Stress concentrations about thin cylindrical shells with small openings are reconsidered front a nerv angle. There is a sort of special internal relation between theoretical solutions about cylindrical shells,vith lar...Stress concentrations about thin cylindrical shells with small openings are reconsidered front a nerv angle. There is a sort of special internal relation between theoretical solutions about cylindrical shells,vith large openings and one,with small openings. Using this relation, the extent of applying the theory about small openings to engineering practice is estimated again, thus an idea of how to use this theory and a nerv appraisal of the application of theoretical solutions about cylindrical shells with small openings to engineering practice are given.展开更多
Since Piketty offered a new view of capital/income ratio, numerous attempts have been made to examine the relationship between return on capital, economic growth and the capital/income ratio. This paper attempts to sh...Since Piketty offered a new view of capital/income ratio, numerous attempts have been made to examine the relationship between return on capital, economic growth and the capital/income ratio. This paper attempts to shed new light on this field. More precisely, following recent literatures that pay attention to dynamics of external balance sheets of countries, we examine if Piketty’s results for large countries are robust for a country that takes the world rate of return on capital as given and whose savings rate increases gradually from negative value. It is revealed that for such a country, (1) Kuznets curve is drawn and (2) capital/income ratio decreases in accordance with a rise in savings rate and return on capital.展开更多
Small proteins specifically refer to proteins consisting of less than 100 amino acids translated from small open reading frames(s ORFs),which were usually missed in previous genome annotation.The significance of small...Small proteins specifically refer to proteins consisting of less than 100 amino acids translated from small open reading frames(s ORFs),which were usually missed in previous genome annotation.The significance of small proteins has been revealed in current years,along with the discovery of their diverse functions.However,systematic annotation of small proteins is still insufficient.Sm Prot was specially developed to provide valuable information on small proteins for scientific community.Here we present the update of Sm Prot,which emphasizes reliability of translated s ORFs,genetic variants in translated s ORFs,disease-specific s ORF translation events or sequences,and remarkably increased data volume.More components such as non-ATG translation initiation,function,and new sources are also included.Sm Prot incorporated638,958 unique small proteins curated from 3,165,229 primary records,which were computationally predicted from 419 ribosome profiling(Ribo-seq)datasets or collected from literature and other sources from 370 cell lines or tissues in 8 species(Homo sapiens,Mus musculus,Rattus norvegicus,Drosophila melanogaster,Danio rerio,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Caenorhabditis elegans,and Escherichia coli).In addition,small protein families identified from human microbiomes were also collected.All datasets in Sm Prot are free to access,and available for browse,search,and bulk downloads at http://bigdata.ibp.ac.cn/SmProt/.展开更多
Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which include small open reading frame-encoded peptides,play critical roles in fundamental biological processes.In this study,we developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline using hi...Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which include small open reading frame-encoded peptides,play critical roles in fundamental biological processes.In this study,we developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline using high-throughput mass spectra to probe a customized six-frame translation database and applied it to large-scale identification of NCPs in plants.A total of 1993 and 1860 NCPs were unambiguously identified in maize and Arabidopsis,respectively.These NCPs showed distinct characteristics compared with conventional peptides and were derived from introns,3′UTRs,5′UTRs,junctions,and intergenic regions.Furthermore,our results showed that translation events in unannotated transcripts occur more broadly than previously thought.In addition,we found that dozens of maize NCPs are enriched within regions associated with phenotypic variations and domestication selection,indicating that they potentially are involved in genetic regulation of complex traits and domestication in maize.Taken together,our study developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline for large-scale identification of NCPs in plants,which would facilitate global characterization of NCPs from other plants.The identification of large-scale NCPs in both monocot(maize)and dicot(Arabidopsis)plants indicates that a large portion of plant genome can be translated into biologically functional molecules,which has important implications for functional genomic studies.展开更多
With the development of modern sequencing techniques and bioinformatics, genomes that were once thought to be noncoding have been found to encode abundant functional micropeptides(miPs), a kind of small polypeptides. ...With the development of modern sequencing techniques and bioinformatics, genomes that were once thought to be noncoding have been found to encode abundant functional micropeptides(miPs), a kind of small polypeptides. Although miPs are difficult to analyze and identify, a number of studies have begun to focus on them. More and more miPs have been revealed as essential for energy metabolism homeostasis, immune regulation, and tumor growth and development. Many reports have shown that miPs are especially essential for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and regulating mitochondrial function.MiPs are also involved in the progression of related diseases. This paper reviews the sources and identification of miPs, as well as the functional significance of miPs for metabolism-related diseases, with the aim of revealing their potential clinical applications.展开更多
文摘Stress concentrations about thin cylindrical shells with small openings are reconsidered front a nerv angle. There is a sort of special internal relation between theoretical solutions about cylindrical shells,vith large openings and one,with small openings. Using this relation, the extent of applying the theory about small openings to engineering practice is estimated again, thus an idea of how to use this theory and a nerv appraisal of the application of theoretical solutions about cylindrical shells with small openings to engineering practice are given.
文摘Since Piketty offered a new view of capital/income ratio, numerous attempts have been made to examine the relationship between return on capital, economic growth and the capital/income ratio. This paper attempts to shed new light on this field. More precisely, following recent literatures that pay attention to dynamics of external balance sheets of countries, we examine if Piketty’s results for large countries are robust for a country that takes the world rate of return on capital as given and whose savings rate increases gradually from negative value. It is revealed that for such a country, (1) Kuznets curve is drawn and (2) capital/income ratio decreases in accordance with a rise in savings rate and return on capital.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0901702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81902519,91940306,31871294,31701117,and 31970647)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFC0907503,2016YFC0901002,and 2018YFA0106901)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB38040300)the 13th Five-year Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XXH13505-05)Special Investigation on Science and Technology Basic Resources,Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2019FY100102)the National Genomics Data Center,China。
文摘Small proteins specifically refer to proteins consisting of less than 100 amino acids translated from small open reading frames(s ORFs),which were usually missed in previous genome annotation.The significance of small proteins has been revealed in current years,along with the discovery of their diverse functions.However,systematic annotation of small proteins is still insufficient.Sm Prot was specially developed to provide valuable information on small proteins for scientific community.Here we present the update of Sm Prot,which emphasizes reliability of translated s ORFs,genetic variants in translated s ORFs,disease-specific s ORF translation events or sequences,and remarkably increased data volume.More components such as non-ATG translation initiation,function,and new sources are also included.Sm Prot incorporated638,958 unique small proteins curated from 3,165,229 primary records,which were computationally predicted from 419 ribosome profiling(Ribo-seq)datasets or collected from literature and other sources from 370 cell lines or tissues in 8 species(Homo sapiens,Mus musculus,Rattus norvegicus,Drosophila melanogaster,Danio rerio,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Caenorhabditis elegans,and Escherichia coli).In addition,small protein families identified from human microbiomes were also collected.All datasets in Sm Prot are free to access,and available for browse,search,and bulk downloads at http://bigdata.ibp.ac.cn/SmProt/.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.31872872 and U1804113)National Key Research and Deveopment Program of China(no.2016YFD0101003),and Henan Association for Science and Technology.
文摘Non-conventional peptides(NCPs),which include small open reading frame-encoded peptides,play critical roles in fundamental biological processes.In this study,we developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline using high-throughput mass spectra to probe a customized six-frame translation database and applied it to large-scale identification of NCPs in plants.A total of 1993 and 1860 NCPs were unambiguously identified in maize and Arabidopsis,respectively.These NCPs showed distinct characteristics compared with conventional peptides and were derived from introns,3′UTRs,5′UTRs,junctions,and intergenic regions.Furthermore,our results showed that translation events in unannotated transcripts occur more broadly than previously thought.In addition,we found that dozens of maize NCPs are enriched within regions associated with phenotypic variations and domestication selection,indicating that they potentially are involved in genetic regulation of complex traits and domestication in maize.Taken together,our study developed an integrated peptidogenomic pipeline for large-scale identification of NCPs in plants,which would facilitate global characterization of NCPs from other plants.The identification of large-scale NCPs in both monocot(maize)and dicot(Arabidopsis)plants indicates that a large portion of plant genome can be translated into biologically functional molecules,which has important implications for functional genomic studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81870237)。
文摘With the development of modern sequencing techniques and bioinformatics, genomes that were once thought to be noncoding have been found to encode abundant functional micropeptides(miPs), a kind of small polypeptides. Although miPs are difficult to analyze and identify, a number of studies have begun to focus on them. More and more miPs have been revealed as essential for energy metabolism homeostasis, immune regulation, and tumor growth and development. Many reports have shown that miPs are especially essential for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and regulating mitochondrial function.MiPs are also involved in the progression of related diseases. This paper reviews the sources and identification of miPs, as well as the functional significance of miPs for metabolism-related diseases, with the aim of revealing their potential clinical applications.
