The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes du...The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes due to excessive intensive farming,such as slow animal growth,frequent disease,and lipid metabolism disorders.These problems have limited the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry,and a continuable solution is required.The use of fungal polysaccharide appears to provide a solution to these problems.Therefore,different supplemented levels of Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,and 2.0 g/kg,respectively)were fed to spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)in similar size(30.28±0.18 g)in current study.The effects of PCP on growth,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass were investigated after a 4-week rearing period.Results showed,fish with PCP intake presented a significantly higher weight gain,specific growth rate,and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio.Significantly higher trypsin activity in liver and intestine were observed in fish with PCP intake.The superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of fish with PCP intake were significantly improved,while significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic catalase activity were also observed.However,no significant differences in lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity were evident among groups.Fish with PCP intake showed a significantly lower total cholesterol,but no noteworthy change in triglyceride and lipid-metabolismrelated genes expression were observed among groups.Results indicated that intake of PCP has a positive effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of spotted sea bass,but seems to have a limited effect on the non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass.Based on the regression analysis results,1.4 g/kg of PCP is the optimal dose for spotted sea bass in size(30.28±0.18 g).展开更多
Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new gen...Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new genes and metabolites related to TSWV resistance in tomato plants,the genes and metabolites related to the resistance of tomato plants inoculated with TSWV were identified and studied herein.The tomato TSWV-resistance line YNAU335(335)and TSWV-susceptible lines NO5 and 96172I(961)were used as the transcriptome and metabolome research materials.Transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were used to analyze the gene and metabolite response mechanisms to TSWV inoculation.A total of 3566,2951,and 2674 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and961,respectively.Meanwhile,208,228,and 273 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and 961,respectively.In line 335,the number of DEGs was the highest,but the number of DAMs was lowest.Furthermore,903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were common to the response to TSWV in the three inbred lines.The 903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid synthesis pathways.In addition,many nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes and transcription factors were found that might be involved in the TSWV response.These results provide new insights into TSWV resistance mechanisms.展开更多
The caspase gene family is a crucial gene cluster that regulates apoptosis which contribute to programmed cell death,cell proliferation and differentiation,and several immune responses.In our study,a complete set of 1...The caspase gene family is a crucial gene cluster that regulates apoptosis which contribute to programmed cell death,cell proliferation and differentiation,and several immune responses.In our study,a complete set of 12 caspase genes were identified in spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus.These genes were divided into three subfamilies:2 inflammatory caspases(casp-1 and casp-14-like),5 apoptosis initiators(casp-2,casp-8a,casp-8b,casp-9,and casp-10),and 5 apoptosis executioners(casp-3a,casp-3b,casp-3-like,casp-6,and casp-7).Their phylogenetic relationships,synteny and gene structures were systematically analyzed.Furthermore,the relative expression profiles of the caspase family members in the liver,intestine,head kidney,and spleen were measured by q PCR after infection with Vibrio harveyi.The results showed that the overall mRNA levels of the caspase genes were dramatically increased after V.harveyi infection,and the expression patterns varied among genes and tissues.More caspase genes underwent pronounced expression changes in the head kidney and spleen than in the liver or intestine,mainly after 48 h of the challenge.Specifically,casp-3a,casp-3b,casp-3-like,casp-6,casp-7,casp-8a,casp-8b,casp-10,and casp-14-like in the head kidney,and casp-3-like,casp-6,casp-7,and casp-14-like in the spleen,were the most responsive caspase genes which may contribute significantly to immune regulation in spotted sea bass.Additionally,the apoptosis level in head kidney and spleen after infection were examined using the Caspase assay.Our study provides a systemic overview of the caspase gene family in spotted sea bass after V.harveyi infection and lays a foundation for further deciphering the biological roles of these caspase genes.展开更多
Identification of immunity-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRR-RLK) is critical to elucidate the LRR-RLK mediated mechanism of plant immunity.Here,we reported the map-based cloning of a no...Identification of immunity-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRR-RLK) is critical to elucidate the LRR-RLK mediated mechanism of plant immunity.Here,we reported the map-based cloning of a novel rice SPOTTED-LEAF 41(Os SPL41) encoding a putative LRR-RLK protein(Os LRR-RLK41/Os SPL41) that regulated disease responses to the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).An 8-bp insertion at position 865 bp in a mutant spotted-leaf 41(spl41) allele led to the formation of purple-brown lesions on leaves.Functional complementation by the wild type allele(Os SPL41) can rescue the mutant phenotype,and the complementary lines showed similar performance to wild type in a number of agronomic,physiological and molecular indices.Os SPL41 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested,and Os SPL41 contains a typical transmembrane domain critical for its localization to the cell membrane.The mutant exhibited an enhanced level of resistance to Xoo in companion of markedly up-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes such as Os PR10a,Os PAL1 and Os NPR1,while the level of salicylic acid was significantly increased in spl41.In contrast,the over-expression lines exhibited a reduced level of H_(2)O_(2) and were much susceptible to Xoo with down-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes.These results suggested that Os SPL41 might negatively regulate plant immunity through the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice.展开更多
Recent developments on Internet and social networking have led to the growth of aggressive language and hate speech.Online provocation,abuses,and attacks are widely termed cyberbullying(CB).The massive quantity of use...Recent developments on Internet and social networking have led to the growth of aggressive language and hate speech.Online provocation,abuses,and attacks are widely termed cyberbullying(CB).The massive quantity of user generated content makes it difficult to recognize CB.Current advancements in machine learning(ML),deep learning(DL),and natural language processing(NLP)tools enable to detect and classify CB in social networks.In this view,this study introduces a spotted hyena optimizer with deep learning driven cybersecurity(SHODLCS)model for OSN.The presented SHODLCS model intends to accomplish cybersecurity from the identification of CB in the OSN.For achieving this,the SHODLCS model involves data pre-processing and TF-IDF based feature extraction.In addition,the cascaded recurrent neural network(CRNN)model is applied for the identification and classification of CB.Finally,the SHO algorithm is exploited to optimally tune the hyperparameters involved in the CRNN model and thereby results in enhanced classifier performance.The experimental validation of the SHODLCS model on the benchmark dataset portrayed the better outcomes of the SHODLCS model over the recent approaches.展开更多
Nowadays,smart healthcare and biomedical research have marked a substantial growth rate in terms of their presence in the literature,computational approaches,and discoveries,owing to which a massive quantity of experi...Nowadays,smart healthcare and biomedical research have marked a substantial growth rate in terms of their presence in the literature,computational approaches,and discoveries,owing to which a massive quantity of experimental datasets was published and generated(Big Data)for describing and validating such novelties.Drug-drug interaction(DDI)significantly contributed to drug administration and development.It continues as the main obstacle in offering inexpensive and safe healthcare.It normally happens for patients with extensive medication,leading them to take many drugs simultaneously.DDI may cause side effects,either mild or severe health problems.This reduced victims’quality of life and increased hospital healthcare expenses by increasing their recovery time.Several efforts were made to formulate new methods for DDI prediction to overcome this issue.In this aspect,this study designs a new Spotted Hyena Optimizer Driven Deep Learning based Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction(SHODL-DDIP)model in a big data environment.In the presented SHODL-DDIP technique,the relativity and characteristics of the drugs can be identified from different sources for prediction.The input data is preprocessed at the primary level to improve its quality.Next,the salp swarm optimization algorithm(SSO)is used to select features.In this study,the deep belief network(DBN)model is exploited to predict the DDI accurately.The SHO algorithm is involved in improvising the DBN model’s predictive outcomes,showing the novelty of the work.The experimental result analysis of the SHODL-DDIP technique is tested using drug databases,and the results signified the improvements of the SHODLDDIP technique over other recent models in terms of different performance measures.展开更多
Artificial intelligence,machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been widely used for Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)in solar systems.In the traditional MPPT strategies,following of worldwide Global Maxim...Artificial intelligence,machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been widely used for Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)in solar systems.In the traditional MPPT strategies,following of worldwide Global Maximum Power Point(GMPP)under incomplete concealing conditions stay overwhelming assignment and tracks different nearby greatest power focuses under halfway concealing conditions.The advent of artificial intelligence in MPPT has guaranteed of accurate following of GMPP while expanding the significant performance and efficiency of MPPT under Partial Shading Conditions(PSC).Still the selection of an efficient learning based MPPT is complex because each model has its advantages and drawbacks.Recently,Meta-heuristic algorithm based Learning techniques have provided better tracking efficiency but still exhibit dull performances under PSC.This work represents an excellent optimization based on Spotted Hyena Enabled Reliable BAT(SHERB)learning models,SHERB-MPPT integrated with powerful extreme learning machines to identify the GMPP with fast convergence,low steady-state oscillations,and good tracking efficiency.Extensive testing using MATLAB-SIMULINK,with 50000 data combinations gathered under partial shade and normal settings.As a result of simulations,the proposed approach offers 99.7%tracking efficiency with a slower convergence speed.To demonstrate the predominance of the proposed system,we have compared the performance of the system with other hybrid MPPT learning models.Results proved that the proposed cross breed MPPT model had beaten different techniques in recognizing GMPP viably under fractional concealing conditions.展开更多
When febrile illnesses develop a rash in children, parents are very concerned about a serious disease. Many rashes associated with fever are caused by infectious diseases. Rashes are generally nonspecific and play a s...When febrile illnesses develop a rash in children, parents are very concerned about a serious disease. Many rashes associated with fever are caused by infectious diseases. Rashes are generally nonspecific and play a supportive role in differential diagnosis, but for some diseases, the appearance of the rash is essential in making a diagnosis. Here is presented the case of a 4-year-old boy with high fever, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and a generalized maculo-papular rash including palms and soles. On physical examination were found a black eschar, cervical lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings resulted in moderate leukocytosis and moderate involvement of the liver and renal function. Based on this finding, a diagnosis of Mediterranean Spotted Fever was performed. The child recovered after medication with azithromycin. Because there is no reliable test that can confirm MSF in its early stages, the diagnosis is commonly made on the basis of clinical findings, so a high index of suspicion should be maintained while evaluating a child with fever and rash.展开更多
Ebian spotted cattle has the ability to adapt to the local natural ecological environment,and is one of the excellent local cattle breeds in Sichuan.Ebian spotted cattle is a breed of cattle for both service and meat ...Ebian spotted cattle has the ability to adapt to the local natural ecological environment,and is one of the excellent local cattle breeds in Sichuan.Ebian spotted cattle is a breed of cattle for both service and meat use and formed through long-term natural selection and artificial selection.Because of the weak development and utilization of this breed,the economic benefits of excellent breeds have not been fully brought into play,and farmers'enthusiasm in breeding is poor,so that the number of Ebian spotted cattle has reduced year by year.In order to strengthen the protection,development and utilization of Ebian spotted cattle as a local excellent breed,combined with the third national survey of livestock and poultry genetic resources in 2021,Ebian spotted cattle was investigated,and a comprehensive,scientific and objective analysis of its population numbers was conducted.Besides,reasonable suggestions were put forward.展开更多
Background: Spotted Fever (SF) is an acute febrile zoonosis of variable severity that typically occurs in an endemic manner with worldwide distribution. Considering that SF is a disease of significant public health im...Background: Spotted Fever (SF) is an acute febrile zoonosis of variable severity that typically occurs in an endemic manner with worldwide distribution. Considering that SF is a disease of significant public health importance, this study aims to identify the mortality profile due to SF in Brazil from 2018 to 2022. Methods: Quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) cases registered in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN-DATASUS) across all regions of Brazil. The data collected includes information on the following variables: year of symptom, evolution, sex, race, environment of infection, region of notification, and age group. Subsequently, the data was entered into Microsoft Excel to create tables and graphs. The chi-square test was then applied to statistically analyze the associations between qualitative variables. A modified Poisson regression model with robust variance was constructed to analyze the age group data and determine which categories had different probabilities of death. The results show the estimates obtained for prevalence ratios, as well as their respective confidence intervals and p-values. The statistical software SAS version 9.4 was used to perform the analysis and a significance level of 5% was considered. Results: From 2018 to 2022, a total of 1126 cases of BSF were reported. Out of these cases, 59.3% (668) were cured, 32.4% (364) resulted in death, 1.1% (13) died from other causes and 7.2% (81) had no recorded outcome. Regarding the region with the highest death rate, the Southeast region led with 99.45% (362) of cases, followed by the Northeast region with 0.45% (2). As for the age group, the majority (63.7%) fell between the ages of 20 and 59 years old. In terms of race/color, 52.7% of the population identified as white. Regarding the contamination environment, 39.3% were in leisure areas. The outcome of death by BSF showed statistically significant associations with sex (p-value = 0.03) and age group (p-value = 0.003). Conclusion: The profile of deaths from Brazilian Spotted Fever primarily affects individuals from the Southeast region of the country, particularly men, and whites aged 20 years or older being contaminated mainly in leisure environments. This study provides a detailed understanding of the pattern of BSP-related deaths, providing crucial information for public health authorities. These insights provide valuable support for formulating informed policies and effective BSP control and prevention strategies.展开更多
Multi Access Interference (MAI) is the main source limiting the capacity and quality of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system which fulfills the demand of hig...Multi Access Interference (MAI) is the main source limiting the capacity and quality of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system which fulfills the demand of high-speed transmission rate and high quality of service for future underwater acoustic (UWA) communication. Multi User Detection (MUD) is needed to overcome the performance degradation caused by MAI. In this research, both local and global optimal solutions are obtained in Bionic Binary Spotted Hyena Optimizer (BBSHO) algorithm using the Position Coordinate Vectors (PCVs) of the social behavior of spotted hyenas to achieve MUD. Further, Extremal Optimization (EO) is introduced in BBSHO algorithm to improve the local search ability within the search space. Hence, a hybrid BBSHO algorithm is proposed for achieving MUD at the receiver of the MIMO-OFDM system whose transceiver model in underwater is implemented using BELLHOP simulation system. By MATLAB simulation, it is shown that the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms with best optimal solution within the search space towards MUD for Interference to Noise Ratio (INR) at 10 dB, 20 dB, and 40 dB over conventional detectors and metaheuristic approaches such as Binary Spotted Hyena Optimizer (BSHO), Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) in the UWA network.展开更多
Database belong to the Programa Nacional de Aprovechamiento del Atún y Protección de los Delfines (PNAAPD) from México. The area covers from latitude 5 to 20 N and longitude 90 to 125 W, Eastern Pacific...Database belong to the Programa Nacional de Aprovechamiento del Atún y Protección de los Delfines (PNAAPD) from México. The area covers from latitude 5 to 20 N and longitude 90 to 125 W, Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO), for 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005 and 2006 includes date, geographical position, sea surface temperature, tuna’s catch, yellowfin tuna’s size and dolphin’s number. 5 degress squares of latitude and longitude, each year were made. Yellowfin tuna number was normally distributed (KSd = 0.02, P > 0.20). The problem to solve is the relationship of the spotted dolphin and yellowfin tuna, that may analyze in the background of a non linear generalized model. Considering the array of latitude and longitude over the years that the abundance of yellowfin tuna is a dependent variable and the spotted dolphin abundance is the covariance continuous variable, the interaction and covariance, indicates a significant contribution to variability. The tuna abundance index does produce significative differences in latitude and longitude. Considering the dolphin as a dependent variable and the yellowfin tuna as a covariance continuous variable, the dolphin abundance index produced significative differences in latitude and longitude.展开更多
We describe a case of Mediterranean spotted fever complicated with thrombosis of the left central retinal vein. A 41-year-old woman patient living in the city Scodra was referred to our hospital in October 2017 for hi...We describe a case of Mediterranean spotted fever complicated with thrombosis of the left central retinal vein. A 41-year-old woman patient living in the city Scodra was referred to our hospital in October 2017 for high fever 40°C, muscular and articular pains, severe headache, maculopapular rash, chills, photophobia and visual loss in his left eye. Ocular examination showed vision acuity: OD 8/10, OS 2/10. Funduscopic examination complemented with fluorescein angiography showed: optic nerve papilla with clear contours, diffuse hemorrhages in the contest off retinal vein thrombosis, white retinal lesions, vascular sheathing and macular cystoids edema. R. conorii antibodies were identified by ELISA anti Rickettsia conorii IgM, IgG and Weil-Felix Ox-19 test. Investigation of other infective agents and the immunological panel were negative. After treatment with doxycycline 200 mg/day for 10 days vision acuity was OD: 8/10 OS: 6/10;FO: There are less hemorrhages in fluorescein angiograph and OCT showed a reduced macular cystoids edema. Mediterranean spotted fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient who presents with an acute febrile disease accompanied by maculopapular rash especially in the seasons of spring, summer or autumn.展开更多
Brazilian spotted fever and bartonellosis are zoonotic, emerging and under diagnosed diseases. Pets may be co-infected by multiple pathogens and become transmissions sources to humans. The study reports the first case...Brazilian spotted fever and bartonellosis are zoonotic, emerging and under diagnosed diseases. Pets may be co-infected by multiple pathogens and become transmissions sources to humans. The study reports the first case of active co-infection by Brazilian spotted fever and bartonellosis based on serological evidence. The authors aim to demonstrate the importance of performing systematic syndromic investigations on nonspecific febrile syndromes, guided by the epidemiological history and considering the possibility of co-infection by zoonosis sharing the same ecological niche.展开更多
Understanding the habitat shifting pattern is a prerequisite for implementing in situ conservation of migratory species.Spotted seals(Phoca largha)inhabiting the Yellow Sea ecoregion(YSE)comprise a small population wi...Understanding the habitat shifting pattern is a prerequisite for implementing in situ conservation of migratory species.Spotted seals(Phoca largha)inhabiting the Yellow Sea ecoregion(YSE)comprise a small population with independent genes and represent a charismatic flagship species in this region.However,this population has declined by 80%since the 1940s,and increased support from the countries around the YSE is urgently needed to address the potential local extinction risk.A time-series niche model and life-history weighted systematic conservation planning were designed on the basis of a satellite beacon tracking survey(2010–2020)of the YSE population.The results showed clustering and spreading shifting patterns during the breeding and migratory seasons,respectively.The closed-loop migration route formed in the YSE indicated that this population might be geographically isolated from populations in other breeding areas around the world.The conservation priority area(CPA),with an area of 19632 km^(2)(3.58%of the total YSE area),was the most effective response to the potential in situ risk.However,nearly 80%of the CPA was exposed outside the existing marine protected areas(MPAs).Future establishment of MPAs in China should strategically consider the conservation gap identified herein,and it is recommended for Korea’s closed fishing season to be spatially set in the western Korean Peninsula from May to August.This study also exemplified that the lack of temporal information would lead to the dislocation of niche modeling for migratory species represented by spotted seals.Attention should be paid to protecting small and migratory populations in marine biodiversity conservation planning.展开更多
Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus(TSWV)causes substantial economic losses to vegetables and other crops.TSWV is mainly transmitted by thrips in a persistent and proliferative manner,and its most efficient vector is ...Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus(TSWV)causes substantial economic losses to vegetables and other crops.TSWV is mainly transmitted by thrips in a persistent and proliferative manner,and its most efficient vector is the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande).In moving from the thrips midgut to the salivary glands in preparation for transmission,the virions must overcome multiple barriers.Although several proteins that interact with TSWV in thrips have been characterized,we hypothesized that additional thrips proteins interact with TSWV and facilitate its transmission.In the current study,67 F occidentalis proteins that interact with GN(a structural glycoprotein)were identified using a split-ubiquitin membrane-based yeast 2-hybrid(MbY2H)system.Three proteins,apolipoprotein-D(ApoD),orai-2-like(Orai),and obstructor-E-like isoform X2(Obst),were selected for further study based on their high abundance and interaction strength;their interactions with Gn were confirmed by MbY2H,yeastβ-galactosidase and luciferase complementation assays.The relative expressions of ApoD and Orai were significantly down-regulated but that of Obst was significantly up-regulated in viruliferous thrips.When interfering with Obst in larval stage,the TSWV acquisition rate in 3 independent experiments was significantly decreased by 26%,40%,and 35%,respectively.In addition,when Obst was silenced in adults,the virus titer was significantly decreased,and the TSWV transmission rate decreased from 66.7%to 31.9%using the leaf disk method and from 86.67%to 43.33%using the living plant method.However,the TSWV acquisition and transmission rates were not affected by interference with the ApoD or Orai gene.The results indicate that Obst may play an important role in TSWV acquisition and transmission in Frankliniella occidentalis.展开更多
Inland wetlands in Abu Dhabi Emirate are wintering and stopover sites for migratory birds of prey. We conducted long-term regular monitoring surveys in Al Wathba Wetland Reserve (AWWR) from January 1995 to December 20...Inland wetlands in Abu Dhabi Emirate are wintering and stopover sites for migratory birds of prey. We conducted long-term regular monitoring surveys in Al Wathba Wetland Reserve (AWWR) from January 1995 to December 2022. Both diurnal and occasionally nocturnal surveys were undertaken to record the migratory raptors and owls in the Wetland Reserve. During the study, a total of 1282 regular monitoring visits were undertaken and 27 species of diurnal raptors and owls representing five families and three orders were detected. These represent 57% of the total species of birds of prey recorded in the UAE. Overall, 63% of all the species that we observed were Accipitriformes followed by 26% Falconiformes and 11% Strigiformes. We found that changes in mean daily temperature have a positive effect on raptor species diversity and abundance in the Wetland Reserve. The species encounter rate was higher in low temperature as compared to high temperature and overall regression equation was statistically significant F (4, 1126) = 8.49), p = 0.00). However, the numbers of raptors did not vary significantly across the years (p = 0.51). Western Marsh-harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and Greater Spotted Eagle (Clanga clanga) were recorded to be the most abundant species in the wetland reserve followed by Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). However, the encounter rate of globally threatened Greater Spotted Eagle was detected to have significantly decreased since 2016. Moreover, 63% of the species detected were uncommon and rarely recorded such as 1) Saker Falcon 2) Lanner Falcon 3) Long-eared Owl & Merlin, which were the rare records from the wetland reserve. Furthermore, 27 years of regular monitoring in the wetland have yielded diverse diurnal raptors and owl fauna (H) = 0.83, (E) = 1.43 (Shannon Diversity Index). The results demonstrate that long-term monitoring surveys in arid environments are essential to determine the trends in the raptor populations and to document rare and globally important species.展开更多
To investigate the effect of void defects on the shock response of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)co-crystals,shock responses of CL-20 co-crystals with energetic materials ligands trinitrotoluene(TNT),1,3-dinitro...To investigate the effect of void defects on the shock response of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)co-crystals,shock responses of CL-20 co-crystals with energetic materials ligands trinitrotoluene(TNT),1,3-dinitrobenzene(DNB),solvents ligands dimethyl carbonate(DMC) and gamma-butyrolactone(GBL)with void were simulated,using molecular dynamics method and reactive force field.It is found that the CL-20 co-crystals with void defects will form hot spots when impacted,significantly affecting the decomposition of molecules around the void.The degree of molecular fragmentation is relatively low under the reflection velocity of 2 km/s,and the main reactions are the formation of dimer and the shedding of nitro groups.The existence of voids reduces the safety of CL-20 co-crystals,which induced the sensitivity of energetic co-crystals CL-20/TNT and CL-20/DNB to increase more significantly.Detonation has occurred under the reflection velocity of 4 km/s,energetic co-crystals are easier to polymerize than solvent co-crystals,and are not obviously affected by voids.The results show that the energy of the wave decreases after sweeping over the void,which reduces the chemical reaction frequency downstream of the void and affects the detonation performance,especially the solvent co-crystals.展开更多
Auxin is throughout the entire life process of plants and is involved in the crosstalk with other hormones,yet its role in apple disease resistance remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the function of auxin/i...Auxin is throughout the entire life process of plants and is involved in the crosstalk with other hormones,yet its role in apple disease resistance remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the function of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)gene Md IAA24 overexpression in enhancing apple resistance to Glomerella leaf spot(GLS)caused by Colletotrichum fructicola(Cf).Analysis revealed that,upon Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants exhibited enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activity,as well as a greater amount of glutathione(reduced form)and ascorbic acid accumulation,resulting in less H_(2)O_(2)and superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-))in apple leaves.Furthermore,35S::Md IAA24 plants produced more protocatechuic acid,proanthocyanidins B1,proanthocyanidins B2 and chlorogenic acid when infected with Cf.Following Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants presented lower levels of IAA and jasmonic acid(JA),but higher levels of salicylic acid(SA),along with the expression of related genes.The overexpression of Md IAA24 was observed to enhance the activity of chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase in Cfinfected leaves.The results indicated the ability of Md IAA24 to regulate the crosstalk between IAA,JA and SA,and to improve reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and defense-related enzymes activity.This jointly contributed to GLS resistance in apple.展开更多
Controlling inner-wall band segregation is one of the difficulties in the production of high-strength antisulfur pipes.Comparative tests were carried out on different casting processes(superheat,mold electromagnetic s...Controlling inner-wall band segregation is one of the difficulties in the production of high-strength antisulfur pipes.Comparative tests were carried out on different casting processes(superheat,mold electromagnetic stirring,end electromagnetic stirring,casting speed and soft reduction)for the smelting of high-strength antisulfur pipes.The microstructures of continuous-casting billets and hot-rolled or tempered pipes were analyzed using a metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope.The mechanism and evolution law regarding the inner-wall band segregation of high-strength antisulfur pipes were studied,and the influence of different casting processes was explored.展开更多
基金the Science and Technology Planning Project in FujianChina(No.2015N0010)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project in XiamenChina(No.3502Z20143017)。
文摘The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes due to excessive intensive farming,such as slow animal growth,frequent disease,and lipid metabolism disorders.These problems have limited the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry,and a continuable solution is required.The use of fungal polysaccharide appears to provide a solution to these problems.Therefore,different supplemented levels of Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,and 2.0 g/kg,respectively)were fed to spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)in similar size(30.28±0.18 g)in current study.The effects of PCP on growth,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass were investigated after a 4-week rearing period.Results showed,fish with PCP intake presented a significantly higher weight gain,specific growth rate,and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio.Significantly higher trypsin activity in liver and intestine were observed in fish with PCP intake.The superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of fish with PCP intake were significantly improved,while significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic catalase activity were also observed.However,no significant differences in lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity were evident among groups.Fish with PCP intake showed a significantly lower total cholesterol,but no noteworthy change in triglyceride and lipid-metabolismrelated genes expression were observed among groups.Results indicated that intake of PCP has a positive effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of spotted sea bass,but seems to have a limited effect on the non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass.Based on the regression analysis results,1.4 g/kg of PCP is the optimal dose for spotted sea bass in size(30.28±0.18 g).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32160715,31660576,31760583)the Joint Project of Basic Agricultural Research in Yunnan Province(Grant No.2018FG001-004)+3 种基金Yunnan Luxi County Vegetable Industry Science and Technology Mission project(Grant No.202204BI090006)the General Project of Yunnan Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.2016FB064)High-level Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Agricultural University(Grant No.KY2022-27)Research and Integrated Applications of Key Technology in Standardized Production of Facility Vegetables(Grant No.202102AE090005)。
文摘Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new genes and metabolites related to TSWV resistance in tomato plants,the genes and metabolites related to the resistance of tomato plants inoculated with TSWV were identified and studied herein.The tomato TSWV-resistance line YNAU335(335)and TSWV-susceptible lines NO5 and 96172I(961)were used as the transcriptome and metabolome research materials.Transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were used to analyze the gene and metabolite response mechanisms to TSWV inoculation.A total of 3566,2951,and 2674 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and961,respectively.Meanwhile,208,228,and 273 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and 961,respectively.In line 335,the number of DEGs was the highest,but the number of DAMs was lowest.Furthermore,903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were common to the response to TSWV in the three inbred lines.The 903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid synthesis pathways.In addition,many nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes and transcription factors were found that might be involved in the TSWV response.These results provide new insights into TSWV resistance mechanisms.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFD0900204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072947)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(No.CARS-47)the KU-OUC Dual Master’s Program and Ocean University of China Scholarship Council。
文摘The caspase gene family is a crucial gene cluster that regulates apoptosis which contribute to programmed cell death,cell proliferation and differentiation,and several immune responses.In our study,a complete set of 12 caspase genes were identified in spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus.These genes were divided into three subfamilies:2 inflammatory caspases(casp-1 and casp-14-like),5 apoptosis initiators(casp-2,casp-8a,casp-8b,casp-9,and casp-10),and 5 apoptosis executioners(casp-3a,casp-3b,casp-3-like,casp-6,and casp-7).Their phylogenetic relationships,synteny and gene structures were systematically analyzed.Furthermore,the relative expression profiles of the caspase family members in the liver,intestine,head kidney,and spleen were measured by q PCR after infection with Vibrio harveyi.The results showed that the overall mRNA levels of the caspase genes were dramatically increased after V.harveyi infection,and the expression patterns varied among genes and tissues.More caspase genes underwent pronounced expression changes in the head kidney and spleen than in the liver or intestine,mainly after 48 h of the challenge.Specifically,casp-3a,casp-3b,casp-3-like,casp-6,casp-7,casp-8a,casp-8b,casp-10,and casp-14-like in the head kidney,and casp-3-like,casp-6,casp-7,and casp-14-like in the spleen,were the most responsive caspase genes which may contribute significantly to immune regulation in spotted sea bass.Additionally,the apoptosis level in head kidney and spleen after infection were examined using the Caspase assay.Our study provides a systemic overview of the caspase gene family in spotted sea bass after V.harveyi infection and lays a foundation for further deciphering the biological roles of these caspase genes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072049)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202203)。
文摘Identification of immunity-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRR-RLK) is critical to elucidate the LRR-RLK mediated mechanism of plant immunity.Here,we reported the map-based cloning of a novel rice SPOTTED-LEAF 41(Os SPL41) encoding a putative LRR-RLK protein(Os LRR-RLK41/Os SPL41) that regulated disease responses to the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).An 8-bp insertion at position 865 bp in a mutant spotted-leaf 41(spl41) allele led to the formation of purple-brown lesions on leaves.Functional complementation by the wild type allele(Os SPL41) can rescue the mutant phenotype,and the complementary lines showed similar performance to wild type in a number of agronomic,physiological and molecular indices.Os SPL41 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested,and Os SPL41 contains a typical transmembrane domain critical for its localization to the cell membrane.The mutant exhibited an enhanced level of resistance to Xoo in companion of markedly up-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes such as Os PR10a,Os PAL1 and Os NPR1,while the level of salicylic acid was significantly increased in spl41.In contrast,the over-expression lines exhibited a reduced level of H_(2)O_(2) and were much susceptible to Xoo with down-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes.These results suggested that Os SPL41 might negatively regulate plant immunity through the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice.
基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R140)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:22UQU4310373DSR15.
文摘Recent developments on Internet and social networking have led to the growth of aggressive language and hate speech.Online provocation,abuses,and attacks are widely termed cyberbullying(CB).The massive quantity of user generated content makes it difficult to recognize CB.Current advancements in machine learning(ML),deep learning(DL),and natural language processing(NLP)tools enable to detect and classify CB in social networks.In this view,this study introduces a spotted hyena optimizer with deep learning driven cybersecurity(SHODLCS)model for OSN.The presented SHODLCS model intends to accomplish cybersecurity from the identification of CB in the OSN.For achieving this,the SHODLCS model involves data pre-processing and TF-IDF based feature extraction.In addition,the cascaded recurrent neural network(CRNN)model is applied for the identification and classification of CB.Finally,the SHO algorithm is exploited to optimally tune the hyperparameters involved in the CRNN model and thereby results in enhanced classifier performance.The experimental validation of the SHODLCS model on the benchmark dataset portrayed the better outcomes of the SHODLCS model over the recent approaches.
文摘Nowadays,smart healthcare and biomedical research have marked a substantial growth rate in terms of their presence in the literature,computational approaches,and discoveries,owing to which a massive quantity of experimental datasets was published and generated(Big Data)for describing and validating such novelties.Drug-drug interaction(DDI)significantly contributed to drug administration and development.It continues as the main obstacle in offering inexpensive and safe healthcare.It normally happens for patients with extensive medication,leading them to take many drugs simultaneously.DDI may cause side effects,either mild or severe health problems.This reduced victims’quality of life and increased hospital healthcare expenses by increasing their recovery time.Several efforts were made to formulate new methods for DDI prediction to overcome this issue.In this aspect,this study designs a new Spotted Hyena Optimizer Driven Deep Learning based Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction(SHODL-DDIP)model in a big data environment.In the presented SHODL-DDIP technique,the relativity and characteristics of the drugs can be identified from different sources for prediction.The input data is preprocessed at the primary level to improve its quality.Next,the salp swarm optimization algorithm(SSO)is used to select features.In this study,the deep belief network(DBN)model is exploited to predict the DDI accurately.The SHO algorithm is involved in improvising the DBN model’s predictive outcomes,showing the novelty of the work.The experimental result analysis of the SHODL-DDIP technique is tested using drug databases,and the results signified the improvements of the SHODLDDIP technique over other recent models in terms of different performance measures.
文摘Artificial intelligence,machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been widely used for Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)in solar systems.In the traditional MPPT strategies,following of worldwide Global Maximum Power Point(GMPP)under incomplete concealing conditions stay overwhelming assignment and tracks different nearby greatest power focuses under halfway concealing conditions.The advent of artificial intelligence in MPPT has guaranteed of accurate following of GMPP while expanding the significant performance and efficiency of MPPT under Partial Shading Conditions(PSC).Still the selection of an efficient learning based MPPT is complex because each model has its advantages and drawbacks.Recently,Meta-heuristic algorithm based Learning techniques have provided better tracking efficiency but still exhibit dull performances under PSC.This work represents an excellent optimization based on Spotted Hyena Enabled Reliable BAT(SHERB)learning models,SHERB-MPPT integrated with powerful extreme learning machines to identify the GMPP with fast convergence,low steady-state oscillations,and good tracking efficiency.Extensive testing using MATLAB-SIMULINK,with 50000 data combinations gathered under partial shade and normal settings.As a result of simulations,the proposed approach offers 99.7%tracking efficiency with a slower convergence speed.To demonstrate the predominance of the proposed system,we have compared the performance of the system with other hybrid MPPT learning models.Results proved that the proposed cross breed MPPT model had beaten different techniques in recognizing GMPP viably under fractional concealing conditions.
文摘When febrile illnesses develop a rash in children, parents are very concerned about a serious disease. Many rashes associated with fever are caused by infectious diseases. Rashes are generally nonspecific and play a supportive role in differential diagnosis, but for some diseases, the appearance of the rash is essential in making a diagnosis. Here is presented the case of a 4-year-old boy with high fever, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and a generalized maculo-papular rash including palms and soles. On physical examination were found a black eschar, cervical lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings resulted in moderate leukocytosis and moderate involvement of the liver and renal function. Based on this finding, a diagnosis of Mediterranean Spotted Fever was performed. The child recovered after medication with azithromycin. Because there is no reliable test that can confirm MSF in its early stages, the diagnosis is commonly made on the basis of clinical findings, so a high index of suspicion should be maintained while evaluating a child with fever and rash.
基金Science and Technology Plan of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0001)Sichuan Beef Cattle Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(SCCXTD-2023-13)Special Project for Financial Operation of Sichuan Province,China。
文摘Ebian spotted cattle has the ability to adapt to the local natural ecological environment,and is one of the excellent local cattle breeds in Sichuan.Ebian spotted cattle is a breed of cattle for both service and meat use and formed through long-term natural selection and artificial selection.Because of the weak development and utilization of this breed,the economic benefits of excellent breeds have not been fully brought into play,and farmers'enthusiasm in breeding is poor,so that the number of Ebian spotted cattle has reduced year by year.In order to strengthen the protection,development and utilization of Ebian spotted cattle as a local excellent breed,combined with the third national survey of livestock and poultry genetic resources in 2021,Ebian spotted cattle was investigated,and a comprehensive,scientific and objective analysis of its population numbers was conducted.Besides,reasonable suggestions were put forward.
文摘Background: Spotted Fever (SF) is an acute febrile zoonosis of variable severity that typically occurs in an endemic manner with worldwide distribution. Considering that SF is a disease of significant public health importance, this study aims to identify the mortality profile due to SF in Brazil from 2018 to 2022. Methods: Quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) cases registered in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN-DATASUS) across all regions of Brazil. The data collected includes information on the following variables: year of symptom, evolution, sex, race, environment of infection, region of notification, and age group. Subsequently, the data was entered into Microsoft Excel to create tables and graphs. The chi-square test was then applied to statistically analyze the associations between qualitative variables. A modified Poisson regression model with robust variance was constructed to analyze the age group data and determine which categories had different probabilities of death. The results show the estimates obtained for prevalence ratios, as well as their respective confidence intervals and p-values. The statistical software SAS version 9.4 was used to perform the analysis and a significance level of 5% was considered. Results: From 2018 to 2022, a total of 1126 cases of BSF were reported. Out of these cases, 59.3% (668) were cured, 32.4% (364) resulted in death, 1.1% (13) died from other causes and 7.2% (81) had no recorded outcome. Regarding the region with the highest death rate, the Southeast region led with 99.45% (362) of cases, followed by the Northeast region with 0.45% (2). As for the age group, the majority (63.7%) fell between the ages of 20 and 59 years old. In terms of race/color, 52.7% of the population identified as white. Regarding the contamination environment, 39.3% were in leisure areas. The outcome of death by BSF showed statistically significant associations with sex (p-value = 0.03) and age group (p-value = 0.003). Conclusion: The profile of deaths from Brazilian Spotted Fever primarily affects individuals from the Southeast region of the country, particularly men, and whites aged 20 years or older being contaminated mainly in leisure environments. This study provides a detailed understanding of the pattern of BSP-related deaths, providing crucial information for public health authorities. These insights provide valuable support for formulating informed policies and effective BSP control and prevention strategies.
文摘Multi Access Interference (MAI) is the main source limiting the capacity and quality of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system which fulfills the demand of high-speed transmission rate and high quality of service for future underwater acoustic (UWA) communication. Multi User Detection (MUD) is needed to overcome the performance degradation caused by MAI. In this research, both local and global optimal solutions are obtained in Bionic Binary Spotted Hyena Optimizer (BBSHO) algorithm using the Position Coordinate Vectors (PCVs) of the social behavior of spotted hyenas to achieve MUD. Further, Extremal Optimization (EO) is introduced in BBSHO algorithm to improve the local search ability within the search space. Hence, a hybrid BBSHO algorithm is proposed for achieving MUD at the receiver of the MIMO-OFDM system whose transceiver model in underwater is implemented using BELLHOP simulation system. By MATLAB simulation, it is shown that the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms with best optimal solution within the search space towards MUD for Interference to Noise Ratio (INR) at 10 dB, 20 dB, and 40 dB over conventional detectors and metaheuristic approaches such as Binary Spotted Hyena Optimizer (BSHO), Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) in the UWA network.
文摘Database belong to the Programa Nacional de Aprovechamiento del Atún y Protección de los Delfines (PNAAPD) from México. The area covers from latitude 5 to 20 N and longitude 90 to 125 W, Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO), for 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005 and 2006 includes date, geographical position, sea surface temperature, tuna’s catch, yellowfin tuna’s size and dolphin’s number. 5 degress squares of latitude and longitude, each year were made. Yellowfin tuna number was normally distributed (KSd = 0.02, P > 0.20). The problem to solve is the relationship of the spotted dolphin and yellowfin tuna, that may analyze in the background of a non linear generalized model. Considering the array of latitude and longitude over the years that the abundance of yellowfin tuna is a dependent variable and the spotted dolphin abundance is the covariance continuous variable, the interaction and covariance, indicates a significant contribution to variability. The tuna abundance index does produce significative differences in latitude and longitude. Considering the dolphin as a dependent variable and the yellowfin tuna as a covariance continuous variable, the dolphin abundance index produced significative differences in latitude and longitude.
文摘We describe a case of Mediterranean spotted fever complicated with thrombosis of the left central retinal vein. A 41-year-old woman patient living in the city Scodra was referred to our hospital in October 2017 for high fever 40°C, muscular and articular pains, severe headache, maculopapular rash, chills, photophobia and visual loss in his left eye. Ocular examination showed vision acuity: OD 8/10, OS 2/10. Funduscopic examination complemented with fluorescein angiography showed: optic nerve papilla with clear contours, diffuse hemorrhages in the contest off retinal vein thrombosis, white retinal lesions, vascular sheathing and macular cystoids edema. R. conorii antibodies were identified by ELISA anti Rickettsia conorii IgM, IgG and Weil-Felix Ox-19 test. Investigation of other infective agents and the immunological panel were negative. After treatment with doxycycline 200 mg/day for 10 days vision acuity was OD: 8/10 OS: 6/10;FO: There are less hemorrhages in fluorescein angiograph and OCT showed a reduced macular cystoids edema. Mediterranean spotted fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient who presents with an acute febrile disease accompanied by maculopapular rash especially in the seasons of spring, summer or autumn.
文摘Brazilian spotted fever and bartonellosis are zoonotic, emerging and under diagnosed diseases. Pets may be co-infected by multiple pathogens and become transmissions sources to humans. The study reports the first case of active co-infection by Brazilian spotted fever and bartonellosis based on serological evidence. The authors aim to demonstrate the importance of performing systematic syndromic investigations on nonspecific febrile syndromes, guided by the epidemiological history and considering the possibility of co-infection by zoonosis sharing the same ecological niche.
基金This study was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0802204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32201433)+1 种基金World Wildlife Fund(project code:Ocean-A000588)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0900806).
文摘Understanding the habitat shifting pattern is a prerequisite for implementing in situ conservation of migratory species.Spotted seals(Phoca largha)inhabiting the Yellow Sea ecoregion(YSE)comprise a small population with independent genes and represent a charismatic flagship species in this region.However,this population has declined by 80%since the 1940s,and increased support from the countries around the YSE is urgently needed to address the potential local extinction risk.A time-series niche model and life-history weighted systematic conservation planning were designed on the basis of a satellite beacon tracking survey(2010–2020)of the YSE population.The results showed clustering and spreading shifting patterns during the breeding and migratory seasons,respectively.The closed-loop migration route formed in the YSE indicated that this population might be geographically isolated from populations in other breeding areas around the world.The conservation priority area(CPA),with an area of 19632 km^(2)(3.58%of the total YSE area),was the most effective response to the potential in situ risk.However,nearly 80%of the CPA was exposed outside the existing marine protected areas(MPAs).Future establishment of MPAs in China should strategically consider the conservation gap identified herein,and it is recommended for Korea’s closed fishing season to be spatially set in the western Korean Peninsula from May to August.This study also exemplified that the lack of temporal information would lead to the dislocation of niche modeling for migratory species represented by spotted seals.Attention should be paid to protecting small and migratory populations in marine biodiversity conservation planning.
基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-24-C-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272548)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)the Hainan Major Science and Technology Project(ZDKJ2021007)。
文摘Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus(TSWV)causes substantial economic losses to vegetables and other crops.TSWV is mainly transmitted by thrips in a persistent and proliferative manner,and its most efficient vector is the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande).In moving from the thrips midgut to the salivary glands in preparation for transmission,the virions must overcome multiple barriers.Although several proteins that interact with TSWV in thrips have been characterized,we hypothesized that additional thrips proteins interact with TSWV and facilitate its transmission.In the current study,67 F occidentalis proteins that interact with GN(a structural glycoprotein)were identified using a split-ubiquitin membrane-based yeast 2-hybrid(MbY2H)system.Three proteins,apolipoprotein-D(ApoD),orai-2-like(Orai),and obstructor-E-like isoform X2(Obst),were selected for further study based on their high abundance and interaction strength;their interactions with Gn were confirmed by MbY2H,yeastβ-galactosidase and luciferase complementation assays.The relative expressions of ApoD and Orai were significantly down-regulated but that of Obst was significantly up-regulated in viruliferous thrips.When interfering with Obst in larval stage,the TSWV acquisition rate in 3 independent experiments was significantly decreased by 26%,40%,and 35%,respectively.In addition,when Obst was silenced in adults,the virus titer was significantly decreased,and the TSWV transmission rate decreased from 66.7%to 31.9%using the leaf disk method and from 86.67%to 43.33%using the living plant method.However,the TSWV acquisition and transmission rates were not affected by interference with the ApoD or Orai gene.The results indicate that Obst may play an important role in TSWV acquisition and transmission in Frankliniella occidentalis.
文摘Inland wetlands in Abu Dhabi Emirate are wintering and stopover sites for migratory birds of prey. We conducted long-term regular monitoring surveys in Al Wathba Wetland Reserve (AWWR) from January 1995 to December 2022. Both diurnal and occasionally nocturnal surveys were undertaken to record the migratory raptors and owls in the Wetland Reserve. During the study, a total of 1282 regular monitoring visits were undertaken and 27 species of diurnal raptors and owls representing five families and three orders were detected. These represent 57% of the total species of birds of prey recorded in the UAE. Overall, 63% of all the species that we observed were Accipitriformes followed by 26% Falconiformes and 11% Strigiformes. We found that changes in mean daily temperature have a positive effect on raptor species diversity and abundance in the Wetland Reserve. The species encounter rate was higher in low temperature as compared to high temperature and overall regression equation was statistically significant F (4, 1126) = 8.49), p = 0.00). However, the numbers of raptors did not vary significantly across the years (p = 0.51). Western Marsh-harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and Greater Spotted Eagle (Clanga clanga) were recorded to be the most abundant species in the wetland reserve followed by Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). However, the encounter rate of globally threatened Greater Spotted Eagle was detected to have significantly decreased since 2016. Moreover, 63% of the species detected were uncommon and rarely recorded such as 1) Saker Falcon 2) Lanner Falcon 3) Long-eared Owl & Merlin, which were the rare records from the wetland reserve. Furthermore, 27 years of regular monitoring in the wetland have yielded diverse diurnal raptors and owl fauna (H) = 0.83, (E) = 1.43 (Shannon Diversity Index). The results demonstrate that long-term monitoring surveys in arid environments are essential to determine the trends in the raptor populations and to document rare and globally important species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22275018)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology (Beijing Institute of Technology)(Grant No.QNKT20-04)。
文摘To investigate the effect of void defects on the shock response of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)co-crystals,shock responses of CL-20 co-crystals with energetic materials ligands trinitrotoluene(TNT),1,3-dinitrobenzene(DNB),solvents ligands dimethyl carbonate(DMC) and gamma-butyrolactone(GBL)with void were simulated,using molecular dynamics method and reactive force field.It is found that the CL-20 co-crystals with void defects will form hot spots when impacted,significantly affecting the decomposition of molecules around the void.The degree of molecular fragmentation is relatively low under the reflection velocity of 2 km/s,and the main reactions are the formation of dimer and the shedding of nitro groups.The existence of voids reduces the safety of CL-20 co-crystals,which induced the sensitivity of energetic co-crystals CL-20/TNT and CL-20/DNB to increase more significantly.Detonation has occurred under the reflection velocity of 4 km/s,energetic co-crystals are easier to polymerize than solvent co-crystals,and are not obviously affected by voids.The results show that the energy of the wave decreases after sweeping over the void,which reduces the chemical reaction frequency downstream of the void and affects the detonation performance,especially the solvent co-crystals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000307)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172529)+2 种基金the Special Funds for Major Scientific and Technological Innovation from Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2020zdzx03-0101)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-27)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2017M610657,2018T111108)。
文摘Auxin is throughout the entire life process of plants and is involved in the crosstalk with other hormones,yet its role in apple disease resistance remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the function of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)gene Md IAA24 overexpression in enhancing apple resistance to Glomerella leaf spot(GLS)caused by Colletotrichum fructicola(Cf).Analysis revealed that,upon Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants exhibited enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activity,as well as a greater amount of glutathione(reduced form)and ascorbic acid accumulation,resulting in less H_(2)O_(2)and superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-))in apple leaves.Furthermore,35S::Md IAA24 plants produced more protocatechuic acid,proanthocyanidins B1,proanthocyanidins B2 and chlorogenic acid when infected with Cf.Following Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants presented lower levels of IAA and jasmonic acid(JA),but higher levels of salicylic acid(SA),along with the expression of related genes.The overexpression of Md IAA24 was observed to enhance the activity of chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase in Cfinfected leaves.The results indicated the ability of Md IAA24 to regulate the crosstalk between IAA,JA and SA,and to improve reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and defense-related enzymes activity.This jointly contributed to GLS resistance in apple.
文摘Controlling inner-wall band segregation is one of the difficulties in the production of high-strength antisulfur pipes.Comparative tests were carried out on different casting processes(superheat,mold electromagnetic stirring,end electromagnetic stirring,casting speed and soft reduction)for the smelting of high-strength antisulfur pipes.The microstructures of continuous-casting billets and hot-rolled or tempered pipes were analyzed using a metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope.The mechanism and evolution law regarding the inner-wall band segregation of high-strength antisulfur pipes were studied,and the influence of different casting processes was explored.
