Volume visualization can not only illustrate overall distribution but also inner structure and it is an important approach for space environment research.Space environment simulation can produce several correlated var...Volume visualization can not only illustrate overall distribution but also inner structure and it is an important approach for space environment research.Space environment simulation can produce several correlated variables at the same time.However,existing compressed volume rendering methods only consider reducing the redundant information in a single volume of a specific variable,not dealing with the redundant information among these variables.For space environment volume data with multi-correlated variables,based on the HVQ-1d method we propose a further improved HVQ method by compositing variable-specific levels to reduce the redundant information among these variables.The volume data associated with each variable is divided into disjoint blocks of size 43 initially.The blocks are represented as two levels,a mean level and a detail level.The variable-specific mean levels and detail levels are combined respectively to form a larger global mean level and a larger global detail level.To both global levels,a splitting based on a principal component analysis is applied to compute initial codebooks.Then,LBG algorithm is conducted for codebook refinement and quantization.We further take advantage of progressive rendering based on GPU for real-time interactive visualization.Our method has been tested along with HVQ and HVQ-1d on high-energy proton flux volume data,including>5,>10,>30 and>50 MeV integrated proton flux.The results of our experiments prove that the method proposed in this paper pays the least cost of quality at compression,achieves a higher decompression and rendering speed compared with HVQ and provides satisficed fidelity while ensuring interactive rendering speed.展开更多
The paper studies the nonlinear dynamics of a flexible tethered satellite system subject to space environments,such as the J_2perturbation,the air drag force,the solar pressure,the heating effect,and the orbital eccen...The paper studies the nonlinear dynamics of a flexible tethered satellite system subject to space environments,such as the J_2perturbation,the air drag force,the solar pressure,the heating effect,and the orbital eccentricity.The flexible tether is modeled as a series of lumped masses and viscoelastic dampers so that a finite multidegree-of-freedom nonlinear system is obtained.The stability of equilibrium positions of the nonlinear system is then analyzed via a simplified two-degree-freedom model in an orbital reference frame.In-plane motions of the tethered satellite system are studied numerically,taking the space environments into account.A large number of numerical simulations show that the flexible tethered satellite system displays nonlinear dynamic characteristics,such as bifurcations,quasi-periodic oscillations,and chaotic motions.展开更多
The planet Earth is an integrated system, in which its multi-spheres are coupled, from the space to the inner core. Whether the space environment in short to long terms has been controlled by the earth's interior ...The planet Earth is an integrated system, in which its multi-spheres are coupled, from the space to the inner core. Whether the space environment in short to long terms has been controlled by the earth's interior process is contentious. In the past several decades,space weather and space climate have been extensively studied based on either observation data measured directly by man-made instruments or ancient data inferred indirectly from some historical medium of past thousands of years. The acquired knowledge greatly helps us to understand the dynamic processes in the space environment of modern Earth, which has a strong magnetic dipole and an oxygen-rich atmosphere. However, no data is available for ancient space weather and climate(>5 ka). Here, we propose to take the advantage of " space-diversity" to build a " generalized planetary space family", to reconcile the ancient space environment evolution of planet Earth from modern observations of other planets in our solar system. Such a method could also in turn give us a valuable insight into other planets' evolution.展开更多
Tianhe Core Module of China Space Station(CSS)equips a set of instruments consisting of a Particle Fluxes and Solar Activity Detector(PFSAD)and two Atmospheric Density Multi-directional Detectors(ADMDs).The PFSAD is t...Tianhe Core Module of China Space Station(CSS)equips a set of instruments consisting of a Particle Fluxes and Solar Activity Detector(PFSAD)and two Atmospheric Density Multi-directional Detectors(ADMDs).The PFSAD is to measure X-rays from the Sun and energetic particles in the low-latitude and low altitude regions,including electrons,protons,and helium ions.The ADMDs are to measure thermospheric atmospheric density.The instruments provide real-time data of the orbital space environment,including solar flares,energetic particle variation and thermospheric density enhancement.All the data contribute to the CSS space weather service for mission control and astronaut’s safety.The paper gives preliminary analyses of the space environment measurements from the PFSAD and the ADMDs.By further analysis,the 1024-channel fine spectra of the solar X-ray can be used to study the mechanism of solar flares and their impacts on the Earth’s atmosphere.Data accumulation will be helpful for analyzing mid-term and long-term variations of the South Atlantic Anomaly and atmosphere density.Furthermore,the data are useful to calibrate previous empirical models and establish new models to study the space environment.展开更多
In the mid July, 2011, the GVU-600 space environment simulator developed by Bei-jing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering of China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) under China
For the purpose of ensuring normal operations of Shenzhou (SZ) series of manned spacecrafts and cosmonauts' safety, Space Environment Monitors (SEM)are mounted on board SZ-2, 3, 4, 5. SEMs aim to detect the high e...For the purpose of ensuring normal operations of Shenzhou (SZ) series of manned spacecrafts and cosmonauts' safety, Space Environment Monitors (SEM)are mounted on board SZ-2, 3, 4, 5. SEMs aim to detect the high energy particles, the low energy particles, charging potential, atmospheric desity and composition. Detection of SEMs enable us to understand better the space environment in the manned spacecraft's orbit, and to provide a good space environment services for the spacecraft and cosmonauts. In addition, by using the data from SEMs, we have achieved some scientific accomplishments, such as the energy spectra of precipitating electrons, the abnormal variety of atmospheric density and composition during geomagnetic disturbances, the electron angle distribution in the low orbit and so on.展开更多
Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption....Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption. This study aims to analyze regulative advantages of buffer zone to the surrounding functional spaces. Based on a fieldwork test in a typical office building in cold climate zone in Beijing,China,the monitor data show interior physical performance in the Winter. The research selects two types of different buffer zones in the same building. One is a south-faced greenhouse which has large dimension with plenty of vegetation,and the other is a simple atrium in the middle of five floor building with mount of skylights. The factors and their influence to surrounding functional spaces and the whole building are found out from the comparisons of collected data by floor to floor monitor test on both buffer zones at the same time. The comparisons of two types of buffer zones conclude that the greenhouse is more effective to air quality regulation but not so clearly wellperformed to thermal buffering as expected due to the dominate active central heating in the Winter. This fieldwork test results for building performance can be helpful for both architects and engineers in the early phase of sustainable design.展开更多
This paper gives a brief introduction of YingHuo-1(YH-1),a Chinese Martian Space Environment Exploration Orbiter.YH-1 is a micro-satellite developed by Chinese Aerospace Industry,and will be launched together with Rus...This paper gives a brief introduction of YingHuo-1(YH-1),a Chinese Martian Space Environment Exploration Orbiter.YH-1 is a micro-satellite developed by Chinese Aerospace Industry,and will be launched together with Russian spacecraft,Phobos-Grunt,to orbit Mars in September,2009.Four payloads are selected for the mission,plasma package,including of electron analyzer,ion energy and mass analyzer;sat-sat occultation receiver;flux-gate magnetometer;and optical monitor.YH-1 mission focus on the investigation of the characteristics and its evolution of the Martian space Environment,and identifying major plasma processes,which provide channels for Martian volatiles escaping.展开更多
To further study the characteristics of changes on the molecular level of rice mu-tants induced in space environment, we analyzed proteins in leaves and seeds of four rice mutants (two high-tillering and two low-tille...To further study the characteristics of changes on the molecular level of rice mu-tants induced in space environment, we analyzed proteins in leaves and seeds of four rice mutants (two high-tillering and two low-tillering) in the 8th and 9th gen-erations after a 15-day spaceflight, and compared with their ground controls by two-dimentional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase liquid chro-matography (RPLC). In addition, the albumin, globulin, prolamine, glutelin, and amylose of the mutant seeds were analyzed by RPLC and ultra-violet spectrometry. The results showed that the low-abundance proteins of leaves in the peak tillering stage are more likely to be induced compared with their corresponding controls. The albumin, globulin, and prolamine of the mutant seeds revealed changes when compared with their controls, and the characteristics of changes in different mu-tants were stably inherited in the 8th and 9th generations, suggesting that they can be used as biomarkers to identity the mutants induced by spaceflight. More-over, two proteins (SSP9111 and SSP6302) were found to be expressed with high intensity (two-fold change) in different mutants, which were both correlated with photosystem according to mass spectrometry and database searching.展开更多
Space travel since the 1960s has led to a number of physiological alterations to homeostasis in astronauts. Extensive variation in the pattern of responses observed has led a concerted effort to develop countermeasure...Space travel since the 1960s has led to a number of physiological alterations to homeostasis in astronauts. Extensive variation in the pattern of responses observed has led a concerted effort to develop countermeasures to overcome such changes and restore homeostasis, and thus “health” is defined as more “Earth-like”. These adaptations to a space environment by a species which evolved and normally exists in the 1 g environment, the geomagnetic field, and background radiation of Earth are viewed as threats to health as defined by the conditions of Earth. Exposure to space can lead to alterations in genomic stability and epigenetic signatures, alterations which could redefine “health” and responses to risks for loss of health for those who will return to Earth. In contrast, in the future individuals born in non-Earth space environments will likely develop an integrated metabolic set point defined by those conditions. They will thus be shaped by both the local environments, and space-associated genomic/epigenomic alterations to their parents. Therefore, such an altered set point for those born and raised in non-Earth space environments will potentially have physiological and molecular consequences which may lead to either new evolutionary adaptation, or to compromise of long term health due to drastically altered set points for integrated physiologic function which is at odds with the evolutionary history of humans. The implications of the two options will be critical for defining “health” in altered environments encountered during space ventures, as well as providing insights into the regulation of human integrity at the physiological level. Therefore, the definition of “health” is dependent on the boundary conditions surrounding development and maturation, and is a dynamic concept.展开更多
In this paper, China’s research work on space environment and its new development was introduced, which covered space environment probing especially satellite survey, collection and study of space environment data an...In this paper, China’s research work on space environment and its new development was introduced, which covered space environment probing especially satellite survey, collection and study of space environment data and models,space environment forecasting and effects of space environment on spacecraft as well.展开更多
This paper presents the space environment detection of Chinese geosynchronous and sun-synchronous meteorological satellites and gives a short perspective of space environment observations on board meteorological satel...This paper presents the space environment detection of Chinese geosynchronous and sun-synchronous meteorological satellites and gives a short perspective of space environment observations on board meteorological satellites.展开更多
The Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR, CAS)took on the mission of offering the space environment parameters which...The Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR, CAS)took on the mission of offering the space environment parameters which may be of use to the safety of manned spacecraft. In order to complete the space environment safety guarantee mission for SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC improved the space environment monitoring system, database system, prediction result display system, prediction implementation system, etc. For guaranteeing the safety of the airship and cosmonaut in the first manned SZ-5, flying experiment mission,SEPC developed the software for analyzing radiation dose and early-warning software for large debris collision with SZ-5. Three months before the flights of SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC began to predict the safe launch period in view of the space environment, and offered timely and valid reference opinions for selecting the safety period. Especially during the mission of SZ-5, SEPC analyzed the space high-energy environment in a pre-arranged orbit and abnormal orbit andevaluated the radiation dose which cosmonauts may encounter in space. The evaluation offered an important reference for cosmonaut safety and decisionmaking in the SZ-5 mission. The calculation of the distribution of large debris and the collision risk assessment at different orbit entry times for SZ-5 provided an important base for the superior department to make flight decisions.展开更多
Abstract This paper presents the recent research progress on space environment in China. The space environment here includes space environment models, forecast methodology and space environment effects on spacecrafts....Abstract This paper presents the recent research progress on space environment in China. The space environment here includes space environment models, forecast methodology and space environment effects on spacecrafts. Finally the development trends of China's space environment research are discussed.展开更多
With the increasing of users and the demands which are transforming from the monotonous traditional service to network service,Multiple space environment web applications including browser-client,rich-client and mobil...With the increasing of users and the demands which are transforming from the monotonous traditional service to network service,Multiple space environment web applications including browser-client,rich-client and mobile-client applications have been developed by SEPC(Space Environment Prediction Center,NSSC,CAS)during the past few years.The architecture of Operational Space Environment Technology System(OSETS) that these applications rely on is described and the description of structural optimization of the architecture is provided.To demonstrate the evolution of the OSETS,three web application examples for e SpaceWx,Space Weather Situation Awareness Picture(SWSAP),Plug-and-Play SWx Analysis and Plotting Program(PPSWAP) are presented.展开更多
In the early 1960s,with the ad-vent of the space era,it was quick-ly recognized that any object inspace was at risk due to the naturalmeteoroid environment.In the late1960s,it was recognized that
This paper presents Chinese space environment detection and parts of results,and gives a short perspective of space environment observations on Chinese future satellites.
Mammalian development and maturation, particularly processes for humans have evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth (i.e. 1 g gravity, geomagnetic field, background radiation) to yield functional i...Mammalian development and maturation, particularly processes for humans have evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth (i.e. 1 g gravity, geomagnetic field, background radiation) to yield functional individuals, although the process is not perfect and “errors” do occur. With the advent of spaceflight to low Earth orbit (the International Space Station), humans are now exposed to microgravity and increased exposure to radiation. However, thus far, only adult humans have served as astronauts, but this will likely change with plans to explore deep space and colonize planets. Thus, conception, fetal development, post-birth maturation, puberty and skeletal maturity will occur in the context of boundary conditions that did not shape human evolution and influence physiological and biomechanical systems designed to function within the Earth’s boundary conditions. Thus, processes utilizing the 1 g environment (i.e. walking upright) and the geomagnetic field (i.e. the electrical/biomagnetic basis of neural interactions) will have to adapt to new boundary conditions, providing opportunity for additional errors or alterations in processing during development which could impact functional outcomes at multiple levels. This review/perspective will discuss some of these issues and attempt to provide direction for addressing the potential issues to be encountered.展开更多
During the past two years,space environment has achieved great development in space environment monitoring,model research,system developing and space environment service in China.In this paper,we mainly introduce spac...During the past two years,space environment has achieved great development in space environment monitoring,model research,system developing and space environment service in China.In this paper,we mainly introduce space environment safety support for Shenzhou-7 manned spacecraft,two typical space environment operation platforms,and the advance of Re-locatable Atmospheric Observatory(RAO).At the last part of this paper,the Sub-committee on Space Environment(SSE) which was set up in 2009 under the Technical Committee on Space Technology and Operation of Standardization Administration of China is briefly introduced.展开更多
基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRE-KT-2021-3)。
文摘Volume visualization can not only illustrate overall distribution but also inner structure and it is an important approach for space environment research.Space environment simulation can produce several correlated variables at the same time.However,existing compressed volume rendering methods only consider reducing the redundant information in a single volume of a specific variable,not dealing with the redundant information among these variables.For space environment volume data with multi-correlated variables,based on the HVQ-1d method we propose a further improved HVQ method by compositing variable-specific levels to reduce the redundant information among these variables.The volume data associated with each variable is divided into disjoint blocks of size 43 initially.The blocks are represented as two levels,a mean level and a detail level.The variable-specific mean levels and detail levels are combined respectively to form a larger global mean level and a larger global detail level.To both global levels,a splitting based on a principal component analysis is applied to compute initial codebooks.Then,LBG algorithm is conducted for codebook refinement and quantization.We further take advantage of progressive rendering based on GPU for real-time interactive visualization.Our method has been tested along with HVQ and HVQ-1d on high-energy proton flux volume data,including>5,>10,>30 and>50 MeV integrated proton flux.The results of our experiments prove that the method proposed in this paper pays the least cost of quality at compression,achieves a higher decompression and rendering speed compared with HVQ and provides satisficed fidelity while ensuring interactive rendering speed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11002068 and11202094)the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures(No.0113Y01)the Priority Academic Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The paper studies the nonlinear dynamics of a flexible tethered satellite system subject to space environments,such as the J_2perturbation,the air drag force,the solar pressure,the heating effect,and the orbital eccentricity.The flexible tether is modeled as a series of lumped masses and viscoelastic dampers so that a finite multidegree-of-freedom nonlinear system is obtained.The stability of equilibrium positions of the nonlinear system is then analyzed via a simplified two-degree-freedom model in an orbital reference frame.In-plane motions of the tethered satellite system are studied numerically,taking the space environments into account.A large number of numerical simulations show that the flexible tethered satellite system displays nonlinear dynamic characteristics,such as bifurcations,quasi-periodic oscillations,and chaotic motions.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (41525016,41474155,41661164034,41621004)Macao FDCT grant 001/2016/AFJsupported by the Thousand Young Talents Program of China
文摘The planet Earth is an integrated system, in which its multi-spheres are coupled, from the space to the inner core. Whether the space environment in short to long terms has been controlled by the earth's interior process is contentious. In the past several decades,space weather and space climate have been extensively studied based on either observation data measured directly by man-made instruments or ancient data inferred indirectly from some historical medium of past thousands of years. The acquired knowledge greatly helps us to understand the dynamic processes in the space environment of modern Earth, which has a strong magnetic dipole and an oxygen-rich atmosphere. However, no data is available for ancient space weather and climate(>5 ka). Here, we propose to take the advantage of " space-diversity" to build a " generalized planetary space family", to reconcile the ancient space environment evolution of planet Earth from modern observations of other planets in our solar system. Such a method could also in turn give us a valuable insight into other planets' evolution.
文摘Tianhe Core Module of China Space Station(CSS)equips a set of instruments consisting of a Particle Fluxes and Solar Activity Detector(PFSAD)and two Atmospheric Density Multi-directional Detectors(ADMDs).The PFSAD is to measure X-rays from the Sun and energetic particles in the low-latitude and low altitude regions,including electrons,protons,and helium ions.The ADMDs are to measure thermospheric atmospheric density.The instruments provide real-time data of the orbital space environment,including solar flares,energetic particle variation and thermospheric density enhancement.All the data contribute to the CSS space weather service for mission control and astronaut’s safety.The paper gives preliminary analyses of the space environment measurements from the PFSAD and the ADMDs.By further analysis,the 1024-channel fine spectra of the solar X-ray can be used to study the mechanism of solar flares and their impacts on the Earth’s atmosphere.Data accumulation will be helpful for analyzing mid-term and long-term variations of the South Atlantic Anomaly and atmosphere density.Furthermore,the data are useful to calibrate previous empirical models and establish new models to study the space environment.
文摘In the mid July, 2011, the GVU-600 space environment simulator developed by Bei-jing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering of China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) under China
文摘For the purpose of ensuring normal operations of Shenzhou (SZ) series of manned spacecrafts and cosmonauts' safety, Space Environment Monitors (SEM)are mounted on board SZ-2, 3, 4, 5. SEMs aim to detect the high energy particles, the low energy particles, charging potential, atmospheric desity and composition. Detection of SEMs enable us to understand better the space environment in the manned spacecraft's orbit, and to provide a good space environment services for the spacecraft and cosmonauts. In addition, by using the data from SEMs, we have achieved some scientific accomplishments, such as the energy spectra of precipitating electrons, the abnormal variety of atmospheric density and composition during geomagnetic disturbances, the electron angle distribution in the low orbit and so on.
基金Sponsored by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51138004)the National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2012BAJ10B02)
文摘Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption. This study aims to analyze regulative advantages of buffer zone to the surrounding functional spaces. Based on a fieldwork test in a typical office building in cold climate zone in Beijing,China,the monitor data show interior physical performance in the Winter. The research selects two types of different buffer zones in the same building. One is a south-faced greenhouse which has large dimension with plenty of vegetation,and the other is a simple atrium in the middle of five floor building with mount of skylights. The factors and their influence to surrounding functional spaces and the whole building are found out from the comparisons of collected data by floor to floor monitor test on both buffer zones at the same time. The comparisons of two types of buffer zones conclude that the greenhouse is more effective to air quality regulation but not so clearly wellperformed to thermal buffering as expected due to the dominate active central heating in the Winter. This fieldwork test results for building performance can be helpful for both architects and engineers in the early phase of sustainable design.
文摘This paper gives a brief introduction of YingHuo-1(YH-1),a Chinese Martian Space Environment Exploration Orbiter.YH-1 is a micro-satellite developed by Chinese Aerospace Industry,and will be launched together with Russian spacecraft,Phobos-Grunt,to orbit Mars in September,2009.Four payloads are selected for the mission,plasma package,including of electron analyzer,ion energy and mass analyzer;sat-sat occultation receiver;flux-gate magnetometer;and optical monitor.YH-1 mission focus on the investigation of the characteristics and its evolution of the Martian space Environment,and identifying major plasma processes,which provide channels for Martian volatiles escaping.
文摘To further study the characteristics of changes on the molecular level of rice mu-tants induced in space environment, we analyzed proteins in leaves and seeds of four rice mutants (two high-tillering and two low-tillering) in the 8th and 9th gen-erations after a 15-day spaceflight, and compared with their ground controls by two-dimentional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase liquid chro-matography (RPLC). In addition, the albumin, globulin, prolamine, glutelin, and amylose of the mutant seeds were analyzed by RPLC and ultra-violet spectrometry. The results showed that the low-abundance proteins of leaves in the peak tillering stage are more likely to be induced compared with their corresponding controls. The albumin, globulin, and prolamine of the mutant seeds revealed changes when compared with their controls, and the characteristics of changes in different mu-tants were stably inherited in the 8th and 9th generations, suggesting that they can be used as biomarkers to identity the mutants induced by spaceflight. More-over, two proteins (SSP9111 and SSP6302) were found to be expressed with high intensity (two-fold change) in different mutants, which were both correlated with photosystem according to mass spectrometry and database searching.
文摘Space travel since the 1960s has led to a number of physiological alterations to homeostasis in astronauts. Extensive variation in the pattern of responses observed has led a concerted effort to develop countermeasures to overcome such changes and restore homeostasis, and thus “health” is defined as more “Earth-like”. These adaptations to a space environment by a species which evolved and normally exists in the 1 g environment, the geomagnetic field, and background radiation of Earth are viewed as threats to health as defined by the conditions of Earth. Exposure to space can lead to alterations in genomic stability and epigenetic signatures, alterations which could redefine “health” and responses to risks for loss of health for those who will return to Earth. In contrast, in the future individuals born in non-Earth space environments will likely develop an integrated metabolic set point defined by those conditions. They will thus be shaped by both the local environments, and space-associated genomic/epigenomic alterations to their parents. Therefore, such an altered set point for those born and raised in non-Earth space environments will potentially have physiological and molecular consequences which may lead to either new evolutionary adaptation, or to compromise of long term health due to drastically altered set points for integrated physiologic function which is at odds with the evolutionary history of humans. The implications of the two options will be critical for defining “health” in altered environments encountered during space ventures, as well as providing insights into the regulation of human integrity at the physiological level. Therefore, the definition of “health” is dependent on the boundary conditions surrounding development and maturation, and is a dynamic concept.
文摘In this paper, China’s research work on space environment and its new development was introduced, which covered space environment probing especially satellite survey, collection and study of space environment data and models,space environment forecasting and effects of space environment on spacecraft as well.
文摘This paper presents the space environment detection of Chinese geosynchronous and sun-synchronous meteorological satellites and gives a short perspective of space environment observations on board meteorological satellites.
文摘The Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR, CAS)took on the mission of offering the space environment parameters which may be of use to the safety of manned spacecraft. In order to complete the space environment safety guarantee mission for SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC improved the space environment monitoring system, database system, prediction result display system, prediction implementation system, etc. For guaranteeing the safety of the airship and cosmonaut in the first manned SZ-5, flying experiment mission,SEPC developed the software for analyzing radiation dose and early-warning software for large debris collision with SZ-5. Three months before the flights of SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC began to predict the safe launch period in view of the space environment, and offered timely and valid reference opinions for selecting the safety period. Especially during the mission of SZ-5, SEPC analyzed the space high-energy environment in a pre-arranged orbit and abnormal orbit andevaluated the radiation dose which cosmonauts may encounter in space. The evaluation offered an important reference for cosmonaut safety and decisionmaking in the SZ-5 mission. The calculation of the distribution of large debris and the collision risk assessment at different orbit entry times for SZ-5 provided an important base for the superior department to make flight decisions.
文摘Abstract This paper presents the recent research progress on space environment in China. The space environment here includes space environment models, forecast methodology and space environment effects on spacecrafts. Finally the development trends of China's space environment research are discussed.
文摘With the increasing of users and the demands which are transforming from the monotonous traditional service to network service,Multiple space environment web applications including browser-client,rich-client and mobile-client applications have been developed by SEPC(Space Environment Prediction Center,NSSC,CAS)during the past few years.The architecture of Operational Space Environment Technology System(OSETS) that these applications rely on is described and the description of structural optimization of the architecture is provided.To demonstrate the evolution of the OSETS,three web application examples for e SpaceWx,Space Weather Situation Awareness Picture(SWSAP),Plug-and-Play SWx Analysis and Plotting Program(PPSWAP) are presented.
文摘In the early 1960s,with the ad-vent of the space era,it was quick-ly recognized that any object inspace was at risk due to the naturalmeteoroid environment.In the late1960s,it was recognized that
文摘This paper presents Chinese space environment detection and parts of results,and gives a short perspective of space environment observations on Chinese future satellites.
文摘Mammalian development and maturation, particularly processes for humans have evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth (i.e. 1 g gravity, geomagnetic field, background radiation) to yield functional individuals, although the process is not perfect and “errors” do occur. With the advent of spaceflight to low Earth orbit (the International Space Station), humans are now exposed to microgravity and increased exposure to radiation. However, thus far, only adult humans have served as astronauts, but this will likely change with plans to explore deep space and colonize planets. Thus, conception, fetal development, post-birth maturation, puberty and skeletal maturity will occur in the context of boundary conditions that did not shape human evolution and influence physiological and biomechanical systems designed to function within the Earth’s boundary conditions. Thus, processes utilizing the 1 g environment (i.e. walking upright) and the geomagnetic field (i.e. the electrical/biomagnetic basis of neural interactions) will have to adapt to new boundary conditions, providing opportunity for additional errors or alterations in processing during development which could impact functional outcomes at multiple levels. This review/perspective will discuss some of these issues and attempt to provide direction for addressing the potential issues to be encountered.
文摘During the past two years,space environment has achieved great development in space environment monitoring,model research,system developing and space environment service in China.In this paper,we mainly introduce space environment safety support for Shenzhou-7 manned spacecraft,two typical space environment operation platforms,and the advance of Re-locatable Atmospheric Observatory(RAO).At the last part of this paper,the Sub-committee on Space Environment(SSE) which was set up in 2009 under the Technical Committee on Space Technology and Operation of Standardization Administration of China is briefly introduced.
