In order to deal with global climate warming and practice the construction of national ecological civilization,a sponge city has become an important national plan for regional comprehensive management and development ...In order to deal with global climate warming and practice the construction of national ecological civilization,a sponge city has become an important national plan for regional comprehensive management and development because it can systematically solve the issues of regional water resources,water security,water environment and water ecology,and provide a comprehensive plan of sustainable development for regional water control,storage and use.Sponge city construction has been carried out across the country.In this paper,taking Dalang Town as an example,and combining its local climate,geological geomorphology,hydrological conditions,current situation and future planning of urban space,management system and other characteristics,the connotation,construction strategy and objectives,index decomposition and other key contents of sponge city were discussed,and the methods of sponge city construction in the builtup area with high rainfall,abundant groundwater and high density were studied to provide reference for formulating solutions and schemes for Dalang Town and developing sponge city construction in the Pearl River Delta.展开更多
To quantitatively analyze main figure,field,agency and level of sponge city research in China,and clear research focus and hot spot in each year,by using the Full Text Database of Chinese Sci-tech Periodicals and othe...To quantitatively analyze main figure,field,agency and level of sponge city research in China,and clear research focus and hot spot in each year,by using the Full Text Database of Chinese Sci-tech Periodicals and other retrieval tools,the statistics and analysis of 3152 research literatures on sponge city published in domestic academic journals of 2004-2016 are conducted based on bibliometrics. It is found that since the concept of " sponge city" was firstly proposed in 2012,development research of sponge city involves 40 subject fields and is mainly published in 32 kinds of journals,which is dominated by natural science research( 1427 literatures). Researchers are mainly from each college and university,some design institutes and Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research could play certain guidance significance for further research and construction of ecological city construction in China.展开更多
In view of the problems of architectural eco-civilization in Ningbo City against the background of "sponge city", this paper proposed that development of roof greening in the city met the development concept...In view of the problems of architectural eco-civilization in Ningbo City against the background of "sponge city", this paper proposed that development of roof greening in the city met the development concepts of sponge city, summarized six basic countermeasures and four cooperation mechanisms for the developmental application of roof greening in Ningbo City by analyzing practical experience of roof greening construction in foreign countries.展开更多
Cities are currently confronted with many urban problems, such as water shortages, water quality pollution, floods, and the loss of habitats of aquatic organisms, and badly in need of a more comprehensive solution. In...Cities are currently confronted with many urban problems, such as water shortages, water quality pollution, floods, and the loss of habitats of aquatic organisms, and badly in need of a more comprehensive solution. In this context, the concept of "sponge city" is proposed. This paper, based on the theory of sponge city and low impact development, elaborated the origin, development, connotation, and construction method of "sponge city" concept. In this paper, the urban design scheme of Renbei District in Chengdu was taken for example to analyze the geographical environment and climate characteristics of Chengdu and explain the formation and verification of the scheme. It is considered that the "sponge city" is different from the traditional urban infrastructure. It is essentially an ecological approach. Its core is to build a cross-scale urban water ecological infrastructure to comprehensively solve the prominent water-related problems of urban and rural areas in China.展开更多
Sponge city construction,as an important measure of ecological construction in China,can effectively solve a series of problems such as large annual runoff,serious non-point source pollution,regional water shortage,lo...Sponge city construction,as an important measure of ecological construction in China,can effectively solve a series of problems such as large annual runoff,serious non-point source pollution,regional water shortage,low utilization rate of rain and flood resources,unsustainable ecological benefits of water landscape and poor landscape functions in urbanization construction. This paper uses LID concept to construct sponge city in the old urban area of Kunming,to reduce the total runoff and promote the utilization of rainfall and flood resources so as to rebuild,upgrade and optimize the regional environment and provide some reference for the regional construction of small-scale sponge city.展开更多
China started a Sponge City program to offset the adverse impacts of urban developments and to tackle many water-related problems.By emphasizing stormwater management practices with“natural solutions”,many positive ...China started a Sponge City program to offset the adverse impacts of urban developments and to tackle many water-related problems.By emphasizing stormwater management practices with“natural solutions”,many positive results have been achieved.The operation and maintenance(O&M)of Sponge City to support long-term success gained considerable focus.China is facing challenges many developed countries have encountered,as well as unique ones due to specific social,economic,and environmental conditions.This study identified and discussed Sponge City O&M challenges:(1)scheduling challenges,(2)technical challenges,(3)in short of local regulation/ordnance,(4)inadequate O&M assessment standard,(5)underprovided training,(6)PPP related concerns,(7)inter-agency coordination needs,(8)ownership and responsible party issues,(9)substandard documentation,and(10)funding and financial concerns.Selected cases and progress in pilot cities are introduced in the discussions.展开更多
Construction of the sponge city by small catchment is going to be the fundamental approach to contiguously promote the development of sponge city during the next phase in China.An effective guiding scheme to guarantee...Construction of the sponge city by small catchment is going to be the fundamental approach to contiguously promote the development of sponge city during the next phase in China.An effective guiding scheme to guarantee the contiguous promotion of sponge city is the systematic scheme of sponge city.An area in Shenzhen is taken as an example,and the compiling method and challenges of systematic scheme of sponge city are explored,principally including the targets setting under small catchment,the structure of overall thinking,compiling the scheme of runoff emission reduction from the source,perfecting aquatic environment,promoting water safety by the orientation of objective and issue,as well as the integration of each scheme and arrangement of construction mission.展开更多
The construction of sponge city, should effectively alleviate our country city water, strengthen the rainwater collection and utilization and transform urban development mode to the low impact development mode. In 201...The construction of sponge city, should effectively alleviate our country city water, strengthen the rainwater collection and utilization and transform urban development mode to the low impact development mode. In 2015, the pilot city of sponge city's construction has begun to take shape with the push of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples' Republic of China, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Water Resources. For the pilot cities, they should strengthen the performance evaluation process and play the leading role of the nation demonstration. Taking the aspects of sponge city project's management, runoff volume control into consideration, sponge city initially formed a set of scientific and objective evaluation index which is in order to reflect the effectiveness of Gui-An New Area's construction.What's more, through analyzing the sponge city's deficiency of the performance evaluation, I also carry out the work that need to put forward suggestions.展开更多
Sponge city refers to a new urban construction concept used to solve urban flood disasters and water ecological problems.It is important for the construction of ecological civilization.It plays an important role in th...Sponge city refers to a new urban construction concept used to solve urban flood disasters and water ecological problems.It is important for the construction of ecological civilization.It plays an important role in the green development and livability of the city.In the construction of a sponge city,it is necessary to make special urban planning and improve the top-level design.In recent years,China has developed a number of sponge city pilot projects.The numerous experiments act as important references for the urban construction in China.This paper mainly analyzes the requirements for the construction of sponge city and discusses several problems as well as solutions in the construction.展开更多
This paper presents a review of the variation in the hydro-environment over the past four decades in Wuhan,China,and discusses its close relationship with flash flood events.These flash flood events have inundated und...This paper presents a review of the variation in the hydro-environment over the past four decades in Wuhan,China,and discusses its close relationship with flash flood events.These flash flood events have inundated underground infrastructures and resulted in significant economic losses and casualties,which are also discussed in relation to various external and internal factors.The external factors are predominantly owing to heavy rainstorms resulting from extreme climate change.The internal factors predominantly include a decrease in wetland areas,changes in topography,and disrepair of drainage systems in urban areas.Since the 1970s,lakes in Wuhan have been significantly reduced in size(by approximately 40%).This reduction in wetland area decreases the water storage capacity in urban areas,and the frequency of large flooding events thus increased from 0.1 event/year to approximately 0.2 event/year.Additionally,the disrepair of drainage systems in urban areas has reduced their ability to resist flood hazards.Changes in topography have also intensified the flood volume per unit time,further burdening the drainage systems.In 2016,Wuhan suffered from several large flooding events that led to some of the most severe economic losses in recorded history.The drainage system at the urban center of Wuhan and proposed flood prevention methods are discussed in detail in this paper.The sponge city(SPC)concept has been attempted in Qingshan District,Wuhan,and its success proved the reliability of the theory.A SPC is believed to reduce the impacts of future flash floods in China and other developed and developing countries.展开更多
An effective sponge city construction evaluation system plays a crucial role in evaluating sponge city construction schemes.The construction of a sponge city evaluation system still faces challenges related to incompl...An effective sponge city construction evaluation system plays a crucial role in evaluating sponge city construction schemes.The construction of a sponge city evaluation system still faces challenges related to incomplete index selection and unscientific weight division.Limited studies have focused on the comprehensive assessment of sponge city construction in the early stages.This study constructed a scientific assessment indicator system and a quantitative indicator weight at all levels by literature review and statistical analysis methods from an objective perspective.To demonstrate how to utilize our evaluation methods,three construction schemes randomly generated by MATLAB were evaluated under evaluation states of constant weight and variable weight,respectively.Scheme 3 had the highest score of 0.638 under the constant weight assessment,but it cannot practically be the final construction scheme due to the imbalance between indicators.Compared to the constant weight assessment,a variable weight assessment can effectively balance the states of the evaluation index with changes in the decision variable.Among the three schemes,Scheme 2 is the best choice with a value of 0.0355 under variable weight evaluation due to punishment and incentives in the variable weight method.The concept of“punishing”a disadvantageous indicator and“motivating”an advantageous indicator increases the relative advantages of the indices,ultimately affecting the assessment results of schemes and leading to a more balanced state.This study provides reasonable analysis and decision-making mechanisms to support decision-making and guide the scientific selection of a construction scheme.展开更多
As a new urban development pattern, the construction of sponge cities has been deeply integrated into the new urbanization and water safety strategy. Nanning City, as one of the first batch of experimental sponge citi...As a new urban development pattern, the construction of sponge cities has been deeply integrated into the new urbanization and water safety strategy. Nanning City, as one of the first batch of experimental sponge cities in China, has undertaken exploration and practice on sponge city planning, construction, and management. The sponge city master plan of Nanning City establishes an urban ecological spatial pattern in order to protect the security of the sponge base. The sponge city construction strategy has also proposed an overall construction strategy of a sponge city in line with urban development features. Through the systematic analysis and planning, a "23+10+202" pattern of sponge city construction has been formed. "23" represents 23 drainage basins, in which major sponge facilities such as storage facilities, waterfront buffer zones, wetland parks, ecological rainwater corridor and sponge parks are allocated. "10" represents 10 sponge functional zones, which provide important reference for the establishment of sponge city construction index system. "202" represents 202 management units, which decomposes the general objective and provides technical support not only for sponge city construction and management, but also for the implementation of general objectives in the regulatory plan as well.展开更多
Based on the background that wetland resources in China are under threat and urgently need to be protected,a series of rainwater and flood problems caused by urban construction is analyzed comprehensively,and the desi...Based on the background that wetland resources in China are under threat and urgently need to be protected,a series of rainwater and flood problems caused by urban construction is analyzed comprehensively,and the design and planning methods of wetland parks in response to rainwater and flood disasters caused by floods and heavy rainfall are explored.Southern Anhui with complex and variable terrain and frequent rainfall and flood disasters is selected as the research area,with Xuanzhou District of Xuancheng City as the main research object.The relationship between municipal drainage of urban park and water conservancy drainage is investigated from different sample selection,design samples,and design flow rates.Based on literature review and model building methods,an urban storm flood model suitable for typical wetland parks in southern Anhui is constructed after processing the survey data using Arc GIS,SWMM(storm water management model).On this basis,a methodology and principles for designing a sponge system of wetland park based on rainwater and flood control are proposed,including technical measures such as rainwater collection,retention,and purification.This paper provides certain research results in design schemes,effect evaluations,ecological and social benefits,and useful suggestions and solutions for urban stormwater management and resilience development.展开更多
The year of 2021 has witnessed many extreme weather events across the world that have shocked and challenged human society,in particular for the populous cities,challenging progress on sustainable city development.In ...The year of 2021 has witnessed many extreme weather events across the world that have shocked and challenged human society,in particular for the populous cities,challenging progress on sustainable city development.In the comment we highlighted the record-breaking rainstorm that is considered to happen only“once-in-a-thousand-years”on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou,China;and a series of short and long-term resilience enhancement and risk reducing measures to climate change and natural hazard risks.We found that increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change challenges progress on sustainable city development,but could also accelerate activities to enable cities to become more resilient.This comment is essential to advance towards the sustainable city development goal(SDG 11)in China’s mega cities,as well as informing progress for other global cities.展开更多
Guided by the values of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,methods and concepts such as“biodiversity”,“sponge cities”,and“urban agriculture”have become popular.These methods and concepts are indisp...Guided by the values of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,methods and concepts such as“biodiversity”,“sponge cities”,and“urban agriculture”have become popular.These methods and concepts are indisputable as a value orientation.But if conditional truth is promoted nationwide as unconditional truth,it will inevitably move from one extreme to the other.Starting from specific issues and practical experience,combined with the regional differences in the natural conditions,social customs and climate environment,the four popular viewpoints of“urban agriculture”,“biodiversity”,“local characteristics”,and“sponge cities”are reflected,and their“exclusion”reactions in certain regions are revealed,in order to awaken people’s rational thinking about popular concepts.展开更多
Stormwater runoff samples from a road in China were collected and analyzed for pH,TSS(total suspended solid),TDS(total dissolved solid),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,C...Stormwater runoff samples from a road in China were collected and analyzed for pH,TSS(total suspended solid),TDS(total dissolved solid),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,Cd,and Mn.Results showed that the pollutant concentrations from road runoff were relatively high.TSS and COD concentrations exceeded the Class B effluent requirement of the Chinese Standards of Pollutant Discharge from municipal WWTPs(wastewater treatment plants).COD,TP,and TN concentrations exceeded Class V of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water.TSS,Zn,Fe,and Al concentrations exceeded the USEPA(U.S.Environmental Protection Agency)benchmark values.All these indicated proper runoff treatment to avoid negative impacts on the environment is needed.Metal partitioning analysis was conducted and it showed that Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Mn exist mostly in particulate forms in the runoff.Thus,gravitational settlement and filtration can still be cost-effective methods for removing most of these metals.Runoff samples were treated through two bench-scale laboratory set-ups,composed of micron-scale pore pervious paver systems and subsoil.The average removal rates of TSS,TP,and TN were 95.2%,81.8%,64.1%,and 64.4%,respectively.The removal rates of Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%.The tested sand-based pervious paver has micron-scale pores with good filtration potential.The system can effectively reduce stormwater runoff pollution,thereby reducing the potential for groundwater pollution.In addition,residues and sediments collected from the surfaces of the pervious pavers were also tested.The metallic constituents in the residues and sediments were correlated to these in the runoff.Pb and Cr were low in the residues,but Zn exceeded the Class A limit of the Chinese Control Standard of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Applications.Thus,proper disposal of the solid wastes generated from the pavers is also to be further investigated.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of urban surface runoff,it is necessary to study permeable brick deeply.Tensile test and DMA test were used to study the binder material of permeable brick,and a material with the best me...In order to solve the problem of urban surface runoff,it is necessary to study permeable brick deeply.Tensile test and DMA test were used to study the binder material of permeable brick,and a material with the best mechanical properties was selected as the binder of resin based permeable brick;The permeable brick with single gradation and continuous gradation and porosity of 0.1–0.5 gradient is constructed by 3D modeling method.The particle composition and the seepage simulation results of permeable brick under different design parameters were analyzed;A resin-based permeable brick with micro-pores was prepared using the selected binder and desert sand with high roundness as aggregate,and compared with the simulation,its water permeability coefficient is 3.25×10-2 cm/s and the compressive strength is 36.19 MPa.In the seepage simulation of permeable brick,it is known that with the increase of gradation width“value i”,the water permeability coefficient increases.Therefore,in order to control the number of aggregate particles and obtain better seepage performance,the wide gradation of i≥4 and the design porosity of 0.3–0.4 should be considered.This study provides a research basis and a simulation method for the component optimization of resin based permeable brick.展开更多
The migration law of runoff pollutants in bio-retention tank was studied through the experimental research, containing calculation formula of pollutants reduction coefficient. After that, the technology of reducing an...The migration law of runoff pollutants in bio-retention tank was studied through the experimental research, containing calculation formula of pollutants reduction coefficient. After that, the technology of reducing and controlling runoff pollution by bio-retention tank was demonstrated. The result showed that bio-retention tank can reduce runoff by 15%-85%, and the pollutant emissions can be cut by 35%-95%. At the same time, it had good ecological landscape effect. The study can provide a reference for the design method of road bio-retention tank in sponge city construction, and basic technical methods and parameters for the subsequent construction of comprehensive control platform for urban rainwater runoff and the layout optimization of comprehensive measures of water quality and quantity.展开更多
The positive role of urban green stormwater infrastructure(GIS)and wetland park construction in the process of“sponge city”construction is analyzed by expounding the connotation and problems of“sponge city”constru...The positive role of urban green stormwater infrastructure(GIS)and wetland park construction in the process of“sponge city”construction is analyzed by expounding the connotation and problems of“sponge city”construction.Through the analysis of relevant cases,the realization approaches of combing different types of GIS with wetland park landscape design are interpreted,and it is pointed out that different types of GIS can guide the further practice of“sponge city”construction.展开更多
文摘In order to deal with global climate warming and practice the construction of national ecological civilization,a sponge city has become an important national plan for regional comprehensive management and development because it can systematically solve the issues of regional water resources,water security,water environment and water ecology,and provide a comprehensive plan of sustainable development for regional water control,storage and use.Sponge city construction has been carried out across the country.In this paper,taking Dalang Town as an example,and combining its local climate,geological geomorphology,hydrological conditions,current situation and future planning of urban space,management system and other characteristics,the connotation,construction strategy and objectives,index decomposition and other key contents of sponge city were discussed,and the methods of sponge city construction in the builtup area with high rainfall,abundant groundwater and high density were studied to provide reference for formulating solutions and schemes for Dalang Town and developing sponge city construction in the Pearl River Delta.
基金Supported by Science Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Education Department(2017ZZX090)School-level Key Project of Kunming University(XJZD1602)"Study on Key Technology of Ecological Planting Mode of Balcony Vegetables"of Provincial-level"Quality Project"of Kunming University-Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students
文摘To quantitatively analyze main figure,field,agency and level of sponge city research in China,and clear research focus and hot spot in each year,by using the Full Text Database of Chinese Sci-tech Periodicals and other retrieval tools,the statistics and analysis of 3152 research literatures on sponge city published in domestic academic journals of 2004-2016 are conducted based on bibliometrics. It is found that since the concept of " sponge city" was firstly proposed in 2012,development research of sponge city involves 40 subject fields and is mainly published in 32 kinds of journals,which is dominated by natural science research( 1427 literatures). Researchers are mainly from each college and university,some design institutes and Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research could play certain guidance significance for further research and construction of ecological city construction in China.
文摘In view of the problems of architectural eco-civilization in Ningbo City against the background of "sponge city", this paper proposed that development of roof greening in the city met the development concepts of sponge city, summarized six basic countermeasures and four cooperation mechanisms for the developmental application of roof greening in Ningbo City by analyzing practical experience of roof greening construction in foreign countries.
文摘Cities are currently confronted with many urban problems, such as water shortages, water quality pollution, floods, and the loss of habitats of aquatic organisms, and badly in need of a more comprehensive solution. In this context, the concept of "sponge city" is proposed. This paper, based on the theory of sponge city and low impact development, elaborated the origin, development, connotation, and construction method of "sponge city" concept. In this paper, the urban design scheme of Renbei District in Chengdu was taken for example to analyze the geographical environment and climate characteristics of Chengdu and explain the formation and verification of the scheme. It is considered that the "sponge city" is different from the traditional urban infrastructure. It is essentially an ecological approach. Its core is to build a cross-scale urban water ecological infrastructure to comprehensively solve the prominent water-related problems of urban and rural areas in China.
基金Supported by Science Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2017ZZX090)Key Scientific Research Project of University(XJZD1602)Open Fund Project of Key Laboratories for the Opening and Utilization of Characteristic Biological Resources in Colleges and Universities of Yunnan Province,Kunming University(GXKZ201714)
文摘Sponge city construction,as an important measure of ecological construction in China,can effectively solve a series of problems such as large annual runoff,serious non-point source pollution,regional water shortage,low utilization rate of rain and flood resources,unsustainable ecological benefits of water landscape and poor landscape functions in urbanization construction. This paper uses LID concept to construct sponge city in the old urban area of Kunming,to reduce the total runoff and promote the utilization of rainfall and flood resources so as to rebuild,upgrade and optimize the regional environment and provide some reference for the regional construction of small-scale sponge city.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2016YFC0701001.
文摘China started a Sponge City program to offset the adverse impacts of urban developments and to tackle many water-related problems.By emphasizing stormwater management practices with“natural solutions”,many positive results have been achieved.The operation and maintenance(O&M)of Sponge City to support long-term success gained considerable focus.China is facing challenges many developed countries have encountered,as well as unique ones due to specific social,economic,and environmental conditions.This study identified and discussed Sponge City O&M challenges:(1)scheduling challenges,(2)technical challenges,(3)in short of local regulation/ordnance,(4)inadequate O&M assessment standard,(5)underprovided training,(6)PPP related concerns,(7)inter-agency coordination needs,(8)ownership and responsible party issues,(9)substandard documentation,and(10)funding and financial concerns.Selected cases and progress in pilot cities are introduced in the discussions.
文摘Construction of the sponge city by small catchment is going to be the fundamental approach to contiguously promote the development of sponge city during the next phase in China.An effective guiding scheme to guarantee the contiguous promotion of sponge city is the systematic scheme of sponge city.An area in Shenzhen is taken as an example,and the compiling method and challenges of systematic scheme of sponge city are explored,principally including the targets setting under small catchment,the structure of overall thinking,compiling the scheme of runoff emission reduction from the source,perfecting aquatic environment,promoting water safety by the orientation of objective and issue,as well as the integration of each scheme and arrangement of construction mission.
基金supported by the 2015 Graduate Research Projects of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics titled with "Study on the path and countermeasure of the construction of the sponge city in Gui-An New District"Soft Science Research Project of Guizhou Province (Grant No. LH[2014]7281)
文摘The construction of sponge city, should effectively alleviate our country city water, strengthen the rainwater collection and utilization and transform urban development mode to the low impact development mode. In 2015, the pilot city of sponge city's construction has begun to take shape with the push of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples' Republic of China, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Water Resources. For the pilot cities, they should strengthen the performance evaluation process and play the leading role of the nation demonstration. Taking the aspects of sponge city project's management, runoff volume control into consideration, sponge city initially formed a set of scientific and objective evaluation index which is in order to reflect the effectiveness of Gui-An New Area's construction.What's more, through analyzing the sponge city's deficiency of the performance evaluation, I also carry out the work that need to put forward suggestions.
文摘Sponge city refers to a new urban construction concept used to solve urban flood disasters and water ecological problems.It is important for the construction of ecological civilization.It plays an important role in the green development and livability of the city.In the construction of a sponge city,it is necessary to make special urban planning and improve the top-level design.In recent years,China has developed a number of sponge city pilot projects.The numerous experiments act as important references for the urban construction in China.This paper mainly analyzes the requirements for the construction of sponge city and discusses several problems as well as solutions in the construction.
基金This work was funded by the Innovative Research Funding of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.18DZ1201102).This financial support is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘This paper presents a review of the variation in the hydro-environment over the past four decades in Wuhan,China,and discusses its close relationship with flash flood events.These flash flood events have inundated underground infrastructures and resulted in significant economic losses and casualties,which are also discussed in relation to various external and internal factors.The external factors are predominantly owing to heavy rainstorms resulting from extreme climate change.The internal factors predominantly include a decrease in wetland areas,changes in topography,and disrepair of drainage systems in urban areas.Since the 1970s,lakes in Wuhan have been significantly reduced in size(by approximately 40%).This reduction in wetland area decreases the water storage capacity in urban areas,and the frequency of large flooding events thus increased from 0.1 event/year to approximately 0.2 event/year.Additionally,the disrepair of drainage systems in urban areas has reduced their ability to resist flood hazards.Changes in topography have also intensified the flood volume per unit time,further burdening the drainage systems.In 2016,Wuhan suffered from several large flooding events that led to some of the most severe economic losses in recorded history.The drainage system at the urban center of Wuhan and proposed flood prevention methods are discussed in detail in this paper.The sponge city(SPC)concept has been attempted in Qingshan District,Wuhan,and its success proved the reliability of the theory.A SPC is believed to reduce the impacts of future flash floods in China and other developed and developing countries.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFD1100204)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52170073)The State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.2021TS03)。
文摘An effective sponge city construction evaluation system plays a crucial role in evaluating sponge city construction schemes.The construction of a sponge city evaluation system still faces challenges related to incomplete index selection and unscientific weight division.Limited studies have focused on the comprehensive assessment of sponge city construction in the early stages.This study constructed a scientific assessment indicator system and a quantitative indicator weight at all levels by literature review and statistical analysis methods from an objective perspective.To demonstrate how to utilize our evaluation methods,three construction schemes randomly generated by MATLAB were evaluated under evaluation states of constant weight and variable weight,respectively.Scheme 3 had the highest score of 0.638 under the constant weight assessment,but it cannot practically be the final construction scheme due to the imbalance between indicators.Compared to the constant weight assessment,a variable weight assessment can effectively balance the states of the evaluation index with changes in the decision variable.Among the three schemes,Scheme 2 is the best choice with a value of 0.0355 under variable weight evaluation due to punishment and incentives in the variable weight method.The concept of“punishing”a disadvantageous indicator and“motivating”an advantageous indicator increases the relative advantages of the indices,ultimately affecting the assessment results of schemes and leading to a more balanced state.This study provides reasonable analysis and decision-making mechanisms to support decision-making and guide the scientific selection of a construction scheme.
文摘As a new urban development pattern, the construction of sponge cities has been deeply integrated into the new urbanization and water safety strategy. Nanning City, as one of the first batch of experimental sponge cities in China, has undertaken exploration and practice on sponge city planning, construction, and management. The sponge city master plan of Nanning City establishes an urban ecological spatial pattern in order to protect the security of the sponge base. The sponge city construction strategy has also proposed an overall construction strategy of a sponge city in line with urban development features. Through the systematic analysis and planning, a "23+10+202" pattern of sponge city construction has been formed. "23" represents 23 drainage basins, in which major sponge facilities such as storage facilities, waterfront buffer zones, wetland parks, ecological rainwater corridor and sponge parks are allocated. "10" represents 10 sponge functional zones, which provide important reference for the establishment of sponge city construction index system. "202" represents 202 management units, which decomposes the general objective and provides technical support not only for sponge city construction and management, but also for the implementation of general objectives in the regulatory plan as well.
基金Sponsored by Exploration of Sponge System Design in Wetland Parks Based on Rainwater and Flood Control:A Case Study of Southern Anhui Province(AH202112216126)Key Projects of Scientific Research(Natural Sciences)in Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(2022AH051861)+1 种基金Research Team Project of Anhui Xinhua University(kytd202202)Building Structure Key Laboratory Project of Anhui Province Ordinary Universities(KLBSZD202105).
文摘Based on the background that wetland resources in China are under threat and urgently need to be protected,a series of rainwater and flood problems caused by urban construction is analyzed comprehensively,and the design and planning methods of wetland parks in response to rainwater and flood disasters caused by floods and heavy rainfall are explored.Southern Anhui with complex and variable terrain and frequent rainfall and flood disasters is selected as the research area,with Xuanzhou District of Xuancheng City as the main research object.The relationship between municipal drainage of urban park and water conservancy drainage is investigated from different sample selection,design samples,and design flow rates.Based on literature review and model building methods,an urban storm flood model suitable for typical wetland parks in southern Anhui is constructed after processing the survey data using Arc GIS,SWMM(storm water management model).On this basis,a methodology and principles for designing a sponge system of wetland park based on rainwater and flood control are proposed,including technical measures such as rainwater collection,retention,and purification.This paper provides certain research results in design schemes,effect evaluations,ecological and social benefits,and useful suggestions and solutions for urban stormwater management and resilience development.
基金This research is jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China Project(Grant No.41991235),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The year of 2021 has witnessed many extreme weather events across the world that have shocked and challenged human society,in particular for the populous cities,challenging progress on sustainable city development.In the comment we highlighted the record-breaking rainstorm that is considered to happen only“once-in-a-thousand-years”on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou,China;and a series of short and long-term resilience enhancement and risk reducing measures to climate change and natural hazard risks.We found that increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change challenges progress on sustainable city development,but could also accelerate activities to enable cities to become more resilient.This comment is essential to advance towards the sustainable city development goal(SDG 11)in China’s mega cities,as well as informing progress for other global cities.
文摘Guided by the values of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,methods and concepts such as“biodiversity”,“sponge cities”,and“urban agriculture”have become popular.These methods and concepts are indisputable as a value orientation.But if conditional truth is promoted nationwide as unconditional truth,it will inevitably move from one extreme to the other.Starting from specific issues and practical experience,combined with the regional differences in the natural conditions,social customs and climate environment,the four popular viewpoints of“urban agriculture”,“biodiversity”,“local characteristics”,and“sponge cities”are reflected,and their“exclusion”reactions in certain regions are revealed,in order to awaken people’s rational thinking about popular concepts.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant 2022YFC3203804Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Project BE2020633+1 种基金Jiangbei New Area Key Research and Development Project ZDYF20200129Ili Autonomous Prefecture Science and Technology Project YZ2022A005.
文摘Stormwater runoff samples from a road in China were collected and analyzed for pH,TSS(total suspended solid),TDS(total dissolved solid),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,Cd,and Mn.Results showed that the pollutant concentrations from road runoff were relatively high.TSS and COD concentrations exceeded the Class B effluent requirement of the Chinese Standards of Pollutant Discharge from municipal WWTPs(wastewater treatment plants).COD,TP,and TN concentrations exceeded Class V of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water.TSS,Zn,Fe,and Al concentrations exceeded the USEPA(U.S.Environmental Protection Agency)benchmark values.All these indicated proper runoff treatment to avoid negative impacts on the environment is needed.Metal partitioning analysis was conducted and it showed that Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Mn exist mostly in particulate forms in the runoff.Thus,gravitational settlement and filtration can still be cost-effective methods for removing most of these metals.Runoff samples were treated through two bench-scale laboratory set-ups,composed of micron-scale pore pervious paver systems and subsoil.The average removal rates of TSS,TP,and TN were 95.2%,81.8%,64.1%,and 64.4%,respectively.The removal rates of Pb,Al,Zn,Fe,and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%.The tested sand-based pervious paver has micron-scale pores with good filtration potential.The system can effectively reduce stormwater runoff pollution,thereby reducing the potential for groundwater pollution.In addition,residues and sediments collected from the surfaces of the pervious pavers were also tested.The metallic constituents in the residues and sediments were correlated to these in the runoff.Pb and Cr were low in the residues,but Zn exceeded the Class A limit of the Chinese Control Standard of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Applications.Thus,proper disposal of the solid wastes generated from the pavers is also to be further investigated.
文摘In order to solve the problem of urban surface runoff,it is necessary to study permeable brick deeply.Tensile test and DMA test were used to study the binder material of permeable brick,and a material with the best mechanical properties was selected as the binder of resin based permeable brick;The permeable brick with single gradation and continuous gradation and porosity of 0.1–0.5 gradient is constructed by 3D modeling method.The particle composition and the seepage simulation results of permeable brick under different design parameters were analyzed;A resin-based permeable brick with micro-pores was prepared using the selected binder and desert sand with high roundness as aggregate,and compared with the simulation,its water permeability coefficient is 3.25×10-2 cm/s and the compressive strength is 36.19 MPa.In the seepage simulation of permeable brick,it is known that with the increase of gradation width“value i”,the water permeability coefficient increases.Therefore,in order to control the number of aggregate particles and obtain better seepage performance,the wide gradation of i≥4 and the design porosity of 0.3–0.4 should be considered.This study provides a research basis and a simulation method for the component optimization of resin based permeable brick.
基金Supported by National Water Project (2013ZX07304-001)。
文摘The migration law of runoff pollutants in bio-retention tank was studied through the experimental research, containing calculation formula of pollutants reduction coefficient. After that, the technology of reducing and controlling runoff pollution by bio-retention tank was demonstrated. The result showed that bio-retention tank can reduce runoff by 15%-85%, and the pollutant emissions can be cut by 35%-95%. At the same time, it had good ecological landscape effect. The study can provide a reference for the design method of road bio-retention tank in sponge city construction, and basic technical methods and parameters for the subsequent construction of comprehensive control platform for urban rainwater runoff and the layout optimization of comprehensive measures of water quality and quantity.
文摘The positive role of urban green stormwater infrastructure(GIS)and wetland park construction in the process of“sponge city”construction is analyzed by expounding the connotation and problems of“sponge city”construction.Through the analysis of relevant cases,the realization approaches of combing different types of GIS with wetland park landscape design are interpreted,and it is pointed out that different types of GIS can guide the further practice of“sponge city”construction.
