期刊文献+
共找到19篇文章
< 1 >
每页显示 20 50 100
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INFILTRATION AND EROSION UNDER SLOPE GRADIENTS AND VEGETAL COVERS 被引量:5
1
作者 Jin Changxing Cai Qiangguo(Institute of Geography, CAS, Beijing 100101, China)Wang Zhongke(Soil Conservation Experimental Station, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province 075000, China) 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 1995年第4期62-73,共12页
The effect of slope gradient and vegetal cover on soil infiltration and erosion were studied with field simulator. Results showed that infiltration decreases with slope gradients (especially for gradient less than 10&... The effect of slope gradient and vegetal cover on soil infiltration and erosion were studied with field simulator. Results showed that infiltration decreases with slope gradients (especially for gradient less than 10°) and increases with vegetal covers, while soil erosion increases with slope gradients and decreases with vegetal covers. Fittlng the data by Philip's infiltration equation it was found that in the equation, gravitational conductivity decreases with gradient and increases with vegetation, while diffusion decreases with vegetal cover and does not vary with slope gradient In the erosion process, the formation of a layer of thin water is crucial in dctermining the rainsplash and sheetwash. The increasing of erosion with slope gradient contributes mainly to the increase of velocity. 展开更多
关键词 INFILTRATION EROSION slope gradient vegetal cover
下载PDF
The characteristics of rill development and their effects on runoff and sediment yield under different slope gradients 被引量:11
2
作者 HE Ji-jun SUN Li-ying +2 位作者 GONG Hui-li CAI Qiang-guo JIA Li-juan 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第3期397-404,共8页
Rill formation is the predominant erosion process in slope land in the Loess Plateau, China. This study was conducted to investigate rill erosion characteristics and their effects on runoff and sediment yielding proce... Rill formation is the predominant erosion process in slope land in the Loess Plateau, China. This study was conducted to investigate rill erosion characteristics and their effects on runoff and sediment yielding processes under different slope gradients at a rate of 10°, 15°, 20° and 25° with rainfall intensity of 1.5 mm min-1 in a laboratory setting. Results revealed that mean rill depth and rill density has a positive interrelation to the slope gradient. To the contrary, width-depth ratio and distance of the longest rill to the top of the slope negatively related to slope gradient. All these suggested that increasing slope steepness could enhance rill headward erosion, vertical erosion and the fragmentation of the slope surface. Furthermore,total erosion tended to approach a stable maximum value with increasing slope, which implied that there is probably a threshold slope gradient where soil erosion begins to weaken. At the same time, the correlation analysis showed that there was a close connection between slope gradient and the variousindices of soil erosion: the correlation coefficients of slope gradient with maximal rill depth, number of rills and the distance of the longest rill from the top of the slope were 0.98, 0.97 and-0.98, respectively,indicating that slope gradient is the major factor of affecting the development of rills. Furthermore,runoff was not sensitive to slope gradient and rill formation in this study. Sediment concentration,however, is positively related to slope gradient and rill formation, the sediment concentrations increased rapidly after rill initiation, especially. These results may be essential for soil loss prediction. 展开更多
关键词 Rill erosion Erosion processes Simulated rainfall Runoff slope gradient
原文传递
Soil Organic Carbon Loss under Different Slope Gradients in Loess Hilly Region 被引量:1
3
作者 JIA Songwei HE Xiubin WEI Fangqiang 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 2007年第4期695-698,共4页
Based on field runoff plots observation and sample analysis, the effect of slope gradient on soil organic carbon loss was studied under natural rainfall conditions in loess hilly region. The results showed that with s... Based on field runoff plots observation and sample analysis, the effect of slope gradient on soil organic carbon loss was studied under natural rainfall conditions in loess hilly region. The results showed that with slope gradient increasing (from10° to 30°), the changing trend of soil erosion intensity (A) was A20°〉A30°〉A15°〉A10°〉A25°, suggesting that slope gradient between 20° and 25° was a critical degree ranger to exist. Soil organic carbon loss was mainly influenced by soil erosion intensity, appearing the same trend as did soil erosion intensity with increasing slope gradient. Soil erosion results in organic carbon enrichment in sediment. Average enrichment ratios of five runoff plots varied from 2.27 to 3.74, and decreased with increasing erosion intensity and slope gradient. The decrease of surface runoff and soil erosion is the key to reduce soil organic carbon loss. 展开更多
关键词 soil erosion soil organic carbon loss slope gradient carbon cycle
下载PDF
Effects of rainfall intensities and slope gradients on nitrogen loss at the seedling stage of maize(Zea mays L.)in the purple soil regions of China
4
作者 Shuqin He Yuanbo Gong +3 位作者 Ziheng Zheng Ziteng Luo Bo Tan Yunqi Zhang 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE CAS 2022年第2期142-148,共7页
Loss of soil nitrogen has been reported to reduce soil productivity and result in eutrophication.The objective of this work was to understand the mechanisms of nitrogen loss at the maize seedling stage from purple soi... Loss of soil nitrogen has been reported to reduce soil productivity and result in eutrophication.The objective of this work was to understand the mechanisms of nitrogen loss at the maize seedling stage from purple soil in the sloping farmlands of southwest China.The characteristics of nitrogen loss were explored in experiments simulating rainfall conditions during the maize seedling stage at different rainfall intensities(60 mm/h,90 mm/h,and 120 mm/h)and slope gradients(10°,15°,and 20°).The results showed that the runoff and sediment yield increased with time.The surface runoff and sediment yield increased with the rainfall intensity and slope gradient.Nitrogen losses increased in the surface runoff and sediment but decreased in the interflow as the rainfall intensity and slope gradient increased.Dissolved total nitrogen(DTN)was the main form of nitrogen in the surface runoff and interflow,and nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N)was the main form of DTN.The surface runoff and sediment accounted for less than half of the TN losses.Thus,interflow was the main pathwayfor nitrogen loss.The regression lines between the surface runoff and forms of nitrogen losses in the runoff and interflow were linear.The results indicated that an increasing rainfall intensity and slope gradient generally increased the surface runoff,sediment,andnitrogen losses.However,the opposite trend was observed for the interflow and its nitrogen losses. 展开更多
关键词 forms of nitrogen surface runoff INTERFLOW sediment yield slope gradient rainfall intensity
原文传递
Influence of Gradient on Stability of Soil Slope Containing Roots 被引量:1
5
作者 朱海丽 李燕婷 宋路 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第10期2350-2353,共4页
Abundant herbaceous and shrub roots play an important role in preventing water and soil erosion and increasing shallow slope stability. In order to make a quantitative analysis on the contribution of root system to sl... Abundant herbaceous and shrub roots play an important role in preventing water and soil erosion and increasing shallow slope stability. In order to make a quantitative analysis on the contribution of root system to slope stability under dif- ferent slope gradient, an unconsolidated and undrained triaxial compression test was conducted to measure the shear strengths of soil and root-soil composite in the two slopes in eastern Qinghai Province. In addition, under the protection of plant roots, the effect of gradient on stability of soil slope was investigated by limit equilibrium method. The results showed that the stability coefficient of soil slope planted with two kinds of brush was decreased with the increase in slope gradient, and the sta- bility coefficient increment of soil slope containing Atriplex canescens roots was higher than that containing Caragana korshinskii roots. When the slope gradient ranged from 25° to 50°, the stability coefficient of soil slope planted with Atriplex canescens or Caragana korshinskii ranged from 0.80 to 1.38. However, when the slope gradient exceeded 55°, the increment of stability coefficient of soil slope became small. 展开更多
关键词 Soil slope slope gradient Shear strength Stability coefficient Root system
下载PDF
Rainfall and inflow effects on soil erosion for hillslopes dominated by sheet erosion or rill erosion in the Chinese Mollisol region 被引量:13
6
作者 SHEN Hai-ou WEN Lei-lei +4 位作者 HE Yun-feng HU Wei LI Hong-li CHE Xiao-cui LI Xin 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第10期2182-2191,共10页
Erosion agents and patterns profoundly affect hillslope soil loss characteristics. However, few attempts have been made to analyze the effects of rainfall and inflow on soil erosion for hillslopes dominated by sheet e... Erosion agents and patterns profoundly affect hillslope soil loss characteristics. However, few attempts have been made to analyze the effects of rainfall and inflow on soil erosion for hillslopes dominated by sheet erosion or rill erosion in the Chinese Mollisol region. The objective of this study was to discuss the erosive agent(rainfall or inflow), hillslope erosion pattern(sheet erosion or rill erosion) and slope gradient effects on runoff and soil losses. Two soil pans(2.0 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.5 m deep) with 5° and 10° slopes were subjected to rainfall(0 and 70 mm h–1) and inflow(0 and 70 mm h–1) experiments. Three experimental combinations of rainfall intensity(RI) and inflow rate(IR) were tested using the same water supply of 70 mm by controllingthe run time. A flat soil surface and a soil bed with a straight initial rill were prepared manually, and represented hillslopes dominated by sheet erosion and rill erosion, respectively. The results showed that soil losses had greater differences among treatments than total runoff. Soil losses decreased in the order of RI70+IR70 > RI70+IR0 > RI0+IR70. Additionally, soil losses for hillslopes dominated by rill erosion were 1.7-2.2 times greater at 5° and 2.5-6.9 times greater at 10° than those for hillslopes dominated by sheet erosion. The loss of <0.25 mm soil particles and aggregates varying from 47.72%-99.60% of the total soil loss played a dominant role in the sediment. Compared with sheet erosion hillslopes, rill erosion hillslopes selectively transported more microaggregates under a relatively stable rill development stage, but rills transported increasinglymore macroaggregates under an active rill development stage. In conclusion, eliminating raindrop impact on relatively gentle hillslopes and preventing rill development on relatively steep hillslopes would be useful measures to decrease soil erosion and soil degradation in the Mollisol region of northeastern China. 展开更多
关键词 RUNOFF Soil loss slope gradient Rill erosion Mollisol region
原文传递
Effects of slope gradient on runoff from bare-fallow purple soil in China under natural rainfall conditions 被引量:7
7
作者 KOMATSU Yoshitaka KATO Hiroaki +4 位作者 ZHU Bo WANG Tao YANG Fan RAKWAL Randeep ONDA Yuichi 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第4期738-751,共14页
Purple soil is highly susceptible for overland flow and surface erosion, therefore understanding surface runoff and soil erosion processes in the purple soil region are important to mitigate flooding and erosion hazar... Purple soil is highly susceptible for overland flow and surface erosion, therefore understanding surface runoff and soil erosion processes in the purple soil region are important to mitigate flooding and erosion hazards. Slope angle is an important parameter that affects the magnitude of runoff and thus surface erosion in hilly landscapes or bare land area. However, the effect of slope on runoff generation remains unclear in many different soils including Chinese purple soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different slope gradients and surface runoff for bare-fallow purple soil, using 5 m × 1.5 m experimental plots under natural rainfall conditions. Four experimental plots(10°, 16°, 20° and 26°) were established in theYanting Agro-ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science in central Sichuan Basin. The plot was equipped with water storage tank to monitor water level change. Field monitoring from July 1 to October 31, 2012 observed 42 rainfall events which produced surface runoff from the experimental plots. These water level changes were converted to runoff. The representative eight rainfall events were selected for further analysis, the relationship between slope and runoff coefficient were determined using ANOVA, F-test, and z-score analysis. The results indicated a strong correlation between rainfall and runoff in cumulative amount basis. The mean value of the measured runoff coefficient for four experimental plots was around 0.1. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between slope and runoff coefficient. We reviewed the relationship between slope and runoff in many previous studiesand calculated z-score to compare with our experimental results. The results of z-score analysis indicated that both positive and negative effects of slope on runoff coefficient were obtained, however a moderate gradient(16°-20° in this study) could be a threshold of runoff generation for many different soils including the Chinese purple soil. 展开更多
关键词 Surface runoff slope gradient Natural rainfall Purple soil Runoff plot
原文传递
INFLUENCES OF SLOPE GRADIENT ON SOIL EROSION 被引量:3
8
作者 刘青泉 陈力 李家春 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2001年第5期510-519,共10页
The main factors influencing soil erosion include the net rain excess, the water depth, the velocity, the shear stress of overland flows, and the erosion-resisting capacity of soil. The laws of these factors varying w... The main factors influencing soil erosion include the net rain excess, the water depth, the velocity, the shear stress of overland flows, and the erosion-resisting capacity of soil. The laws of these factors varying with the slope gradient were investigated by using the kinematic wave theory. Furthermore, the critical slope gradient of erosion was driven. The analysis shows that the critical slope gradient of soil erosion is dependent on grain size, soil bulk density, surface roughness, runoff length, net rain excess, and the friction coefficient of soil, etc. The critical slope gradient has been estimated theoretically with its range between 41.5 degrees similar to 50 degrees. 展开更多
关键词 soil erosion critical slope gradient flow scouring capability soil stability
下载PDF
Soil Organic Carbon Pools in Particle-Size Fractions as Affected by Slope Gradient and Land Use Change in Hilly Regions,Western Iran 被引量:12
9
作者 Parisa Mokhtari KARCHEGANI Shamsollah AYOUBI +1 位作者 Mohammad Reza MOSADDEGHI Naser HONARJOO 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第1期87-95,共9页
This study was conducted to explore the effects of topography and land use changes on particulate organic carbon(POC),particulate total nitrogen(PTN),organic carbon(OC) and total nitrogen(TN) associated with different... This study was conducted to explore the effects of topography and land use changes on particulate organic carbon(POC),particulate total nitrogen(PTN),organic carbon(OC) and total nitrogen(TN) associated with different size primary particle fractions in hilly regions of western Iran.Three popular land uses in the selected site including natural forest(NF),disturbed forest(DF) and cultivated land(CL) and three slope gradients(0-10 %,S1,10-30 %,S2,and 30-50%,S3) were employed as the basis of soil sampling.A total of 99 soil samples were taken from the 0-10 cm surface layer in the whole studied hilly region studied.The results showed that the POC in the forest land use in all slope gradients was considerably more than the deforested and cultivated lands and the highest value was observed at NF-S1 treatment with 9.13%.The values of PTN were significantly higher in the forest land use and in the down slopes(0.5%) than in the deforested and cultivated counterparts and steep slopes(0.09%) except for the CL land use.The C:N ratios in POC fraction were around 17-18 in the forest land and around 23 in the cultivated land.In forest land,the silt-associated OC was highest among the primary particles.The enrichment factor of SOC,EC,was the highest for POC.For the primary particles,EC of both primary fractions of silt and clay showed following trend for selected land uses and slope gradients:CL> DF> NF and S3 > S2> S1.Slope gradient of landscape significantly affected the OC and TN contents associated with the silt and clay particles,whereas higher OC and TN contents were observed in lower positions and the lowest value was measured in the steep slopes.Overall,the results showed that native forest land improves soil organic carbon storage and can reduce the carbon emission and soil erosion especially in the mountainous regions with high rainfall in west of Iran. 展开更多
关键词 Land use change Soil organic carbon slope gradient Physical fractionation Particulate organic carbon
原文传递
Prediction of the instability probability for rainfall induced landslides:the effect of morphological differences in geomorphology within mapping units 被引量:1
10
作者 WANG Kai ZHANG Shao-jie +1 位作者 XIE Wan-li GUAN Hui 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第5期1249-1265,共17页
Slope units is an effective mapping unit for rainfall landslides prediction at regional scale.At present,slope units extracted by hydrology and morphological method report very different morphological feature and boun... Slope units is an effective mapping unit for rainfall landslides prediction at regional scale.At present,slope units extracted by hydrology and morphological method report very different morphological feature and boundaries.In order to investigate the effect of morphological difference on the prediction performance,this paper presents a general landslide probability analysis model for slope units.Monte Carlo method was used to describe the spatial uncertainties of soil mechanical parameters within slope units,and random search technique was performed to obtain the minimum safety factor;transient hydrological processes simulation was used to provide key hydrological parameters required by the model,thereby achieving landslide prediction driven by quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting data.The prediction performance of conventional slope units(CSUs)and homogeneous slope units(HSUs)were analyzed in three case studies from Fengjie County,China.The results indicate that the mean missing alarm rate of CSUs and HSUs are 31.4% and 10.6%,respectively.Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)analysis also reveals that HSUs is capable of improving the overall prediction performance,and may be used further for rainfall-induced landslide prediction at regional scale. 展开更多
关键词 slope unit Boundaries slope gradient Landslide prediction
原文传递
Evaluation of Different Topographic Parameters Extracted from the Digital Elevation Measurements with the Use of Geostatistical Interpolation Methods
11
作者 Fahmy F. F. Asal 《International Journal of Geosciences》 2023年第12期1226-1242,共17页
Gradient slope, aspect slope, profiling and contourlines are important topographic parameters that can be derived from digital elevation data obtained from different sources with exploitation of different interpolatio... Gradient slope, aspect slope, profiling and contourlines are important topographic parameters that can be derived from digital elevation data obtained from different sources with exploitation of different interpolation techniques. Geostatistical interpolation methods such as ordinary kriging models constitute reliable alternatives to deterministic approaches in creation of continuous surface models from discrete elevation data. This research aimed at extraction, analysis, and evaluation of different terrain parameters elevation measurements with the use of different ordinary kriging models including the linear model, the circular model, the spherical model, the exponential models, and the Gaussian model. Different ordinary kriging models under ESRI ArcView 3.3 package along with its 3D analyst and Spatial analysis extensions have been exploited in extraction of gradient slope maps, aspect slope maps, and hillshade maps in addition to contourline maps from a sample of elevation data. Visual analysis of the gradient slope maps shows great similarities between the slope maps from the linear, circular, spherical, and exponential OK models, however, that from OK Gaussian models look very different as different sizes and arrangements of the colour patches, referring to different tones and different textures where smooth tones and smooth textures dominate the gradient slope map from the OK Gaussian model. Thus, gradient slope degradation and smoothing are considerably high in the gradient slope map from Gaussian model compared to the slope maps from the other four OK models. Also, the mean slope in the Gaussian model records the lowest value with the lowest value of the standard deviation of slopes in the same map reflecting less structured and highly smoothed gradient slope map compared to the slope maps from the other OK models. Thus, similar sizes of the colour patches and similar tones and similar texture dominate the different aspect slope maps. This is not the case in Figure 2(e) which depicts the aspect slope map extracted with the use of the Gaussian OK model where the smooth colour patches, smooth tones and smooth textures can be observed. Also, the Aspect map, hillshade map and the contourline map from Gaussian OK model are visually and statistically different from their corresponding maps created with the other four OK models. Finally, analysis of extracted two groups of profiles shows that the profiles extracted with the use of linear, circular, spherical, and exponential OK models run close and show highly corrugated and varied terrain. This is different from the profiles with the use of the Gaussian model which are less corrugated and tend to smooth and approximate different parts of the terrains. 展开更多
关键词 Topographic Parameters Gradient slope Aspect slope Shaded Relief Contourline PROFILING Ordinary Kriging Models
下载PDF
Using negative exponential function to characterize built-up land density along slope gradient for 19 urban areas in China
12
作者 SONG Yufei PENG Qiuzhi +2 位作者 LU Jiating LYU Leting PENG Fengcan 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE 2024年第11期3859-3870,共12页
In China,numerous cities are expanding into sloping land,yet the quantitative distribution patterns of urban built-up land density along the slope gradient remain unclear,limiting the understanding of sloping land urb... In China,numerous cities are expanding into sloping land,yet the quantitative distribution patterns of urban built-up land density along the slope gradient remain unclear,limiting the understanding of sloping land urbanization.In this paper,a simple negative exponential function was presented to verify its applicability in 19 typical sloping urban areas in China.The function fits well for all case urban areas(R^(2)≥0.951,p<0.001).The parameters of this function clearly describe two fundamental attributes:initial value a and decline rate b.Between 2000 and 2020,a tends to increase,while b tends to decrease in all urban areas,confirming the hypothesis of mutual promotion between flatland densification and sloping land expansion.Multiple regression analysis indicates that the built-up land density and the ruggedness of background land can explain 70.7%of a,while the average slope ratio of built-up land to background land,the built-up land density and the built-up land area can explain 82.1%of b.This work provides a quantitative investigative tool for distribution of urban built-up land density along slope gradient,aiding in the study of the globally increasing phenomenon of sloping land urbanization from a new perspective. 展开更多
关键词 Negative exponential function Urban built up land density slope gradient Sloping urban area Sloping land urbanization Mountain area
原文传递
Land subsidence induced by groundwater extraction and building damage level assessment—a case study of Datun, China 被引量:4
13
作者 FENG Qi-yan LIU Gang-jun +3 位作者 MENG Lei FU Er-jiang ZHANG Hai-rong ZHANG Ke-fei 《Journal of China University of Mining and Technology》 EI 2008年第4期556-560,共5页
As in many parts of the world, long-term excessive extraction of groundwater has caused significant land-surface sub- sidence in the residential areas of Datun coal mining district in East China. The recorded maximum ... As in many parts of the world, long-term excessive extraction of groundwater has caused significant land-surface sub- sidence in the residential areas of Datun coal mining district in East China. The recorded maximum level of subsidence in the area since 1976 to 2006 is 863 mm, and the area with an accumulative subsidence more than 200 mm has reached 33.1 km2 by the end of 2006. Over ten cases of building crack due to ground subsidence have already been observed. Spatial variation in ground subsi- dence often leads to a corresponding pattern of ground deformation. Buildings and underground infrastructures have been under a higher risk of damage in locations with greater differential ground deformation. Governmental guideline in China classifies build- ing damages into four different levels, based on the observable measures such as the width of wall crack, the degree of door and window deformation, the degree of wall inclination and the degree of structural destruction. Building damage level (BDL) is esti- mated by means of ground deformation analysis in terms of variations in slope gradient and curvature. Ground deformation analysis in terms of variations in slope gradient has shown that the areas of BDL III and BDL II sites account for about 0.013 km2 and 0.284 km2 respectively in 2006, and the predicted areas of BDL (define this first) III and II sites will be about 0.029 km2 and 0.423 km2 respectively by 2010. The situation is getting worse as subsidence continues. That calls for effective strategies for subsidence miti- gation and damage reduction, in terms of sustainable groundwater extraction, enhanced monitoring and the establishment of early warning systems. 展开更多
关键词 land subsidence groundwater extraction ground deformation slope gradient building damage level Datun China
下载PDF
Quantifying the impacts of spatiotemporal land use and land cover changes on soil loss across agroecologies and slope categories using GIS and RUSLE model in Zoa watershed,southwest Ethiopia 被引量:1
14
作者 Ginjo Gitima Menberu Teshome +1 位作者 Meseret Kassie Monika Jakubus 《Ecological Processes》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第1期344-364,共21页
Background Soil erosion in Ethiopian highlands is highly consistent with land use/land cover(LULC)changes that are associated with deforestation and a decline in biodiversity.However,identifying soil erosion-prone are... Background Soil erosion in Ethiopian highlands is highly consistent with land use/land cover(LULC)changes that are associated with deforestation and a decline in biodiversity.However,identifying soil erosion-prone areas and quantifying soil loss in rugged terrains and various agroecologies due to LULC changes have not been dedicated to scientific studies.Therefore,we quantified the impacts of spatiotemporal LULC changes on soil loss across agroecologies and slope categories using GIS and RUSLE model from 1985 to 2021 in Zoa watershed,southwest Ethiopia.Moreover,prioritizing erosion severity risks at sub-watersheds and quantifying temporal sediment yield is essential for better conservation planning.Landsat images,rainfall,Digital Elevation Model,and soil data were obtained from field observations and secondary sources.Results Bareland and farmland have been expanding at the expense of other land use types.The annual soil loss in the watershed ranged from 0 to 113.21 t ha^(-1) year^(-1),0 to 163.16 t ha^(-1) year^(-1),and 0 to 194.58 t ha^(-1) year^(-1)with a mean annual soil loss of 21.07,29.35 and 40.93 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) in 1985,2000,and 2021,respectively.Among LULC classes,the highest soil loss was generated from bareland(31.73 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))and farmland(27.08 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))in 1985 later upsurged to 35.52 t ha^(-1) year^(-1)and 59.91 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) in 2021,respectively,due to the maximum susceptibility of soil erosion risks from unprotected surfaces.The results also revealed that the lowland agroecology generated the highest mean soil loss of 24.05 t ha^(-1) year^(-1)in 1985,39.74 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) in 2000,and increased to 57.55 t ha^(-1) year^(-1)in 2021.Considering the slope categories,the highest and most excruciating soil loss was engendered from steep(35.55–60.78 t ha–1 year–1)and very steep(52.48–72.69 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))slope terrains during 1985–2021.The northwestern part of the watershed is the most erosion-prone area which is now expanding to the central and western parts of the watershed.The sediment yield increased at the fastest rate at the watershed outlet,from 39.3%in 1985 to 94.26%in 2021.Conclusions The results of this study indicated that the conversion of other LULC categories into farmland was the most detrimental to a watershed in terms of soil loss,which necessitates the implementation of appropriate soil and water conservation measures with effective design by considering spatial variability to reduce soil erosion hazards. 展开更多
关键词 Soil erosion RUSLE Land use/land cover slope gradient Tolerable soil loss Soil conservation
原文传递
Moraine-dammed glacial lake changes during the recent 40 years in the Poiqu River Basin,Himalayas
15
作者 XiuJuan Zhang ShiYin Liu Li Liu 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2015年第6期654-665,共12页
Glacier retreat is not only a symbol of temperature and precipitation change, but a dominating factor of glacial lake changes in alpine regions, which are of wide concern for high risk of potential outburst floods. Of... Glacier retreat is not only a symbol of temperature and precipitation change, but a dominating factor of glacial lake changes in alpine regions, which are of wide concern for high risk of potential outburst floods. Of all types of glacial lakes, moraine-dammed lakes may be the most dangerous to local residents in mountain regions. Thus, we monitored the dy- namics of 12 moraine-dammed glacial lakes from 1974 to 2014 in the Poiqu River Basin of central west Himalayas, as well as their associated glaciers with a combination of remote sensing, topographic maps and digital elevation models (DEMs). Our results indicate that all monitored moraine-dammed glacial lakes have expanded by 7.46 km2 in total while the glaciers retreated by a total of 15.29 km2 correspondingly. Meteorological analysis indicates a warming and drying trend in the Nyalam region from 1974 to 2014, which accelerated glacier retreat and then augmented the supply of moraine-dammed glacial lakes from glacier melt. Lake volume and water depth changed from 1974 to 2014 which indicates that lakes Kangxico, Galongco, and Youmojanco have a high potential for outburst floods and in urgent need for continuous moni- toring or artificial excavation to release water due to the quick increase in water depths and storage capacities. Lakes Jialongco and Cirenmaco, with outburst floods in 1981 and 2002, have a high potential risk for outburst floods because of rapid lake growth and steep slope gradients surrounding them. 展开更多
关键词 moraine-dammed glacial lake Poiqu River Basin remote sensing empirical equations slope gradient
下载PDF
The experimental study of hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow on a slope with three-dimensional Geomat 被引量:5
16
作者 王广月 孙国瑞 +1 位作者 李建康 李炯 《Journal of Hydrodynamics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第1期153-159,共7页
The hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow on a slope with a three-dimensional Geomat are studied for different rainfall intensities and slope gradients. The rainfall intensity is adjusted in the rainfall s... The hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow on a slope with a three-dimensional Geomat are studied for different rainfall intensities and slope gradients. The rainfall intensity is adjusted in the rainfall simulation system. It is shown that the velocity of the overland flow has a strong positive correlation with the slope length and the rainfall intensity, the scour depth decreases with the increase of the slope gradient for a given rainfall intensity, and the scour depth increases with the increase of the rainfall intensity for a given slope gradient, the overland flow starts with a transitional flow on the top and finishes with a turbulent flow on the bottom on the slope with the three-dimensional Geomat for different rainfall intensities and slope gradients, the resistance coefficient and the turbulent flow Reynolds number are in positively related logarithmic functions, the resistance coefficient and the slope gradient are in positively related power functions, and the trend becomes leveled with the increase of the rainfall intensity. This study provides some important theoretical insight for further studies of the hydrodynamic process of the erosion on the slope surface with a three-dimensional Geomat. 展开更多
关键词 Three-dimensional Geomat rainfall intensity slope gradient overland flow hydrodynamic characteristics
原文传递
The effect of environmental factors on spatial variability in land use change in the high-sediment region of China's Loess Plateau 被引量:6
17
作者 LUO Ya YANG Shengtian +5 位作者 ZHAO Changsen LIU Xiaoyan LIU Changming WU Linna ZHAQ Haigen ZHANG Yichi 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第5期802-814,共13页
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess... In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that: 1) Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998.2) Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including (a) low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, (b) medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, (c) farmland to other woodland, and (d) farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3) The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 展开更多
关键词 spatial variability land use change dryness/wetness soil properties slope gradient the high-sedi-ment region of China's Loess Plateau
原文传递
Noise levels inside the coaches of Greater Cairo tunnel metro, line 3 tunnel
18
作者 Soha Eldakdoky Ahmed Elkhateeb 《Frontiers of Architectural Research》 CSCD 2021年第2期410-419,共10页
This paper investigates the noise inside a metro coach running through the most recent tunnel of Cairo.The study focuses on the effects of alignment profiles on the A-weighted noise level.Although the latest line has ... This paper investigates the noise inside a metro coach running through the most recent tunnel of Cairo.The study focuses on the effects of alignment profiles on the A-weighted noise level.Although the latest line has not been studied yet,noise levels inside the old lines attracted the attention of researchers due to their importance as the first mass transit system in Africa.Given that windows are usually kept open,measurements were conducted inside the empty cabin at the end of the train with open windows according to ISO 3381:2005.Results showed that noise emissions inside the running coaches are high and do not follow either international or general national legislation,which presents health hazards for drivers and commuters.Speech intelligibility is required for train radio units and driver consoles for voice communications,which provides a safe working environment for the train crew.The present study reveals that tight curves mainly contribute to high noise.The noise levels are further raised by the reflective surface of the tunnel with a circular cross-section and the unballasted track.Moreover,the noise level is affected by the location of the coach and window conditions(open/close)to some extent. 展开更多
关键词 Interior noise Line 3 tunnel Equivalent noise slope gradient Noise exposure Unballasted slab track
原文传递
Using high-resolution aerial images to study gully development at the regional scale in southern China
19
作者 Honghu Liu Georg Hormann +1 位作者 Bingyu Qi Qiuxing Yue 《International Soil and Water Conservation Research》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第2期173-184,共12页
There are 239,100 gullies in southern China,which cause the degradation of ecological system.However,studies on gully development at the regional scale is relatively lack.The purpose of this study is to analyze the re... There are 239,100 gullies in southern China,which cause the degradation of ecological system.However,studies on gully development at the regional scale is relatively lack.The purpose of this study is to analyze the regional gully dynamics and explore how land use and topographic factors affect gully development.Input data consists of land use maps derived from high-resolution images from 2004 to 2014,and topography maps from a digital elevation model with a pixel size of 8 m×8 m in two 25-km2 study sites of Anxi(AX)and Xingning county(XN).The following results were obtained:(1)AX gullies decreased from 2006 to 2014 while XN first increased from 2004 to 2009,and then decreased from 2009 to 2014.Both AX and XN gully area in percentage of the total area ranged from 1%to 3%,which was higher than the average 0.25%of the whole southern China by the artificial survey in 2005.(2)Most of AX and XN gullies occurred along the ridgeline and had the close relationships with the upstream contributing area and slope gradient.(3)New gullies developed on the exposed land and forestland.The lost gullies were converted into forestland and grassland.In fact,most of these gullies were only covered by vegetation,not real disappearance.These results proved that gully decreased,but construction of roads and buildings intensified gully development.Consequently,these findings reveal that vegetation protection and ecological restoration should be adopted in southern China. 展开更多
关键词 Digital elevation model slope gradient Exposed lands Upstream contributing area
原文传递
上一页 1 下一页 到第
使用帮助 返回顶部