The grating ends bonding fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensor has been widely used in sensor packages such as substrate type and clamp type for health monitoring of large structures.However,owing to the shear deformation of...The grating ends bonding fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensor has been widely used in sensor packages such as substrate type and clamp type for health monitoring of large structures.However,owing to the shear deformation of the adhesive layer of FBG,the strain measured by FBG is often different from the strain of actual matrix,which causes strain measurement errors.This investigation aims at improving the measurement accuracy of strain for the grating ends surface-bonded FBG.To fulfill this objective,a strain transfer equation of the grating ends bonding FBG is derived,and a theoretical model of the average strain transfer from the matrix to the optical fiber is developed.Moreover,parameters that influence the average strain transfer rate from the matrix to the optical fiber are analyzed.A selection scheme of bonding parameters by numerical simulation is provided,which is significantly advantageous over that of the grating bonding FBG.The theoretical equation is verified by finite element method(FEM).Compared with the existing model,the proposed model has higher measurement accuracy.Experimental tests are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model on the equalintensity cantilever beam,whose surface is attached to the bare FBG with grating ends bonding and strain gauge by using epoxy glue.The results show that there is a great agreement between the outcome of the bare FBG and that of the strain gauge,and the corrected strain is closer to the true strain.The proposed model provides a theoretical basis for the design of the grating ends surface-bonded FBG strain sensor for health monitoring of large structures.展开更多
A shear-lag theory was developed to investigate the strain transfer from the metal substrate to the surface acoustic wave （SAW） resonator through a bonding layer. A three-layer model of host structure-adhesive layer...A shear-lag theory was developed to investigate the strain transfer from the metal substrate to the surface acoustic wave （SAW） resonator through a bonding layer. A three-layer model of host structure-adhesive layer-resonator layer was established. The strain transfer was theoretically analyzed, and the main factors impacting the SAW sensor measurement were studied. The relationship between the sensor response and the individual effect of all these factors under static loads was discussed. Results showed that better accuracy could be achieved with increase in the adhesive stiffness or resonator length, or decrease in the adhesive thickness. The values of the strain transfer rate calculated from the analytical model agreed well with that from the available experiment data.展开更多
Uniaxial strain induced ferroelectric phase transitions in rutile TiO2 are investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated results show that the in-plane tensile strain induces rutile TiO2, paraelectric ...Uniaxial strain induced ferroelectric phase transitions in rutile TiO2 are investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated results show that the in-plane tensile strain induces rutile TiO2, paraelectric phase with P4-2/mnm （D4h） space group, to a ferroelectric phase with Pm（Cs） space group, driven by the softening behaviour of the Eul mode. In addition, the out-of-plane tensile strain, vertical to the ab plane, leads to a ferroelectric phase with P42nm （C4v） space group, driven by the softening behaviour of the A2u mode. The critical tensile strains are 3.7% in-plane and 4.0% out-of-plane, respectively. In addition, the in-plane compression strain, which has the same structure variation as out- of-plane tensile strain due to Poisson effect, leads the paraelectric rutile TiO2 to a paraelectric phase with Pnnm （D2h） space group driven by the softening behaviour of the B1g mode. These results indicate that the sequence ferroelectric （or paraelectric） phase depends on the strain applied. The origin of ferroelectric stabilization in rutile TiO2 is also discussed briefly in terms of strain induced Born effective charge transfer.展开更多
As the strain sensing element of a structural health monitoring,the study and the application of the fibre-optic bragg grating(FBG)have been widely accepted.The accuracy of the FBG sensor is highly dependent on the ph...As the strain sensing element of a structural health monitoring,the study and the application of the fibre-optic bragg grating(FBG)have been widely accepted.The accuracy of the FBG sensor is highly dependent on the physical and the mechanical properties of the strain interface transferring characteristics among the layers of bare optical fibre,protective coating,adhesive layer and host material.In this paper,firstly,the general expression of the multilayer interface strain transferring mechanism is derived.Secondly,based on the defined average strain,the error-modified equation of the FBG sensor is obtained.Finally,in the light of the embedded tube-packaged FBG and the fibre reinforced polymer-optical fibre bragg grating(FRP-OFBG)strain sensors,developed in the Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT),the corresponding strain transferring laws have been studied,and the corresponding error modification coefficients have also been given,which are validated by experiments.The research results provide theories for the development and application of the embedded FBG sensors.展开更多
The design concepts, modelling and implementation of various fibre optic sensor protection systems for development in concrete structures were investigated. Design concepts and on-site requirements for surface-mounted...The design concepts, modelling and implementation of various fibre optic sensor protection systems for development in concrete structures were investigated. Design concepts and on-site requirements for surface-mounted and embedded optical fibre sensor in concrete were addressed. Finite element （FE） modelling of selected sensor protection systems in strain-transfer efficiency from the structure to the sensing region was also studied. And experimental validation of specified sensor protection system was reported. Results obtained indicate that the protection system for the sensors performs adequately in concrete environment and there is very good correlation between results obtained by the protected fibre optic sensors and conventional electrical resistance strain gauges.展开更多
Fully-reversed cyclic deformation of a pure Zr(a thickness of 17 mm)was conducted at two different strain amplitudes(0.4%and 0.8%)to investigate the deformation and crack initiation behaviors based on slip trace analy...Fully-reversed cyclic deformation of a pure Zr(a thickness of 17 mm)was conducted at two different strain amplitudes(0.4%and 0.8%)to investigate the deformation and crack initiation behaviors based on slip trace analysis.It was found that prismaticaslip with a higher Schmid Factor(m>0.4)was the dominant deformation mode.The grains containing persistent slip bands(PSBs)tended to go towards[1210]pole and the Schmid Factor had a critical value of 0.4 above which prismatic and pyramidal slip were dominant.Fatigue cracks were mainly initiated at PSBs and grain boundaries(GBs).It showed that 61.1%of the cracks were PSB cracks under a strain amplitude of 0.4%,while it decreased to 53.5%at a strain amplitude of 0.8%.PSB cracks were mainly parallel to prismaticaslip with higher Schmid Factor while some cracks tended to be initiated at GBs with higher misorientation angles.The interaction of PSBs with GBs would result in strain transferring to the neighboring grain.Strain transfer was more likely to occur at the condition of the higher geometrical compatibility factor m,and lower residual Burgers vectorb,which could reduce strain localization.展开更多
This paper deals with an improved bonding approach of surface-bonded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for airship envelope structural health monitoring (SHM) under the strain transfer theory. A theoretical formula is...This paper deals with an improved bonding approach of surface-bonded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for airship envelope structural health monitoring (SHM) under the strain transfer theory. A theoretical formula is derived from the proposed model to predict the strain transfer relationship between the airship envelope and fiber core. Then theoretical predictions are validated by numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM). Finally, on the basis of the theoretical approach and numerical validation, parameters that influence the strain transfer rate from the airship envelope to fiber core and the ratio of effective sensing length are analyzed, and some meaningful conclusions are provided.展开更多
To investigate the long-term performance of the packaged fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors embedded in civil infrastructure for strain monitoring,in this paper,the influence of host matrix’s creep effect on the behavio...To investigate the long-term performance of the packaged fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors embedded in civil infrastructure for strain monitoring,in this paper,the influence of host matrix’s creep effect on the behavior of the FBG sensors was systematically studied through theoretical,numerical,and experimental analysis.A theoretical strain transfer analysis between the optic fiber,packaging layer,and host matrix to consider the creep effect of the host matrix was performed accordingly for long-term strain monitoring.Parametric studies were carried out using numerical analysis for FBG sensors packaged with glass fiber reinforced plastic(GFRP),also known as FBG-GFRP sensors in concrete,as an example.The results show that embedded in a creep medium,an acceptable long-term performance of packaged FBG sensors requires the packaging layer to have a minimum length and maximum thickness.Laboratory long-term creep tests using epoxy resin and concrete as host matrix for FBG-GFRP sensors also clearly demonstrated that the influence of creep effect cannot be ignored for strain measurements if the host matrix has a creep potential and the developed correction model performed well to reduce measurement errors of such sensors in creep medium.展开更多
文摘The grating ends bonding fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensor has been widely used in sensor packages such as substrate type and clamp type for health monitoring of large structures.However,owing to the shear deformation of the adhesive layer of FBG,the strain measured by FBG is often different from the strain of actual matrix,which causes strain measurement errors.This investigation aims at improving the measurement accuracy of strain for the grating ends surface-bonded FBG.To fulfill this objective,a strain transfer equation of the grating ends bonding FBG is derived,and a theoretical model of the average strain transfer from the matrix to the optical fiber is developed.Moreover,parameters that influence the average strain transfer rate from the matrix to the optical fiber are analyzed.A selection scheme of bonding parameters by numerical simulation is provided,which is significantly advantageous over that of the grating bonding FBG.The theoretical equation is verified by finite element method(FEM).Compared with the existing model,the proposed model has higher measurement accuracy.Experimental tests are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model on the equalintensity cantilever beam,whose surface is attached to the bare FBG with grating ends bonding and strain gauge by using epoxy glue.The results show that there is a great agreement between the outcome of the bare FBG and that of the strain gauge,and the corrected strain is closer to the true strain.The proposed model provides a theoretical basis for the design of the grating ends surface-bonded FBG strain sensor for health monitoring of large structures.
文摘A shear-lag theory was developed to investigate the strain transfer from the metal substrate to the surface acoustic wave （SAW） resonator through a bonding layer. A three-layer model of host structure-adhesive layer-resonator layer was established. The strain transfer was theoretically analyzed, and the main factors impacting the SAW sensor measurement were studied. The relationship between the sensor response and the individual effect of all these factors under static loads was discussed. Results showed that better accuracy could be achieved with increase in the adhesive stiffness or resonator length, or decrease in the adhesive thickness. The values of the strain transfer rate calculated from the analytical model agreed well with that from the available experiment data.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. Y200805750)
文摘Uniaxial strain induced ferroelectric phase transitions in rutile TiO2 are investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated results show that the in-plane tensile strain induces rutile TiO2, paraelectric phase with P4-2/mnm （D4h） space group, to a ferroelectric phase with Pm（Cs） space group, driven by the softening behaviour of the Eul mode. In addition, the out-of-plane tensile strain, vertical to the ab plane, leads to a ferroelectric phase with P42nm （C4v） space group, driven by the softening behaviour of the A2u mode. The critical tensile strains are 3.7% in-plane and 4.0% out-of-plane, respectively. In addition, the in-plane compression strain, which has the same structure variation as out- of-plane tensile strain due to Poisson effect, leads the paraelectric rutile TiO2 to a paraelectric phase with Pnnm （D2h） space group driven by the softening behaviour of the B1g mode. These results indicate that the sequence ferroelectric （or paraelectric） phase depends on the strain applied. The origin of ferroelectric stabilization in rutile TiO2 is also discussed briefly in terms of strain induced Born effective charge transfer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50308008,10672048,50278029)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
文摘As the strain sensing element of a structural health monitoring,the study and the application of the fibre-optic bragg grating(FBG)have been widely accepted.The accuracy of the FBG sensor is highly dependent on the physical and the mechanical properties of the strain interface transferring characteristics among the layers of bare optical fibre,protective coating,adhesive layer and host material.In this paper,firstly,the general expression of the multilayer interface strain transferring mechanism is derived.Secondly,based on the defined average strain,the error-modified equation of the FBG sensor is obtained.Finally,in the light of the embedded tube-packaged FBG and the fibre reinforced polymer-optical fibre bragg grating(FRP-OFBG)strain sensors,developed in the Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT),the corresponding strain transferring laws have been studied,and the corresponding error modification coefficients have also been given,which are validated by experiments.The research results provide theories for the development and application of the embedded FBG sensors.
文摘The design concepts, modelling and implementation of various fibre optic sensor protection systems for development in concrete structures were investigated. Design concepts and on-site requirements for surface-mounted and embedded optical fibre sensor in concrete were addressed. Finite element （FE） modelling of selected sensor protection systems in strain-transfer efficiency from the structure to the sensing region was also studied. And experimental validation of specified sensor protection system was reported. Results obtained indicate that the protection system for the sensors performs adequately in concrete environment and there is very good correlation between results obtained by the protected fibre optic sensors and conventional electrical resistance strain gauges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275161)International Joint Research Center for Value-added Metallurgy and Processing of Non-ferrous Metals(Grant No.2019SD0010)+1 种基金Qin Chuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction in Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2022KXJ-145)Innovation Talent Promotion Program-Science and Technology Innovation Team(Grant No.2023-CX-TD-50).
文摘Fully-reversed cyclic deformation of a pure Zr(a thickness of 17 mm)was conducted at two different strain amplitudes(0.4%and 0.8%)to investigate the deformation and crack initiation behaviors based on slip trace analysis.It was found that prismaticaslip with a higher Schmid Factor(m>0.4)was the dominant deformation mode.The grains containing persistent slip bands(PSBs)tended to go towards[1210]pole and the Schmid Factor had a critical value of 0.4 above which prismatic and pyramidal slip were dominant.Fatigue cracks were mainly initiated at PSBs and grain boundaries(GBs).It showed that 61.1%of the cracks were PSB cracks under a strain amplitude of 0.4%,while it decreased to 53.5%at a strain amplitude of 0.8%.PSB cracks were mainly parallel to prismaticaslip with higher Schmid Factor while some cracks tended to be initiated at GBs with higher misorientation angles.The interaction of PSBs with GBs would result in strain transferring to the neighboring grain.Strain transfer was more likely to occur at the condition of the higher geometrical compatibility factor m,and lower residual Burgers vectorb,which could reduce strain localization.
基金Project (No. 2011AA7052011) supported by the National High-Tech R&D (863) Program of China
文摘This paper deals with an improved bonding approach of surface-bonded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for airship envelope structural health monitoring (SHM) under the strain transfer theory. A theoretical formula is derived from the proposed model to predict the strain transfer relationship between the airship envelope and fiber core. Then theoretical predictions are validated by numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM). Finally, on the basis of the theoretical approach and numerical validation, parameters that influence the strain transfer rate from the airship envelope to fiber core and the ratio of effective sensing length are analyzed, and some meaningful conclusions are provided.
基金supported by the The National Key R&D Program of China[2018FYC0705606]。
文摘To investigate the long-term performance of the packaged fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors embedded in civil infrastructure for strain monitoring,in this paper,the influence of host matrix’s creep effect on the behavior of the FBG sensors was systematically studied through theoretical,numerical,and experimental analysis.A theoretical strain transfer analysis between the optic fiber,packaging layer,and host matrix to consider the creep effect of the host matrix was performed accordingly for long-term strain monitoring.Parametric studies were carried out using numerical analysis for FBG sensors packaged with glass fiber reinforced plastic(GFRP),also known as FBG-GFRP sensors in concrete,as an example.The results show that embedded in a creep medium,an acceptable long-term performance of packaged FBG sensors requires the packaging layer to have a minimum length and maximum thickness.Laboratory long-term creep tests using epoxy resin and concrete as host matrix for FBG-GFRP sensors also clearly demonstrated that the influence of creep effect cannot be ignored for strain measurements if the host matrix has a creep potential and the developed correction model performed well to reduce measurement errors of such sensors in creep medium.
