brain and are utilized in many experiments.Thus,we propose that neuroimaging studies could be used in treatment of SD in T2DM.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.10151008901000187)the Guangdong Science and Technology Foundation(No.2010B080701107).
文摘Objective:To study the relationship between sleep disturbances and symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD).Methods:The Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-Chinese Version(PDSS-CV)was used to evaluate the sleep disturbances of PD patients in a cross sectional study.The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)parts II-IV,and the Hoehn&Yahr(H&Y)stage were used to determine the level of motor function in PD and the severity of PD.The Spearman correlation and a multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationship between sleep disturbances and symptoms of PD.The quantities derived from the UPDRS and the H&Y stage and disease duration were compared between groups of patients either with or without sleep disturbances identified by the PDSS.This study was conducted from December 2011 to March 2012 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,in Guangzhou.Results:A total of 136 PD patients were included in this study.The overall total PDSS score in PD patients was 107.58±23.35 points(range:30–146).There were significant differences in the disease duration,the H&Y stage,and the UPDRS section subscores between groups of patients either with or without sleep disturbances(Kruskal-Wallis Test,p<0.05).There were significant negative correlations between PDSS scores and the UPDRS subscores,the H&Y stage and the disease duration(Spearman correlation,p<0.05).The multiple regression analysis indicated that sleep disturbances identified by the PDSS were only associated with daily life activity,tremor intensity and clinical fluctuation(R2=0.22,F(3,132)=12.4,p<0.001).The correlations were also significant when the contribution of the other two factors was excluded using partial correlations.Conclusions:The level of daily life activity and the occurrences of tremor and clinical fluctuation are likely to be important factors that lead to PD patients’sleep disturbances.This study may elucidate an important clue for the relationship between sleep disturbances and PD symptoms.
