Understanding the relationship between forest management and water use efficiency(WUE)is important for evaluating forest adaptability to climate change.However,the effects of thinning and understory removal on WUE and...Understanding the relationship between forest management and water use efficiency(WUE)is important for evaluating forest adaptability to climate change.However,the effects of thinning and understory removal on WUE and its key controlling processes are not well understood,which limits our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms of various management practices.In this study,four forest management measures(no thinning:NT;understory removal:UR;light thinning:LT;and heavy thinning:HT)were carried out in Pinus massoniana plantations in a subtropical region of China.Photosynthetic capacity and needle stable carbon isotope composition(δ^(13)C)were measured to assess instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE_(inst))and long-term water use efficiency(WUE_(i)).Multiple regression models and structural equation modelling(SEM)identified the effects of soil properties and physiological performances on WUE_(inst)and WUE_(i).The results show that WUE_(inst)values among the four treatments were insignificant.However,compared with the NT stand(35.8μmol·mol^(-1)),WUE_(i)values significantly increased to 41.7μmol·mol^(-1)in the UR,50.1μmol·mol^(-1)in the LT and 46.6μmol·mol^(-1)in HT treatments,largely explained by photosynthetic capacity and soil water content.Understory removal did not change physiological performance(needle water potential and photosynthetic capacity).Thinning increased the net photosynthetic rate(A_n)but not stomatal conductance(g_s)or predawn needle water potential(ψ_(pd)),implying that the improvement in water use efficiency for thinned stands was largely driven by radiation interception than by soil water availability.In general,thinning may be an appropriate management measure to promote P.massoniana WUE to cope with seasonal droughts under future extreme climates.展开更多
To improve the design and management of an integrated production system(IPS),a set of mathematical models and workflows are developed for evaluating the capacity of an IPS at steady-state conditions.Combining the cons...To improve the design and management of an integrated production system(IPS),a set of mathematical models and workflows are developed for evaluating the capacity of an IPS at steady-state conditions.Combining the conservation laws with applicable multiphase fluid and choke models,these mathematical models are solved to characterize the hydraulics of an integrated system of reservoir,wells,chokes,flowlines,and separator at steady state.The controllable variables such as well count,choke size and separator pressure are adjusted to optimize the performance of the IPs at a specific time.It is found that increasing the well count can increase the bulk flow rate of the production network,but too many wells may increase the manifold pressure,leading to decline of single-well production.Increasing the choke size can improve the capacity of the IPs.The production of the IPs is negatively correlated with the separator pressure.With increasing separator pressure and decreasing choke size,the increment of total fluid production(the capacity of IPS)induced by increasing well count decreases.Validation tests with field examples show a maximum absolute deviation is 1.5%,demonstrating the robustness and validity of the proposed mathematical models and workflows.展开更多
Heilongjiang Province is an important marketable grain depot in China. Since the reform and opening up, Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff is increasingly growing into a new level. This paper start...Heilongjiang Province is an important marketable grain depot in China. Since the reform and opening up, Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff is increasingly growing into a new level. This paper started with the actuality of Heilongjiang Province integrated production capacity of foodstuff, and analyzed its major factors empirically through the mathematical model, then proposed some measures to enhance Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff which ensured China foodstuff security.展开更多
This research attempts to devise a multistage and multiproduct short-term integrative production plan that can dynamically change based on the order priority and virtual occupancy for application in steel plants. Cons...This research attempts to devise a multistage and multiproduct short-term integrative production plan that can dynamically change based on the order priority and virtual occupancy for application in steel plants. Considering factors such as the delivery time, varietal compatibility between different products, production capacity of variety per hour, minimum or maximum batch size, and transfer time, we propose an available production capacity network with varietal compatibility and virtual occupancy for enhancing production plan implementation and quick adjustment in the case of dynamic production changes. Here available means the remaining production capacity after virtual occupancy.To quickly build an available production capacity network and increase the speed of algorithm solving, constraint selection and cutting methods with order priority were used for model solving. Finally, the genetic algorithm improved with local search was used to optimize the proposed production plan and significantly reduce the order delay rate. The validity of the proposed model and algorithm was numerically verified by simulating actual production practices. The simulation results demonstrate that the model and improved algorithm result in an effective production plan.展开更多
Respecting the on-time-delivery (OTD) for manufacturing orders is mandatory. This depends, however, on the probability distribution of incoming order rate. The case of non-equal distribution, such as aggregated arriva...Respecting the on-time-delivery (OTD) for manufacturing orders is mandatory. This depends, however, on the probability distribution of incoming order rate. The case of non-equal distribution, such as aggregated arrivals, may compromise the observance of on-time supplies for some orders. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the conditions of post-optimality for stochastic order rate governed production systems in order to observe OTD. Instead of a heuristic or a simulative exploration, a Cartesian-based approach is applied to developing the necessary and sufficient mathematical condition to solve the problem statement. The research result demonstrates that increasing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">speed of throughput reveals a latent capacity, which allows arrival orders </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">above capacity limits to be backlog-buffered and rescheduled for OTD, exploiting the virtual manufacturing elasticity inherent to all production systems to increase OTD reliability of non JIT-based production systems.展开更多
The fundamental task of well-facilitated farmland construction is to continuously lift the integrated production capacity. External project construction for well-facilitated farmland can not completely solve existing ...The fundamental task of well-facilitated farmland construction is to continuously lift the integrated production capacity. External project construction for well-facilitated farmland can not completely solve existing problems in improvement of intrinsic quality of farmland.Based on research findings of integrated production capacity of farmland,starting from basic elements such as water,soil,seed,fertilizer,and pesticide,this paper introduced factors influencing the integrated production capacity of well-facilitated farmland,including natural quality of farmland,supporting infrastructure,agricultural technology level and management level,and labor quality. Besides,it establish an evaluation system for integrated production capacity of well-facilitated farmland in Jiangsu Province by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP),and made an empirical study using indicator data of 2010- 2014. Results indicated that the general index of integrated production capacity of farmland in Jiangsu Province in 2010- 2014 was ascending,reflecting improvement of integrated production capacity of farmland. With the aid of radar map,it further found that the coupling between water,soil,seed,fertilizer,and pesticide and other elements play a crucial role in lifting the integrated production capacity of farmland. Finally,based on existing problems in construction of well-facilitated farmland in Jiangsu Province,it came up with some pertinent recommendations from the perspective of coordinated development of all elements.展开更多
Increasingly higher hard coal production capacity in Upper Silesian Coal Basin(Poland) in the last two decades led to significant increase of methane hazard occurrence in the workings of exploitation areas.An increase...Increasingly higher hard coal production capacity in Upper Silesian Coal Basin(Poland) in the last two decades led to significant increase of methane hazard occurrence in the workings of exploitation areas.An increase of methane content in the exploited seams and in the surrounding strata, associated with increasing depth of mining, results in higher methane emission into the longwall areas from exploited seams and degassing seams in the mining-induced de-stressed zone. Operational experience gained by the collieries confirms that reducing methane release during longwall operations often requires decreasing operating speed of a shearer in a shift. The paper presents an analysis of the parameters and factors,which have critical influence on the formation of methane hazard in longwall areas with high production capacity.展开更多
Methodologies have been developed for calculating cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity(RIPC) and reservoir intervals with accumulation capacity(RIAC) according to the types of pore throat structures...Methodologies have been developed for calculating cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity(RIPC) and reservoir intervals with accumulation capacity(RIAC) according to the types of pore throat structures and dynamic force by using data from petrophysical analysis, production tests and mercury injection. The data are from clastic reservoirs in the third member(Es3) and the fourth member(Es4) of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area on the North Slope of the Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, China. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIPC is summarized as follows: 1) determination of permeability cutoffs of RIPC; 2) classification of types of pore-throat structures according to mercury injection data and then relating porosity to permeability and determining the relationship between porosity and permeability according to each type of pore-throat structure; and 3) calculating porosity cutoffs of RIPC using established correlation between porosity and permeability according to the type of pore throat structure. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIAC includes: 1) establishing a functional relationship between oil-water interfacial tension and formation temperature; 2) calculating limiting values of maximum connected pore-throat radii according to formation temperature and dynamic forces of each reservoir interval; 3) correlating permeability with maximum connected pore-throat radius and then obtaining permeability cutoffs of RIAC; and 4) calculating porosity cutoffs on the basis of permeability cutoffs according to specific correlations, suitable for the type of porethroat structure. The results of this study show that porosity and permeability cutoffs of clastic reservoirs decrease with depth. For a fixed permeability cutoff, the porosity cutoff of RIPC varies because the type of pore throat is different. At a fixed temperature, porosity and permeability cutoffs of RIAC decrease as dynamic force increases. For a fixed permeability cutoff of effective hydrocarbon accumulation, the porosity cutoff also varies with different types of pore throat.展开更多
AIM: To determine the utility of interferon (IFN) -αproduction capacity in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for the measurement of immunosurveillance potential and for the early detection of hepatocell...AIM: To determine the utility of interferon (IFN) -αproduction capacity in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for the measurement of immunosurveillance potential and for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by investigating the Sendai virus (HVJ) stimulated IFN-α production capacity of patients with HCV infection.METHODS: HVJ stimulated IFN-α production was determined in a large number of patients with HCV infection and the development of HCC was monitored for 3 years in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).RESULTS: IFN-α production capacity decreases gradually with the progression of liver disease from chronic hepatitis (CH) to HCC. A significant correlation between the duration of HCV infection and impaired IFN-α production capacity was observed. IFN-α production in patients who developed HCC within 3 years was significantly lower than that of patients who remained in LC without developing HCC.CONCLUSION: Measurement of IFN-α production in LC patients may be useful for the early detection of HCC.展开更多
In this study,the effects of two types of premixed materials with different combinations of trace elements on the production performance and antioxidant capacity of simmental beef cattle were examined.Fifteen healthy ...In this study,the effects of two types of premixed materials with different combinations of trace elements on the production performance and antioxidant capacity of simmental beef cattle were examined.Fifteen healthy simmental beef cattle of similar weight(approximately 330 kg),the same age(12 months),without castration,and a good physique were divided into three groups,with five beef cattle in each group.Food of Group Ⅰ beef cattle was supplemented with a commercially marketed 5% compound trace element premixture for fine beef cattle.Food of Group Ⅱ beef cattle was supplemented with a 5% compound microelement premixture for beef cattle that was designed to address local nutrient deficiencies and surpluses.In the blank control group,the beef cattle were not fed a premixture.The pretest period was 15 days,and the test period was divided into prefattening(45 days)and postfattening(45 days)stages.Body weight and body size indices were recorded at 1,2 and 3 months,and blood samples were collected regularly.In Group Ⅰ,the daily weight gain increased significantly by 15.7% compared with that of the control group.The largest daily weight gain was in Group Ⅱ,which increased by 31.6% compared with that in the control.During the test period of 90 days,the body size indices of the three different groups increased in different months,with significant increases in the indices for both test groups compared with those of the control.In Group Ⅰ,the activity of CP,the total activity of SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD increased significantly(p<0.05)compared with those in the control group,with a highly significant increase observed in GSH-PX activity(p<0.01).In Group Ⅱ,the increases in the activity of CP and the total activity of SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD were highly significant compared with those in the control group(p<0.01).In addition,a significant increase was observed in GSH-PX activity(p<0.05).Based on pretest results,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Mo,Mn,Se and Co in the blood of experimental beef cattle were lower than those of the normal range.After feeding for 90 days,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Mo,Mn,Se and Co in the blood of Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05).The concentrations of elements in the blood of Group Ⅱ were close to the appropriate levels.Thus,the effects of the specifically designed compound microelement premixture on the prevention of nutrient imbalances and control of beef cattle nutrition metabolism and the production of fattened beef cattle were significant.展开更多
Based on the basic connotation of comprehensive agricultural production capacity,this article establishes the comprehensive agricultural production capacity indicator system on the basis of statistics. This indicator ...Based on the basic connotation of comprehensive agricultural production capacity,this article establishes the comprehensive agricultural production capacity indicator system on the basis of statistics. This indicator system consists of 5 parts ( input scale of factors,output scale of factors,output rate of factors,ability to resist disaster and ensure production,and modern operation level) and 14 specific indicators. Based on factor analysis method,we use this indicator system to conduct systematic empirical analysis of the level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity in 14 cities and prefectures of Hunan Province. The results show that although the overall level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity in Hunan Province tends to grow continuously and steadily,there are significant inter-regional differences in the level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity; in terms of the level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity,there is great room for improvement. Finally the following policy recommendations are put forward: strengthening balanced regional development and improving the overall level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity; strengthening the building of land carrying capacity; strengthening the building of agricultural ecological balance; strengthening the building of the scientific and technological support capacity.展开更多
Coal production capacity regulation is a complex system involving economic growth,structural optimization,high-efficiency mining,and environmental protection.Based on its driving factors,this paper forms four regulati...Coal production capacity regulation is a complex system involving economic growth,structural optimization,high-efficiency mining,and environmental protection.Based on its driving factors,this paper forms four regulation modes representing different control orientations,establishes a system dynamics model,and predicts the regulation effects of single-factor and combined control mode.The result shows:(1) Except for the mechanization degree and recovery rate,the other nine individual production capacity control policies are all conducive to reducing coal production capacity and restraining the excessive growth of coal production capacity.(2) The effect of combined regulation mode on slowing down the growth of coal demand,regulating the excessive growth of coal production capacity and new capacity investment are obviously better than that of single policy.(3) The combined control modes have obvious differences in the suppression effect on coal production capacity:transformational development mode > technology-driven mode > structural optimization mode > efficiency improvement mode.Therefore,in the process of achieving optimal regulation of coal production capacity,attention should be paid to the preferential use of transformational development and technology-driven mode.At the same time,the comprehensive use of regulation and control methods should also be considered to improve the regulation effect and the regulation efficiency of coal production capacity.展开更多
A desorption simulation experiment with the condition of simulated strata was designed. The experiment, under different depressurizing rates and the same fluid saturation, was conducted on the sample from 3# coal of D...A desorption simulation experiment with the condition of simulated strata was designed. The experiment, under different depressurizing rates and the same fluid saturation, was conducted on the sample from 3# coal of Daning coal mine in Jincheng, Shanxi Province. The gas production rate and pressure change at both ends of the sample were studied systematically, and the mechanisms of some phenomena in the experiment were discussed. The experimental results show that, whether at fast or slow depressurizing rate, the methane adsorbed to high-rank coal can effectively desorb and the desorption efficiency can reach above 90%. There is an obvious inflection point on the gas yield curve during the desorption process and it appears after the pressure on the lump of coal reduces below the desorption pressure. The desorption of methane from high-rank coal is mainly driven by differential pressure, and high pressure difference is conducive to fast desorption. In the scenario of fast depressurization, the desorption inflection appears earlier and the gas production rate in the stage of rapid desorption is higher. It is experimentally concluded that the originally recognized strategy of long-term slow CBM production is doubtful and the economic benefit of CBM exploitation from high-rank coal can be effectively improved by rapid drainage and pressure reduction. The field experiment results in pilot blocks of Fanzhuang and Zhengzhuang show that by increasing the drainage depressurization rate, the peak production of gas well would increase greatly, the time of gas well to reach the economic production shortened, the average time for a gas well to reach expected production reduced by half, and the peak gas production is higher.展开更多
A oilfield was an oil reservoir with strong bottom water in offshore, the water cut was as high as 96%. In the high water cut stage, the most effective way of increasing oil production was to extract liquid and increa...A oilfield was an oil reservoir with strong bottom water in offshore, the water cut was as high as 96%. In the high water cut stage, the most effective way of increasing oil production was to extract liquid and increase oil. The processing capacity of oilfield fluid was limited by the conditions. By using Petrel-RE-2017 software, combining reservoir engineering and percolation mechanics methods, this paper analyzes the effect of large-scale liquid pumping, expand coverage and shut-in coning in oil reservoirs with bottom water, and formulates the adjustment strategy of single well production structure of the whole oilfield. It was confirmed that large-scale liquid production can expand coverage and shutting down well can reduce water cut. It can provide reference and guidance for oil field with strong bottom water when it encounters bottleneck of liquid treatment capacity.展开更多
The main body of household operation in the rural household contract responsibility system of our country has developed to the present stage,and has formed the situation that three kinds of rural households coexist,na...The main body of household operation in the rural household contract responsibility system of our country has developed to the present stage,and has formed the situation that three kinds of rural households coexist,namely,ordinary rural households,major professional households and family farms. The agricultural production and operation of three kinds of household plays an important role in supporting the rapid development of modern agriculture in China. Under the new situation of deepening the rural reform and realizing the goal of well-off society in an all-round way,it is of great practical significance to make a thorough investigation and study on the present situation and approaches relating to the construction of the agricultural production and operation capacity for the three kinds of rural households.展开更多
Original equipment manufacturers(OEM) have never been so important and powerful as it is today in garment manufacturing industry.The OEMsupplier's production decisions always have a great impact on the market perf...Original equipment manufacturers(OEM) have never been so important and powerful as it is today in garment manufacturing industry.The OEMsupplier's production decisions always have a great impact on the market performance and the profits of a garment brand manufacturer.With constrained capacity and multiply buyers,howto make reasonable production decisions is an urgent problem for OEMsuppliers.A price discount model with a single OEMsupplier and two buyers is proposed to deal with the problem.Based on this model,the OEMsupplier could satisfy buyers' demands and guarantee their profits as well through adjusting price and delivery frequency.A numerical example validates the validity of the model.展开更多
The current situation of grain production in Huizhou City was analyzed firstly,and then the existing problems and challenges of grain safety production were pointed out,such as increases in the pressure to ensure grai...The current situation of grain production in Huizhou City was analyzed firstly,and then the existing problems and challenges of grain safety production were pointed out,such as increases in the pressure to ensure grain safety production and the difficulty of stable development of grain production.Finally,several countermeasures and suggestions for the stable development of grain production were put forward.展开更多
Through analysis of the current situation and newly-increased production capacity-of the oil refining industry of China, this Paper discusses both the continuous expansion trend and the serious excess of production ca...Through analysis of the current situation and newly-increased production capacity-of the oil refining industry of China, this Paper discusses both the continuous expansion trend and the serious excess of production capacity of the oil refining industry of China. Due to the entry of the Chinese economy into the new normal,the accelerated substitution of old energy by new energy and rigid restrictions composed of low carbon and environmental protection requirements, the oil demand of China will continue to increase overall, but the growth will obviously slow down. At the same time, the newly-increased production capacity in Shandong and coastal region will continuously expand, the supply and demand contradiction will intensify, and the structural excess production capacity of the oil refining industry of China will be prominent. It is suggested that the government should attach great importance to the production capacity of the oil refining industry at the macro level, and deeply carry forward the supply side structural reform, and that enterprises should speed up technical innovation,enhance regional and layout optimization, adapt to market changes and adjust product structure, control oil refining but increase chemical engineering, improve product quality and production efficiency, and constantly promote the international competitiveness of the Chinese petrochemical industry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0600201)the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CAF(CAFYBB2017ZB003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3187071631670720)。
文摘Understanding the relationship between forest management and water use efficiency(WUE)is important for evaluating forest adaptability to climate change.However,the effects of thinning and understory removal on WUE and its key controlling processes are not well understood,which limits our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms of various management practices.In this study,four forest management measures(no thinning:NT;understory removal:UR;light thinning:LT;and heavy thinning:HT)were carried out in Pinus massoniana plantations in a subtropical region of China.Photosynthetic capacity and needle stable carbon isotope composition(δ^(13)C)were measured to assess instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE_(inst))and long-term water use efficiency(WUE_(i)).Multiple regression models and structural equation modelling(SEM)identified the effects of soil properties and physiological performances on WUE_(inst)and WUE_(i).The results show that WUE_(inst)values among the four treatments were insignificant.However,compared with the NT stand(35.8μmol·mol^(-1)),WUE_(i)values significantly increased to 41.7μmol·mol^(-1)in the UR,50.1μmol·mol^(-1)in the LT and 46.6μmol·mol^(-1)in HT treatments,largely explained by photosynthetic capacity and soil water content.Understory removal did not change physiological performance(needle water potential and photosynthetic capacity).Thinning increased the net photosynthetic rate(A_n)but not stomatal conductance(g_s)or predawn needle water potential(ψ_(pd)),implying that the improvement in water use efficiency for thinned stands was largely driven by radiation interception than by soil water availability.In general,thinning may be an appropriate management measure to promote P.massoniana WUE to cope with seasonal droughts under future extreme climates.
文摘To improve the design and management of an integrated production system(IPS),a set of mathematical models and workflows are developed for evaluating the capacity of an IPS at steady-state conditions.Combining the conservation laws with applicable multiphase fluid and choke models,these mathematical models are solved to characterize the hydraulics of an integrated system of reservoir,wells,chokes,flowlines,and separator at steady state.The controllable variables such as well count,choke size and separator pressure are adjusted to optimize the performance of the IPs at a specific time.It is found that increasing the well count can increase the bulk flow rate of the production network,but too many wells may increase the manifold pressure,leading to decline of single-well production.Increasing the choke size can improve the capacity of the IPs.The production of the IPs is negatively correlated with the separator pressure.With increasing separator pressure and decreasing choke size,the increment of total fluid production(the capacity of IPS)induced by increasing well count decreases.Validation tests with field examples show a maximum absolute deviation is 1.5%,demonstrating the robustness and validity of the proposed mathematical models and workflows.
基金Supported by the Achievement of Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Heilongjiang Province (1153-NCET-004)Project of Postdoctoral Scientific Research Launch Foundation in Heilongjiang Province
文摘Heilongjiang Province is an important marketable grain depot in China. Since the reform and opening up, Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff is increasingly growing into a new level. This paper started with the actuality of Heilongjiang Province integrated production capacity of foodstuff, and analyzed its major factors empirically through the mathematical model, then proposed some measures to enhance Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff which ensured China foodstuff security.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51274043)。
文摘This research attempts to devise a multistage and multiproduct short-term integrative production plan that can dynamically change based on the order priority and virtual occupancy for application in steel plants. Considering factors such as the delivery time, varietal compatibility between different products, production capacity of variety per hour, minimum or maximum batch size, and transfer time, we propose an available production capacity network with varietal compatibility and virtual occupancy for enhancing production plan implementation and quick adjustment in the case of dynamic production changes. Here available means the remaining production capacity after virtual occupancy.To quickly build an available production capacity network and increase the speed of algorithm solving, constraint selection and cutting methods with order priority were used for model solving. Finally, the genetic algorithm improved with local search was used to optimize the proposed production plan and significantly reduce the order delay rate. The validity of the proposed model and algorithm was numerically verified by simulating actual production practices. The simulation results demonstrate that the model and improved algorithm result in an effective production plan.
文摘Respecting the on-time-delivery (OTD) for manufacturing orders is mandatory. This depends, however, on the probability distribution of incoming order rate. The case of non-equal distribution, such as aggregated arrivals, may compromise the observance of on-time supplies for some orders. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the conditions of post-optimality for stochastic order rate governed production systems in order to observe OTD. Instead of a heuristic or a simulative exploration, a Cartesian-based approach is applied to developing the necessary and sufficient mathematical condition to solve the problem statement. The research result demonstrates that increasing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">speed of throughput reveals a latent capacity, which allows arrival orders </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">above capacity limits to be backlog-buffered and rescheduled for OTD, exploiting the virtual manufacturing elasticity inherent to all production systems to increase OTD reliability of non JIT-based production systems.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China Pharmaceutical University(2015PYW01)
文摘The fundamental task of well-facilitated farmland construction is to continuously lift the integrated production capacity. External project construction for well-facilitated farmland can not completely solve existing problems in improvement of intrinsic quality of farmland.Based on research findings of integrated production capacity of farmland,starting from basic elements such as water,soil,seed,fertilizer,and pesticide,this paper introduced factors influencing the integrated production capacity of well-facilitated farmland,including natural quality of farmland,supporting infrastructure,agricultural technology level and management level,and labor quality. Besides,it establish an evaluation system for integrated production capacity of well-facilitated farmland in Jiangsu Province by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP),and made an empirical study using indicator data of 2010- 2014. Results indicated that the general index of integrated production capacity of farmland in Jiangsu Province in 2010- 2014 was ascending,reflecting improvement of integrated production capacity of farmland. With the aid of radar map,it further found that the coupling between water,soil,seed,fertilizer,and pesticide and other elements play a crucial role in lifting the integrated production capacity of farmland. Finally,based on existing problems in construction of well-facilitated farmland in Jiangsu Province,it came up with some pertinent recommendations from the perspective of coordinated development of all elements.
文摘Increasingly higher hard coal production capacity in Upper Silesian Coal Basin(Poland) in the last two decades led to significant increase of methane hazard occurrence in the workings of exploitation areas.An increase of methane content in the exploited seams and in the surrounding strata, associated with increasing depth of mining, results in higher methane emission into the longwall areas from exploited seams and degassing seams in the mining-induced de-stressed zone. Operational experience gained by the collieries confirms that reducing methane release during longwall operations often requires decreasing operating speed of a shearer in a shift. The paper presents an analysis of the parameters and factors,which have critical influence on the formation of methane hazard in longwall areas with high production capacity.
基金co-funded by National Natura Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41102058 Gran No. U1262203)+4 种基金the National Science and Technology Special Grant (No. 2011ZX05006-003)Shandong Natura Science Foundation (Grant No. ZR2011DQ017)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 12CX04001A No. 13CX02035A No. 13CX02036A)
文摘Methodologies have been developed for calculating cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity(RIPC) and reservoir intervals with accumulation capacity(RIAC) according to the types of pore throat structures and dynamic force by using data from petrophysical analysis, production tests and mercury injection. The data are from clastic reservoirs in the third member(Es3) and the fourth member(Es4) of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area on the North Slope of the Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, China. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIPC is summarized as follows: 1) determination of permeability cutoffs of RIPC; 2) classification of types of pore-throat structures according to mercury injection data and then relating porosity to permeability and determining the relationship between porosity and permeability according to each type of pore-throat structure; and 3) calculating porosity cutoffs of RIPC using established correlation between porosity and permeability according to the type of pore throat structure. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIAC includes: 1) establishing a functional relationship between oil-water interfacial tension and formation temperature; 2) calculating limiting values of maximum connected pore-throat radii according to formation temperature and dynamic forces of each reservoir interval; 3) correlating permeability with maximum connected pore-throat radius and then obtaining permeability cutoffs of RIAC; and 4) calculating porosity cutoffs on the basis of permeability cutoffs according to specific correlations, suitable for the type of porethroat structure. The results of this study show that porosity and permeability cutoffs of clastic reservoirs decrease with depth. For a fixed permeability cutoff, the porosity cutoff of RIPC varies because the type of pore throat is different. At a fixed temperature, porosity and permeability cutoffs of RIAC decrease as dynamic force increases. For a fixed permeability cutoff of effective hydrocarbon accumulation, the porosity cutoff also varies with different types of pore throat.
基金Supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (No.17606005 and 16201041) a Research Grant for Allergic Disease and Immunology from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H16-Immunology-002)
文摘AIM: To determine the utility of interferon (IFN) -αproduction capacity in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for the measurement of immunosurveillance potential and for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by investigating the Sendai virus (HVJ) stimulated IFN-α production capacity of patients with HCV infection.METHODS: HVJ stimulated IFN-α production was determined in a large number of patients with HCV infection and the development of HCC was monitored for 3 years in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).RESULTS: IFN-α production capacity decreases gradually with the progression of liver disease from chronic hepatitis (CH) to HCC. A significant correlation between the duration of HCV infection and impaired IFN-α production capacity was observed. IFN-α production in patients who developed HCC within 3 years was significantly lower than that of patients who remained in LC without developing HCC.CONCLUSION: Measurement of IFN-α production in LC patients may be useful for the early detection of HCC.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program Project(2011BAD47B04)
文摘In this study,the effects of two types of premixed materials with different combinations of trace elements on the production performance and antioxidant capacity of simmental beef cattle were examined.Fifteen healthy simmental beef cattle of similar weight(approximately 330 kg),the same age(12 months),without castration,and a good physique were divided into three groups,with five beef cattle in each group.Food of Group Ⅰ beef cattle was supplemented with a commercially marketed 5% compound trace element premixture for fine beef cattle.Food of Group Ⅱ beef cattle was supplemented with a 5% compound microelement premixture for beef cattle that was designed to address local nutrient deficiencies and surpluses.In the blank control group,the beef cattle were not fed a premixture.The pretest period was 15 days,and the test period was divided into prefattening(45 days)and postfattening(45 days)stages.Body weight and body size indices were recorded at 1,2 and 3 months,and blood samples were collected regularly.In Group Ⅰ,the daily weight gain increased significantly by 15.7% compared with that of the control group.The largest daily weight gain was in Group Ⅱ,which increased by 31.6% compared with that in the control.During the test period of 90 days,the body size indices of the three different groups increased in different months,with significant increases in the indices for both test groups compared with those of the control.In Group Ⅰ,the activity of CP,the total activity of SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD increased significantly(p<0.05)compared with those in the control group,with a highly significant increase observed in GSH-PX activity(p<0.01).In Group Ⅱ,the increases in the activity of CP and the total activity of SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD were highly significant compared with those in the control group(p<0.01).In addition,a significant increase was observed in GSH-PX activity(p<0.05).Based on pretest results,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Mo,Mn,Se and Co in the blood of experimental beef cattle were lower than those of the normal range.After feeding for 90 days,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Mo,Mn,Se and Co in the blood of Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05).The concentrations of elements in the blood of Group Ⅱ were close to the appropriate levels.Thus,the effects of the specifically designed compound microelement premixture on the prevention of nutrient imbalances and control of beef cattle nutrition metabolism and the production of fattened beef cattle were significant.
文摘Based on the basic connotation of comprehensive agricultural production capacity,this article establishes the comprehensive agricultural production capacity indicator system on the basis of statistics. This indicator system consists of 5 parts ( input scale of factors,output scale of factors,output rate of factors,ability to resist disaster and ensure production,and modern operation level) and 14 specific indicators. Based on factor analysis method,we use this indicator system to conduct systematic empirical analysis of the level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity in 14 cities and prefectures of Hunan Province. The results show that although the overall level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity in Hunan Province tends to grow continuously and steadily,there are significant inter-regional differences in the level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity; in terms of the level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity,there is great room for improvement. Finally the following policy recommendations are put forward: strengthening balanced regional development and improving the overall level of comprehensive agricultural production capacity; strengthening the building of land carrying capacity; strengthening the building of agricultural ecological balance; strengthening the building of the scientific and technological support capacity.
基金support provided by National Social Science:China’s coal industry excess capacity and policy selection issues under the background of the new normal (Nos.16BJY054)。
文摘Coal production capacity regulation is a complex system involving economic growth,structural optimization,high-efficiency mining,and environmental protection.Based on its driving factors,this paper forms four regulation modes representing different control orientations,establishes a system dynamics model,and predicts the regulation effects of single-factor and combined control mode.The result shows:(1) Except for the mechanization degree and recovery rate,the other nine individual production capacity control policies are all conducive to reducing coal production capacity and restraining the excessive growth of coal production capacity.(2) The effect of combined regulation mode on slowing down the growth of coal demand,regulating the excessive growth of coal production capacity and new capacity investment are obviously better than that of single policy.(3) The combined control modes have obvious differences in the suppression effect on coal production capacity:transformational development mode > technology-driven mode > structural optimization mode > efficiency improvement mode.Therefore,in the process of achieving optimal regulation of coal production capacity,attention should be paid to the preferential use of transformational development and technology-driven mode.At the same time,the comprehensive use of regulation and control methods should also be considered to improve the regulation effect and the regulation efficiency of coal production capacity.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05064)
文摘A desorption simulation experiment with the condition of simulated strata was designed. The experiment, under different depressurizing rates and the same fluid saturation, was conducted on the sample from 3# coal of Daning coal mine in Jincheng, Shanxi Province. The gas production rate and pressure change at both ends of the sample were studied systematically, and the mechanisms of some phenomena in the experiment were discussed. The experimental results show that, whether at fast or slow depressurizing rate, the methane adsorbed to high-rank coal can effectively desorb and the desorption efficiency can reach above 90%. There is an obvious inflection point on the gas yield curve during the desorption process and it appears after the pressure on the lump of coal reduces below the desorption pressure. The desorption of methane from high-rank coal is mainly driven by differential pressure, and high pressure difference is conducive to fast desorption. In the scenario of fast depressurization, the desorption inflection appears earlier and the gas production rate in the stage of rapid desorption is higher. It is experimentally concluded that the originally recognized strategy of long-term slow CBM production is doubtful and the economic benefit of CBM exploitation from high-rank coal can be effectively improved by rapid drainage and pressure reduction. The field experiment results in pilot blocks of Fanzhuang and Zhengzhuang show that by increasing the drainage depressurization rate, the peak production of gas well would increase greatly, the time of gas well to reach the economic production shortened, the average time for a gas well to reach expected production reduced by half, and the peak gas production is higher.
文摘A oilfield was an oil reservoir with strong bottom water in offshore, the water cut was as high as 96%. In the high water cut stage, the most effective way of increasing oil production was to extract liquid and increase oil. The processing capacity of oilfield fluid was limited by the conditions. By using Petrel-RE-2017 software, combining reservoir engineering and percolation mechanics methods, this paper analyzes the effect of large-scale liquid pumping, expand coverage and shut-in coning in oil reservoirs with bottom water, and formulates the adjustment strategy of single well production structure of the whole oilfield. It was confirmed that large-scale liquid production can expand coverage and shutting down well can reduce water cut. It can provide reference and guidance for oil field with strong bottom water when it encounters bottleneck of liquid treatment capacity.
基金Supported by Social Science Fund Project of Hubei Province in 2016(2016106)
文摘The main body of household operation in the rural household contract responsibility system of our country has developed to the present stage,and has formed the situation that three kinds of rural households coexist,namely,ordinary rural households,major professional households and family farms. The agricultural production and operation of three kinds of household plays an important role in supporting the rapid development of modern agriculture in China. Under the new situation of deepening the rural reform and realizing the goal of well-off society in an all-round way,it is of great practical significance to make a thorough investigation and study on the present situation and approaches relating to the construction of the agricultural production and operation capacity for the three kinds of rural households.
基金Innovative Methods of Science and Technology of China(No.SQ2015IM3600021)Tianjin Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science,China(No.TJGL16-019)
文摘Original equipment manufacturers(OEM) have never been so important and powerful as it is today in garment manufacturing industry.The OEMsupplier's production decisions always have a great impact on the market performance and the profits of a garment brand manufacturer.With constrained capacity and multiply buyers,howto make reasonable production decisions is an urgent problem for OEMsuppliers.A price discount model with a single OEMsupplier and two buyers is proposed to deal with the problem.Based on this model,the OEMsupplier could satisfy buyers' demands and guarantee their profits as well through adjusting price and delivery frequency.A numerical example validates the validity of the model.
文摘The current situation of grain production in Huizhou City was analyzed firstly,and then the existing problems and challenges of grain safety production were pointed out,such as increases in the pressure to ensure grain safety production and the difficulty of stable development of grain production.Finally,several countermeasures and suggestions for the stable development of grain production were put forward.
文摘Through analysis of the current situation and newly-increased production capacity-of the oil refining industry of China, this Paper discusses both the continuous expansion trend and the serious excess of production capacity of the oil refining industry of China. Due to the entry of the Chinese economy into the new normal,the accelerated substitution of old energy by new energy and rigid restrictions composed of low carbon and environmental protection requirements, the oil demand of China will continue to increase overall, but the growth will obviously slow down. At the same time, the newly-increased production capacity in Shandong and coastal region will continuously expand, the supply and demand contradiction will intensify, and the structural excess production capacity of the oil refining industry of China will be prominent. It is suggested that the government should attach great importance to the production capacity of the oil refining industry at the macro level, and deeply carry forward the supply side structural reform, and that enterprises should speed up technical innovation,enhance regional and layout optimization, adapt to market changes and adjust product structure, control oil refining but increase chemical engineering, improve product quality and production efficiency, and constantly promote the international competitiveness of the Chinese petrochemical industry.
