Background: The most common subtype of chronic vulvar pain is provoked vestibulodynia. The entry of the vagina is the site of acute and recurrent pain in this highly prevalent and debilitating condition, which is char...Background: The most common subtype of chronic vulvar pain is provoked vestibulodynia. The entry of the vagina is the site of acute and recurrent pain in this highly prevalent and debilitating condition, which is characterized by pressure application or attempted vaginal penetration. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of topical spermidine in patients with vestibulodynia. Methods: Topical gels containing spermidine in hyaluronate complexes Ubi1 and Ubi2 endowed with differentiated release ratio and viscosity were applied at 3 doses/week during 4-weeks, then at 2 doses/week during the next 4-weeks in two groups of patients. Pain relief was measured by visual analogic score (VAS) and dyspareunia score expressed as percent improvement from baseline to posttreatment. Results: Group 1 treated with Ubi1 provided improvement in pain (46%) and dyspareunia (27%). However, the treatment in Group 2 resulted in a superior amelioration: VAS of pain (76%) and dyspareunia (50%) as Ubi2 gel provided higher dose and viscosity along with improved local application. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that preparation 2 resulted in greater reduction in symptoms as compared to preparation 1 as measured by the VAS and Marinoff scale. These early, yet outstanding clinical outcomes in vestibulodynia through to the stimulation of tissue mechanosensor and their relevant downstream effects are reviewed hereafter.展开更多
The peppers which were treated at ice-temperature for 6 hours and 1 mmol/L spermidine for 10 min, followed by cold storage (4℃ ± 1℃) respectively were investigated. The results indicated that the chilling injur...The peppers which were treated at ice-temperature for 6 hours and 1 mmol/L spermidine for 10 min, followed by cold storage (4℃ ± 1℃) respectively were investigated. The results indicated that the chilling injury was delayed and reduced by ice-temperature and spermidine treatments. Comparing with control group, ice-temperature and spermidine exerted significant effects on reduction of ascorbic acid (Vc) and chlororphyll contents, relatively high activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the increase of cell membrane penetrability. The results indicated that the spermidine and ice-temperature induced the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and maintained higher defence-related compound Vc as well as lower levels of membrane lipid peroxidation, which may be associated with chilling injury alleviation. There was a difference between ice-temperature treatment and spermidine treatment after 30 days. The results suggested that spermidine was more effective in reducing chilling sensitivity and prolonging storage of peppers.展开更多
In order to study how exogenous hormones in C.lanceolata(gymnosperm)regulate somatic embryogenesis,we measured the endogenous phytohormones of two genotypes with different somatic embryogenesis efficiency and found th...In order to study how exogenous hormones in C.lanceolata(gymnosperm)regulate somatic embryogenesis,we measured the endogenous phytohormones of two genotypes with different somatic embryogenesis efficiency and found that an increase in endogenous concentrations of IAA and ABA may be correlated to more efficient somatic embryogenesis.By applying exogenous spermidine,we found that exogenous hormones may affect somatic embryogenesis efficiency through affecting the endogenous phytohormone content.Based on these results,further studies can be conducted whereby the concentration of exogenous hormones or the levels of endogenous phytohormones by molecular methods are regulated to promote somatic embryogenesis.Our research may benefit the long-term economic output of the forestry industry and lays the foundation to studying the molecular mechanism that controls somatic embryogenesis efficiency.展开更多
A monoclonal antibody was first prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0-Ag-14) with spleen cells isolated from male BALB/ c mice immunized with spermidine-bovine serum albumin conjugate (SPD- BSA). The hybrid...A monoclonal antibody was first prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0-Ag-14) with spleen cells isolated from male BALB/ c mice immunized with spermidine-bovine serum albumin conjugate (SPD- BSA). The hybridoma cell line producing antibody specific for spermidine was cultured in vitro and after i. p. into mice, the ascitic fluid gave suitably high dilution titres (1: 106) by enzyme immunoassay. This monoclonal antibody is of IgG1 class and the bimolecular compleex with molecular weight of 52KD and 27 KD. The monoclonal antibody was clearly specific to spermidine comparing with spermine or putriscine. Monclonal antibody may prove to be useful in the rapid diagnosis and evaluation of patients with cancer.展开更多
AIM:To test the growth-promoting activity of the polyamine spermidine bound to various polymeric compounds in supramolecular complexes.METHODS:A thiazolyl blue cell viability assay was used to determine the growth-pro...AIM:To test the growth-promoting activity of the polyamine spermidine bound to various polymeric compounds in supramolecular complexes.METHODS:A thiazolyl blue cell viability assay was used to determine the growth-promoting potency of spermidine-supramolecular complexes in a human skin fibroblast cell line exposed to spermidine and different spermidine-supramolecular complexes that were obtained by combining spermidine and polyanionic polymers or cyclodextrin.Reconstituted human vaginal epithelium was exposed to a specific spermidinesupramolecular complex,i.e.,spermidine-hyaluronan(HA)50,and cell proliferation was determined by Ki-67immunohistochemical detection.Transepithelial electrical resistance and histological analysis were also performed on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium to assess tissue integrity.RESULTS:The effect of spermidine and spermidinesupramolecular complexes was first tested in skin fi-broblasts.Spermidine displayed a reverse dose-related mode of activity with mmol/L growth inhibition,whereas 30%stimulation over basal levels was detected at mol/L and nmol/L levels.Novel spermidine-supramolecular complexes that formed between spermidine and polyanionic polymers,such as HA,alginate,and polymaleate,were then tested at variable spermidine concentrations and a fixed polymer level(0.1%w/v).Spermidine-supramolecular complexes stimulated the cell growth rate throughout the entire concentration range with maximal potency(up to 80%)at sub-mol/L levels.Similar results were obtained with spermidine-(-cyclodextrin),another type of spermidine-supramolecular complex.Moreover,the increased expression of Ki-67 in the reconstituted human vaginal epithelium exposed to spermidine-HA 50 showed that the mode of action behind the spermidine-supramolecular complexes was increased cell proliferation.Functional and morphological assessments of reconstituted human vaginal epithelium integrity did not show significant alterations after exposure to spermidine-HA,thus supporting its safety.CONCLUSION:Spermidine found in spermidine-supramolecular complexes displayed potentiated regenerative effects.Safety data on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium suggested that assessing spermidinesupramolecular complex efficacy in atrophic disorders is justified.展开更多
In vitro investigation on the condensation of DNA induced by naturally occurring polyamines can provide useful insights into the packaging state of DNA in vivo , which is closely related to the mechanism of the self r...In vitro investigation on the condensation of DNA induced by naturally occurring polyamines can provide useful insights into the packaging state of DNA in vivo , which is closely related to the mechanism of the self regulation or self switching of the gene expression. The present paper reports the high resolution AFM observations of the condensates of spermidine DNA complexes. It was found that the spermidine can directly condense the DNA into toroidal structures. The formation of this special structure is greatly influenced by the dynamic factors such as the concentrations and the reaction time. Close examination revealed that the toroids were constructed by many particles stacked and squeezed together. Our observations indicate that the dynamic process of the toroid formation may be a spiral wound process of the globular subunits.展开更多
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) is a progressive, fatal lung disease with poor survival. The advances made in deciphering IPF have led to the approval of different anti-fibrotic molecules, such as pirfenidone and n...Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) is a progressive, fatal lung disease with poor survival. The advances made in deciphering IPF have led to the approval of different anti-fibrotic molecules, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib. An increasing number of studies with particles(liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, nanopolymersomes and nanoliposomes) modified with different functional groups have demonstrated improvement in lung targeted drug delivery. In the present study, we prepared, characterized, and evaluated spermidine(SPD) modified poly-lactic-co-glycolide nanoparticles(SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs) as carriers for fluorofenidone(AKF) in order to improve the anti-fibrotic efficacy of this drug in lung. SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs were prepared and functionalized by modified solvent evaporation method with spermidine(SPD), poly-lactic-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol(PEG-PLGA) groups. The size of SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs was 172.5±4.3 nm. The AKF release from nanoparticles was shown to be fit Higuchi model. The A549 cellular uptake of the SPD-Cou-6-NPs group was found to be almost 2-fold higher than that of the Cou-6-NPs group. Free SPD and DFMO were pre-incubated in A549 cells to further prove that the uptake of SPD-Cou-6-PLGA/NPs via PTS. As a result, the uptake of SPD-Cou-6-PLGA/NPs significantly decreased with the increase of SPD concentrations in incubation. At the higher SPD concentrations in 50 and 500 μM, the uptake of SPD-Cou-6-PLGA/NPs reduced 0.34 and 0.49-fold than that without SPD pretreatment. After pretreatment with DFMO for 36 h, the cellular uptake of SPD-Cou-6-NPs reached 1.26-fold compared to untreated DFMO group. In biodistribution study, the drug targeting index of SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs in lung was 3.62 and 4.66-fold than that of AKF-PLGA/NPs and AKF solution, respectively. It was suggested that the SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs could accumulate effectively in the lung. The lung histopathology changes and collagen deposition were observed by HE staining and Masson staining in efficacy study. In SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs group, the damage was further improved compared to that of the AKFPLGA/NPs group and AKF solution group. The results indicated that SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs could be effective nanocarriers for antipulmonary fibrosis therapy.展开更多
Polyamines play preeminent roles in a variety of cellular functions in the central nervous system and other organs.A large body of evidence suggests that the polyamine pathway is prominently involved in the etiology a...Polyamines play preeminent roles in a variety of cellular functions in the central nervous system and other organs.A large body of evidence suggests that the polyamine pathway is prominently involved in the etiology and pathology of schizophrenia.Alterations in the expression and activity of polyamine metabolizing enzymes,as well as changes in the levels of the individual polyamines,their precursors and derivatives,have been measured in schizophrenia and animal models of the disease.Additionally,neuroleptic treatment has been shown to influence polyamine concentrations in brain and blood of individuals with schizophrenia.Thus,the polyamine system may appear to be a promising target for neuropharmacological treatment of schizophrenia.However,for a number of practical reasons there is currently only limited hope for a polyamine-based schizophrenia therapy.展开更多
Naturally occurring polyamines in plants have been implicated in floral initiation, and fruit development. The plant growth regulator BM86 was formulated to stimulate seed production and fruit growth by enhancing poly...Naturally occurring polyamines in plants have been implicated in floral initiation, and fruit development. The plant growth regulator BM86 was formulated to stimulate seed production and fruit growth by enhancing polyamine synthe-sis. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of BM86 on free polyamine content in cotton (Gos-sypium hirsutum L.) ovaries and on seed set efficiency, and also to investigate genotypic differences in ovarian polyamine content. BM86 was applied at the first flower stage and two weeks later at 2.34 mL/ha. This study showed that application of BM86 had a significant positive effect on ovarian polyamine content of cotton. Putrescine and sper-midine one week after the 1st BM86 application and putrescine two week after the 1st BM86 application, were significantly increased compared to the untreated control. Higher seed set efficiency with the BM86 application was observed when the total number of seeds was used for the calculation. However, when the number of harvestable seeds was used to calculate seed set efficiency BM86 had no significant effect. In addition, application of BM86 did not significantly alter seedcotton yield of the crop. Only small differences in ovarian polyamine content were detected among the genotypes tested, possibly due to the narrow genetic pool of the commercial cotton genotypes used. Application of BM86 can significantly increase cotton seed number by enhancing polyamines biosynthesis, but further research is needed to determine how to capitalize on the increased potential number of harvestable seeds.展开更多
Lactate,protein lactylation(Kla),and specifically histone lactylation have recently been shown to regulate antipathogenic immune responses in mammals.Herein,after we confirmed the presence and accumulation of lactate ...Lactate,protein lactylation(Kla),and specifically histone lactylation have recently been shown to regulate antipathogenic immune responses in mammals.Herein,after we confirmed the presence and accumulation of lactate in maize roots under drought conditions,a lactylome profiling analysis revealed that Kla modifications were invariably present in maize roots,that there were obvious differences in the lactylomes of drought-sensitive(B73)vs.drought-tolerant(Jing2416)lines,and that growing Jing2416 under drought conditions caused significant decreases in the lactylation of multiple enzymes responsible for fatty acid degradation.Inspired by findings of histone-Kla based epigenetic regulation of immune functions in animals,we initially discovered 37 Kla sites on 16 histones in the maize genome,and again detected obvious differential histone Klamediated trends between two lines by Ch IP-Seq.Notably,only 2.7%of genes with differential histone Kla peaks detected during drought stress were commonly present in both lines,a finding demonstrating that abiotic stress triggers distinct epigenetic activities in diverse germplasm while also strongly supporting that a histone Kla layer of regulation is associated with physiological responses to drought stress.Interestingly,exogenous application of spermidine improved the drought tolerance of B73and substantially altered the levels of lactate,protein lactylation,and histone Kla modification.Thus,beyond extending the known domain of Kla-based biochemical and epigenetic regulation from animal immunity to plant stress physiology,our study suggests the physiological,biochemical,and genetic function of“the best-known metabolic waste”,lactate.展开更多
Short-chained aliphatic polyamines (PAs) have recently been recognized as an important carbon, nitrogen, and/or energy source for marine bacterioplankton. To study the genes and taxa involved in the transformations of...Short-chained aliphatic polyamines (PAs) have recently been recognized as an important carbon, nitrogen, and/or energy source for marine bacterioplankton. To study the genes and taxa involved in the transformations of different PA compounds and their potential variations among marine systems, we collected surface bacterioplankton from nearshore, offshore, and open ocean stations in the Gulf of Mexico and examined their metagenomic responses to additions of single PA model compounds (putrescine, spermidine, or spermine). Genes affiliated with PA uptake and all three known PA degradation pathways, i.e., transamination, γ-glutamylation, and spermidine cleavage, were significantly enriched in most PA-treated metagenomes. In addition, identified PA-transforming taxa were mostly the alpha and gamma classes of Proteobacteria, with less important contributions from members of Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes. These findings suggest that PA transformations are ubiquitous, have diverse pathways, and are carried out by a broad range of the bacterioplankton taxa in the Gulf of Mexico. Identified PA-transforming bacterial genes and taxa were different among nearshore, offshore, and open ocean sites, but were little different among individual compound-amended metagenomes at any specific site. These observations further indicate that PA-transforming taxa and genes are site-specific and with high similarities among PA compounds.展开更多
文摘Background: The most common subtype of chronic vulvar pain is provoked vestibulodynia. The entry of the vagina is the site of acute and recurrent pain in this highly prevalent and debilitating condition, which is characterized by pressure application or attempted vaginal penetration. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of topical spermidine in patients with vestibulodynia. Methods: Topical gels containing spermidine in hyaluronate complexes Ubi1 and Ubi2 endowed with differentiated release ratio and viscosity were applied at 3 doses/week during 4-weeks, then at 2 doses/week during the next 4-weeks in two groups of patients. Pain relief was measured by visual analogic score (VAS) and dyspareunia score expressed as percent improvement from baseline to posttreatment. Results: Group 1 treated with Ubi1 provided improvement in pain (46%) and dyspareunia (27%). However, the treatment in Group 2 resulted in a superior amelioration: VAS of pain (76%) and dyspareunia (50%) as Ubi2 gel provided higher dose and viscosity along with improved local application. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that preparation 2 resulted in greater reduction in symptoms as compared to preparation 1 as measured by the VAS and Marinoff scale. These early, yet outstanding clinical outcomes in vestibulodynia through to the stimulation of tissue mechanosensor and their relevant downstream effects are reviewed hereafter.
文摘The peppers which were treated at ice-temperature for 6 hours and 1 mmol/L spermidine for 10 min, followed by cold storage (4℃ ± 1℃) respectively were investigated. The results indicated that the chilling injury was delayed and reduced by ice-temperature and spermidine treatments. Comparing with control group, ice-temperature and spermidine exerted significant effects on reduction of ascorbic acid (Vc) and chlororphyll contents, relatively high activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the increase of cell membrane penetrability. The results indicated that the spermidine and ice-temperature induced the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and maintained higher defence-related compound Vc as well as lower levels of membrane lipid peroxidation, which may be associated with chilling injury alleviation. There was a difference between ice-temperature treatment and spermidine treatment after 30 days. The results suggested that spermidine was more effective in reducing chilling sensitivity and prolonging storage of peppers.
基金This research was supported by Foundation of Jiangsu forestry bureau(LYKJ[2017]42)Key research and development plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2017376)+2 种基金the Nature Science Foundation of China(31770715)the Qinglan project of Jiangsu province,Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181176)the Joint Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province(Grant No.U1812401).
文摘In order to study how exogenous hormones in C.lanceolata(gymnosperm)regulate somatic embryogenesis,we measured the endogenous phytohormones of two genotypes with different somatic embryogenesis efficiency and found that an increase in endogenous concentrations of IAA and ABA may be correlated to more efficient somatic embryogenesis.By applying exogenous spermidine,we found that exogenous hormones may affect somatic embryogenesis efficiency through affecting the endogenous phytohormone content.Based on these results,further studies can be conducted whereby the concentration of exogenous hormones or the levels of endogenous phytohormones by molecular methods are regulated to promote somatic embryogenesis.Our research may benefit the long-term economic output of the forestry industry and lays the foundation to studying the molecular mechanism that controls somatic embryogenesis efficiency.
文摘A monoclonal antibody was first prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0-Ag-14) with spleen cells isolated from male BALB/ c mice immunized with spermidine-bovine serum albumin conjugate (SPD- BSA). The hybridoma cell line producing antibody specific for spermidine was cultured in vitro and after i. p. into mice, the ascitic fluid gave suitably high dilution titres (1: 106) by enzyme immunoassay. This monoclonal antibody is of IgG1 class and the bimolecular compleex with molecular weight of 52KD and 27 KD. The monoclonal antibody was clearly specific to spermidine comparing with spermine or putriscine. Monclonal antibody may prove to be useful in the rapid diagnosis and evaluation of patients with cancer.
基金Supported by Grants from the Italian Ministry of Education
文摘AIM:To test the growth-promoting activity of the polyamine spermidine bound to various polymeric compounds in supramolecular complexes.METHODS:A thiazolyl blue cell viability assay was used to determine the growth-promoting potency of spermidine-supramolecular complexes in a human skin fibroblast cell line exposed to spermidine and different spermidine-supramolecular complexes that were obtained by combining spermidine and polyanionic polymers or cyclodextrin.Reconstituted human vaginal epithelium was exposed to a specific spermidinesupramolecular complex,i.e.,spermidine-hyaluronan(HA)50,and cell proliferation was determined by Ki-67immunohistochemical detection.Transepithelial electrical resistance and histological analysis were also performed on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium to assess tissue integrity.RESULTS:The effect of spermidine and spermidinesupramolecular complexes was first tested in skin fi-broblasts.Spermidine displayed a reverse dose-related mode of activity with mmol/L growth inhibition,whereas 30%stimulation over basal levels was detected at mol/L and nmol/L levels.Novel spermidine-supramolecular complexes that formed between spermidine and polyanionic polymers,such as HA,alginate,and polymaleate,were then tested at variable spermidine concentrations and a fixed polymer level(0.1%w/v).Spermidine-supramolecular complexes stimulated the cell growth rate throughout the entire concentration range with maximal potency(up to 80%)at sub-mol/L levels.Similar results were obtained with spermidine-(-cyclodextrin),another type of spermidine-supramolecular complex.Moreover,the increased expression of Ki-67 in the reconstituted human vaginal epithelium exposed to spermidine-HA 50 showed that the mode of action behind the spermidine-supramolecular complexes was increased cell proliferation.Functional and morphological assessments of reconstituted human vaginal epithelium integrity did not show significant alterations after exposure to spermidine-HA,thus supporting its safety.CONCLUSION:Spermidine found in spermidine-supramolecular complexes displayed potentiated regenerative effects.Safety data on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium suggested that assessing spermidinesupramolecular complex efficacy in atrophic disorders is justified.
文摘In vitro investigation on the condensation of DNA induced by naturally occurring polyamines can provide useful insights into the packaging state of DNA in vivo , which is closely related to the mechanism of the self regulation or self switching of the gene expression. The present paper reports the high resolution AFM observations of the condensates of spermidine DNA complexes. It was found that the spermidine can directly condense the DNA into toroidal structures. The formation of this special structure is greatly influenced by the dynamic factors such as the concentrations and the reaction time. Close examination revealed that the toroids were constructed by many particles stacked and squeezed together. Our observations indicate that the dynamic process of the toroid formation may be a spiral wound process of the globular subunits.
文摘Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) is a progressive, fatal lung disease with poor survival. The advances made in deciphering IPF have led to the approval of different anti-fibrotic molecules, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib. An increasing number of studies with particles(liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, nanopolymersomes and nanoliposomes) modified with different functional groups have demonstrated improvement in lung targeted drug delivery. In the present study, we prepared, characterized, and evaluated spermidine(SPD) modified poly-lactic-co-glycolide nanoparticles(SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs) as carriers for fluorofenidone(AKF) in order to improve the anti-fibrotic efficacy of this drug in lung. SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs were prepared and functionalized by modified solvent evaporation method with spermidine(SPD), poly-lactic-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol(PEG-PLGA) groups. The size of SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs was 172.5±4.3 nm. The AKF release from nanoparticles was shown to be fit Higuchi model. The A549 cellular uptake of the SPD-Cou-6-NPs group was found to be almost 2-fold higher than that of the Cou-6-NPs group. Free SPD and DFMO were pre-incubated in A549 cells to further prove that the uptake of SPD-Cou-6-PLGA/NPs via PTS. As a result, the uptake of SPD-Cou-6-PLGA/NPs significantly decreased with the increase of SPD concentrations in incubation. At the higher SPD concentrations in 50 and 500 μM, the uptake of SPD-Cou-6-PLGA/NPs reduced 0.34 and 0.49-fold than that without SPD pretreatment. After pretreatment with DFMO for 36 h, the cellular uptake of SPD-Cou-6-NPs reached 1.26-fold compared to untreated DFMO group. In biodistribution study, the drug targeting index of SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs in lung was 3.62 and 4.66-fold than that of AKF-PLGA/NPs and AKF solution, respectively. It was suggested that the SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs could accumulate effectively in the lung. The lung histopathology changes and collagen deposition were observed by HE staining and Masson staining in efficacy study. In SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs group, the damage was further improved compared to that of the AKFPLGA/NPs group and AKF solution group. The results indicated that SPD-AKF-PLGA/NPs could be effective nanocarriers for antipulmonary fibrosis therapy.
文摘Polyamines play preeminent roles in a variety of cellular functions in the central nervous system and other organs.A large body of evidence suggests that the polyamine pathway is prominently involved in the etiology and pathology of schizophrenia.Alterations in the expression and activity of polyamine metabolizing enzymes,as well as changes in the levels of the individual polyamines,their precursors and derivatives,have been measured in schizophrenia and animal models of the disease.Additionally,neuroleptic treatment has been shown to influence polyamine concentrations in brain and blood of individuals with schizophrenia.Thus,the polyamine system may appear to be a promising target for neuropharmacological treatment of schizophrenia.However,for a number of practical reasons there is currently only limited hope for a polyamine-based schizophrenia therapy.
文摘Naturally occurring polyamines in plants have been implicated in floral initiation, and fruit development. The plant growth regulator BM86 was formulated to stimulate seed production and fruit growth by enhancing polyamine synthe-sis. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of BM86 on free polyamine content in cotton (Gos-sypium hirsutum L.) ovaries and on seed set efficiency, and also to investigate genotypic differences in ovarian polyamine content. BM86 was applied at the first flower stage and two weeks later at 2.34 mL/ha. This study showed that application of BM86 had a significant positive effect on ovarian polyamine content of cotton. Putrescine and sper-midine one week after the 1st BM86 application and putrescine two week after the 1st BM86 application, were significantly increased compared to the untreated control. Higher seed set efficiency with the BM86 application was observed when the total number of seeds was used for the calculation. However, when the number of harvestable seeds was used to calculate seed set efficiency BM86 had no significant effect. In addition, application of BM86 did not significantly alter seedcotton yield of the crop. Only small differences in ovarian polyamine content were detected among the genotypes tested, possibly due to the narrow genetic pool of the commercial cotton genotypes used. Application of BM86 can significantly increase cotton seed number by enhancing polyamines biosynthesis, but further research is needed to determine how to capitalize on the increased potential number of harvestable seeds.
基金supported by the Beijing Scholars Program(BSP041)Beijing Nova Program(20220484220)+1 种基金the High-level Returned Talents grant from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of ChinaScience and Technology Xing Meng action focus project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(KJXM2020001)。
文摘Lactate,protein lactylation(Kla),and specifically histone lactylation have recently been shown to regulate antipathogenic immune responses in mammals.Herein,after we confirmed the presence and accumulation of lactate in maize roots under drought conditions,a lactylome profiling analysis revealed that Kla modifications were invariably present in maize roots,that there were obvious differences in the lactylomes of drought-sensitive(B73)vs.drought-tolerant(Jing2416)lines,and that growing Jing2416 under drought conditions caused significant decreases in the lactylation of multiple enzymes responsible for fatty acid degradation.Inspired by findings of histone-Kla based epigenetic regulation of immune functions in animals,we initially discovered 37 Kla sites on 16 histones in the maize genome,and again detected obvious differential histone Klamediated trends between two lines by Ch IP-Seq.Notably,only 2.7%of genes with differential histone Kla peaks detected during drought stress were commonly present in both lines,a finding demonstrating that abiotic stress triggers distinct epigenetic activities in diverse germplasm while also strongly supporting that a histone Kla layer of regulation is associated with physiological responses to drought stress.Interestingly,exogenous application of spermidine improved the drought tolerance of B73and substantially altered the levels of lactate,protein lactylation,and histone Kla modification.Thus,beyond extending the known domain of Kla-based biochemical and epigenetic regulation from animal immunity to plant stress physiology,our study suggests the physiological,biochemical,and genetic function of“the best-known metabolic waste”,lactate.
基金supported by National Science Foundation Grants(OCE1029607 to X.M)and Kent State University.
文摘Short-chained aliphatic polyamines (PAs) have recently been recognized as an important carbon, nitrogen, and/or energy source for marine bacterioplankton. To study the genes and taxa involved in the transformations of different PA compounds and their potential variations among marine systems, we collected surface bacterioplankton from nearshore, offshore, and open ocean stations in the Gulf of Mexico and examined their metagenomic responses to additions of single PA model compounds (putrescine, spermidine, or spermine). Genes affiliated with PA uptake and all three known PA degradation pathways, i.e., transamination, γ-glutamylation, and spermidine cleavage, were significantly enriched in most PA-treated metagenomes. In addition, identified PA-transforming taxa were mostly the alpha and gamma classes of Proteobacteria, with less important contributions from members of Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes. These findings suggest that PA transformations are ubiquitous, have diverse pathways, and are carried out by a broad range of the bacterioplankton taxa in the Gulf of Mexico. Identified PA-transforming bacterial genes and taxa were different among nearshore, offshore, and open ocean sites, but were little different among individual compound-amended metagenomes at any specific site. These observations further indicate that PA-transforming taxa and genes are site-specific and with high similarities among PA compounds.
