Currently, the estimated value of the effective reproduction number (ERN), which is an index for grasping the COVID-19 infection status, is used for important planning and evaluation of infection prevention measures. ...Currently, the estimated value of the effective reproduction number (ERN), which is an index for grasping the COVID-19 infection status, is used for important planning and evaluation of infection prevention measures. Since ERN in the Sequential SIR model fluctuates in multiple dimensions due to changes in the surrounding environment, it is difficult to set the appropriate accuracy of the uncertainty region of the estimated data. The challenge in this study is to build a mathematical model of infectious disease according to the characteristics and data characteristics of the infectious disease and select an appropriate estimation method. Highly accurate quantitative research that analyzes the validity of “how infectious diseases prevail” from an academic point of view is the key to prediction and estimation in appropriate infection situation analysis. In this study, we adopted a statistical multivariate analysis method (T method) that enables evaluation and prediction of important factors related to ERN estimation and analysis of phenomena that change in real time (time series analysis). It was clarified that it is possible to estimate with higher accuracy by applying the T method to the estimated value of ERN by the current SIR mathematical model.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to understand the overall level of key competencies of medical students and explore the potential profile of key competencies, promoting quality education, and improving the quality talen...The purpose of this study was to understand the overall level of key competencies of medical students and explore the potential profile of key competencies, promoting quality education, and improving the quality talent cultivation in medical colleges. A stratified random sampling method selected 734 medical students from four medical colleges in Chongqing Province of China. A general information questionnaire and a key competencies survey questionnaire were used to conduct the survey. The overall score and scores of each dimension of key competencies were analyzed. Latent profile analysis was conducted to classify the key competencies of medical students and compare the distribution differences of demographic variables among different categories. The results showed that 26% of medical students have never heard of the concept of key competencies, and 59% of them are not familiar with the content related to key competencies. The score of key competencies is 3.66 ± 0.60, with the highest score in the dimension of responsibility and the lowest score in the dimension of humanistic accomplishment. The latent profile analysis classified them into three categories: “low key competencies group (14.71%)”, “medium key competencies group (36.79%)”, and “high key competencies group (48.50%)”. The R3STEP regression analysis results showed statistically significant differences in educational level and whether they served as student cadres among different key competencies categories of medical students. This paper discusses three different potential key competencies categories among medical students, and the overall level of key competencies is relatively good. However, medical students lack a comprehensive and systematic understanding of key competencies. Humanistic accomplishment, healthy living, and practical innovation are the three dimensions with lower scores and should be given more attention. Medical colleges should integrate the concept of key competencies into teaching and implement it in medical practice to cultivate more high-quality medical talents for society.展开更多
To figure out the disease occurrence of landscape plants in the main urban area of Lu'an City,the author investigated the disease occurrence of landscape plants in park green space,residential green space,unit att...To figure out the disease occurrence of landscape plants in the main urban area of Lu'an City,the author investigated the disease occurrence of landscape plants in park green space,residential green space,unit attached green space and main road in the area under administration.The survey results showed that there were 29 species of urban landscape plant diseases,mainly powdery mildew and spot diseases.According to the characteristics of the diseases,the causes and problems of the diseases were analyzed,and the corresponding prevention and control measures were put forward.展开更多
Prior exposure to microbial-associated molecular patterns or specific chemical compounds can promote plants into a primed state with stronger defence responses.β-aminobutyric acid(BABA)is an endogenous stress metabol...Prior exposure to microbial-associated molecular patterns or specific chemical compounds can promote plants into a primed state with stronger defence responses.β-aminobutyric acid(BABA)is an endogenous stress metabolite that induces resistance protecting various plants towards diverse stresses.In this study,by integrating BABA-induced changes in selected metabolites with transcriptome and proteome data,we generated a global map of the molecular processes operating in BABA-induced resistance(BABA-IR)in tomato.BABA significantly restricts the growth of the pathogens Oidium neolycopersici and Phytophthora parasitica but not Botrytis cinerea.A cluster analysis of the upregulated processes showed that BABA acts mainly as a stress factor in tomato.The main factor distinguishing BABA-IR from other stress conditions was the extensive induction of signaling and perception machinery playing a key role in effective resistance against pathogens.Interestingly,the signalling processes and immune response activated during BABA-IR in tomato differed from those in Arabidopsis with substantial enrichment of genes associated with jasmonic acid(JA)and ethylene(ET)signalling and no change in Asp levels.Our results revealed key differences between the effect of BABA on tomato and other model plants studied until now.Surprisingly,salicylic acid(SA)is not involved in BABA downstream signalization whereas ET and JA play a crucial role.展开更多
In this paper,the artificial lake on the campus of Tibet University was taken as the research object.By detecting the water quality of the lake,the standard index method and comprehensive pollution index method were u...In this paper,the artificial lake on the campus of Tibet University was taken as the research object.By detecting the water quality of the lake,the standard index method and comprehensive pollution index method were used to understand the water quality characteristics,pollution status,and main pollutants of the Siyuan Lake.On this basis,the comprehensive nutritional status index method was used to evaluate the eutrophication status of the Siyuan Lake.The results showed that the overall water quality of the artificial lake was good,showing as still clean,with TN and TP being the main pollution factors of the artificial lake.The main nutritional indicators were TN,TP,and transparency,with a comprehensive nutritional level of middle eutropher.Based on the environmental characteristics of the artificial lake area on the campus of Tibet University,reasonable treatment measures have been proposed.It hoped to prevent and improve the water environment through these measures,and provide reference for the protection and restoration of campus landscape water body.展开更多
Under the vision of development for the new era,China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development and an important window period in which we have the conditions and ability to address the prominent issue ...Under the vision of development for the new era,China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development and an important window period in which we have the conditions and ability to address the prominent issue of economic development and ecological protection in a coordinated way.However,all kinds of environmental benchmark values in China are lacking and need to be constantly supplemented and improved.Therefore,exploring and putting forward a simple and efficient method for the transformation of environmental criteria into environmental standards is an important basis for the rapid establishment of relevant environmental criteria system and the effective promotion of the development of environmental standards system towards a scientific and reasonable direction.In this paper,the water environment is taken as the research object.By analyzing the research progress of environmental criteria and standards at home and abroad,and the foreign method of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards,combined with the problems faced in the process of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards in China,an effective method to transform China's environmental criteria into environmental standards is analyzed.After analysis and comparison,it is found that the pollution reduction accounting method could achieve their simple and efficient conversion.Under the premise of obtaining environmental criteria for certain pollutants,environmental criteria for certain pollutants could be obtained by distributing pollutants reduction costs,and accounting economic benefits after reaching standard,thus obtaining the environmental standard of this type of pollutant,which provides reference to determine the environmental standard limits of such pollutants.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the psychological health status and influencing factors of the public during the epidemic of Covid-19 in Yichang,Hubei,and provide evidence for future psychological intervention.Methods:This s...Objective:To investigate the psychological health status and influencing factors of the public during the epidemic of Covid-19 in Yichang,Hubei,and provide evidence for future psychological intervention.Methods:This study used snowball sampling,SCL-90 scale,and SSRS to conduct a questionnaire survey of 563 residents.Results:The state of public mental health during the closure of Covid-19 was worse than the national norm.Gender,age,and culture have an impact on mental health.There was a significant correlation between social support and the level of mental health.The effects of various variables on the public mental state from big to small:objective support,gender,occupation.Conclusion:The psychological problems of the public during the closure of the city of Covid-19 deserve attention.According to different influencing factors,corresponding measures should be implemented to improve the public’s psychological endurance and respond to public health emergencies with a healthy mentality.展开更多
The learning status of learners directly affects the quality of learning.Compared with offline teachers,it is difficult for online teachers to capture the learning status of students in the whole class,and it is even ...The learning status of learners directly affects the quality of learning.Compared with offline teachers,it is difficult for online teachers to capture the learning status of students in the whole class,and it is even more difficult to continue to pay attention to studentswhile teaching.Therefore,this paper proposes an online learning state analysis model based on a convolutional neural network and multi-dimensional information fusion.Specifically,a facial expression recognition model and an eye state recognition model are constructed to detect students’emotions and fatigue,respectively.By integrating the detected data with the homework test score data after online learning,an analysis model of students’online learning status is constructed.According to the PAD model,the learning state is expressed as three dimensions of students’understanding,engagement and interest,and then analyzed from multiple perspectives.Finally,the proposed model is applied to actual teaching,and procedural analysis of 5 different types of online classroom learners is carried out,and the validity of the model is verified by comparing with the results of the manual analysis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal surgery is a complicated process used to treat many gastrointestinal diseases,and it is associated with a large trauma:Most patients often have different degrees of malnutrition and immune ...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal surgery is a complicated process used to treat many gastrointestinal diseases,and it is associated with a large trauma:Most patients often have different degrees of malnutrition and immune dysfunction before surgery and are prone to various infectious complications during postoperative recovery,thus affecting the efficacy of surgical treatment.Therefore,early postoperative nutritional support can provide essential nutritional supply,restore the intestinal barrier and reduce complication occurrence.However,different studies have shown different conclusions.AIM To assess whether early postoperative nutritional support can improve the nutritional status of patients based on literature search and meta-analysis.METHODS Articles comparing the effect of early nutritional support and delayed nutritional support were retrieved from PubMed,EMBASE,Springer Link,Ovid,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Biology Medicine databases.Notably,only randomized controlled trial articles were retrieved from the databases(from establishment date to October 2022).The risk of bias of the included articles was determined using Cochrane Risk of Bias V2.0.The outcome indicators,such as albumin,prealbumin,and total protein,after statistical intervention were combined.RESULTS Fourteen literatures with 2145 adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery(1138 patients(53.1%)receiving early postoperative nutritional support and 1007 patients(46.9%)receiving traditional nutritional support or delayed nutritional support)were included in this study.Seven of the 14 studies assessed early enteral nutrition while the other seven studies assessed early oral feeding.Furthermore,six literatures had"some risk of bias,"and eight literatures had"low risk".The overall quality of the included studies was good.Meta-analysis showed that patients receiving early nutritional support had slightly higher serum albumin levels,than patients receiving delayed nutritional support[MD(mean difference)=3.51,95%CI:-0.05 to 7.07,Z=1.93,P=0.05].Also,patients receiving early nutritional support had shorter hospital stay(MD=-2.29,95%CI:-2.89 to-1.69),Z=-7.46,P<0.0001)shorter first defecation time(MD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.37 to-0.64),Z=-5.42,P<0.0001),and fewer complications(Odd ratio=0.61,95%CI:0.50 to 0.76,Z=-4.52,P<0.0001)than patients receiving delayed nutritional support.CONCLUSION Early enteral nutritional support can slightly shorten the defecation time and overall hospital stay,reduce complication incidence,and accelerate the rehabilitation process of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND The development of cancer is thought to involve the dynamic crosstalk between the tumor cells and the microenvironment they inhabit.Such crosstalk is thought to involve mechanotransduction,a process whereby...BACKGROUND The development of cancer is thought to involve the dynamic crosstalk between the tumor cells and the microenvironment they inhabit.Such crosstalk is thought to involve mechanotransduction,a process whereby the cells sense mechanical cues such as stiffness,and translate these into biochemical signals,which have an impact on the subsequent cellular activities.Bibliometric analysis is a statistical method that involves investigating different aspects(including authors’names and affiliations,article keywords,journals and citations)of large volumes of literature.Despite an increase in mechanotransduction-related research in recent years,there are currently no bibliometric studies that describe the global status and trends of mechanotransduction-related research in the cancer field.AIM To investigate the global research status and trends of mechanotransduction in cancer from a bibliometric viewpoint.METHODS Literature on mechanotransduction in cancer published from January 1,1900 to December 31,2022 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Excel and GraphPad software carried out the statistical analysis of the relevant author,journal,organization,and country information.The co-authorship,keyword cooccurrence,and keyword burst analysis were visualized with VOSviewer and CiteSpace.RESULTS Of 597 publications from 745 institutions in 45 countries were published in 268 journals with 35510 citation times.With 270 articles,the United States is a well-established global leader in this field,and the University of California system,the most productive(n=36)and influential institution(n=4705 citations),is the most highly active in collaborating with other organizations.Cancers was the most frequent publisher with the highest H-index.The most productive researcher was Valerie M.Weaver,with 10 publications.The combined analysis of concurrent and burst keywords revealed that the future research hotspots of mechanotransduction in cancer were related to the plasma membrane,autophagy,piezo1/2,heterogeneity,cancer diagnosis,and post-transcriptional modifications.CONCLUSION Mechanotransduction-related cancer research remains a hot topic.The United States is in the leading position of global research on mechano-oncology after almost 30 years of investigations.Research group cooperations exist but remain largely domestic,lacking cross-national communications.The next big topic in this field is to explore how the plasma membrane and its localized mechanosensor can transduce mechanical force through post-transcriptional modifications and thereby participate in cellular activity regulations and cancer development.展开更多
Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to solve.Emerging isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this problem.In this paper,a thre...Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to solve.Emerging isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this problem.In this paper,a threedimensional body parametric gear model of IGA is established,and a theoretical formula is derived to realize single-tooth contact analysis.Results were benchmarked against those obtained from commercial software utilizing the finite element analysis(FEA)method to validate the accuracy of our approach.Our findings indicate that the IGA-based contact algorithmsuccessfullymet theHertz contact test.When juxtaposed with the FEA approach,the IGAmethod demonstrated fewer node degrees of freedomand reduced computational units,all whilemaintaining comparable accuracy.Notably,the IGA method appeared to exhibit consistency in analysis accuracy irrespective of computational unit density,and also significantlymitigated non-physical oscillations in contact stress across the tooth width.This underscores the prowess of IGA in contact analysis.In conclusion,IGA emerges as a potent tool for addressing contact analysis challenges and holds significant promise for 3D gear modeling,simulation,and optimization of various mechanical components.展开更多
Metal-ion batteries(MIBs),including alkali metal-ion(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(3)),multi-valent metal-ion(Zn^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Al^(3+)),metal-air,and metal-sulfur batteries,play an indispensable role in electrochemical ener...Metal-ion batteries(MIBs),including alkali metal-ion(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(3)),multi-valent metal-ion(Zn^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Al^(3+)),metal-air,and metal-sulfur batteries,play an indispensable role in electrochemical energy storage.However,the performance of MIBs is significantly influenced by numerous variables,resulting in multi-dimensional and long-term challenges in the field of battery research and performance enhancement.Machine learning(ML),with its capability to solve intricate tasks and perform robust data processing,is now catalyzing a revolutionary transformation in the development of MIB materials and devices.In this review,we summarize the utilization of ML algorithms that have expedited research on MIBs over the past five years.We present an extensive overview of existing algorithms,elucidating their details,advantages,and limitations in various applications,which encompass electrode screening,material property prediction,electrolyte formulation design,electrode material characterization,manufacturing parameter optimization,and real-time battery status monitoring.Finally,we propose potential solutions and future directions for the application of ML in advancing MIB development.展开更多
The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Max...The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Maxwell force and Lorentz force)acting on the COOL blanket,which are important mechanical loads in further structural analysis of the COOL blanket.A 3D electromagnetic analysis is performed using the ANSYS finite element method to obtain EM loads on the COOL blanket in this study.At first,the magnetic scalar potential(MSP)method is used to obtain the magnetic field and the Maxwell force on the COOL blanket.Then,the magnetic vector potential(MVP)method is performed during a plasma disruption event to get the eddy current distribution.At last,a multi-step method is adopted for the calculation of the Lorentz force and the torque.The maximum Lorentz forces of inboard and outboard blanket structural components are 5624 kN and 2360 kN respectively.展开更多
This study determined the nutritional status of households in North western region of Cameroon using weighed food intake. Twenty–two rural and 106 urban households were randomly selected for weighed food intake Descr...This study determined the nutritional status of households in North western region of Cameroon using weighed food intake. Twenty–two rural and 106 urban households were randomly selected for weighed food intake Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze collected data and significance at p < 0.05 accepted. Corn fufu with huckleberry was the most frequently consumed meal with little or no animal-source protein. Protein and B group vitamins intake of respondents in both communities were below the FAO/WHO recommended values while energy, iron, and vitamins A and C were in excess for most age groups. Adolescents 10 - 19 years and adults 20 years and above failed to meet at least 85% of RNI for calcium.展开更多
DNA methylation has been extensively investigated in recent years,not least because of its known relationship with various diseases.Progress in analytical methods can greatly increase the relevance of DNA methylation ...DNA methylation has been extensively investigated in recent years,not least because of its known relationship with various diseases.Progress in analytical methods can greatly increase the relevance of DNA methylation studies to both clinical medicine and scientific research.Microflu-idic chips are excellent carriers for molecular analysis,and their use can provide improvements from multiple aspects.On-chip molecular analysis has received extensive attention owing to its advantages of portability,high throughput,low cost,and high efficiency.In recent years,the use of novel microfluidic chips for DNA methylation analysis has been widely reported and has shown obvious superiority to conventional methods.In this review,wefirst focus on DNA methylation and its applications.Then,we discuss advanced microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis and describe the great progress that has been made in recent years.Finally,we summarize the advantages that microfluidic technology brings to DNA methylation analysis and describe several challenges and perspectives for on-chip DNA methylation analysis.This review should help researchers improve their understanding and make progress in developing microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis.展开更多
Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national diplomacy.Although much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on cou...Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national diplomacy.Although much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on country comparisons or institutional en-vironment.In today’s networked era in which the global economy,trade,personnel,and information are closely connected,studies on China’s global position and its status changes and influencing factors in multiple contact networks are still insufficient.In this study,from the perspective of diverse global contact networks,we constructed economic,cultural,and political influence indices to explore the changes and influencing factors on China’s status in the global system from 2005 to 2018.The results show that during the study period,China’s global influence in the fields of economic ties,cultural exchanges,and political contacts increased significantly,but its influ-ence in the fields of cultural exchanges and political contacts lagged far economic ties.The pattern of China’s economic influence on various economies around the world has shown a transformation from an‘upright pyramid’to an‘inverted pyramid’structure.The proportion of these economies in low-influence zones has decreased from more than 60%in 2005 to less than 20%in 2018.China’s cultural and political influence on various economies around the world has increased significantly;however,for the former,the percentage of high-influence areas is still less than 20%,whereas for the latter the percentage of these economies in medium-and high-influence areas is still less than 50%.Analyses such as a scatter plot matrix show that geographical proximity,economic globalization,close cooperation with developing countries,and a proactive and peaceful foreign policy are important factors in improving China’s status in the diverse global network system.展开更多
Lily(Lilium spp.) is an important ornamental flower, which is mainly propagated by bulbs. Cell wall invertases(CWINs), which catalyze the irreversibly conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose in the extracellul...Lily(Lilium spp.) is an important ornamental flower, which is mainly propagated by bulbs. Cell wall invertases(CWINs), which catalyze the irreversibly conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose in the extracellular space, are key enzymes participating in sucrose allocation in higher plants. Previous studies have shown that CWINs play an essential role in bulblet initiation process in bulbous crops, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, a CWIN gene of Lilium brownii var. giganteum(Lbg) was identified and amplified from genomic DNA. Quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that the expression level of LbgCWIN1 was highly upregulated exactly when the endogenous starch degraded in non-sucrose medium during in vitro bulblet initiation in Lbg. Phylogenetic relationship, motif, and domain analysis of LbgCWIN1 protein and CWINs in other plant species showed that all sequences of these CWIN proteins were highly conserved. The promoter sequence of LbgCWIN1 possessed a number of alpha-amylase-, phytohormone-, light-and stress-responsive cis-elements. Meanwhile, β-glucuronidase(GUS) assay showed that the 459 bp upstream fragment from the translational start site displayed maximal promoter activity. These results revealed that LbgCWIN1 might function in the process of in vitro bulblet initiation and be in the response to degradation of endogenous starch.展开更多
The China free trade zone,crucial for advancing a new open economy,has gained significant attention lately.We analyzed 885 papers from Peking University Core and CSSCI journals(2012-2023)using CiteSpace for visualizat...The China free trade zone,crucial for advancing a new open economy,has gained significant attention lately.We analyzed 885 papers from Peking University Core and CSSCI journals(2012-2023)using CiteSpace for visualization.Our research results indicate that the literature on China’s free trade zone peaked with 171 articles in 2015,and gradually returned to an average of 45 articles per year.The main research focuses in this field include“institutional innovation”,“negative list”,“financial innovation”,“financial openness”,“opening up to the outside world”,and“economic growth”.In addition,cutting-edge analysis indicates that“dual circulation”and“blockchain”are future research trends.The main authors of the literature include Yang Bin,Zhu Xiaolin,Yuan Bo,Li Meng,Zhao Liang,and others.Their affiliated institutions,research institutes,and universities have not yet formed a clear core circle of authors;The top three research institutions with the highest number of publications are the International Trade and Economic Cooperation Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce,Kaiyuan Law School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and the Comprehensive Research Institute of the Free Trade Zone of Sun Yatsen University.This article delves into the current hot topics and progress in the research of China’s free trade zones,providing important references and inspirations for future scholars in this field.展开更多
The literary review presented in the following paper aims to analyze the tracking tools used in different countries during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tracking apps that have been adopted in many countries to...The literary review presented in the following paper aims to analyze the tracking tools used in different countries during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tracking apps that have been adopted in many countries to collect data in a homogeneous and immediate way have made up for the difficulty of collecting data and standardizing evaluation criteria. However, the regulation on the protection of personal data in the health sector and the adoption of the new General Data Protection Regulation in European countries has placed a strong limitation on their use. This has not been the case in non-European countries, where monitoring methodologies have become widespread. The textual analysis presented is based on co-occurrence and multiple correspondence analysis to show the contact tracing methods adopted in different countries in the pandemic period by relating them to the issue of privacy. It also analyzed the possibility of applying Blockchain technology in applications for tracking contagions from COVID-19 and managing health data to provide a high level of security and transparency, including through anonymization, thus increasing user trust in using the apps.展开更多
文摘Currently, the estimated value of the effective reproduction number (ERN), which is an index for grasping the COVID-19 infection status, is used for important planning and evaluation of infection prevention measures. Since ERN in the Sequential SIR model fluctuates in multiple dimensions due to changes in the surrounding environment, it is difficult to set the appropriate accuracy of the uncertainty region of the estimated data. The challenge in this study is to build a mathematical model of infectious disease according to the characteristics and data characteristics of the infectious disease and select an appropriate estimation method. Highly accurate quantitative research that analyzes the validity of “how infectious diseases prevail” from an academic point of view is the key to prediction and estimation in appropriate infection situation analysis. In this study, we adopted a statistical multivariate analysis method (T method) that enables evaluation and prediction of important factors related to ERN estimation and analysis of phenomena that change in real time (time series analysis). It was clarified that it is possible to estimate with higher accuracy by applying the T method to the estimated value of ERN by the current SIR mathematical model.
文摘The purpose of this study was to understand the overall level of key competencies of medical students and explore the potential profile of key competencies, promoting quality education, and improving the quality talent cultivation in medical colleges. A stratified random sampling method selected 734 medical students from four medical colleges in Chongqing Province of China. A general information questionnaire and a key competencies survey questionnaire were used to conduct the survey. The overall score and scores of each dimension of key competencies were analyzed. Latent profile analysis was conducted to classify the key competencies of medical students and compare the distribution differences of demographic variables among different categories. The results showed that 26% of medical students have never heard of the concept of key competencies, and 59% of them are not familiar with the content related to key competencies. The score of key competencies is 3.66 ± 0.60, with the highest score in the dimension of responsibility and the lowest score in the dimension of humanistic accomplishment. The latent profile analysis classified them into three categories: “low key competencies group (14.71%)”, “medium key competencies group (36.79%)”, and “high key competencies group (48.50%)”. The R3STEP regression analysis results showed statistically significant differences in educational level and whether they served as student cadres among different key competencies categories of medical students. This paper discusses three different potential key competencies categories among medical students, and the overall level of key competencies is relatively good. However, medical students lack a comprehensive and systematic understanding of key competencies. Humanistic accomplishment, healthy living, and practical innovation are the three dimensions with lower scores and should be given more attention. Medical colleges should integrate the concept of key competencies into teaching and implement it in medical practice to cultivate more high-quality medical talents for society.
基金Supported by Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085QC135)Postdoctoral Workstation Project of West Anhui University(WXBSH2020003)+4 种基金Key Program of Natural Science Research Project for Anhui Universities(KJ2021A0954)Forestry Carbon Sequestration Self-funded Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province(LJH[2022]267)Subject of Lu'an Forestry Bureau(0045021093)School-level Quality Engineering Project of West Anhui University(wxxy2021017)Provincial Quality Engineering Project of West Anhui University(2022jyxm1765).
文摘To figure out the disease occurrence of landscape plants in the main urban area of Lu'an City,the author investigated the disease occurrence of landscape plants in park green space,residential green space,unit attached green space and main road in the area under administration.The survey results showed that there were 29 species of urban landscape plant diseases,mainly powdery mildew and spot diseases.According to the characteristics of the diseases,the causes and problems of the diseases were analyzed,and the corresponding prevention and control measures were put forward.
基金This project was supported by the National Infrastructure France Genomique(Commissariat aux Grands Investissements,ANR-10-INBS-09-03,ANR-10-INBS-09-02).
文摘Prior exposure to microbial-associated molecular patterns or specific chemical compounds can promote plants into a primed state with stronger defence responses.β-aminobutyric acid(BABA)is an endogenous stress metabolite that induces resistance protecting various plants towards diverse stresses.In this study,by integrating BABA-induced changes in selected metabolites with transcriptome and proteome data,we generated a global map of the molecular processes operating in BABA-induced resistance(BABA-IR)in tomato.BABA significantly restricts the growth of the pathogens Oidium neolycopersici and Phytophthora parasitica but not Botrytis cinerea.A cluster analysis of the upregulated processes showed that BABA acts mainly as a stress factor in tomato.The main factor distinguishing BABA-IR from other stress conditions was the extensive induction of signaling and perception machinery playing a key role in effective resistance against pathogens.Interestingly,the signalling processes and immune response activated during BABA-IR in tomato differed from those in Arabidopsis with substantial enrichment of genes associated with jasmonic acid(JA)and ethylene(ET)signalling and no change in Asp levels.Our results revealed key differences between the effect of BABA on tomato and other model plants studied until now.Surprisingly,salicylic acid(SA)is not involved in BABA downstream signalization whereas ET and JA play a crucial role.
基金Supported by Innovative Projects for University Students(2022XCX020).
文摘In this paper,the artificial lake on the campus of Tibet University was taken as the research object.By detecting the water quality of the lake,the standard index method and comprehensive pollution index method were used to understand the water quality characteristics,pollution status,and main pollutants of the Siyuan Lake.On this basis,the comprehensive nutritional status index method was used to evaluate the eutrophication status of the Siyuan Lake.The results showed that the overall water quality of the artificial lake was good,showing as still clean,with TN and TP being the main pollution factors of the artificial lake.The main nutritional indicators were TN,TP,and transparency,with a comprehensive nutritional level of middle eutropher.Based on the environmental characteristics of the artificial lake area on the campus of Tibet University,reasonable treatment measures have been proposed.It hoped to prevent and improve the water environment through these measures,and provide reference for the protection and restoration of campus landscape water body.
基金Supported by Research on Water Quality Criteria for Aquatic Organism Protection and Water Quality Standards for Optimal Control of Pollutants in the Baiyangdian Basin(20374204D).
文摘Under the vision of development for the new era,China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development and an important window period in which we have the conditions and ability to address the prominent issue of economic development and ecological protection in a coordinated way.However,all kinds of environmental benchmark values in China are lacking and need to be constantly supplemented and improved.Therefore,exploring and putting forward a simple and efficient method for the transformation of environmental criteria into environmental standards is an important basis for the rapid establishment of relevant environmental criteria system and the effective promotion of the development of environmental standards system towards a scientific and reasonable direction.In this paper,the water environment is taken as the research object.By analyzing the research progress of environmental criteria and standards at home and abroad,and the foreign method of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards,combined with the problems faced in the process of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards in China,an effective method to transform China's environmental criteria into environmental standards is analyzed.After analysis and comparison,it is found that the pollution reduction accounting method could achieve their simple and efficient conversion.Under the premise of obtaining environmental criteria for certain pollutants,environmental criteria for certain pollutants could be obtained by distributing pollutants reduction costs,and accounting economic benefits after reaching standard,thus obtaining the environmental standard of this type of pollutant,which provides reference to determine the environmental standard limits of such pollutants.
文摘Objective:To investigate the psychological health status and influencing factors of the public during the epidemic of Covid-19 in Yichang,Hubei,and provide evidence for future psychological intervention.Methods:This study used snowball sampling,SCL-90 scale,and SSRS to conduct a questionnaire survey of 563 residents.Results:The state of public mental health during the closure of Covid-19 was worse than the national norm.Gender,age,and culture have an impact on mental health.There was a significant correlation between social support and the level of mental health.The effects of various variables on the public mental state from big to small:objective support,gender,occupation.Conclusion:The psychological problems of the public during the closure of the city of Covid-19 deserve attention.According to different influencing factors,corresponding measures should be implemented to improve the public’s psychological endurance and respond to public health emergencies with a healthy mentality.
基金supported by the Chongqing Normal University Graduate Scientific Research Innovation Project (Grants YZH21014 and YZH21010).
文摘The learning status of learners directly affects the quality of learning.Compared with offline teachers,it is difficult for online teachers to capture the learning status of students in the whole class,and it is even more difficult to continue to pay attention to studentswhile teaching.Therefore,this paper proposes an online learning state analysis model based on a convolutional neural network and multi-dimensional information fusion.Specifically,a facial expression recognition model and an eye state recognition model are constructed to detect students’emotions and fatigue,respectively.By integrating the detected data with the homework test score data after online learning,an analysis model of students’online learning status is constructed.According to the PAD model,the learning state is expressed as three dimensions of students’understanding,engagement and interest,and then analyzed from multiple perspectives.Finally,the proposed model is applied to actual teaching,and procedural analysis of 5 different types of online classroom learners is carried out,and the validity of the model is verified by comparing with the results of the manual analysis.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal surgery is a complicated process used to treat many gastrointestinal diseases,and it is associated with a large trauma:Most patients often have different degrees of malnutrition and immune dysfunction before surgery and are prone to various infectious complications during postoperative recovery,thus affecting the efficacy of surgical treatment.Therefore,early postoperative nutritional support can provide essential nutritional supply,restore the intestinal barrier and reduce complication occurrence.However,different studies have shown different conclusions.AIM To assess whether early postoperative nutritional support can improve the nutritional status of patients based on literature search and meta-analysis.METHODS Articles comparing the effect of early nutritional support and delayed nutritional support were retrieved from PubMed,EMBASE,Springer Link,Ovid,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Biology Medicine databases.Notably,only randomized controlled trial articles were retrieved from the databases(from establishment date to October 2022).The risk of bias of the included articles was determined using Cochrane Risk of Bias V2.0.The outcome indicators,such as albumin,prealbumin,and total protein,after statistical intervention were combined.RESULTS Fourteen literatures with 2145 adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery(1138 patients(53.1%)receiving early postoperative nutritional support and 1007 patients(46.9%)receiving traditional nutritional support or delayed nutritional support)were included in this study.Seven of the 14 studies assessed early enteral nutrition while the other seven studies assessed early oral feeding.Furthermore,six literatures had"some risk of bias,"and eight literatures had"low risk".The overall quality of the included studies was good.Meta-analysis showed that patients receiving early nutritional support had slightly higher serum albumin levels,than patients receiving delayed nutritional support[MD(mean difference)=3.51,95%CI:-0.05 to 7.07,Z=1.93,P=0.05].Also,patients receiving early nutritional support had shorter hospital stay(MD=-2.29,95%CI:-2.89 to-1.69),Z=-7.46,P<0.0001)shorter first defecation time(MD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.37 to-0.64),Z=-5.42,P<0.0001),and fewer complications(Odd ratio=0.61,95%CI:0.50 to 0.76,Z=-4.52,P<0.0001)than patients receiving delayed nutritional support.CONCLUSION Early enteral nutritional support can slightly shorten the defecation time and overall hospital stay,reduce complication incidence,and accelerate the rehabilitation process of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32200557Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022QH271the Postdoctoral Innovative Projects of Shandong Province,No.SDCX-ZG-202203047.
文摘BACKGROUND The development of cancer is thought to involve the dynamic crosstalk between the tumor cells and the microenvironment they inhabit.Such crosstalk is thought to involve mechanotransduction,a process whereby the cells sense mechanical cues such as stiffness,and translate these into biochemical signals,which have an impact on the subsequent cellular activities.Bibliometric analysis is a statistical method that involves investigating different aspects(including authors’names and affiliations,article keywords,journals and citations)of large volumes of literature.Despite an increase in mechanotransduction-related research in recent years,there are currently no bibliometric studies that describe the global status and trends of mechanotransduction-related research in the cancer field.AIM To investigate the global research status and trends of mechanotransduction in cancer from a bibliometric viewpoint.METHODS Literature on mechanotransduction in cancer published from January 1,1900 to December 31,2022 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Excel and GraphPad software carried out the statistical analysis of the relevant author,journal,organization,and country information.The co-authorship,keyword cooccurrence,and keyword burst analysis were visualized with VOSviewer and CiteSpace.RESULTS Of 597 publications from 745 institutions in 45 countries were published in 268 journals with 35510 citation times.With 270 articles,the United States is a well-established global leader in this field,and the University of California system,the most productive(n=36)and influential institution(n=4705 citations),is the most highly active in collaborating with other organizations.Cancers was the most frequent publisher with the highest H-index.The most productive researcher was Valerie M.Weaver,with 10 publications.The combined analysis of concurrent and burst keywords revealed that the future research hotspots of mechanotransduction in cancer were related to the plasma membrane,autophagy,piezo1/2,heterogeneity,cancer diagnosis,and post-transcriptional modifications.CONCLUSION Mechanotransduction-related cancer research remains a hot topic.The United States is in the leading position of global research on mechano-oncology after almost 30 years of investigations.Research group cooperations exist but remain largely domestic,lacking cross-national communications.The next big topic in this field is to explore how the plasma membrane and its localized mechanosensor can transduce mechanical force through post-transcriptional modifications and thereby participate in cellular activity regulations and cancer development.
基金support provided by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52075340,51875360)Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.19060502300).
文摘Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to solve.Emerging isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this problem.In this paper,a threedimensional body parametric gear model of IGA is established,and a theoretical formula is derived to realize single-tooth contact analysis.Results were benchmarked against those obtained from commercial software utilizing the finite element analysis(FEA)method to validate the accuracy of our approach.Our findings indicate that the IGA-based contact algorithmsuccessfullymet theHertz contact test.When juxtaposed with the FEA approach,the IGAmethod demonstrated fewer node degrees of freedomand reduced computational units,all whilemaintaining comparable accuracy.Notably,the IGA method appeared to exhibit consistency in analysis accuracy irrespective of computational unit density,and also significantlymitigated non-physical oscillations in contact stress across the tooth width.This underscores the prowess of IGA in contact analysis.In conclusion,IGA emerges as a potent tool for addressing contact analysis challenges and holds significant promise for 3D gear modeling,simulation,and optimization of various mechanical components.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203364,52188101,52020105010)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3800300,2022YFB3803400)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(XDA22010602)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M713214)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX2021321)。
文摘Metal-ion batteries(MIBs),including alkali metal-ion(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(3)),multi-valent metal-ion(Zn^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Al^(3+)),metal-air,and metal-sulfur batteries,play an indispensable role in electrochemical energy storage.However,the performance of MIBs is significantly influenced by numerous variables,resulting in multi-dimensional and long-term challenges in the field of battery research and performance enhancement.Machine learning(ML),with its capability to solve intricate tasks and perform robust data processing,is now catalyzing a revolutionary transformation in the development of MIB materials and devices.In this review,we summarize the utilization of ML algorithms that have expedited research on MIBs over the past five years.We present an extensive overview of existing algorithms,elucidating their details,advantages,and limitations in various applications,which encompass electrode screening,material property prediction,electrolyte formulation design,electrode material characterization,manufacturing parameter optimization,and real-time battery status monitoring.Finally,we propose potential solutions and future directions for the application of ML in advancing MIB development.
基金supported by the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205330)。
文摘The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Maxwell force and Lorentz force)acting on the COOL blanket,which are important mechanical loads in further structural analysis of the COOL blanket.A 3D electromagnetic analysis is performed using the ANSYS finite element method to obtain EM loads on the COOL blanket in this study.At first,the magnetic scalar potential(MSP)method is used to obtain the magnetic field and the Maxwell force on the COOL blanket.Then,the magnetic vector potential(MVP)method is performed during a plasma disruption event to get the eddy current distribution.At last,a multi-step method is adopted for the calculation of the Lorentz force and the torque.The maximum Lorentz forces of inboard and outboard blanket structural components are 5624 kN and 2360 kN respectively.
文摘This study determined the nutritional status of households in North western region of Cameroon using weighed food intake. Twenty–two rural and 106 urban households were randomly selected for weighed food intake Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze collected data and significance at p < 0.05 accepted. Corn fufu with huckleberry was the most frequently consumed meal with little or no animal-source protein. Protein and B group vitamins intake of respondents in both communities were below the FAO/WHO recommended values while energy, iron, and vitamins A and C were in excess for most age groups. Adolescents 10 - 19 years and adults 20 years and above failed to meet at least 85% of RNI for calcium.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0118700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No.62174119)+1 种基金the 111 Project(Grant No.B07014)the Foundation for Talent Scientists of Nanchang Institute for Microtechnology of Tianjin University.
文摘DNA methylation has been extensively investigated in recent years,not least because of its known relationship with various diseases.Progress in analytical methods can greatly increase the relevance of DNA methylation studies to both clinical medicine and scientific research.Microflu-idic chips are excellent carriers for molecular analysis,and their use can provide improvements from multiple aspects.On-chip molecular analysis has received extensive attention owing to its advantages of portability,high throughput,low cost,and high efficiency.In recent years,the use of novel microfluidic chips for DNA methylation analysis has been widely reported and has shown obvious superiority to conventional methods.In this review,wefirst focus on DNA methylation and its applications.Then,we discuss advanced microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis and describe the great progress that has been made in recent years.Finally,we summarize the advantages that microfluidic technology brings to DNA methylation analysis and describe several challenges and perspectives for on-chip DNA methylation analysis.This review should help researchers improve their understanding and make progress in developing microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42201181,42171181)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2412022QD002)The Medium and Long-term Major Training Foundation of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Northeast Normal University(No.22FR006)。
文摘Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national diplomacy.Although much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on country comparisons or institutional en-vironment.In today’s networked era in which the global economy,trade,personnel,and information are closely connected,studies on China’s global position and its status changes and influencing factors in multiple contact networks are still insufficient.In this study,from the perspective of diverse global contact networks,we constructed economic,cultural,and political influence indices to explore the changes and influencing factors on China’s status in the global system from 2005 to 2018.The results show that during the study period,China’s global influence in the fields of economic ties,cultural exchanges,and political contacts increased significantly,but its influ-ence in the fields of cultural exchanges and political contacts lagged far economic ties.The pattern of China’s economic influence on various economies around the world has shown a transformation from an‘upright pyramid’to an‘inverted pyramid’structure.The proportion of these economies in low-influence zones has decreased from more than 60%in 2005 to less than 20%in 2018.China’s cultural and political influence on various economies around the world has increased significantly;however,for the former,the percentage of high-influence areas is still less than 20%,whereas for the latter the percentage of these economies in medium-and high-influence areas is still less than 50%.Analyses such as a scatter plot matrix show that geographical proximity,economic globalization,close cooperation with developing countries,and a proactive and peaceful foreign policy are important factors in improving China’s status in the diverse global network system.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32101571,32002071)the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding (Grant No.2021C02071-6)。
文摘Lily(Lilium spp.) is an important ornamental flower, which is mainly propagated by bulbs. Cell wall invertases(CWINs), which catalyze the irreversibly conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose in the extracellular space, are key enzymes participating in sucrose allocation in higher plants. Previous studies have shown that CWINs play an essential role in bulblet initiation process in bulbous crops, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, a CWIN gene of Lilium brownii var. giganteum(Lbg) was identified and amplified from genomic DNA. Quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that the expression level of LbgCWIN1 was highly upregulated exactly when the endogenous starch degraded in non-sucrose medium during in vitro bulblet initiation in Lbg. Phylogenetic relationship, motif, and domain analysis of LbgCWIN1 protein and CWINs in other plant species showed that all sequences of these CWIN proteins were highly conserved. The promoter sequence of LbgCWIN1 possessed a number of alpha-amylase-, phytohormone-, light-and stress-responsive cis-elements. Meanwhile, β-glucuronidase(GUS) assay showed that the 459 bp upstream fragment from the translational start site displayed maximal promoter activity. These results revealed that LbgCWIN1 might function in the process of in vitro bulblet initiation and be in the response to degradation of endogenous starch.
文摘The China free trade zone,crucial for advancing a new open economy,has gained significant attention lately.We analyzed 885 papers from Peking University Core and CSSCI journals(2012-2023)using CiteSpace for visualization.Our research results indicate that the literature on China’s free trade zone peaked with 171 articles in 2015,and gradually returned to an average of 45 articles per year.The main research focuses in this field include“institutional innovation”,“negative list”,“financial innovation”,“financial openness”,“opening up to the outside world”,and“economic growth”.In addition,cutting-edge analysis indicates that“dual circulation”and“blockchain”are future research trends.The main authors of the literature include Yang Bin,Zhu Xiaolin,Yuan Bo,Li Meng,Zhao Liang,and others.Their affiliated institutions,research institutes,and universities have not yet formed a clear core circle of authors;The top three research institutions with the highest number of publications are the International Trade and Economic Cooperation Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce,Kaiyuan Law School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,and the Comprehensive Research Institute of the Free Trade Zone of Sun Yatsen University.This article delves into the current hot topics and progress in the research of China’s free trade zones,providing important references and inspirations for future scholars in this field.
文摘The literary review presented in the following paper aims to analyze the tracking tools used in different countries during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tracking apps that have been adopted in many countries to collect data in a homogeneous and immediate way have made up for the difficulty of collecting data and standardizing evaluation criteria. However, the regulation on the protection of personal data in the health sector and the adoption of the new General Data Protection Regulation in European countries has placed a strong limitation on their use. This has not been the case in non-European countries, where monitoring methodologies have become widespread. The textual analysis presented is based on co-occurrence and multiple correspondence analysis to show the contact tracing methods adopted in different countries in the pandemic period by relating them to the issue of privacy. It also analyzed the possibility of applying Blockchain technology in applications for tracking contagions from COVID-19 and managing health data to provide a high level of security and transparency, including through anonymization, thus increasing user trust in using the apps.
