An rGO−like carbon compound has been synthesized from biomass,i.e.,old coconut shell,by a carbonization process followed by heating at 400°C for 5 h.The nitrogen doping was achieved by adding the urea(CH4N2O)and ...An rGO−like carbon compound has been synthesized from biomass,i.e.,old coconut shell,by a carbonization process followed by heating at 400°C for 5 h.The nitrogen doping was achieved by adding the urea(CH4N2O)and stirring at 70°C for 14 h.The morphology and structure of the rGO-like carbon were investigated by electron microscopies and Raman spectroscopy.The presence of C-N functional groups was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared and synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy,while the particle and the specific capacitance were measured by particle sizer and cyclic voltammetry.The highest specific capacitance of 72.78 F/g is achieved by the sample with 20%urea,having the smallest particles size and the largest surface area.The corresponding sample has shown to be constituted by the appropriate amount of C–N pyrrolic and pyridinic defects.展开更多
For high performance supercapacitors, novel hierarchical yolk-shell α-Ni(OH)_(2)/Mn_(2)O_(3) microspheres were controllably synthesized using a facile two-step method based on the solvothermal treatment. The unique ...For high performance supercapacitors, novel hierarchical yolk-shell α-Ni(OH)_(2)/Mn_(2)O_(3) microspheres were controllably synthesized using a facile two-step method based on the solvothermal treatment. The unique α-Ni(OH)_(2) based yolk-shell microstructures decorated with numerous interconnected nanosheets and the heterocomposition features can synergistically enhance reactive site exposure and electron conduction within the microspheres, facilitate charge transfer between electrolyte and electrode materials, and release structural stress during OH− chemisorption/desorption. Moreover, the Mn2O3 sediments distributed over the α-Ni(OH)_(2) microspheres can serve as an effective protective layer for electrochemical reactions. Consequently, when tested in 1 mol·L^(−1) KOH aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitors, the yolk-shell α-Ni (OH)_(2)/Mn_(2)O_(3) microspheres exhibited a considerably high specific capacitance of 2228.6 F·g^(−1) at 1 A·g^(−1) and an impressive capacitance retention of 77.7% after 3000 cycles at 10 A·g^(−1). The proposed α-Ni(OH)_(2)/Mn_(2)O_(3) microspheres with hetero-composition and unique hierarchical yolk-shell microstructures are highly promising to be used as electrode materials in supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.展开更多
Over the last two decades,extensive study has been done on two-dimensional Molybdenum Sulphide(MoS_(2))due to its outstanding features in energy storage applications.Although MoS_(2)has a lot of active sulphur edges,t...Over the last two decades,extensive study has been done on two-dimensional Molybdenum Sulphide(MoS_(2))due to its outstanding features in energy storage applications.Although MoS_(2)has a lot of active sulphur edges,the presence of inactive surfaces leads to limit conductivity and efficiency.Hence,in this article,we aimed to promote the additional active sites by doping various weight percentages(2%,4%,6%,8%and 10%)of Nickel(Ni)into the MoS_(2)matrix by simple hydrothermal technique,and their doping effects were investigated with the help of Physio-chemical analyses.X-ray diffraction(XRD)pattern,Raman,and chemical composition(XPS)analyses were used to confirm the Ni incorporation in MoS_(2)nanosheets.Microscopic investigations demonstrated that Ni-doped MoS_(2)nanosheets were vertically aligned with enhanced interlayer spacing.Cyclic voltammetry,Galvanostatic charge-discharge,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigations were used to characterize the electrochemical characteristics.The 6%Ni-doped MoS_(2)electrode material showed better CSPof 528.7 F/g@1 A/g and excellent electrochemical stability(85%of capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g)compared to other electrode materials.Furthermore,the solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using Nidoped MoS_(2)and graphite as anode and cathode materials and analysed the electrochemical properties in the two-electrode system.To determine the impact of the Ni-atom on the MoS_(2)surface,firstprinciples computations were performed.Further,it was examined for electronic band structure,the projected density of states(PDOS)and Bader charge transfer analyses.展开更多
Taking the selection of coal-tar pitch as precursor and KOH as activated agent, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated for supercapacitor.The surface area and the pore structure of activated carbon wer...Taking the selection of coal-tar pitch as precursor and KOH as activated agent, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated for supercapacitor.The surface area and the pore structure of activated carbon were analyzed by Nitro adsorption method. The electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were determined using two-electrode capacitors in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolytes. The influences of activated temperature and mass ratio of KOH to C on the pore structure and electrochemical property of porous activated carbon were investigated in detail. The reasons for the changes of pore structure and electrochemical performance of activated carbon prepared under different conditions were also discussed theoretically. The results indicate that the maximum specific capacitance of 240 F/g can be obtained in alkaline medium, and the surface area, the pore structure and the specific capacitance of activated carbon depend on the treatment methods; the capacitance variation of activated carbon cannot be interpreted only by the change of surface area and pore structure, the lattice order and the electrolyte wetting effect of the activated carbon should also be taken into account.展开更多
Because of the low energy requirement and the environmentally safe byproducts, the capacitive deionization water desalination technology has attracted the attention of many researchers. The important requirements for ...Because of the low energy requirement and the environmentally safe byproducts, the capacitive deionization water desalination technology has attracted the attention of many researchers. The important requirements for electrode materials are good electrical conductivity, high surface area, good chemical stability and high specific capacitance. In this study, metallic nanoparticles that are encapsulated in a graphite shell(Cd doped Co/C NPs) are introduced as the new electrode material for the capacitive deionization process because they have higher specific capacitance than the pristine carbonaceous materials. Cd doped Co/C NPs perform better than graphene and the activated carbon. The introduced nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple sol gel technique. A typical sol gel composed of cadmium acetate, cobalt acetate and poly(vinyl alcohol)was prepared based on the polycondensation property of the acetates. The physiochemical characterizations that were used confirmed that the drying, grinding and calcination in an Ar atmosphere of the prepared gel produced the Cd doped Co nanoparticles, which were encapsulated in a thin graphite layer. Overall, the present study suggests a new method to effectively use the encapsulated bimetallic nanostructures in the capacitive deionization technology.展开更多
Recently,more and more supercapacitors(SCs)have been developed as AC line filter capacitors,which are generally named AC line filter electrochemical capacitors(FECs).Compared to traditional bulky aluminum electrolytic...Recently,more and more supercapacitors(SCs)have been developed as AC line filter capacitors,which are generally named AC line filter electrochemical capacitors(FECs).Compared to traditional bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors(AECs),FECs have higher capacity and lower space occupancy,which makes them a strong competitor.However,different from the common SCs for energy storage,it is necessary to consider the frequency response of the SCs for AC line filtering,where the contradiction between frequency response and specific capacitance is a challenge.The researchers have proposed different solutions from the perspective of materials,morphology,and configuration for this challenge.Based on the above background,in this review,we briefly introduce the principle and parameters of AC line filter electrochemical capacitors.We systematically summarize the state-of-the-art progresses of FECs and discuss their possible application and development in the future.The development of FECs can greatly promote the planarization,integration,and miniaturization of filter capacitors,and provide a new solution for the utilization of green and unstable energy.展开更多
Using the mesophase pitch as precursor, KOH and CO2 as activated agents, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated by physical-chemical combined activated technique for supercapacitor. The influence of ac...Using the mesophase pitch as precursor, KOH and CO2 as activated agents, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated by physical-chemical combined activated technique for supercapacitor. The influence of activated process on the pore structure of activated carbon was analyzed and 14 F supercapacitor with working voltage of 2.5 V was prepared. The charge and discharge behaviors, the properties of cyclic voltammetry, specific capacitance, equivalent serials resistance （ESR）, cycle properties, and temperature properties of prepared supercapacitor were examined. The cyclic voltammetry curve results indicate that the carbon based supercapacitor using the self-made activated carbon as electrode materials shows the desired capacitance properties. In 1 mol/L Et4NBF4/AN electrolyte, the capacitance and ESR of the supercapacitor are 14.7 F and 60 mΩ respectively, The specific capacitance of activated carbon electrode materials is 99.6 F/g; its energy density can reach 2,96 W.h/kg under the large current discharge condition, There is no obvious capacitance decay that can be observed after 5000 cycles, The leakage current is below 0,2 mA after keeping the voltage at 2.5 V for l h, Meanwhile, the supercapacitor shows desired temperature property; it can be operated normally in the temperature ranging from -40 ℃to 70 ℃,展开更多
We report here the activated carbon and cobalt hexacyanoferrate composite,which is applied as the electrode materials in symmetric supercapacitors containing a 1.0 M Na_(2)SO_(4) aqueous electrolyte.This novel materia...We report here the activated carbon and cobalt hexacyanoferrate composite,which is applied as the electrode materials in symmetric supercapacitors containing a 1.0 M Na_(2)SO_(4) aqueous electrolyte.This novel material combines high specific surface area and electrochemical stability of activated carbon with the redox properties of cobalt hexacyanoferrate,resulting in maximum specific capacitance of 329 F g^(-1) with large voltage working window of 2.0 V.Electrochemical studies indicated that cobalt hexacyanoferrate introduces important pseudocapacitive properties accounting for the overall charge-storage process,especially when I<0.5 A g^(-1).At lower gravimetric currents(e.g.,0.05 A g^(-1))and up to 1.0 V,the presence of cobalt hexacyanoferrate improves the specific energy for more than 300%.In addition,to better understanding the energy storage process we also provided a careful investigation of the electrode materials under dynamic polarization conditions using the in situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron light Xray diffraction techniques.Interesting complementary findings were obtained in these studies.We believe that this novel electrode material is promising for applications regarding the energy-storage process in pseudocapacitors with long lifespan properties.展开更多
MnO_(2)/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction.Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor,which was activated by ZnCl_(2) and FeCl_(3) combining chemical agents under Ar atm...MnO_(2)/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction.Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor,which was activated by ZnCl_(2) and FeCl_(3) combining chemical agents under Ar atmosphere.Thin and flower-like MnO_(2) nanowires were in-situ anchored on the surface of the biomass carbon.The biomass carbon not only offered high conductivity and good structural stability but also relieved the large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process.The obtained MnO_(2)/biomass carbon nanocomposite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance(238 F·g^(-1) at 0.5 A·g^(-1))and a superior cycling stability with only 7% degradation after 2000 cycles.The observed good electrochemical performance is accredited to the materials’high specific surface area,multilevel hierarchical structure,and good conductivity.This study proposes a promising method that utilizes biological waste and broadens MnO_(2)-based electrode material application for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.展开更多
Activated carbons(ACs) with a wide range of surface areas were made from petroleum coke by means of KOH activation. The electrochemical characterization was carried out for several activated carbons used as polarizabl...Activated carbons(ACs) with a wide range of surface areas were made from petroleum coke by means of KOH activation. The electrochemical characterization was carried out for several activated carbons used as polarizable electrodes of electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs) in an aqueous electrolytic solution. The porous structures and electrochemical double-layer capacitance of the activated carbons were investigated by virtue of nitrogen gas adsorption and constant current cycling(CCC) methods. The relationship among the surface area, pore volume of the activated carbons and specific double-layer capacitance was discussed. It was found that the specific capacitance of ACs increased linearly with the increase of surface area. The presence of mesopores in the activated carbons with very high surface area(>2000 m\+2/g) was not very effective for them to be used as EDLCs. The influence of chemical characteristics of the activated carbons on the double layer formation could be considered to be negligible.展开更多
One-dimensional graphene fibers(GFs)possess excellent properties,including high electrical conductivity,good physical and chemical stability,high thermal conductivity,flexibility,etc.GFs are ideal electrode materials ...One-dimensional graphene fibers(GFs)possess excellent properties,including high electrical conductivity,good physical and chemical stability,high thermal conductivity,flexibility,etc.GFs are ideal electrode materials for fiber-shaped supercapacitors.However,due to the lack of an effective method to manufacture GFs with high specific capacitance,their low energy density hinders their practical application.Herein,we decorated wet-spun graphene oxide fibers(GOFs)by dip-coating them with graphene oxide(GO)solutions containing different contents of lignin to obtain a core-sheath lignin/GO composite fibers.After carbonization and activation,we successfully prepared lignin derived carbon/GF electrodes.The assembled fiber-shaped supercapacitors(FSSCs)exhibit a specific capacitance of 9.98 mF/cm^(2)and an energy density of 0.89μW·h/cm^(2),about 6 times of those of pure GFs(1.57 mF/cm^(2)and 0.14μW·h/cm^(2),respectively),long cycling life and cycling stability.This suggests that the introduction of lignin derived carbon into GFs can effectively increase the specific capacitance and the energy density of FSSCs.展开更多
Manganese dioxide was synthesized by electrodeposition method with Mn （CH3COO）24H2O as a raw material. La（NO3）3？6H2O was doped in electroyte during the preparing process to improve the performance of MnO2 electro...Manganese dioxide was synthesized by electrodeposition method with Mn （CH3COO）24H2O as a raw material. La（NO3）3？6H2O was doped in electroyte during the preparing process to improve the performance of MnO2 electrodes. The micrographs, crystal structure and element content of electrodes were analyzed by SEM, XRD and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. It is found that the La content ratio in the dioxide can be easily controlled by adjusting the composition of the plating solution. Appropriate amount of doped La can increase the surface area of Mn/La materials, resulting in the supercapacitive behavior enhancement. Electrochemical tests show that the specific capacitance is significantely increased from 198.72 F？g-1 to 276.60 F？g-1 by La-doping.展开更多
Activated carbon aerogels（ACAs） derived from sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol （R） and formaldehyde （F） were pyrolyzed under Ar flow and activated in CO2 atmosphere. The morphology of ACAs was characterized...Activated carbon aerogels（ACAs） derived from sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol （R） and formaldehyde （F） were pyrolyzed under Ar flow and activated in CO2 atmosphere. The morphology of ACAs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the structural properties were determined by N2 adsorption at 77 K. The results show that ACAs have a typical three-dimensional nanonetwork structure composing of cross-linking of carbon nanoparticles. The specific surface area and the total pore volume remarkably increase with increasing activation time while the previous porous structure still remains. The specific capacitance of the 950-10-ACA electrode can reach up to 212.3 F/g in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte. The results of constant-current charge-discharge testing indicate that the ACAs electrodes present fast charge- discharge rate and long cycle life （about 98% capacitance retained after 3000 charge-discharge cycles at 1.25 mA/cm2）. Lower internal resistances can be achieved for 950-10-ACA electrode in KOH electrolyte. Our investigations are very important to improve the wettability and electrochemical performance of electrode for supercapacitors.展开更多
Manganese oxides are of interest as, among a number of other applications, supercapacitor materials for energy storage systems. Nsutite, a naturally occurring Manganese Oxide was studied as a possible high-volume sour...Manganese oxides are of interest as, among a number of other applications, supercapacitor materials for energy storage systems. Nsutite, a naturally occurring Manganese Oxide was studied as a possible high-volume source of materials for supercapacitor applications. X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis (DSC/TGA) measurements were carried out to characterize its physical properties, and Cyclic Voltametry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements were carried out to obtain its electrochemical properties. The XRD and thermal results support transitions of nsutite, upon heating which were attributed to conversion to MnO<sub>2</sub>, and to Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and eventually to Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The electrochemical results of the as mined material show supercapacitance behaviour, suggesting that nsutite, with some heat processing, is to be a promising high-volume source of manganese oxides for supercapacitor applications.展开更多
<p style="margin-left:10.0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We present the electrical and supercapacitive performance of graphe...<p style="margin-left:10.0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We present the electrical and supercapacitive performance of graphene nanoplatelets in polymer nanocomposites and flexible solid state electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC) respectively. Graphene-doped poly</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glass exhibited transmittance above 95% and electrical conductivity of 2.70 × 10<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span>cm<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 9.01 × 10<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span>cm<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively. Graphene loaded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites showed electrical conductivity as high as 2.11 × 10<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span>cm<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at low loadings of 2</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wt%. The use of graphene was necessitated by the need to increase the EDLC capacitance and energy density since it provides high effective surface area. The polymer gel membrane made from polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP) and the Ionic Liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate exhibited high porosity which made it suitable for use as separator in the EDLC. The highes</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t recorded specific capacitance was 133.82 F/g which can be attributed to the porosity of the IL containing PVDF-co-HFP membrane and the large surface area of the graphene electrodes. At an operating voltage of 3.5 V the energy density was found to be 56.92 Wh<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span>Kg<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. All chemicals were research grade and were obtained from Sigma Aldrich.</span></span></span></span> </p>展开更多
This paper presents a new technique in the high dielectric constant composite oxide film preparation. On the basis of nano-compsite high dielectric constant aluminum oxide fdm growth technology, a new idea of adultera...This paper presents a new technique in the high dielectric constant composite oxide film preparation. On the basis of nano-compsite high dielectric constant aluminum oxide fdm growth technology, a new idea of adulterating Si oxide species into the aluminum composite film was proposed. As a result, the specific capacitance and withstanding voltage of the composite oxide film formed at the anodizing voltage of 20V are enhanced, and the leakage current of the aluminum composite oxide fdm is reduced through incorporation of Si oxide species.展开更多
Superhydrophilic surfaces have been applied for supercapacitor;however,during energy storage reaction,how the wettability affects the process of electrochemical reaction specifically is still unclear.Herein,we demonst...Superhydrophilic surfaces have been applied for supercapacitor;however,during energy storage reaction,how the wettability affects the process of electrochemical reaction specifically is still unclear.Herein,we demonstrate superhydrophilic surface for promotion of electrochemical reactions by liquid affinity and further explain the mechanism,where the transition of the wettability state caused by the change in surface free energy is the main reason for the obvious increase in specific capacitance.Through citric acid assistance strategy,an intrinsically hydrophobic Ni(OH)_(2)thick nanosheets(HNHTNs,16 nm)can be transitioned into superhydrophilic Ni(OH)_(2)ultrathin nanosheets(SNHUNs,6.8 nm),where the water contact angle was 0°and the surface free energy increased from 8.6to 65.8 mN·m^(-1),implying superhydrophilicity.Compared with HNHTNs,the specific capacitance of SNHUNs is doubled:from 1230 F·g^(-1)(HNHTNs)to 2350 F·g^(-1)(2A·g^(-1))and,even at 20 A·g^(-1),from 833 F·g^(-1)(HNHTNs)to 1670 F·g^(-1).The asymmetric capacitors assembled by SNHUNs and activated carbon show 52.44 Wh·kg^(-1)at 160W·kg^(-1)and excellent stability with~90%retention after5000 cycles(~80%retention after 9500 cycles).The promotion of electrochemical performances is ascribed to the change of surface wettability caused by surface free energy,which greatly increase affinity of electrode to the surrounding liquid environment to reduce the interface resistance and optimize the electron transport path.展开更多
Solid-state flexible supercapacitors(SCs)have many advantages of high specific capacitance,excellent flexibility,fast charging and discharging,high power density,environmental friendliness,high safety,light weight,duc...Solid-state flexible supercapacitors(SCs)have many advantages of high specific capacitance,excellent flexibility,fast charging and discharging,high power density,environmental friendliness,high safety,light weight,ductility,and long cycle stability.They are the ideal choice for the development of flexible energy storage technology in the future,and provide a good prospect for energy storage applications.At present,solid-state flexible SCs are widely used for portable electronic equipment and wearable energy storage equipment,the research of them has become the focus of a growing number of researchers.Electrode material is the key part of SCs and always determines the electrochemical performance of SCs.It has been a hotspot and focus of research.Vanadium-based compounds are considered to be a promising electrode material for SCs because of variable valence,open structure,high theoretical capacity,and low price.Therefore,this study first gives an overview of solid-state flexible SCs,then reviews the current research status of vanadium-based electrode materials in solid-state flexible SCs,and proposes some strategies to solve some problems of vanadium-based electrode materials.展开更多
In this work,a facile"carbonization-activation"strategy is developed to synthesize N,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon.Phosphoric acid is innovatively introduced during the hydrothermal process to achieve...In this work,a facile"carbonization-activation"strategy is developed to synthesize N,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon.Phosphoric acid is innovatively introduced during the hydrothermal process to achieve in-situ P doping as well as create abundant pores,and the employment of sodamide is of vital importance to simultaneously serve as activating agent and N-source to succeed a high-level N doping.Thus,the obtained samples exhibit a unique three-dimensional hierarchical structure with an ultra-high specific surface area(3646 m^(2)g^(-1))and ultra-high N-doping level(9.81 at.%).Computational analyses confirm that N,P co-doping and higher N content can enhance active sites and widen potential differences of carbon materials to improve their capacitance.The as-prepared carbon materials demonstrate superior electrochemical performances,such as an ultra-high capacitance of 586 Fg^(-1)at 1 Ag^(-1),a superior rate capability of 409 Fg^(-1)at 20 Ag^(-1),and excellent long-term stability of 97%capacitance retention after10,000 cycles in 6 M KOH.Moreover,an assembled symmetric supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 28.1 Wh kg^(-1)at the power density of 450 W kg^(-1)in 1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),demonstrating a great potential for applications in supercapacitors.展开更多
Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene is an auspicious energy storage material due to its metallic conductivity and layered assembly.However,in the real working condition of electrochemical energy storage with long cycle charging-discharg...Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene is an auspicious energy storage material due to its metallic conductivity and layered assembly.However,in the real working condition of electrochemical energy storage with long cycle charging-discharging,a structural collapse is usually caused by the stacking of its layers creating a large attenuation of specific capacitance.Inspired by the superlattice effect of magic angle graphene,we conducted microscopical regulation of rotation mismatch on the Ti_(3)C_(2)lattice;consequently,a hexagonal fewlayered Ti_(3)C_(2)free-standing film constructed with Moiré-superlattices.Such finding not only solves the problem of Ti_(3)C_(2)structural collapse but also dramatically improves the specific capacitance of Ti_(3)C_(2)as a supercapacitor electrode under long cycle charging and discharging.The ultra-stable energy storage of this electrode material in a neutral aqueous electrolyte was realized.Moreover,the formation mechanism of rotating Moirépattern is revealed through microscopy and microanalysis of the produced Moirépattern,assisted with modeling and analyzing the underlying mechanism between the Moirépattern and the rotation angle.Our work provides experimental and theoretical support for future construction of Moiré-superlattice structure for a wide range of MXene phases and is undoubtedly promoting the development of MXene materials in the field of energy storage.展开更多
基金supported by“Hibah Penelitian Dasar Kompetitif Nasional”,Ministry of Education,Culture,Research and Technology,Indonesia,2021–2022(D).The use of the synchrotron XPES facility at SLRI(Public Organization),Thailand,and some experimental facilities at UNIMAP and UPM,Malaysia,would also be appreciated.
文摘An rGO−like carbon compound has been synthesized from biomass,i.e.,old coconut shell,by a carbonization process followed by heating at 400°C for 5 h.The nitrogen doping was achieved by adding the urea(CH4N2O)and stirring at 70°C for 14 h.The morphology and structure of the rGO-like carbon were investigated by electron microscopies and Raman spectroscopy.The presence of C-N functional groups was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared and synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy,while the particle and the specific capacitance were measured by particle sizer and cyclic voltammetry.The highest specific capacitance of 72.78 F/g is achieved by the sample with 20%urea,having the smallest particles size and the largest surface area.The corresponding sample has shown to be constituted by the appropriate amount of C–N pyrrolic and pyridinic defects.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21908037,91834301)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.JZ2019HGBZ0147).
文摘For high performance supercapacitors, novel hierarchical yolk-shell α-Ni(OH)_(2)/Mn_(2)O_(3) microspheres were controllably synthesized using a facile two-step method based on the solvothermal treatment. The unique α-Ni(OH)_(2) based yolk-shell microstructures decorated with numerous interconnected nanosheets and the heterocomposition features can synergistically enhance reactive site exposure and electron conduction within the microspheres, facilitate charge transfer between electrolyte and electrode materials, and release structural stress during OH− chemisorption/desorption. Moreover, the Mn2O3 sediments distributed over the α-Ni(OH)_(2) microspheres can serve as an effective protective layer for electrochemical reactions. Consequently, when tested in 1 mol·L^(−1) KOH aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitors, the yolk-shell α-Ni (OH)_(2)/Mn_(2)O_(3) microspheres exhibited a considerably high specific capacitance of 2228.6 F·g^(−1) at 1 A·g^(−1) and an impressive capacitance retention of 77.7% after 3000 cycles at 10 A·g^(−1). The proposed α-Ni(OH)_(2)/Mn_(2)O_(3) microspheres with hetero-composition and unique hierarchical yolk-shell microstructures are highly promising to be used as electrode materials in supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.
文摘Over the last two decades,extensive study has been done on two-dimensional Molybdenum Sulphide(MoS_(2))due to its outstanding features in energy storage applications.Although MoS_(2)has a lot of active sulphur edges,the presence of inactive surfaces leads to limit conductivity and efficiency.Hence,in this article,we aimed to promote the additional active sites by doping various weight percentages(2%,4%,6%,8%and 10%)of Nickel(Ni)into the MoS_(2)matrix by simple hydrothermal technique,and their doping effects were investigated with the help of Physio-chemical analyses.X-ray diffraction(XRD)pattern,Raman,and chemical composition(XPS)analyses were used to confirm the Ni incorporation in MoS_(2)nanosheets.Microscopic investigations demonstrated that Ni-doped MoS_(2)nanosheets were vertically aligned with enhanced interlayer spacing.Cyclic voltammetry,Galvanostatic charge-discharge,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigations were used to characterize the electrochemical characteristics.The 6%Ni-doped MoS_(2)electrode material showed better CSPof 528.7 F/g@1 A/g and excellent electrochemical stability(85%of capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g)compared to other electrode materials.Furthermore,the solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using Nidoped MoS_(2)and graphite as anode and cathode materials and analysed the electrochemical properties in the two-electrode system.To determine the impact of the Ni-atom on the MoS_(2)surface,firstprinciples computations were performed.Further,it was examined for electronic band structure,the projected density of states(PDOS)and Bader charge transfer analyses.
基金Project(2005CB623703) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China project(5JJ30103) supported bythe Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province
文摘Taking the selection of coal-tar pitch as precursor and KOH as activated agent, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated for supercapacitor.The surface area and the pore structure of activated carbon were analyzed by Nitro adsorption method. The electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were determined using two-electrode capacitors in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolytes. The influences of activated temperature and mass ratio of KOH to C on the pore structure and electrochemical property of porous activated carbon were investigated in detail. The reasons for the changes of pore structure and electrochemical performance of activated carbon prepared under different conditions were also discussed theoretically. The results indicate that the maximum specific capacitance of 240 F/g can be obtained in alkaline medium, and the surface area, the pore structure and the specific capacitance of activated carbon depend on the treatment methods; the capacitance variation of activated carbon cannot be interpreted only by the change of surface area and pore structure, the lattice order and the electrolyte wetting effect of the activated carbon should also be taken into account.
基金financially supported by the National Plan for Science & Technology (NPST), King Saud University Project No. 11-NAN1460-02
文摘Because of the low energy requirement and the environmentally safe byproducts, the capacitive deionization water desalination technology has attracted the attention of many researchers. The important requirements for electrode materials are good electrical conductivity, high surface area, good chemical stability and high specific capacitance. In this study, metallic nanoparticles that are encapsulated in a graphite shell(Cd doped Co/C NPs) are introduced as the new electrode material for the capacitive deionization process because they have higher specific capacitance than the pristine carbonaceous materials. Cd doped Co/C NPs perform better than graphene and the activated carbon. The introduced nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple sol gel technique. A typical sol gel composed of cadmium acetate, cobalt acetate and poly(vinyl alcohol)was prepared based on the polycondensation property of the acetates. The physiochemical characterizations that were used confirmed that the drying, grinding and calcination in an Ar atmosphere of the prepared gel produced the Cd doped Co nanoparticles, which were encapsulated in a thin graphite layer. Overall, the present study suggests a new method to effectively use the encapsulated bimetallic nanostructures in the capacitive deionization technology.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20209)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2021C01030)+7 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD19E020001)Open Project of Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education,Zhejiang UniversityNational Key R@D Program of China(2016YFB0100100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872283,22075279,21805273)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807153)Dalian Innovation Support Plan for High Level Talents(2019RT09)Dalian National Laboratory For Clean Energy(DNL),CAS,DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201912 and DNL201915)DICP(DICP ZZBS201708,DICP ZZBS201802,and DICP I2020032).
文摘Recently,more and more supercapacitors(SCs)have been developed as AC line filter capacitors,which are generally named AC line filter electrochemical capacitors(FECs).Compared to traditional bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors(AECs),FECs have higher capacity and lower space occupancy,which makes them a strong competitor.However,different from the common SCs for energy storage,it is necessary to consider the frequency response of the SCs for AC line filtering,where the contradiction between frequency response and specific capacitance is a challenge.The researchers have proposed different solutions from the perspective of materials,morphology,and configuration for this challenge.Based on the above background,in this review,we briefly introduce the principle and parameters of AC line filter electrochemical capacitors.We systematically summarize the state-of-the-art progresses of FECs and discuss their possible application and development in the future.The development of FECs can greatly promote the planarization,integration,and miniaturization of filter capacitors,and provide a new solution for the utilization of green and unstable energy.
基金Project(2007BAE12800) supported by the National Supported Plan for Science and TechnologyProject(06FJ4059) supported by the Hunan Provincial Academician Foundation
文摘Using the mesophase pitch as precursor, KOH and CO2 as activated agents, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated by physical-chemical combined activated technique for supercapacitor. The influence of activated process on the pore structure of activated carbon was analyzed and 14 F supercapacitor with working voltage of 2.5 V was prepared. The charge and discharge behaviors, the properties of cyclic voltammetry, specific capacitance, equivalent serials resistance （ESR）, cycle properties, and temperature properties of prepared supercapacitor were examined. The cyclic voltammetry curve results indicate that the carbon based supercapacitor using the self-made activated carbon as electrode materials shows the desired capacitance properties. In 1 mol/L Et4NBF4/AN electrolyte, the capacitance and ESR of the supercapacitor are 14.7 F and 60 mΩ respectively, The specific capacitance of activated carbon electrode materials is 99.6 F/g; its energy density can reach 2,96 W.h/kg under the large current discharge condition, There is no obvious capacitance decay that can be observed after 5000 cycles, The leakage current is below 0,2 mA after keeping the voltage at 2.5 V for l h, Meanwhile, the supercapacitor shows desired temperature property; it can be operated normally in the temperature ranging from -40 ℃to 70 ℃,
基金the financial support from the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq(301486/2016-6)FAPESP(2014/02163-7,2017/11958-1,2018/20756-6)+2 种基金FAPEMIG(Financial support for the LMMA/UFVJM Laboratory)CNPq(PQ-2 grant:Process 301095/2018-3)the support from Shell and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP(Brazil’s National Oil,Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency)through the R&D levy regulation。
文摘We report here the activated carbon and cobalt hexacyanoferrate composite,which is applied as the electrode materials in symmetric supercapacitors containing a 1.0 M Na_(2)SO_(4) aqueous electrolyte.This novel material combines high specific surface area and electrochemical stability of activated carbon with the redox properties of cobalt hexacyanoferrate,resulting in maximum specific capacitance of 329 F g^(-1) with large voltage working window of 2.0 V.Electrochemical studies indicated that cobalt hexacyanoferrate introduces important pseudocapacitive properties accounting for the overall charge-storage process,especially when I<0.5 A g^(-1).At lower gravimetric currents(e.g.,0.05 A g^(-1))and up to 1.0 V,the presence of cobalt hexacyanoferrate improves the specific energy for more than 300%.In addition,to better understanding the energy storage process we also provided a careful investigation of the electrode materials under dynamic polarization conditions using the in situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron light Xray diffraction techniques.Interesting complementary findings were obtained in these studies.We believe that this novel electrode material is promising for applications regarding the energy-storage process in pseudocapacitors with long lifespan properties.
基金financially supported by the project“National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program”,China under grant No.190170009.
文摘MnO_(2)/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction.Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor,which was activated by ZnCl_(2) and FeCl_(3) combining chemical agents under Ar atmosphere.Thin and flower-like MnO_(2) nanowires were in-situ anchored on the surface of the biomass carbon.The biomass carbon not only offered high conductivity and good structural stability but also relieved the large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process.The obtained MnO_(2)/biomass carbon nanocomposite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance(238 F·g^(-1) at 0.5 A·g^(-1))and a superior cycling stability with only 7% degradation after 2000 cycles.The observed good electrochemical performance is accredited to the materials’high specific surface area,multilevel hierarchical structure,and good conductivity.This study proposes a promising method that utilizes biological waste and broadens MnO_(2)-based electrode material application for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.
基金Supported by the Young Teacher Scientific Research Foundation of BU CT(No.QN0 2 4 9) and National Natural ScienceFoundation(No.5 0 2 72 0 70 )
文摘Activated carbons(ACs) with a wide range of surface areas were made from petroleum coke by means of KOH activation. The electrochemical characterization was carried out for several activated carbons used as polarizable electrodes of electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs) in an aqueous electrolytic solution. The porous structures and electrochemical double-layer capacitance of the activated carbons were investigated by virtue of nitrogen gas adsorption and constant current cycling(CCC) methods. The relationship among the surface area, pore volume of the activated carbons and specific double-layer capacitance was discussed. It was found that the specific capacitance of ACs increased linearly with the increase of surface area. The presence of mesopores in the activated carbons with very high surface area(>2000 m\+2/g) was not very effective for them to be used as EDLCs. The influence of chemical characteristics of the activated carbons on the double layer formation could be considered to be negligible.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51903033)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.2232020G-01 and 20D110110)Shanghai Sailing Program,China(No.19YF1400800)。
文摘One-dimensional graphene fibers(GFs)possess excellent properties,including high electrical conductivity,good physical and chemical stability,high thermal conductivity,flexibility,etc.GFs are ideal electrode materials for fiber-shaped supercapacitors.However,due to the lack of an effective method to manufacture GFs with high specific capacitance,their low energy density hinders their practical application.Herein,we decorated wet-spun graphene oxide fibers(GOFs)by dip-coating them with graphene oxide(GO)solutions containing different contents of lignin to obtain a core-sheath lignin/GO composite fibers.After carbonization and activation,we successfully prepared lignin derived carbon/GF electrodes.The assembled fiber-shaped supercapacitors(FSSCs)exhibit a specific capacitance of 9.98 mF/cm^(2)and an energy density of 0.89μW·h/cm^(2),about 6 times of those of pure GFs(1.57 mF/cm^(2)and 0.14μW·h/cm^(2),respectively),long cycling life and cycling stability.This suggests that the introduction of lignin derived carbon into GFs can effectively increase the specific capacitance and the energy density of FSSCs.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2008000758)
文摘Manganese dioxide was synthesized by electrodeposition method with Mn （CH3COO）24H2O as a raw material. La（NO3）3？6H2O was doped in electroyte during the preparing process to improve the performance of MnO2 electrodes. The micrographs, crystal structure and element content of electrodes were analyzed by SEM, XRD and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. It is found that the La content ratio in the dioxide can be easily controlled by adjusting the composition of the plating solution. Appropriate amount of doped La can increase the surface area of Mn/La materials, resulting in the supercapacitive behavior enhancement. Electrochemical tests show that the specific capacitance is significantely increased from 198.72 F？g-1 to 276.60 F？g-1 by La-doping.
基金Funded by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.11074176 and 10976019)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20100181110080)
文摘Activated carbon aerogels（ACAs） derived from sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol （R） and formaldehyde （F） were pyrolyzed under Ar flow and activated in CO2 atmosphere. The morphology of ACAs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the structural properties were determined by N2 adsorption at 77 K. The results show that ACAs have a typical three-dimensional nanonetwork structure composing of cross-linking of carbon nanoparticles. The specific surface area and the total pore volume remarkably increase with increasing activation time while the previous porous structure still remains. The specific capacitance of the 950-10-ACA electrode can reach up to 212.3 F/g in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte. The results of constant-current charge-discharge testing indicate that the ACAs electrodes present fast charge- discharge rate and long cycle life （about 98% capacitance retained after 3000 charge-discharge cycles at 1.25 mA/cm2）. Lower internal resistances can be achieved for 950-10-ACA electrode in KOH electrolyte. Our investigations are very important to improve the wettability and electrochemical performance of electrode for supercapacitors.
文摘Manganese oxides are of interest as, among a number of other applications, supercapacitor materials for energy storage systems. Nsutite, a naturally occurring Manganese Oxide was studied as a possible high-volume source of materials for supercapacitor applications. X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis (DSC/TGA) measurements were carried out to characterize its physical properties, and Cyclic Voltametry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements were carried out to obtain its electrochemical properties. The XRD and thermal results support transitions of nsutite, upon heating which were attributed to conversion to MnO<sub>2</sub>, and to Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and eventually to Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The electrochemical results of the as mined material show supercapacitance behaviour, suggesting that nsutite, with some heat processing, is to be a promising high-volume source of manganese oxides for supercapacitor applications.
文摘<p style="margin-left:10.0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We present the electrical and supercapacitive performance of graphene nanoplatelets in polymer nanocomposites and flexible solid state electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC) respectively. Graphene-doped poly</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glass exhibited transmittance above 95% and electrical conductivity of 2.70 × 10<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span>cm<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 9.01 × 10<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span>cm<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively. Graphene loaded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites showed electrical conductivity as high as 2.11 × 10<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span>cm<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at low loadings of 2</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wt%. The use of graphene was necessitated by the need to increase the EDLC capacitance and energy density since it provides high effective surface area. The polymer gel membrane made from polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP) and the Ionic Liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate exhibited high porosity which made it suitable for use as separator in the EDLC. The highes</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t recorded specific capacitance was 133.82 F/g which can be attributed to the porosity of the IL containing PVDF-co-HFP membrane and the large surface area of the graphene electrodes. At an operating voltage of 3.5 V the energy density was found to be 56.92 Wh<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">·</span>Kg<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"="">ˉ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. All chemicals were research grade and were obtained from Sigma Aldrich.</span></span></span></span> </p>
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60601006.
文摘This paper presents a new technique in the high dielectric constant composite oxide film preparation. On the basis of nano-compsite high dielectric constant aluminum oxide fdm growth technology, a new idea of adulterating Si oxide species into the aluminum composite film was proposed. As a result, the specific capacitance and withstanding voltage of the composite oxide film formed at the anodizing voltage of 20V are enhanced, and the leakage current of the aluminum composite oxide fdm is reduced through incorporation of Si oxide species.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278349 and 62071413)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Nos.B2020203013 and F2020203056)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(No.QN2020137)Subsidy for Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry after Operation Performance(No.22567616H)the Cultivation Project for Basic Research Innovation of Yanshan University(No.2021LGZD015)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.LH2022B025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Heilongjiang Province(No.KYYWF10236190104)。
文摘Superhydrophilic surfaces have been applied for supercapacitor;however,during energy storage reaction,how the wettability affects the process of electrochemical reaction specifically is still unclear.Herein,we demonstrate superhydrophilic surface for promotion of electrochemical reactions by liquid affinity and further explain the mechanism,where the transition of the wettability state caused by the change in surface free energy is the main reason for the obvious increase in specific capacitance.Through citric acid assistance strategy,an intrinsically hydrophobic Ni(OH)_(2)thick nanosheets(HNHTNs,16 nm)can be transitioned into superhydrophilic Ni(OH)_(2)ultrathin nanosheets(SNHUNs,6.8 nm),where the water contact angle was 0°and the surface free energy increased from 8.6to 65.8 mN·m^(-1),implying superhydrophilicity.Compared with HNHTNs,the specific capacitance of SNHUNs is doubled:from 1230 F·g^(-1)(HNHTNs)to 2350 F·g^(-1)(2A·g^(-1))and,even at 20 A·g^(-1),from 833 F·g^(-1)(HNHTNs)to 1670 F·g^(-1).The asymmetric capacitors assembled by SNHUNs and activated carbon show 52.44 Wh·kg^(-1)at 160W·kg^(-1)and excellent stability with~90%retention after5000 cycles(~80%retention after 9500 cycles).The promotion of electrochemical performances is ascribed to the change of surface wettability caused by surface free energy,which greatly increase affinity of electrode to the surrounding liquid environment to reduce the interface resistance and optimize the electron transport path.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52004252 and 52374359)Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.232300421197)the Project of Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory(No.GJJSGFYQ202310).
文摘Solid-state flexible supercapacitors(SCs)have many advantages of high specific capacitance,excellent flexibility,fast charging and discharging,high power density,environmental friendliness,high safety,light weight,ductility,and long cycle stability.They are the ideal choice for the development of flexible energy storage technology in the future,and provide a good prospect for energy storage applications.At present,solid-state flexible SCs are widely used for portable electronic equipment and wearable energy storage equipment,the research of them has become the focus of a growing number of researchers.Electrode material is the key part of SCs and always determines the electrochemical performance of SCs.It has been a hotspot and focus of research.Vanadium-based compounds are considered to be a promising electrode material for SCs because of variable valence,open structure,high theoretical capacity,and low price.Therefore,this study first gives an overview of solid-state flexible SCs,then reviews the current research status of vanadium-based electrode materials in solid-state flexible SCs,and proposes some strategies to solve some problems of vanadium-based electrode materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21776147,21606140,61604086,and 21905153)the Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,China(19-6-1-91-nsh)+2 种基金the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2014DFA60150)the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2018BB066 and 2016GGX104010)the Chemcloudcomputing of National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen(Shenzhen CloudComputing Center)。
文摘In this work,a facile"carbonization-activation"strategy is developed to synthesize N,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon.Phosphoric acid is innovatively introduced during the hydrothermal process to achieve in-situ P doping as well as create abundant pores,and the employment of sodamide is of vital importance to simultaneously serve as activating agent and N-source to succeed a high-level N doping.Thus,the obtained samples exhibit a unique three-dimensional hierarchical structure with an ultra-high specific surface area(3646 m^(2)g^(-1))and ultra-high N-doping level(9.81 at.%).Computational analyses confirm that N,P co-doping and higher N content can enhance active sites and widen potential differences of carbon materials to improve their capacitance.The as-prepared carbon materials demonstrate superior electrochemical performances,such as an ultra-high capacitance of 586 Fg^(-1)at 1 Ag^(-1),a superior rate capability of 409 Fg^(-1)at 20 Ag^(-1),and excellent long-term stability of 97%capacitance retention after10,000 cycles in 6 M KOH.Moreover,an assembled symmetric supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 28.1 Wh kg^(-1)at the power density of 450 W kg^(-1)in 1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),demonstrating a great potential for applications in supercapacitors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.51971106 and 52272209)Basic Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Department of Liaoning Province(No.LJKMZ20220961)the Program for Liaoning Distinguished Professor.
文摘Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene is an auspicious energy storage material due to its metallic conductivity and layered assembly.However,in the real working condition of electrochemical energy storage with long cycle charging-discharging,a structural collapse is usually caused by the stacking of its layers creating a large attenuation of specific capacitance.Inspired by the superlattice effect of magic angle graphene,we conducted microscopical regulation of rotation mismatch on the Ti_(3)C_(2)lattice;consequently,a hexagonal fewlayered Ti_(3)C_(2)free-standing film constructed with Moiré-superlattices.Such finding not only solves the problem of Ti_(3)C_(2)structural collapse but also dramatically improves the specific capacitance of Ti_(3)C_(2)as a supercapacitor electrode under long cycle charging and discharging.The ultra-stable energy storage of this electrode material in a neutral aqueous electrolyte was realized.Moreover,the formation mechanism of rotating Moirépattern is revealed through microscopy and microanalysis of the produced Moirépattern,assisted with modeling and analyzing the underlying mechanism between the Moirépattern and the rotation angle.Our work provides experimental and theoretical support for future construction of Moiré-superlattice structure for a wide range of MXene phases and is undoubtedly promoting the development of MXene materials in the field of energy storage.
