Foreign aid is a form of international relationship between countries.Building projects are a major form of foreign aid.In the past 60 years,China has constructed over 1400 buildings in the developing world,and many o...Foreign aid is a form of international relationship between countries.Building projects are a major form of foreign aid.In the past 60 years,China has constructed over 1400 buildings in the developing world,and many of them are stadiums.This study explores how China exported its overseas-aided stadiums in the developing world and considers the importance of these buildings from an architectural perspective.Through an examination of firsthand materials,this study explains the historic vicissitude of China-aided stadium architecture,analyzes the architectural features of these buildings,and presents case studies of representative examples from each historic stage.The investigation of these buildings from three periods in the 20th and 21st centuries fills a gap in the study of Chinese architecture and modern architectural history.展开更多
The Turkish Football League has been the stage of a struggle between the secular‘Old Turkey’and neo-Ottomanist/Islamist‘New Turkey’.Despite having established an authoritarian regime and concentrated power in his ...The Turkish Football League has been the stage of a struggle between the secular‘Old Turkey’and neo-Ottomanist/Islamist‘New Turkey’.Despite having established an authoritarian regime and concentrated power in his hands,football stadiums are still places of resistance against and a source of anxiety for President Erdogan.Those who feel the need to protest against interference with their lifestyle by the governing Islamist party exhibit their reactions in stadiums with chants expressing their loyalty to Ataturk.In that respect,Erdogan has been particularly interested in establishing his hegemony in the sports sector,which would allow him to break one of the last bastions of resistance against his rule.For that purpose,Erdogan resorted to draconian measures to stifle the growing voices of protest while he embarked on the creation of a neo-Ottoman and conservative memory as well as inspiring the fascination of the masses by constructing new stadiums.However,one unexpected development was witnessed:the resurrection of Ataturk.展开更多
Due to the low utilization rate of opening-use, backward management and unreasonable configurations, university sports venue cannot produce some economic benefits, which makes the operating expenses in college stadium...Due to the low utilization rate of opening-use, backward management and unreasonable configurations, university sports venue cannot produce some economic benefits, which makes the operating expenses in college stadiums extremely tense. Even sometimes it comes to the precarious situation. Therefore, there should be an operations management reform for college sports venue. Firstly, the article analyzes the current situation of stadium operations management. Secondly, with the actual experience of the authors, this essay discussed on how to strengthen the operation and management of modem college sports venues and reform, which includes the way enhancing the training about modem operational management knowledge of college stadiums, strengthening the diversified operation of college stadiums, highlighting the ＂people-oriented＂ in college sports venue design concepts and vigorously developing the training services about stylistic aspects of youth and, etc.,展开更多
In this study, we developed a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model called Airflow Analyst that deepens the affinity between CFD and geographic information system (GIS). First, a precise simulation of the surfa...In this study, we developed a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model called Airflow Analyst that deepens the affinity between CFD and geographic information system (GIS). First, a precise simulation of the surface-mounted cube was conducted. Validation testing based on the obtained data confirmed the predictive accuracy of Airflow Analyst. Second, New National Stadium Japan (Tokyo Olympic Stadium) was accurately reproduced in a computer, capturing the latest detailed urban area data for the base. For the target of the constructed 3D models, simulations with a large number of grid points/cells (CFD) were conducted. These simulations reproduced the complex turbulent flow fields both inside and outside the stadium. The experiment successfully reproduced the CFD simulation using a large number of grid points/cells, where the conditions of the wind flow ventilation from the sky were similar to those of the intended stadium design.展开更多
Based on the installation of the roof membrane of Lusail Stadium which is the main stadium of Qatar World Cup in 2022, a series of key technical challenges in the design and construction of the roof PTFE membrane of l...Based on the installation of the roof membrane of Lusail Stadium which is the main stadium of Qatar World Cup in 2022, a series of key technical challenges in the design and construction of the roof PTFE membrane of large stadiums are studied. Based on the analysis of the roof cable net system, the study formulated the overall sequence of membrane installation, and defined the construction method of membrane lifting and unfolding. Focusing on membrane fixing techniques with the tension rings, compression rings, and horizontal cable nodes, it also optimized membrane connection methods with arch and horizontal cable, and provided waterproof construction methods. According to the findings, the construction of stadium roof membranes should follow a logical sequence. The membranes’ fixing, connection and waterproof construction will have an important impact on the final quality.展开更多
Estimation of the mechanical properties of concrete in an existing structure is possible with the results of surface hardness and ultrasound tests (nondestructive tests (NDTs)). For both the use of correlation curves ...Estimation of the mechanical properties of concrete in an existing structure is possible with the results of surface hardness and ultrasound tests (nondestructive tests (NDTs)). For both the use of correlation curves is necessary, it is established between NDT and the results of the compressive strength of test specimens or extracted from structure. The objective of this study is to produce correlations between the results of surface hardness and ultrasound NDTs and the compressive strength of the structural concrete in the bleachers of a soccer stadium in the city of Cianorte, which is located in the northwest part of the state of Paraná, Brazil. This concrete structure, which is approximately 26 years old, has some defects, such as corrosion, concrete segregation and cracks. Concrete spalling in one of the slabs has recently raised some concern. Another significant issue is the absence of records regarding concreting of the bleachers’ structure. Therefore, mapping the reinforcement was initially performed according to the results of a surface hardness test, as recommended by standard [1]. An ultrasound test was simultaneously performed according to standard [2] for the same points employed in the surface hardness test. The concrete specimens were extracted according to the recommendations of standard [1] to determine compressive strength, perform the NDT and construct the correlation curves for the results. A total of 26 concrete specimens were obtained from all structures of the bleachers. From the methodology and the results of the study, highly reliable equations were obtained from the correlation curves among the compressive strength of the concrete specimens and the values of the surface hardness index and the ultrasound wave propagation velocity.展开更多
China National Stadium,also known as "Bird's Nest",is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008,which has successfully held not only the Opening and the Closing ceremonies but also th...China National Stadium,also known as "Bird's Nest",is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008,which has successfully held not only the Opening and the Closing ceremonies but also the track and field events.A new problem of rain preventing is brought out to improve the utilization of the Bird's Nest after the Olympic Games.The scheme of installing an air inflated membrane at the opening of the steel structure is proposed in this paper to solve the rainproof problem of the Bird's Nest.The form-finding and mechanical analyses of the air inflated membrane are carried out.Comparison between the mechanical performance and dynamical character before and after installing the air inflated membrane structure is given.To verify the analysis results,based on the practical structure of the Bird's Nest,a test of a 1:20 model membrane is worked out.展开更多
This paper investigates how the dimensions and arrangements of stadium silicon nanowires(NWs)affect their absorption properties.Compared to other NWs,the structure proposed here has a simple geometry,while its absorpt...This paper investigates how the dimensions and arrangements of stadium silicon nanowires(NWs)affect their absorption properties.Compared to other NWs,the structure proposed here has a simple geometry,while its absorption rate is compa-rable to that of very complex structures.It is shown that changing the cross-section of NW from circular(or rectangular)to a stadium shape leads to change in the position and the number of absorption modes of the NW.In a special case,these modes result in the maximum absorption inside NWs.Another method used in this paper to attain broadband absorption is utiliza-tion of multiple NWs which have different geometries.However,the maximum enhancement is achieved using non-close packed NW.These structures can support more cavity modes,while NW scattering leads to broadening of the absorption spectra.All the structures are optimized using particle swarm optimizations.Using these optimized structures,it is viable to enhance the absorption by solar cells without introducing more absorbent materials.展开更多
To help diplomats from Latin American and Caribbean countries deepen their understanding of Beijing and to enhance communication,the Beijing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries organized a get-...To help diplomats from Latin American and Caribbean countries deepen their understanding of Beijing and to enhance communication,the Beijing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries organized a get-together—Spring Blossom and Autumn Harvest — on June 29.展开更多
On March 24,the Beijing NGO Association for International Exchanges,and the World Wide Fund for Nature held the Earth Hour 2018 lights-out campaign at National Stadium(Birds Nest)in Beijing.More than 260 people attend...On March 24,the Beijing NGO Association for International Exchanges,and the World Wide Fund for Nature held the Earth Hour 2018 lights-out campaign at National Stadium(Birds Nest)in Beijing.More than 260 people attended the countdown ceremony,including Gao Shuangjin,vice-president of the association;leaders from supporting governmental units,such as the foreign affairs展开更多
基金the City University of Hong Kong under Project Nos.7004966 and 7005135the National Natural Science Foundation of China under No.51878584.
文摘Foreign aid is a form of international relationship between countries.Building projects are a major form of foreign aid.In the past 60 years,China has constructed over 1400 buildings in the developing world,and many of them are stadiums.This study explores how China exported its overseas-aided stadiums in the developing world and considers the importance of these buildings from an architectural perspective.Through an examination of firsthand materials,this study explains the historic vicissitude of China-aided stadium architecture,analyzes the architectural features of these buildings,and presents case studies of representative examples from each historic stage.The investigation of these buildings from three periods in the 20th and 21st centuries fills a gap in the study of Chinese architecture and modern architectural history.
文摘The Turkish Football League has been the stage of a struggle between the secular‘Old Turkey’and neo-Ottomanist/Islamist‘New Turkey’.Despite having established an authoritarian regime and concentrated power in his hands,football stadiums are still places of resistance against and a source of anxiety for President Erdogan.Those who feel the need to protest against interference with their lifestyle by the governing Islamist party exhibit their reactions in stadiums with chants expressing their loyalty to Ataturk.In that respect,Erdogan has been particularly interested in establishing his hegemony in the sports sector,which would allow him to break one of the last bastions of resistance against his rule.For that purpose,Erdogan resorted to draconian measures to stifle the growing voices of protest while he embarked on the creation of a neo-Ottoman and conservative memory as well as inspiring the fascination of the masses by constructing new stadiums.However,one unexpected development was witnessed:the resurrection of Ataturk.
文摘Due to the low utilization rate of opening-use, backward management and unreasonable configurations, university sports venue cannot produce some economic benefits, which makes the operating expenses in college stadiums extremely tense. Even sometimes it comes to the precarious situation. Therefore, there should be an operations management reform for college sports venue. Firstly, the article analyzes the current situation of stadium operations management. Secondly, with the actual experience of the authors, this essay discussed on how to strengthen the operation and management of modem college sports venues and reform, which includes the way enhancing the training about modem operational management knowledge of college stadiums, strengthening the diversified operation of college stadiums, highlighting the ＂people-oriented＂ in college sports venue design concepts and vigorously developing the training services about stylistic aspects of youth and, etc.,
文摘In this study, we developed a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model called Airflow Analyst that deepens the affinity between CFD and geographic information system (GIS). First, a precise simulation of the surface-mounted cube was conducted. Validation testing based on the obtained data confirmed the predictive accuracy of Airflow Analyst. Second, New National Stadium Japan (Tokyo Olympic Stadium) was accurately reproduced in a computer, capturing the latest detailed urban area data for the base. For the target of the constructed 3D models, simulations with a large number of grid points/cells (CFD) were conducted. These simulations reproduced the complex turbulent flow fields both inside and outside the stadium. The experiment successfully reproduced the CFD simulation using a large number of grid points/cells, where the conditions of the wind flow ventilation from the sky were similar to those of the intended stadium design.
文摘Based on the installation of the roof membrane of Lusail Stadium which is the main stadium of Qatar World Cup in 2022, a series of key technical challenges in the design and construction of the roof PTFE membrane of large stadiums are studied. Based on the analysis of the roof cable net system, the study formulated the overall sequence of membrane installation, and defined the construction method of membrane lifting and unfolding. Focusing on membrane fixing techniques with the tension rings, compression rings, and horizontal cable nodes, it also optimized membrane connection methods with arch and horizontal cable, and provided waterproof construction methods. According to the findings, the construction of stadium roof membranes should follow a logical sequence. The membranes’ fixing, connection and waterproof construction will have an important impact on the final quality.
文摘Estimation of the mechanical properties of concrete in an existing structure is possible with the results of surface hardness and ultrasound tests (nondestructive tests (NDTs)). For both the use of correlation curves is necessary, it is established between NDT and the results of the compressive strength of test specimens or extracted from structure. The objective of this study is to produce correlations between the results of surface hardness and ultrasound NDTs and the compressive strength of the structural concrete in the bleachers of a soccer stadium in the city of Cianorte, which is located in the northwest part of the state of Paraná, Brazil. This concrete structure, which is approximately 26 years old, has some defects, such as corrosion, concrete segregation and cracks. Concrete spalling in one of the slabs has recently raised some concern. Another significant issue is the absence of records regarding concreting of the bleachers’ structure. Therefore, mapping the reinforcement was initially performed according to the results of a surface hardness test, as recommended by standard [1]. An ultrasound test was simultaneously performed according to standard [2] for the same points employed in the surface hardness test. The concrete specimens were extracted according to the recommendations of standard [1] to determine compressive strength, perform the NDT and construct the correlation curves for the results. A total of 26 concrete specimens were obtained from all structures of the bleachers. From the methodology and the results of the study, highly reliable equations were obtained from the correlation curves among the compressive strength of the concrete specimens and the values of the surface hardness index and the ultrasound wave propagation velocity.
文摘China National Stadium,also known as "Bird's Nest",is the main stadium of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008,which has successfully held not only the Opening and the Closing ceremonies but also the track and field events.A new problem of rain preventing is brought out to improve the utilization of the Bird's Nest after the Olympic Games.The scheme of installing an air inflated membrane at the opening of the steel structure is proposed in this paper to solve the rainproof problem of the Bird's Nest.The form-finding and mechanical analyses of the air inflated membrane are carried out.Comparison between the mechanical performance and dynamical character before and after installing the air inflated membrane structure is given.To verify the analysis results,based on the practical structure of the Bird's Nest,a test of a 1:20 model membrane is worked out.
文摘This paper investigates how the dimensions and arrangements of stadium silicon nanowires(NWs)affect their absorption properties.Compared to other NWs,the structure proposed here has a simple geometry,while its absorption rate is compa-rable to that of very complex structures.It is shown that changing the cross-section of NW from circular(or rectangular)to a stadium shape leads to change in the position and the number of absorption modes of the NW.In a special case,these modes result in the maximum absorption inside NWs.Another method used in this paper to attain broadband absorption is utiliza-tion of multiple NWs which have different geometries.However,the maximum enhancement is achieved using non-close packed NW.These structures can support more cavity modes,while NW scattering leads to broadening of the absorption spectra.All the structures are optimized using particle swarm optimizations.Using these optimized structures,it is viable to enhance the absorption by solar cells without introducing more absorbent materials.
文摘To help diplomats from Latin American and Caribbean countries deepen their understanding of Beijing and to enhance communication,the Beijing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries organized a get-together—Spring Blossom and Autumn Harvest — on June 29.
文摘On March 24,the Beijing NGO Association for International Exchanges,and the World Wide Fund for Nature held the Earth Hour 2018 lights-out campaign at National Stadium(Birds Nest)in Beijing.More than 260 people attended the countdown ceremony,including Gao Shuangjin,vice-president of the association;leaders from supporting governmental units,such as the foreign affairs
