The space charge effect (SCE) of static induction transistor (SIT) that occurs in high current region is systematically studied.The I V equations are deduced and well agree with experimental results.Two kinds of ...The space charge effect (SCE) of static induction transistor (SIT) that occurs in high current region is systematically studied.The I V equations are deduced and well agree with experimental results.Two kinds of barriers are presented in SIT,corresponding to channel voltage barrier control (CVBC) mechanism and space charge limited control (SCLC) mechanism respectively.With the increase of drain voltage,the gradual transferring of operational mechanism from CVBC to SCLC is demonstrated.It points out that CVBC mechanism and its contest relationship with space charge barrier makes the SIT distinctly differentiated from JFET and triode devices,etc.The contest relationship of the two potential barriers also results in three different working regions,which are distinctly marked and analyzed.Furthermore,the extreme importance of grid voltage on SCE is illustrated.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,th...[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.展开更多
In electron beam technology, one of the critical focuses of research and development efforts is on improving the measurement of electron beam parameters. The parameters are closely related to the generation, emission,...In electron beam technology, one of the critical focuses of research and development efforts is on improving the measurement of electron beam parameters. The parameters are closely related to the generation, emission, operation environment, and role of the electron beam and the corresponding medium. In this study, a field calculation method is proposed, and the electric field intensity distribution on the electron beam’s cross-section is analyzed. The characteristics of beam diffusion caused by the space charge effect are investigated in simulation, and the obtained data are compared with the experiment. The simulation demonstrated that the cross-sectional electric field distribution is primarily affected by the electron beam current, current density distribution, and electron beam propagation speed.展开更多
By using star product method, the He-McKellar-Wilkens （HMW） effect for spin-one neutral particle on noncommutative （NC） space is studied. After solving the Kemmer-like equations on NC space, we obtain the topologi...By using star product method, the He-McKellar-Wilkens （HMW） effect for spin-one neutral particle on noncommutative （NC） space is studied. After solving the Kemmer-like equations on NC space, we obtain the topological HMW phase on NC space where the additional terms related to the space-space non-commutativity are given explicitly.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce a method of quantitatively evaluating and controlling the space charge effect of a lasercooled three-dimensional（3 D） ion system in a linear Paul trap.The relationship among cooling effici...In this paper,we introduce a method of quantitatively evaluating and controlling the space charge effect of a lasercooled three-dimensional（3 D） ion system in a linear Paul trap.The relationship among cooling efficiency,ion quantity,and trapping strength is analyzed quantitatively,and the dynamic space distribution and temporal evolution of the 3 D ion system on a secular motion period time scale in the cooling process are obtained.The ion number influences the eigen-micromotion feature of the ion system.When trapping parameter q is ～ 0.3,relatively ideal cooling efficiency and equilibrium temperature can be obtained.The decrease of axial electrostatic potential is helpful in reducing the micromotion heating effect and the degradation in the total energy.Within a single secular motion period under different cooling conditions,ions transform from the cloud state（each ion disperses throughout the envelope of the ion system） to the liquid state（each ion is concentrated at a specific location in the ion system） and then to the crystal state（each ion is subjected to a fixed motion track）.These results are conducive to long-term storage and precise control,motion effect suppression,high-efficiency cooling,and increasing the precision of spectroscopy for a 3 D ion system.展开更多
The "cascade static lens （CSL） gauge" has a high sensitivity（S） because the emitted electrons repeat the go and back oscillation before they are received by the electrodes. (S=18.6 Pa<sup>-1</su...The "cascade static lens （CSL） gauge" has a high sensitivity（S） because the emitted electrons repeat the go and back oscillation before they are received by the electrodes. (S=18.6 Pa<sup>-1</sup> (2480 Torr<sup>-1</sup> in a展开更多
The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion ...The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion （GP） and growth suppression （GS） were selected from the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between a sensitive japonica Lemont and a nonsensitive indica Teqing to compare the mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date in the M2 generation. Space environment resulted in 34.9% higher seedling height （SH） in the GP group than in the control, and 39.1% lower in the GS group than in the control, and there was no difference in seed fertility （SF） between the two groups. In M2, mutants of plant height and heading date can be induced by space treatment in both the two groups with lower mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency in the GP group than in the GS group. There were no significant differences in the physiological damages in M1 between the two groups after γ-rays irradiation treatment. Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency of heading date in M2 were higher in the GS group than in the GP group, and the opposite was true for mutagenic efficiency of plant height although the mutation frequency varied between the two groups. The mutation frequencies of plant height and heading date induced by space environment were obviously lower than those by γ-rays irradiation, but the mutagenic efficiency was the opposite for most of the traits. For the GP and GS of seedlings induced by space environment, the GS had higher mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date than the GP in M2.展开更多
This paper deals with the effects of electromagnetic forces on the orbital motion of a spacecraft. The electrostatic charge which a spacecraft generates on its surface in the Earth＇s magnetic field will be subject to...This paper deals with the effects of electromagnetic forces on the orbital motion of a spacecraft. The electrostatic charge which a spacecraft generates on its surface in the Earth＇s magnetic field will be subject to a perturbative Lorentz force. A model incorporating all Lorentz forces as a function of orbital elements has been developed on the basis of magnetic and electric fields. This Lorentz force can be used to modify or perturb the spacecraft＇s orbits. Lagrange＇s planetary equations in the Gauss variational form are derived using the Lorentz force as a perturbation to a Keplerian orbit. Our approach incorporates orbital inclination and the true anomaly. The numer- ical results of Lagrange＇s planetary equations for some operational satellites show that the perturbation in the orbital elements of the spacecraft is a second order perturba- tion for a certain value of charge. The effect of the Lorentz force due to its magnetic component is three times that of the Lorentz force due to its electric component. In addition, the numerical results confirm that the strong effects are due to the Lorentz force in a polar orbit, which is consistent with realistic physical phenomena that occur in polar orbits. The results confirm that the magnitude of the Lorentz force depends on the amount of charge. This means that we can use artificial charging to create a force to control the attitude and orbital motion of a spacecraft.展开更多
For exploring the biological effect of space environment on different genotype of rice seeds, the cytological effects of M1 generation after space flight were studied. Twelve different genotypes of rice seeds which be...For exploring the biological effect of space environment on different genotype of rice seeds, the cytological effects of M1 generation after space flight were studied. Twelve different genotypes of rice seeds which belong to different climate ecotype （early, medium and late） of indica and japonica were onboard ＂Shenzhou 4＂ spaceship for 162 h. After recovered the total number of mitosis cells and chromosomal aberration were observed. In all the lines the mitotic index （MIs） of space flight are much higher than control, which indicates the stimulate effect of space environment. The cell rate of chromosomal aberration （CRCA） of space flight is also much higher than control, but varies from line to line. It indicates that biological effect of space environment on rice seed dependents not only on flight duration but also on rice genotype. The radiosensitivities of different lines were also discussed according to CRCAs.展开更多
In this work the elastic field of an edge dislocation in a half-space with the effect of surface energy has been obtained. The elastic field is then used to study the image force on the dislocation, the critical thick...In this work the elastic field of an edge dislocation in a half-space with the effect of surface energy has been obtained. The elastic field is then used to study the image force on the dislocation, the critical thickness for dislocation generation in epitaxial thin films with strain mismatch and the yielding strength of thin films on substrates. The results show that the image forces on the dislocation deviate from the conventional solutions when the distance of the dislocation from the free surface is smaller than several times of the characteristic length. Also due to the effect of surface energy, the critical thickness for dislocation generation is smaller than that predicted by the conventional elastic solutions and the extent of the deviation depends on the magnitude of mismatch strain. In contrast, the effect of surface energy on the yielding strength for many practical thin films can be neglected except for some soft ones where the characteristic length is comparable to the thickness.展开更多
As one of the important parts of urban ecosystem, urban green space plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the balance of carbon and oxygen, absorbing the pollution and removing dust, killing bacteria, purifying s...As one of the important parts of urban ecosystem, urban green space plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the balance of carbon and oxygen, absorbing the pollution and removing dust, killing bacteria, purifying soil and water. To analyze the spatio-temporal changes of humidifying effect of green lands at the spring daytime, the authors monitored the air humidity within 1.8 m high from various underlying surfaces, including arbor-grass lands, shrub lands, herb lands and a cement pavement, from late February to late April in 2015 and 2016, when it was sunny and windless, in the Yuxi park of Shijiazhuang. The results were compared with the monitoring data of a bare land(190 m×120 m) without environmental interventions such as vegetation and water. The results could be summarized as follows:(1) The humidifying effect of green spaces was the weakest at 8:00 a.m. during the late February, whereas it was the strongest at 10:00 a.m.; from late March to late April, the humidifying effect of green spaces strengthened with the increase of air temperature, and the strongest was noted around 12:00-16:00.(2) The humidifying effect of various types of green lands was the strongest close to the ground, and reduced from 0.2 m to 1.8 m. This vertical stratification became apparent after the plants sprouted, the vertical difference of humidifying effect was the most significant in the herb lands, less significant in arbor-grass lands, and least in the shrub lands.(3) Multiple comparison analysis of the humidity data showed that relative humidity of all green lands achieved the significant level(P < 0.05), indicating the strong effect of landscape plants in adjusting atmospheric humidity in spring.(4) The humidifying effect of the artificial lake was more remarkable before the plants sprouted, however, with the rapid growth of plant leaves, theeffect gradually reduced and became even weaker than the effect of vegetation. Although the humidifying effect in spring was weaker than that in summer and autumn, the effect of humidification was more complicated during the growth of green leaves in spring than in summer and autumn. This is useful to construct the theory system of ecological environment effect of green lands in spring, summer and autumn.展开更多
This study aims at exploring the void space gas effect of earthquake-triggered slope instability and providing a new method for studying the formation mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides. We analysed the basi...This study aims at exploring the void space gas effect of earthquake-triggered slope instability and providing a new method for studying the formation mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides. We analysed the basic characteristics, kinematic characteristics, initiation mechanisms and physical mechanical parameters of the Daguangbao landslide, generalized a landslide prototype, and established a geological model and performed simulation tests. Based on the seismic wave propagation theory of rock-soil mass, rock fracture mechanics and the effective stress principle, we found that the void space gas effect is due to the occurrence of excess void space gas pressure when the dynamic response of seismic loads impacts the void space gas in weak intercalated layers of the slope. The excess void space gas pressure generated by the vibration(earthquake) damages the rock mass around the void space with a certain regularity. The model test results show that the effective shear strength of the rock mass can be reduced by 4.4% to 21.6% due to the void space gas effect.展开更多
The nonlinear space charge effect of a bunched beam with Gaussian distribu-tion in the longitudinal direction is discussed.Some useful formulae are derived for cal-culating the potential induced by a cylinder model of...The nonlinear space charge effect of a bunched beam with Gaussian distribu-tion in the longitudinal direction is discussed.Some useful formulae are derived for cal-culating the potential induced by a cylinder model of space charge in the waveguide of alinac with different combinations of density distribution:Gaussian distribution in thelongitudinal direction versus Kapchinskij Vladimirskij,waterbag,parabolic andGaussian distribution in the transverse direction,rcspectively.展开更多
The nonlinear space charge effect of bunched beam with nonuniform densitydistribution in both longitudinal and transverse directions is discussed.Some usefulformulae are derived for calculating the potential induced b...The nonlinear space charge effect of bunched beam with nonuniform densitydistribution in both longitudinal and transverse directions is discussed.Some usefulformulae are derived for calculating the potential induced by a cylinder model of spacecharge in the waveguide of a linac with longitudinal density distributions of waterbag(WB) or parabolic (PA) type combining with transverse density distributions ofKapchinskij-Vladimirskij (K-V).waterbag,parabolic and Gaussian (GA) types,resepectively.展开更多
With applying of new proposed electromagnetic gravity Lagrangian together with Einstein-Hilbert equation not zero space curvature was derived. The curvature gives “a priory” postulate of equivalence of mass and elec...With applying of new proposed electromagnetic gravity Lagrangian together with Einstein-Hilbert equation not zero space curvature was derived. The curvature gives “a priory” postulate of equivalence of mass and electro-magnetic field gravity properties. The non-zero trace of energy-stress tensor of electrical field changes space curvature of gravity mass, which yields to prediction of dependence of capacitor gravity mass from capacitor capacitance and voltage values, observed in Biefeld-Brown effect. The other, not observed prediction could be applied to coil gravity mass dependence from coil inductance and current values. New physical constant, electromagnetic field gravity constant αg, was introduced to conform with theoretical and experimental data.展开更多
Green,energy conservation and environmental protection have increasingly become the theme of the sustained and healthy development of cities against the background of new urbanization,which indicates that the problem ...Green,energy conservation and environmental protection have increasingly become the theme of the sustained and healthy development of cities against the background of new urbanization,which indicates that the problem of building energy consumption has received growing attention.This paper explores the impact of energy-saving decorations in flexible interior space on energy-saving effect of buildings so as to broaden the horizon of energy conservation in building,thereby alleviating the problem of energy shortage in China.展开更多
In this study, a scintillation detector was developed to measure the space proton effective dose for astronauts based on the proton effective dose conversion coefficients provided by International Commission on Radiol...In this study, a scintillation detector was developed to measure the space proton effective dose for astronauts based on the proton effective dose conversion coefficients provided by International Commission on Radiological Protection Report No. 116. In the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code X(version 2.6.0) simulation process, by modulating the depth and solid angle of truncated conical holes in an iron shell from lower-energy protons to higher-energy protons, the energy deposited in the scintillator by isotropic protons was nearly proportional to the corresponding effective dose, with a maximum relative deviation of 13.28% at thirteen energy points in the energy range of 10–400 MeV. Therefore, the detector can monitor proton effective dose indirectly in real time by measuring the deposited energy. We calibrated the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the detector at the cobalt source, tested the response of the detector in the energy range of 30–100 MeV in unidirectional proton field, and validated the simulation with the experimental results.展开更多
文摘The space charge effect (SCE) of static induction transistor (SIT) that occurs in high current region is systematically studied.The I V equations are deduced and well agree with experimental results.Two kinds of barriers are presented in SIT,corresponding to channel voltage barrier control (CVBC) mechanism and space charge limited control (SCLC) mechanism respectively.With the increase of drain voltage,the gradual transferring of operational mechanism from CVBC to SCLC is demonstrated.It points out that CVBC mechanism and its contest relationship with space charge barrier makes the SIT distinctly differentiated from JFET and triode devices,etc.The contest relationship of the two potential barriers also results in three different working regions,which are distinctly marked and analyzed.Furthermore,the extreme importance of grid voltage on SCE is illustrated.
基金Supported by Special Fund on Fundamental Scientific Research as Operating Expenses among Commonweal Scientific Research Institutions at Na-tional Level(Grassland Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultur-al Sciences)National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China(2008BADB3B04)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to understand the mutagenic effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds.[Method] Seeds of three lines of alfalfa were carried into orbit by the satellite 'Shijian-8' for space fight,the indices including seed germination rate,plant height and growth rate,were measured after the seeds been retrieved.[Result] Remarkable mutagenic effects occurred on the flight seeds,which were mainly presented by abnormal cotyledon,extended variation range of plant height and growth rate.Nineteen plants with increased plant height were preliminarily screened from the T0 progenies,but whether the mutated trait could inherit should be confirmed in further study.Three flight lines of alfalfa are different in the percentages of abnormal cotyledon(10%-18%),variation range of plant height(increased 30%-150% compared to control),selected plant number with increased plant height(5-7 plants),suggesting that differences exits between the three lines in mutation efficiency.[Conclusion] Valuable mutated materials could be obtained by space flight and applied in modern agriculture.
基金Project supported by CAST Innovation Fund (Grant No.CAST-BISEE2019-040)。
文摘In electron beam technology, one of the critical focuses of research and development efforts is on improving the measurement of electron beam parameters. The parameters are closely related to the generation, emission, operation environment, and role of the electron beam and the corresponding medium. In this study, a field calculation method is proposed, and the electric field intensity distribution on the electron beam’s cross-section is analyzed. The characteristics of beam diffusion caused by the space charge effect are investigated in simulation, and the obtained data are compared with the experiment. The simulation demonstrated that the cross-sectional electric field distribution is primarily affected by the electron beam current, current density distribution, and electron beam propagation speed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10575026, 10465004, 10665001 and 10447005)
文摘By using star product method, the He-McKellar-Wilkens （HMW） effect for spin-one neutral particle on noncommutative （NC） space is studied. After solving the Kemmer-like equations on NC space, we obtain the topological HMW phase on NC space where the additional terms related to the space-space non-commutativity are given explicitly.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11622434,11474318,91336211,and 11634013)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB21030100)Hubei Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2017CFA040)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2015274)
文摘In this paper,we introduce a method of quantitatively evaluating and controlling the space charge effect of a lasercooled three-dimensional（3 D） ion system in a linear Paul trap.The relationship among cooling efficiency,ion quantity,and trapping strength is analyzed quantitatively,and the dynamic space distribution and temporal evolution of the 3 D ion system on a secular motion period time scale in the cooling process are obtained.The ion number influences the eigen-micromotion feature of the ion system.When trapping parameter q is ～ 0.3,relatively ideal cooling efficiency and equilibrium temperature can be obtained.The decrease of axial electrostatic potential is helpful in reducing the micromotion heating effect and the degradation in the total energy.Within a single secular motion period under different cooling conditions,ions transform from the cloud state（each ion disperses throughout the envelope of the ion system） to the liquid state（each ion is concentrated at a specific location in the ion system） and then to the crystal state（each ion is subjected to a fixed motion track）.These results are conducive to long-term storage and precise control,motion effect suppression,high-efficiency cooling,and increasing the precision of spectroscopy for a 3 D ion system.
文摘The "cascade static lens （CSL） gauge" has a high sensitivity（S） because the emitted electrons repeat the go and back oscillation before they are received by the electrodes. (S=18.6 Pa<sup>-1</sup> (2480 Torr<sup>-1</sup> in a
文摘The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion （GP） and growth suppression （GS） were selected from the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between a sensitive japonica Lemont and a nonsensitive indica Teqing to compare the mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date in the M2 generation. Space environment resulted in 34.9% higher seedling height （SH） in the GP group than in the control, and 39.1% lower in the GS group than in the control, and there was no difference in seed fertility （SF） between the two groups. In M2, mutants of plant height and heading date can be induced by space treatment in both the two groups with lower mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency in the GP group than in the GS group. There were no significant differences in the physiological damages in M1 between the two groups after γ-rays irradiation treatment. Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency of heading date in M2 were higher in the GS group than in the GP group, and the opposite was true for mutagenic efficiency of plant height although the mutation frequency varied between the two groups. The mutation frequencies of plant height and heading date induced by space environment were obviously lower than those by γ-rays irradiation, but the mutagenic efficiency was the opposite for most of the traits. For the GP and GS of seedlings induced by space environment, the GS had higher mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date than the GP in M2.
文摘This paper deals with the effects of electromagnetic forces on the orbital motion of a spacecraft. The electrostatic charge which a spacecraft generates on its surface in the Earth＇s magnetic field will be subject to a perturbative Lorentz force. A model incorporating all Lorentz forces as a function of orbital elements has been developed on the basis of magnetic and electric fields. This Lorentz force can be used to modify or perturb the spacecraft＇s orbits. Lagrange＇s planetary equations in the Gauss variational form are derived using the Lorentz force as a perturbation to a Keplerian orbit. Our approach incorporates orbital inclination and the true anomaly. The numer- ical results of Lagrange＇s planetary equations for some operational satellites show that the perturbation in the orbital elements of the spacecraft is a second order perturba- tion for a certain value of charge. The effect of the Lorentz force due to its magnetic component is three times that of the Lorentz force due to its electric component. In addition, the numerical results confirm that the strong effects are due to the Lorentz force in a polar orbit, which is consistent with realistic physical phenomena that occur in polar orbits. The results confirm that the magnitude of the Lorentz force depends on the amount of charge. This means that we can use artificial charging to create a force to control the attitude and orbital motion of a spacecraft.
基金Sponsored by the National"863"Program Project (2004AA231071) the Ministerial Level Foundation
文摘For exploring the biological effect of space environment on different genotype of rice seeds, the cytological effects of M1 generation after space flight were studied. Twelve different genotypes of rice seeds which belong to different climate ecotype （early, medium and late） of indica and japonica were onboard ＂Shenzhou 4＂ spaceship for 162 h. After recovered the total number of mitosis cells and chromosomal aberration were observed. In all the lines the mitotic index （MIs） of space flight are much higher than control, which indicates the stimulate effect of space environment. The cell rate of chromosomal aberration （CRCA） of space flight is also much higher than control, but varies from line to line. It indicates that biological effect of space environment on rice seed dependents not only on flight duration but also on rice genotype. The radiosensitivities of different lines were also discussed according to CRCAs.
文摘In this work the elastic field of an edge dislocation in a half-space with the effect of surface energy has been obtained. The elastic field is then used to study the image force on the dislocation, the critical thickness for dislocation generation in epitaxial thin films with strain mismatch and the yielding strength of thin films on substrates. The results show that the image forces on the dislocation deviate from the conventional solutions when the distance of the dislocation from the free surface is smaller than several times of the characteristic length. Also due to the effect of surface energy, the critical thickness for dislocation generation is smaller than that predicted by the conventional elastic solutions and the extent of the deviation depends on the magnitude of mismatch strain. In contrast, the effect of surface energy on the yielding strength for many practical thin films can be neglected except for some soft ones where the characteristic length is comparable to the thickness.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2011ZX05043-005)
文摘As one of the important parts of urban ecosystem, urban green space plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the balance of carbon and oxygen, absorbing the pollution and removing dust, killing bacteria, purifying soil and water. To analyze the spatio-temporal changes of humidifying effect of green lands at the spring daytime, the authors monitored the air humidity within 1.8 m high from various underlying surfaces, including arbor-grass lands, shrub lands, herb lands and a cement pavement, from late February to late April in 2015 and 2016, when it was sunny and windless, in the Yuxi park of Shijiazhuang. The results were compared with the monitoring data of a bare land(190 m×120 m) without environmental interventions such as vegetation and water. The results could be summarized as follows:(1) The humidifying effect of green spaces was the weakest at 8:00 a.m. during the late February, whereas it was the strongest at 10:00 a.m.; from late March to late April, the humidifying effect of green spaces strengthened with the increase of air temperature, and the strongest was noted around 12:00-16:00.(2) The humidifying effect of various types of green lands was the strongest close to the ground, and reduced from 0.2 m to 1.8 m. This vertical stratification became apparent after the plants sprouted, the vertical difference of humidifying effect was the most significant in the herb lands, less significant in arbor-grass lands, and least in the shrub lands.(3) Multiple comparison analysis of the humidity data showed that relative humidity of all green lands achieved the significant level(P < 0.05), indicating the strong effect of landscape plants in adjusting atmospheric humidity in spring.(4) The humidifying effect of the artificial lake was more remarkable before the plants sprouted, however, with the rapid growth of plant leaves, theeffect gradually reduced and became even weaker than the effect of vegetation. Although the humidifying effect in spring was weaker than that in summer and autumn, the effect of humidification was more complicated during the growth of green leaves in spring than in summer and autumn. This is useful to construct the theory system of ecological environment effect of green lands in spring, summer and autumn.
基金funded by the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (No.SKLGP2016Z015)the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41572308)
文摘This study aims at exploring the void space gas effect of earthquake-triggered slope instability and providing a new method for studying the formation mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides. We analysed the basic characteristics, kinematic characteristics, initiation mechanisms and physical mechanical parameters of the Daguangbao landslide, generalized a landslide prototype, and established a geological model and performed simulation tests. Based on the seismic wave propagation theory of rock-soil mass, rock fracture mechanics and the effective stress principle, we found that the void space gas effect is due to the occurrence of excess void space gas pressure when the dynamic response of seismic loads impacts the void space gas in weak intercalated layers of the slope. The excess void space gas pressure generated by the vibration(earthquake) damages the rock mass around the void space with a certain regularity. The model test results show that the effective shear strength of the rock mass can be reduced by 4.4% to 21.6% due to the void space gas effect.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry
文摘The nonlinear space charge effect of a bunched beam with Gaussian distribu-tion in the longitudinal direction is discussed.Some useful formulae are derived for cal-culating the potential induced by a cylinder model of space charge in the waveguide of alinac with different combinations of density distribution:Gaussian distribution in thelongitudinal direction versus Kapchinskij Vladimirskij,waterbag,parabolic andGaussian distribution in the transverse direction,rcspectively.
基金the project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNSFCChina Science Foundation of Nuclear Indusitry.
文摘The nonlinear space charge effect of bunched beam with nonuniform densitydistribution in both longitudinal and transverse directions is discussed.Some usefulformulae are derived for calculating the potential induced by a cylinder model of spacecharge in the waveguide of a linac with longitudinal density distributions of waterbag(WB) or parabolic (PA) type combining with transverse density distributions ofKapchinskij-Vladimirskij (K-V).waterbag,parabolic and Gaussian (GA) types,resepectively.
文摘With applying of new proposed electromagnetic gravity Lagrangian together with Einstein-Hilbert equation not zero space curvature was derived. The curvature gives “a priory” postulate of equivalence of mass and electro-magnetic field gravity properties. The non-zero trace of energy-stress tensor of electrical field changes space curvature of gravity mass, which yields to prediction of dependence of capacitor gravity mass from capacitor capacitance and voltage values, observed in Biefeld-Brown effect. The other, not observed prediction could be applied to coil gravity mass dependence from coil inductance and current values. New physical constant, electromagnetic field gravity constant αg, was introduced to conform with theoretical and experimental data.
基金Sponsored by Education Science Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of Jiangxi Province(16YB041)
文摘Green,energy conservation and environmental protection have increasingly become the theme of the sustained and healthy development of cities against the background of new urbanization,which indicates that the problem of building energy consumption has received growing attention.This paper explores the impact of energy-saving decorations in flexible interior space on energy-saving effect of buildings so as to broaden the horizon of energy conservation in building,thereby alleviating the problem of energy shortage in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11305127)the State Key Lab of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Basic Research Foundation(No.SKLIPR1216)
文摘In this study, a scintillation detector was developed to measure the space proton effective dose for astronauts based on the proton effective dose conversion coefficients provided by International Commission on Radiological Protection Report No. 116. In the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code X(version 2.6.0) simulation process, by modulating the depth and solid angle of truncated conical holes in an iron shell from lower-energy protons to higher-energy protons, the energy deposited in the scintillator by isotropic protons was nearly proportional to the corresponding effective dose, with a maximum relative deviation of 13.28% at thirteen energy points in the energy range of 10–400 MeV. Therefore, the detector can monitor proton effective dose indirectly in real time by measuring the deposited energy. We calibrated the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the detector at the cobalt source, tested the response of the detector in the energy range of 30–100 MeV in unidirectional proton field, and validated the simulation with the experimental results.
