Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and ...Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and the contents of iron(Fe),zinc(Zn),and seed gluten proteins.Forty-two of the accessions were classified as resistant to stripe rust,while the other four accessions were classified as susceptible to stripe rust in four environments.The average HD of Ae.umbellulata was significantly longer than that of three common wheat cultivars(180.9 d vs.137.0 d),with the exception of PI226500(138.9 d).The Ae.umbellulata accessions also showed high variability in Fe(69.74-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(49.83-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents.Three accessions(viz.,PI542362,PI542363,and PI554399)showed relatively higher Fe(230.96-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(92.46-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents than the others.The Fe content of Ae.umbellulata was similar to those of Ae.comosa and Ae.markgrafii but higher than those of Ae.tauschii and common wheat.Aegilops umbellulata showed a higher Zn content than Ae.tauschii,Ae.comosa,and common wheat,but a lower content than Ae.markgrafii.Furthermore,Ae.umbellulata had the highest proportion of γ-gliadin among all the species investigated(Ae.umbellulata vs.other species=mean 72.11%vs.49.37%;range:55.33-86.99%vs.29.60-67.91%).These results demonstrated that Ae.umbellulata exhibits great diversity in the investigated traits,so it can provide a potential gene pool for the genetic improvement of these traits in wheat.展开更多
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), threatens wheat production worldwide, and resistant varieties tend to become susceptible after a period of cultivation owing to the variation of pathoge...Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), threatens wheat production worldwide, and resistant varieties tend to become susceptible after a period of cultivation owing to the variation of pathogen races. In this study, a new resistance gene against Pst race CYR34 was identified and predicted using the descendants of a cross between AS1676, a highly resistant Chinese landrace, and Avocet S, a susceptible cultivar. From a heterozygous plant from a F7recombinant inbred line(RIL) population lacking the Yr18 gene, a near-isogenic line(NIL) population was developed to map the resistance gene. An allstage resistance gene, YrAS1676, was identified on chromosome arm 1AL via bulked-segregant exomecapture sequencing. By analyzing a large NIL population consisting of 6537 plants, the gene was further mapped to the marker interval between KA1A_485.36 and KA1A_490.13, spanning 485.36–490.13 Mb on1AL. A total of 66 annotated genes have been reported in this region. To characterize and predict the candidate gene(s), an RNA-seq was performed using NIL-R and NIL-S seedlings 3 days after CYR34 inoculation. Compared to NIL-S plants, NIL-R plants showed stronger immune reaction and higher expression levels of genes encoding pathogenesis-associated proteins. These differences may help to explain why NIL-R plants were more resistant to Pst race CYR34 than NIL-S plants. By combining fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene was finally predicted as the potential candidate gene of YrAS1676. This gene contained a single-nucleotide polymorphism. The candidate gene was more highly expressed in NIL-R than in NIL-S plants. In field experiments with Pst challenge,the YrAS1676 genotype showed mitigation of disease damage and yield loss without adverse effects on tested agronomic traits. These results suggest that YrAS1676 has potential use in wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.展开更多
The wheat canopy reflectance spectrum is affected by many internal and external factors such as diseases and growth stage. Separating the effects of disease stress on the crop from the observed mixed signals is crucia...The wheat canopy reflectance spectrum is affected by many internal and external factors such as diseases and growth stage. Separating the effects of disease stress on the crop from the observed mixed signals is crucial for increasing the precision of remote sensing monitoring of wheat stripe rust. The canopy spectrum of winter wheat infected by stripe rust was processed with the difference-in-differences(DID) algorithm used in econometrics. The monitoring accuracies of wheat stripe rust before and after processing with the DID algorithm were compared in the presence of various external factors, disease severity, and several simulated satellite sensors. The correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index processed by the DID algorithm(NDVI-DID) and the disease severity level(SL) increased in comparison with the NDVI before processing. The increase in precision in the natural disease area in the field in the presence of large differences in growth stage, growth, planting, and management of the crop was greater than that in the controlled experiment. For low disease levels(SL < 20%), the R2 of the regression of NDVI-DIDon SL was 38.8% higher than that of the NDVI and the root mean square error(RMSE) was reduced by 11.1%. The increase in precision was greater than that for the severe level(SL > 40%).According to the measured hyperspectral data, the spectral reflectance of three satellite sensor levels was simulated. The wide-band NDVI was calculated. Compared with the wide-band NDVI and vegetation indexes(VI) before DID processing, there were increases in the correlation between SL and the various types of VIS-DID, as well as in the correlation between SL and NDVI-DID. It is feasible to apply the DID algorithm to multispectral satellite data and diverse types of VISfor monitoring wheat stripe rust. Our results improve the quantification of independent effects of stripe rust infection on canopy reflectance spectrum,increase the precision of remote sensing monitoring of wheat stripe rust, and provide a reference for remote sensing monitoring of other crop diseases.展开更多
Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici Erikss.(Pst)infects wheat and causes stripe rust.The rust is heteroecious with wheat as the primary uredinial and telial host and barberry(Berberis spp.)as the alternate pycni...Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici Erikss.(Pst)infects wheat and causes stripe rust.The rust is heteroecious with wheat as the primary uredinial and telial host and barberry(Berberis spp.)as the alternate pycnial and aecial host.More than 40 Berberis species have been identified as alternate hosts for Pst,and most of these are Chinese Berberis species.However,little is known about Berberis species or their geographic distributions in the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau in southwestern China.The Yunnan-Guizhou plateau is considered to be an important and relatively independent region for the evolution of the wheat stripe rust pathogen in China because the entire disease cycle can be completed within the region.In this study,we conducted a survey of barberry plants in the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and identified the eight Pst-susceptible Berberis species under controlled conditions,including B.julianae,B.tsienii,B.veitchii,B.wilsonae,B.wilsonae var.guhtzunica,B.franchetiana,B.lepidifolia and B.pruinosa.These species are reported here for the first time to serve as alternate hosts for the wheat stripe rust pathogen under controlled conditions.展开更多
In order to realize monitoring and early warning and comprehensive management of wheat stripe rust and to reduce its occurrence in Nanchong City,the occurrence and epidemic regularity of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong ...In order to realize monitoring and early warning and comprehensive management of wheat stripe rust and to reduce its occurrence in Nanchong City,the occurrence and epidemic regularity of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong was studied by system monitoring and general survey,resistance identification,physiological race monitoring and meteorological data analysis. The initial occurrence location and spreading pathway of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici( Pst) were first verified;there were two infection peaks of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong and one to three epidemic peaks in fields,in which the occurrence area of the first epidemic peak played a pivotal role in disease prevalence in that year; the cumulative occurrence area in late January was positively correlated with annual occurrence area,with the correlation coefficient of 0. 769; the prediction model for infected field rate,diseased plant rate and annual occurrence area was established. The internal reason for heavy occurrence and prevalence of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong was the decline or loss of wheat resistance against stripe rust,as well as the appearance of physiological races of Pst,which later became dominant races. Large fluctuation of temperature in warm winter and spring and more fog and dew days were external reasons responsible for prevalence of stripe rust. From 2002 to 2014,the accuracy rate of short-term prediction of wheat stripe rust reached 100%,while that of medium-term and long-term prediction reached over 98% and 95%,respectively,5%- 15% higher than that of the years before 1998.展开更多
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the pathogenic fungi on wheat, caused stripe rust that is a great threat for wheat production all over the world. Intensive efforts have been made to study genetics ...Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the pathogenic fungi on wheat, caused stripe rust that is a great threat for wheat production all over the world. Intensive efforts have been made to study genetics of wheat resistance to this disease, but few on avirulence of the pathogen due mainly to the nature of obligate biotrophism and the lack of systems for studying its genetics and molecular manipulations. To overcome these limitations, a natural Pst population comprising 352 isolates representative of a diverse virulence spectrum was genotyped using 97 secreted protein-single nucleotide polymorphism (SP-SNP) markers to identify candidate avirulence genes using association analysis. Among avirulence genes corresponding to 19 resistance genes, significantly associated SP-SNP markers were detected for avirulence genes AvYr1, AvYr2, AvYr6, AvYr7, AvYr8, AvYr44, AvYrExp2, AvYrSP, and AvYrTye. These results indicate that association analysis can be used to identify markers for avirulence genes. This study has laid the foundation for developing more SP-SNPs for mapping avirulence genes using segregating populations that can be generated through sexual reproduction on alternate hosts of the pathogen.展开更多
The development and deployment of diverse resistance sources in new wheat cultivars underpin the durable control of stripe rust.In the present study,two loci for adult plant resistance(APR),QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2...The development and deployment of diverse resistance sources in new wheat cultivars underpin the durable control of stripe rust.In the present study,two loci for adult plant resistance(APR),QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2,were identified in the Chinese wheat breeding line Shaanmai 155.QYr SM155.1 was mapped to a 3.0-c M interval between the single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers AX-109583610 and AX-110907562 on chromosome arm 2 BL.QYr SM155.2 was mapped to a 2.1-c M interval flanked by the SNP markers AX-110378556 and AX-86173526 on chromosome arm 7 AS.A genome-wide association study was used to identify markers associated with APR in a panel of 411 spring wheat lines.Thirteen and 11 SNPs were significantly associated with QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2,respectively,corresponding to physical intervals of 653.75–655.52 Mb on 2 BL and 81.63–83.93 Mb on7 AS.To characterize the haplotype variation and the distribution of these QTL,haplotype analysis was performed based on these SNPs in an independent panel of 1101 worldwide wheat accessions.Three major haplotypes(2 B_h1,2 B_h2,and 2 B_h3)for QYr SM155.1 and four major haplotypes(7 A_h1,7 A_h2,7 A_h3,and 7 A_h4)for QYr SM155.2 were identified.Accessions individually harboring QYr SM155.1_h1 and QYr SM155.2_h1 haplotypes and their combination displayed resistance.Additional assays of 1306 current Chinese cultivars and breeding lines using markers flanking QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2 indicated that the resistance haplotypes of the two QTL were present in respectively 1.45%and 14.16%of lines.Increasing resistance haplotype frequencies at these two loci using marker-assisted selection should benefit wheat production in China.展开更多
Wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust are the major diseases in wheat producing area in Xinjiang.To obtain wheat germplasm resources and varieties resistant to powdery mildew and rust,36 high-generation stable strains ...Wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust are the major diseases in wheat producing area in Xinjiang.To obtain wheat germplasm resources and varieties resistant to powdery mildew and rust,36 high-generation stable strains of Xinjiang winter wheat were evaluated using the method of natural inducement from 2018 to 2020.A total of 5 strains with high resistance to powdery mildew,4 strains with slow stripe rust and 1 strain with resistance to powdery mildew and adult plant slow stripe rust were obtained.And the parental combination of disease-resistant varieties was analyzed.These studies will provide theoretical basis for the breeding of resistant wheat varieties in Xinjiang.展开更多
Stripe rust(yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(PST),is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in China and worldwide. Resistance breeding is the most...Stripe rust(yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(PST),is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in China and worldwide. Resistance breeding is the most effective strategy to control diseases in crop plants. Chinese wheat lines Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 are highly resistant to PST race CYR34(V26) at the adult plant stage. To genetically map the underlying resistance genes we developed segregating populations by crossing Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 with the susceptible cultivar Nongda 399. The stripe rust resistances in Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 were both controlled by single dominant genes, provisionally designated YrMM58 and YrHY1, respectively. Bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq) analysis showed that YrMM58 and YrHY1 were located in the same distal ~16 Mb region on chromosome 2 AS.Comparative genomics analysis with the physical map of Aegilops tauschii proved useful for developing additional markers to saturate the genetic linkage map. YrMM58 and YrHY1 were mapped to the distal end of chromosome arm 2 AS, with the closest marker WGGB148 being 7.7 cM and 3.8 cM from the resistance gene, which was considered to be Yr17. These markers can be used in marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Several new stripe rust pathogen races emerged in the wheat growing regions of China in recent years.These races were virulent to most of the designated wheat seedling resistance genes.Thus,it is necessary and worthwh...Several new stripe rust pathogen races emerged in the wheat growing regions of China in recent years.These races were virulent to most of the designated wheat seedling resistance genes.Thus,it is necessary and worthwhile to identify new valuable resistant materials for the sake of diversifying resistant sources,pyramiding different resistance genes and achieving durable resistance.Here,we identified the resistance gene,temporarily designated as YrH9017,in wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica introgression line H9017-14-16-5-3.A total of 146 F2 plants and their derived F2:3 families in a cross of Mingxian 169 and H9017-14-16-5-3 were used to evaluate seedling stripe rust response and as a mapping population.Finally,we constructed a genetic map including eight simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers and expressed sequence tag(EST) markers.YrH9017 was located on the long arm of chromosome 2A and closely linked with two EST-sequence tagged site(EST-STS) markers BG604577 and BE471201 at 1.3 and 1.8 cM distance,respectively.The two closest markers could be used for marker-assisted selection of YrH9017 in breeding.展开更多
Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) play many important roles in plant defense response against pathogen attack. To better understand the molecular mechanism of PR genes involved in wheat adult plant resistance (APR) ...Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) play many important roles in plant defense response against pathogen attack. To better understand the molecular mechanism of PR genes involved in wheat adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust, based on a differentially expressed transcribed derived fragment (TDF), a novel PR gene from wheat cv. Xingzi 9104 infected by the Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Erikss. pathotype CY32, which was highly similar to the maize ZmPR10 gene and designated as TaPR10, was identified using in silico cloning and RT-PCR method. This novel TaPR10 gene was predicted to encode a 160-amino acid protein with a deduced molecular weight of 17.06 kDa and an isoelectronic point (pI) of 5.19. An amino acid sequence analysis of TaPR10 demonstrated the presence of a typical conserved domain of pathogenesis related protein Bet_v_I family. Multiple alignment analysis based on the amino acids encoded by 10 different PR10 genes from maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), broomcorn (Sorghum bicolor), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) indicated that PR proteins of class 10 was conserved among the 4 plant species with about 80% similarity. DNA sequence of TaPR10 suggested the presence of one 84-bp intron with the splicing sites of GT-AT bi-nucleotide sequence between 188 and 271 bp. Using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), expression profiles of TaPR10 revealed that at the adult-plant stage, TaPR10 transcript was up-regulated as early as 12 h post-inoculation (hpi), with the occurrence of maximum induction at 24 hpi. At the seedling stage, TaPR10 was also slightly induced 18 hpi. However, the transcript amount was relatively lower than that of the adult-plant stage. Taken together, these results suggest that TaPR10 may participate in wheat defense response of APR to stripe rust.展开更多
Thinopyrum intermedium(2 n = 6 x = 42, JJJ^sJ^sStSt) has been hybridized extensively with common wheat and has proven to be a valuable germplasm source for improving disease resistance, quality attributes, and yield p...Thinopyrum intermedium(2 n = 6 x = 42, JJJ^sJ^sStSt) has been hybridized extensively with common wheat and has proven to be a valuable germplasm source for improving disease resistance, quality attributes, and yield potential in wheat. We characterized new disease resistant wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives A1082 and A5-5 using sequential multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization(mc-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization(GISH), PCRbased landmark unique gene(PLUG) and intron targeting(IT) markers. A1082 was identified as a wheat-Th. intermedium 3J disomic addition line, and A5-5 was a T4BS·5J^sL homozygous Robertsonian translocation line. Seventy-one and 106 pairs of primers amplified Th.intermedium-specific bands allowing chromosomes 3J and 5J^s to be tracked, respectively. A new oligonucleotide probe, Oligo-6 H-2-100, was developed for FISH labeling of the subterminal region of the long arm of chromosome 5J^s. Both lines were highly resistant to stripe rust pathogen races prevalent in Chinese field screening nurseries. A5-5 also displayed a significant increase in tiller number compared to its wheat parent. The new lines can be exploited as useful germplasms for wheat improvement.展开更多
Loss of variety resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.tritici) is an important factor causing massiveperiodical epidemic of rust in wheat production. Creation and development of new races of ru...Loss of variety resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.tritici) is an important factor causing massiveperiodical epidemic of rust in wheat production. Creation and development of new races of rust pathogen have led toserious crisis of resistance loss in widely planted varieties. This has quickened the search for new resistance resources.Molecular marker could facilitate the identification of the location of novel genes. A line A-3 with high resistance(immune) to currently epidemic yellow rust races (CY29, 31, 32) was screened out in offspring of Triticum aestivum ×Thinopyrum ponticum. Segregation in F2 and BC1 populations indicated that the resistance was controlled by twoindependent genes: one dominant and one recessive. SSR markers were employed to map the two resistant genes in theF2 and BC1 populations. A marker WMC477-167 bp located on 2BS was linked to the dominant gene with genetic distanceof 0.4 cM. Another marker WMC364-208 bp located on 7BS was linked to the recessive-resistant gene with genetic distanceof 5.8 cM. The two genes identified in this paper might be two novel stripe rust resistant genes, which were temporarilydesignated as YrTp1 and YrTp2, respectively. The tightly linking markers facilitate transfer of the two resistant genes intothe new varieties to control epidemic of yellow rust.展开更多
Triticum aestivum-Hayaldia villosa translocation line V3 has shown effective all-stage resistance to the seven dominant pathotypes of Puccinia striiforms f.sp.tritici prevalent in China.To elucidate the genetic basis ...Triticum aestivum-Hayaldia villosa translocation line V3 has shown effective all-stage resistance to the seven dominant pathotypes of Puccinia striiforms f.sp.tritici prevalent in China.To elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance,the segregating populations were developed from the cross between V3 and susceptible genotype Mingxian 169,seedlings of the parents and F2progeny were tested with six prevalent pathotypes,including CYR29,CYR31,CYR32-6,CYR33,Sun11-4,and Sun11-11,F1plants and F3lines were also inoculated with Sun11-11 to confirm the result further.The genetic studied results showed that the resistance of V3 against CYR29 was conferred by two dominant genes,independently,one dominant gene and one recessive gene conferring independently or a single dominant gene to confer resistance to CYR31,two complementary dominant genes conferring resistance to both CYR32-6 and Sun11-4,two independently dominant genes or three dominant genes(two of the genes show cumulative effect)conferring resistance to CYR33,a single dominant gene for resistance to Sun11-11.Resistance gene analog polymorphism(RGAP)and simple-sequence repeat(SSR)techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to the single dominant gene(temporarily designated as YrV3)for resistance to Sun11-11.A linkage map of 2 RGAP and 7 SSR markers was constructed for the dominant gene using data from 221 F2plants and their derived F2:3lines tested with Sun11-11 in the greenhouse.Amplification of the complete set of nulli-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring with a RGAP marker RG1 mapped the gene on the chromosome 1B,and then the linked 7 SSR markers located this gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B.The linkage map spanned a genetic distance of 25.0 cM,the SSR markers Xgwm124and Xcfa2147 closely linked to YrV3 with genetic distances of 3.0 and 3.8 cM,respectively.Based on the linkage map,it concluded that the resistance gene YrV3 was located on chromosome arm 1BL.Given chromosomal location,the reaction patterns and pedigree analysis,YrV3 should be a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat.These closely linked markers should be useful in stacking genes from different sources for wheat breeding and diversification of resistance genes against stripe rust.展开更多
Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,is one of the major diseases of wheat in China.In order to asses the resistance levels and existing Yr genes among 59 wheat cultivars(lines)from the Pacific Nort...Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,is one of the major diseases of wheat in China.In order to asses the resistance levels and existing Yr genes among 59 wheat cultivars(lines)from the Pacific Northwest(PNW)of the United States,to provide resistance resources for genetic improvement of wheat stripe rust resistance in China,59 wheat cultivars(lines)from PNW of the United States were infected by 3 mixed races of predominant Chinese stripe rust races CRY31,CRY32,and CRY33 to evaluate their resistance at seedling and adult plant stages,and screened with molecular markers tightly linked to currently effective all-stage resistance genes Yr10,Yr15 and adult plant resistance genes Yr18,Yr39.Of 59 American cultivars(lines),five cultivars(lines),Expresso,02W50076,ACS52610,WA008012,and WA00801833,had all-stage resistance,showing resistance to mixed races of CRY31,CRY32,and CRY33 at both seedling and adult plant stages.33 cultivars(lines)had adult plant resistance,only showing resistance to stripe rust at adult stage.Based on the molecular screening,none of the 59 PNW cultivars(lines)had the polymorphic bands of linked markers to Yr10.There were 12,33 and 29 cultivars(lines)which had polymorphic bands of linked markers to Yr15,Yr18 and Yr39,accounting for 20,55 and 49% of the 59 PNW cultivars(lines),respectively.All these results suggested that Yr15,Yr18 and Yr39 were widespread among PNW cultivars(cultivars)and could be utilized in Chinese wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.展开更多
Stripe rust and powdery mildew are both devastating diseases for durum and common wheat.Pyramiding of genes conferring resistance to one or more diseases in a single cultivar is an important breeding approach to provi...Stripe rust and powdery mildew are both devastating diseases for durum and common wheat.Pyramiding of genes conferring resistance to one or more diseases in a single cultivar is an important breeding approach to provide broader spectra of resistances in wheat improvement. A new powdery mildew resistance gene originating from wild emmer(Triticum turgidum var.dicoccoides) backcrossed into common wheat(T. aestivum) line WE35 was identified. It conferred an intermediate level of resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09 at the seedling stage and a high level of resistance at the adult plant stage. Genetic analysis showed that the powdery mildew resistance in WE35 was controlled by a dominant gene designated Pm64. Bulked segregant analysis(BSA) and molecular mapping indicated that Pm64 was located in chromosome bin 2 BL4-0.50–0.89. Polymorphic markers were developed from the corresponding genomic regions of Chinese Spring wheat and wild emmer accession Zavitan to delimit Pm64 to a 0.55 cM genetic interval between markers WGGBH1364 and WGGBH612, corresponding to a 15 Mb genomic region on Chinese Spring and Zavitan 2 BL, respectively. The genetic linkage map of Pm64 is critical for fine mapping and cloning. Pm64 was completely linked in repulsion with stripe rust resistance gene Yr5. Analysis of a larger segregating population might identify a recombinant line with both genes as a valuable resource in breeding for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust.展开更多
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease worldwide that is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Ultraviolet B(UV-B) radiation is one important environmental fa...Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease worldwide that is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Ultraviolet B(UV-B) radiation is one important environmental factor affecting the occurrence and epidemiology of wheat stripe rust. Investigating UV-B radiation effects on the epidemiology of stripe rust may be conducive to monitoring and predicting this disease. In this study, wheat seedlings were exposed to UV-B radiation during different periods under laboratory conditions and radiation effects on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust were investigated. Results showed that incubation period was shortened, and the infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index increased when UV-B radiation was performed only pre-inoculation. When the UV-B radiation was performed only postinoculation or both pre-and post-inoculation, the incubation period was prolonged, and the infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index were reduced. When healthy wheat seedlings were inoculated using urediospores collected from wheat leaves irradiated by UV-B only post-inoculation or both pre-and post-inoculation, infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index were also reduced. However, in the latter, the disease incubation period did not differ under varying UV-B radiation intensities compared to that when wheat leaves were not treated with UV-B radiation. Overall, the effects of direct exposure of wheat plants to UV-B radiation with different intensities in different periods on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust were systematically explored, and the results suggest that the effects of UV-B radiation increased gradually with the increase of UV-B radiation intensity. This information provides a basis for monitoring and predicting this disease as well as for conducting further studies on pathogen virulence variation.展开更多
The objective of this review is to describe events in China and elsewhere that are related to the discovery, genetic identification, use, and ultimate break-down of a single wheat gene for resistance to stripe rust, n...The objective of this review is to describe events in China and elsewhere that are related to the discovery, genetic identification, use, and ultimate break-down of a single wheat gene for resistance to stripe rust, namely Yr24/Yr26. In our retrospective analysis there was an early assumption of at least three genes at or near the locus, which caused an erroneous presumption of genetic diversity for resistance. It is an example of another boom and bust cycle in plant breeding with races virulent to Yr26(V26 races) now being the majority race group in the Chinese Pst population. We have attempted to present our story in a historical and personal context demonstrating research inputs from different national and international groups, as well as some significant contemporary side issues. It covers the period from the late 1980 s to 2017, during which significant rapid advances in the molecular biology of host: pathogen genetics occurred. We attempt to describe both successes and drawbacks in our work.展开更多
Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici(Pst) pathotype CYR34 is widely virulent and prevalent in China.Here, we report identification of a strpie rust resistance(Yr) gene, designated Yr041133, in winter wheat lin...Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici(Pst) pathotype CYR34 is widely virulent and prevalent in China.Here, we report identification of a strpie rust resistance(Yr) gene, designated Yr041133, in winter wheat line 041133. This line produced a hypersensitive reaction to CYR34 and conferred resistance to 13 other pathotypes. Resistance to CYR34 in line 041133 was controlled by a single dominant gene. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing(BSR-Seq) was performed on a pair of RNA bulks generated by pooling resistant and susceptible recombinant inbred lines. Yr041133 was mapped to a 1.7 c M genetic interval on the chromosome arm 7 BL that corresponded to a 0.8 Mb physical interval(608.9–609.7 Mb) in the Chinese Spring reference genome. Based on its unique physical location Yr041133 differred from the other Yr genes on this chromosome arm.展开更多
Wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss.( Pst),is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Sichuan province plays an important role in str...Wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss.( Pst),is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Sichuan province plays an important role in stripe rust epidemic in China. To identify and evaluate wheat stripe rust resistance in Sichuan Province,134 wheat cultivars( lines) were inoculated with seven Pst races at seedling stage and adult stage. The results indicated that the resistance frequencies of wheat cultivars( lines) against seven races CYR31,Su11-7,CYR29,Su11-4,CYR32,CYR33 and V26 were 92. 4%,92. 5%,89. 3%,89. 4%,87. 3%,85. 0% and 82. 8%,respectively. Among 134 materials,76( 56. 0%) performed resistance against all tested races both in seedling and adult stages. The virulence of new pathogenic type V26 of Pst on wheat cultivars( lines) was stronger than the dominant races CYR32 and CYR33. All wheat cultivars( lines) were classified into three types according to analysis of resistance spectrum; 66. 4% of cultivars( lines) showed all-stage resistance,17. 9% were adult-plant resistance,and 15. 7% were susceptible. This indicated that although the overall resistance level of wheat cultivars( lines) in Sichuan Province was very high,the resistance type was simple. Therefore,it is important to identify new resistance genes and enhance resistance gene diversity. Meanwhile,pyramiding breeding of all-stage resistance gene and adult-plant resistance gene could be gradually developed,to achieve durable resistance of wheat cultivars(lines) against stripe rust in Sichuan Province.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771783)the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2018HH0130 and 2022YFH0105)。
文摘Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and the contents of iron(Fe),zinc(Zn),and seed gluten proteins.Forty-two of the accessions were classified as resistant to stripe rust,while the other four accessions were classified as susceptible to stripe rust in four environments.The average HD of Ae.umbellulata was significantly longer than that of three common wheat cultivars(180.9 d vs.137.0 d),with the exception of PI226500(138.9 d).The Ae.umbellulata accessions also showed high variability in Fe(69.74-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(49.83-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents.Three accessions(viz.,PI542362,PI542363,and PI554399)showed relatively higher Fe(230.96-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(92.46-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents than the others.The Fe content of Ae.umbellulata was similar to those of Ae.comosa and Ae.markgrafii but higher than those of Ae.tauschii and common wheat.Aegilops umbellulata showed a higher Zn content than Ae.tauschii,Ae.comosa,and common wheat,but a lower content than Ae.markgrafii.Furthermore,Ae.umbellulata had the highest proportion of γ-gliadin among all the species investigated(Ae.umbellulata vs.other species=mean 72.11%vs.49.37%;range:55.33-86.99%vs.29.60-67.91%).These results demonstrated that Ae.umbellulata exhibits great diversity in the investigated traits,so it can provide a potential gene pool for the genetic improvement of these traits in wheat.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Agricultural Science and Technology of China (NK20220607)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272059 and31971883)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2022ZDZX0014, 2021YFYZ0002, 2021YJ0297, and23NSFTD0045)。
文摘Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), threatens wheat production worldwide, and resistant varieties tend to become susceptible after a period of cultivation owing to the variation of pathogen races. In this study, a new resistance gene against Pst race CYR34 was identified and predicted using the descendants of a cross between AS1676, a highly resistant Chinese landrace, and Avocet S, a susceptible cultivar. From a heterozygous plant from a F7recombinant inbred line(RIL) population lacking the Yr18 gene, a near-isogenic line(NIL) population was developed to map the resistance gene. An allstage resistance gene, YrAS1676, was identified on chromosome arm 1AL via bulked-segregant exomecapture sequencing. By analyzing a large NIL population consisting of 6537 plants, the gene was further mapped to the marker interval between KA1A_485.36 and KA1A_490.13, spanning 485.36–490.13 Mb on1AL. A total of 66 annotated genes have been reported in this region. To characterize and predict the candidate gene(s), an RNA-seq was performed using NIL-R and NIL-S seedlings 3 days after CYR34 inoculation. Compared to NIL-S plants, NIL-R plants showed stronger immune reaction and higher expression levels of genes encoding pathogenesis-associated proteins. These differences may help to explain why NIL-R plants were more resistant to Pst race CYR34 than NIL-S plants. By combining fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene was finally predicted as the potential candidate gene of YrAS1676. This gene contained a single-nucleotide polymorphism. The candidate gene was more highly expressed in NIL-R than in NIL-S plants. In field experiments with Pst challenge,the YrAS1676 genotype showed mitigation of disease damage and yield loss without adverse effects on tested agronomic traits. These results suggest that YrAS1676 has potential use in wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42171394, 41601467)。
文摘The wheat canopy reflectance spectrum is affected by many internal and external factors such as diseases and growth stage. Separating the effects of disease stress on the crop from the observed mixed signals is crucial for increasing the precision of remote sensing monitoring of wheat stripe rust. The canopy spectrum of winter wheat infected by stripe rust was processed with the difference-in-differences(DID) algorithm used in econometrics. The monitoring accuracies of wheat stripe rust before and after processing with the DID algorithm were compared in the presence of various external factors, disease severity, and several simulated satellite sensors. The correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index processed by the DID algorithm(NDVI-DID) and the disease severity level(SL) increased in comparison with the NDVI before processing. The increase in precision in the natural disease area in the field in the presence of large differences in growth stage, growth, planting, and management of the crop was greater than that in the controlled experiment. For low disease levels(SL < 20%), the R2 of the regression of NDVI-DIDon SL was 38.8% higher than that of the NDVI and the root mean square error(RMSE) was reduced by 11.1%. The increase in precision was greater than that for the severe level(SL > 40%).According to the measured hyperspectral data, the spectral reflectance of three satellite sensor levels was simulated. The wide-band NDVI was calculated. Compared with the wide-band NDVI and vegetation indexes(VI) before DID processing, there were increases in the correlation between SL and the various types of VIS-DID, as well as in the correlation between SL and NDVI-DID. It is feasible to apply the DID algorithm to multispectral satellite data and diverse types of VISfor monitoring wheat stripe rust. Our results improve the quantification of independent effects of stripe rust infection on canopy reflectance spectrum,increase the precision of remote sensing monitoring of wheat stripe rust, and provide a reference for remote sensing monitoring of other crop diseases.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0200500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960524,31071641 and 32072358)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2452019046)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JZ-15,2017JM3006)。
文摘Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici Erikss.(Pst)infects wheat and causes stripe rust.The rust is heteroecious with wheat as the primary uredinial and telial host and barberry(Berberis spp.)as the alternate pycnial and aecial host.More than 40 Berberis species have been identified as alternate hosts for Pst,and most of these are Chinese Berberis species.However,little is known about Berberis species or their geographic distributions in the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau in southwestern China.The Yunnan-Guizhou plateau is considered to be an important and relatively independent region for the evolution of the wheat stripe rust pathogen in China because the entire disease cycle can be completed within the region.In this study,we conducted a survey of barberry plants in the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and identified the eight Pst-susceptible Berberis species under controlled conditions,including B.julianae,B.tsienii,B.veitchii,B.wilsonae,B.wilsonae var.guhtzunica,B.franchetiana,B.lepidifolia and B.pruinosa.These species are reported here for the first time to serve as alternate hosts for the wheat stripe rust pathogen under controlled conditions.
基金Supported by Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment Monitoring Station of Inoculum Source of Wheat Stripe Rust in Nanchong City(NYBNJH[2003]104)Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture on Identification of the First Batch of National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone(NJF[2010]22)+2 种基金Occurrence and Epidemic Regularity of Wheat Stripe Rust and Its Integrated Control Technology in Nanchong City(N1998-ZC018)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2015C060,SWU114046,2362015xk04)Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas(CSBAA2015009)
文摘In order to realize monitoring and early warning and comprehensive management of wheat stripe rust and to reduce its occurrence in Nanchong City,the occurrence and epidemic regularity of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong was studied by system monitoring and general survey,resistance identification,physiological race monitoring and meteorological data analysis. The initial occurrence location and spreading pathway of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici( Pst) were first verified;there were two infection peaks of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong and one to three epidemic peaks in fields,in which the occurrence area of the first epidemic peak played a pivotal role in disease prevalence in that year; the cumulative occurrence area in late January was positively correlated with annual occurrence area,with the correlation coefficient of 0. 769; the prediction model for infected field rate,diseased plant rate and annual occurrence area was established. The internal reason for heavy occurrence and prevalence of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong was the decline or loss of wheat resistance against stripe rust,as well as the appearance of physiological races of Pst,which later became dominant races. Large fluctuation of temperature in warm winter and spring and more fog and dew days were external reasons responsible for prevalence of stripe rust. From 2002 to 2014,the accuracy rate of short-term prediction of wheat stripe rust reached 100%,while that of medium-term and long-term prediction reached over 98% and 95%,respectively,5%- 15% higher than that of the years before 1998.
文摘Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the pathogenic fungi on wheat, caused stripe rust that is a great threat for wheat production all over the world. Intensive efforts have been made to study genetics of wheat resistance to this disease, but few on avirulence of the pathogen due mainly to the nature of obligate biotrophism and the lack of systems for studying its genetics and molecular manipulations. To overcome these limitations, a natural Pst population comprising 352 isolates representative of a diverse virulence spectrum was genotyped using 97 secreted protein-single nucleotide polymorphism (SP-SNP) markers to identify candidate avirulence genes using association analysis. Among avirulence genes corresponding to 19 resistance genes, significantly associated SP-SNP markers were detected for avirulence genes AvYr1, AvYr2, AvYr6, AvYr7, AvYr8, AvYr44, AvYrExp2, AvYrSP, and AvYrTye. These results indicate that association analysis can be used to identify markers for avirulence genes. This study has laid the foundation for developing more SP-SNPs for mapping avirulence genes using segregating populations that can be generated through sexual reproduction on alternate hosts of the pathogen.
基金financially the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871611 and31971890)the National Science Foundation for Young Scientistsin China(31901494 and 31901869)+1 种基金International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143019)the Integrated Extension Project of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation in Shaanxi Province(NYKJ-2021-YL(XN)15)。
文摘The development and deployment of diverse resistance sources in new wheat cultivars underpin the durable control of stripe rust.In the present study,two loci for adult plant resistance(APR),QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2,were identified in the Chinese wheat breeding line Shaanmai 155.QYr SM155.1 was mapped to a 3.0-c M interval between the single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers AX-109583610 and AX-110907562 on chromosome arm 2 BL.QYr SM155.2 was mapped to a 2.1-c M interval flanked by the SNP markers AX-110378556 and AX-86173526 on chromosome arm 7 AS.A genome-wide association study was used to identify markers associated with APR in a panel of 411 spring wheat lines.Thirteen and 11 SNPs were significantly associated with QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2,respectively,corresponding to physical intervals of 653.75–655.52 Mb on 2 BL and 81.63–83.93 Mb on7 AS.To characterize the haplotype variation and the distribution of these QTL,haplotype analysis was performed based on these SNPs in an independent panel of 1101 worldwide wheat accessions.Three major haplotypes(2 B_h1,2 B_h2,and 2 B_h3)for QYr SM155.1 and four major haplotypes(7 A_h1,7 A_h2,7 A_h3,and 7 A_h4)for QYr SM155.2 were identified.Accessions individually harboring QYr SM155.1_h1 and QYr SM155.2_h1 haplotypes and their combination displayed resistance.Additional assays of 1306 current Chinese cultivars and breeding lines using markers flanking QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2 indicated that the resistance haplotypes of the two QTL were present in respectively 1.45%and 14.16%of lines.Increasing resistance haplotype frequencies at these two loci using marker-assisted selection should benefit wheat production in China.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101003)Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2016AC027,2019AB021).
文摘Wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust are the major diseases in wheat producing area in Xinjiang.To obtain wheat germplasm resources and varieties resistant to powdery mildew and rust,36 high-generation stable strains of Xinjiang winter wheat were evaluated using the method of natural inducement from 2018 to 2020.A total of 5 strains with high resistance to powdery mildew,4 strains with slow stripe rust and 1 strain with resistance to powdery mildew and adult plant slow stripe rust were obtained.And the parental combination of disease-resistant varieties was analyzed.These studies will provide theoretical basis for the breeding of resistant wheat varieties in Xinjiang.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101802)
文摘Stripe rust(yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(PST),is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in China and worldwide. Resistance breeding is the most effective strategy to control diseases in crop plants. Chinese wheat lines Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 are highly resistant to PST race CYR34(V26) at the adult plant stage. To genetically map the underlying resistance genes we developed segregating populations by crossing Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 with the susceptible cultivar Nongda 399. The stripe rust resistances in Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 were both controlled by single dominant genes, provisionally designated YrMM58 and YrHY1, respectively. Bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq) analysis showed that YrMM58 and YrHY1 were located in the same distal ~16 Mb region on chromosome 2 AS.Comparative genomics analysis with the physical map of Aegilops tauschii proved useful for developing additional markers to saturate the genetic linkage map. YrMM58 and YrHY1 were mapped to the distal end of chromosome arm 2 AS, with the closest marker WGGB148 being 7.7 cM and 3.8 cM from the resistance gene, which was considered to be Yr17. These markers can be used in marker-assisted selection.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660513,31501620 and 31701911)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai,China (2017-ZJ-793)
文摘Several new stripe rust pathogen races emerged in the wheat growing regions of China in recent years.These races were virulent to most of the designated wheat seedling resistance genes.Thus,it is necessary and worthwhile to identify new valuable resistant materials for the sake of diversifying resistant sources,pyramiding different resistance genes and achieving durable resistance.Here,we identified the resistance gene,temporarily designated as YrH9017,in wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica introgression line H9017-14-16-5-3.A total of 146 F2 plants and their derived F2:3 families in a cross of Mingxian 169 and H9017-14-16-5-3 were used to evaluate seedling stripe rust response and as a mapping population.Finally,we constructed a genetic map including eight simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers and expressed sequence tag(EST) markers.YrH9017 was located on the long arm of chromosome 2A and closely linked with two EST-sequence tagged site(EST-STS) markers BG604577 and BE471201 at 1.3 and 1.8 cM distance,respectively.The two closest markers could be used for marker-assisted selection of YrH9017 in breeding.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB708208,2006CB101901)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, Ministry of Education of China (IRT0558)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30930064)the 111Project from the Ministry of Education of China(B07049)
文摘Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) play many important roles in plant defense response against pathogen attack. To better understand the molecular mechanism of PR genes involved in wheat adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust, based on a differentially expressed transcribed derived fragment (TDF), a novel PR gene from wheat cv. Xingzi 9104 infected by the Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Erikss. pathotype CY32, which was highly similar to the maize ZmPR10 gene and designated as TaPR10, was identified using in silico cloning and RT-PCR method. This novel TaPR10 gene was predicted to encode a 160-amino acid protein with a deduced molecular weight of 17.06 kDa and an isoelectronic point (pI) of 5.19. An amino acid sequence analysis of TaPR10 demonstrated the presence of a typical conserved domain of pathogenesis related protein Bet_v_I family. Multiple alignment analysis based on the amino acids encoded by 10 different PR10 genes from maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), broomcorn (Sorghum bicolor), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) indicated that PR proteins of class 10 was conserved among the 4 plant species with about 80% similarity. DNA sequence of TaPR10 suggested the presence of one 84-bp intron with the splicing sites of GT-AT bi-nucleotide sequence between 188 and 271 bp. Using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), expression profiles of TaPR10 revealed that at the adult-plant stage, TaPR10 transcript was up-regulated as early as 12 h post-inoculation (hpi), with the occurrence of maximum induction at 24 hpi. At the seedling stage, TaPR10 was also slightly induced 18 hpi. However, the transcript amount was relatively lower than that of the adult-plant stage. Taken together, these results suggest that TaPR10 may participate in wheat defense response of APR to stripe rust.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0102000)Applied and Basic Project (2016JY0075) from Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31171542)
文摘Thinopyrum intermedium(2 n = 6 x = 42, JJJ^sJ^sStSt) has been hybridized extensively with common wheat and has proven to be a valuable germplasm source for improving disease resistance, quality attributes, and yield potential in wheat. We characterized new disease resistant wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives A1082 and A5-5 using sequential multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization(mc-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization(GISH), PCRbased landmark unique gene(PLUG) and intron targeting(IT) markers. A1082 was identified as a wheat-Th. intermedium 3J disomic addition line, and A5-5 was a T4BS·5J^sL homozygous Robertsonian translocation line. Seventy-one and 106 pairs of primers amplified Th.intermedium-specific bands allowing chromosomes 3J and 5J^s to be tracked, respectively. A new oligonucleotide probe, Oligo-6 H-2-100, was developed for FISH labeling of the subterminal region of the long arm of chromosome 5J^s. Both lines were highly resistant to stripe rust pathogen races prevalent in Chinese field screening nurseries. A5-5 also displayed a significant increase in tiller number compared to its wheat parent. The new lines can be exploited as useful germplasms for wheat improvement.
文摘Loss of variety resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.tritici) is an important factor causing massiveperiodical epidemic of rust in wheat production. Creation and development of new races of rust pathogen have led toserious crisis of resistance loss in widely planted varieties. This has quickened the search for new resistance resources.Molecular marker could facilitate the identification of the location of novel genes. A line A-3 with high resistance(immune) to currently epidemic yellow rust races (CY29, 31, 32) was screened out in offspring of Triticum aestivum ×Thinopyrum ponticum. Segregation in F2 and BC1 populations indicated that the resistance was controlled by twoindependent genes: one dominant and one recessive. SSR markers were employed to map the two resistant genes in theF2 and BC1 populations. A marker WMC477-167 bp located on 2BS was linked to the dominant gene with genetic distanceof 0.4 cM. Another marker WMC364-208 bp located on 7BS was linked to the recessive-resistant gene with genetic distanceof 5.8 cM. The two genes identified in this paper might be two novel stripe rust resistant genes, which were temporarilydesignated as YrTp1 and YrTp2, respectively. The tightly linking markers facilitate transfer of the two resistant genes intothe new varieties to control epidemic of yellow rust.
基金supported by the 111 Project from the Education Ministry of China(B07049)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period(2006BAD08A05)the project of the Toxicity Variation of Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen and Demonstration of Integrated Management of Stripe Rust,China(200903035-02)
文摘Triticum aestivum-Hayaldia villosa translocation line V3 has shown effective all-stage resistance to the seven dominant pathotypes of Puccinia striiforms f.sp.tritici prevalent in China.To elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance,the segregating populations were developed from the cross between V3 and susceptible genotype Mingxian 169,seedlings of the parents and F2progeny were tested with six prevalent pathotypes,including CYR29,CYR31,CYR32-6,CYR33,Sun11-4,and Sun11-11,F1plants and F3lines were also inoculated with Sun11-11 to confirm the result further.The genetic studied results showed that the resistance of V3 against CYR29 was conferred by two dominant genes,independently,one dominant gene and one recessive gene conferring independently or a single dominant gene to confer resistance to CYR31,two complementary dominant genes conferring resistance to both CYR32-6 and Sun11-4,two independently dominant genes or three dominant genes(two of the genes show cumulative effect)conferring resistance to CYR33,a single dominant gene for resistance to Sun11-11.Resistance gene analog polymorphism(RGAP)and simple-sequence repeat(SSR)techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to the single dominant gene(temporarily designated as YrV3)for resistance to Sun11-11.A linkage map of 2 RGAP and 7 SSR markers was constructed for the dominant gene using data from 221 F2plants and their derived F2:3lines tested with Sun11-11 in the greenhouse.Amplification of the complete set of nulli-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring with a RGAP marker RG1 mapped the gene on the chromosome 1B,and then the linked 7 SSR markers located this gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B.The linkage map spanned a genetic distance of 25.0 cM,the SSR markers Xgwm124and Xcfa2147 closely linked to YrV3 with genetic distances of 3.0 and 3.8 cM,respectively.Based on the linkage map,it concluded that the resistance gene YrV3 was located on chromosome arm 1BL.Given chromosomal location,the reaction patterns and pedigree analysis,YrV3 should be a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat.These closely linked markers should be useful in stacking genes from different sources for wheat breeding and diversification of resistance genes against stripe rust.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30971778)Open Fund Project of State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,China(2008.1-2008.12)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(200902552)
文摘Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,is one of the major diseases of wheat in China.In order to asses the resistance levels and existing Yr genes among 59 wheat cultivars(lines)from the Pacific Northwest(PNW)of the United States,to provide resistance resources for genetic improvement of wheat stripe rust resistance in China,59 wheat cultivars(lines)from PNW of the United States were infected by 3 mixed races of predominant Chinese stripe rust races CRY31,CRY32,and CRY33 to evaluate their resistance at seedling and adult plant stages,and screened with molecular markers tightly linked to currently effective all-stage resistance genes Yr10,Yr15 and adult plant resistance genes Yr18,Yr39.Of 59 American cultivars(lines),five cultivars(lines),Expresso,02W50076,ACS52610,WA008012,and WA00801833,had all-stage resistance,showing resistance to mixed races of CRY31,CRY32,and CRY33 at both seedling and adult plant stages.33 cultivars(lines)had adult plant resistance,only showing resistance to stripe rust at adult stage.Based on the molecular screening,none of the 59 PNW cultivars(lines)had the polymorphic bands of linked markers to Yr10.There were 12,33 and 29 cultivars(lines)which had polymorphic bands of linked markers to Yr15,Yr18 and Yr39,accounting for 20,55 and 49% of the 59 PNW cultivars(lines),respectively.All these results suggested that Yr15,Yr18 and Yr39 were widespread among PNW cultivars(cultivars)and could be utilized in Chinese wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0101004)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-STS-ZDTP-024)
文摘Stripe rust and powdery mildew are both devastating diseases for durum and common wheat.Pyramiding of genes conferring resistance to one or more diseases in a single cultivar is an important breeding approach to provide broader spectra of resistances in wheat improvement. A new powdery mildew resistance gene originating from wild emmer(Triticum turgidum var.dicoccoides) backcrossed into common wheat(T. aestivum) line WE35 was identified. It conferred an intermediate level of resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09 at the seedling stage and a high level of resistance at the adult plant stage. Genetic analysis showed that the powdery mildew resistance in WE35 was controlled by a dominant gene designated Pm64. Bulked segregant analysis(BSA) and molecular mapping indicated that Pm64 was located in chromosome bin 2 BL4-0.50–0.89. Polymorphic markers were developed from the corresponding genomic regions of Chinese Spring wheat and wild emmer accession Zavitan to delimit Pm64 to a 0.55 cM genetic interval between markers WGGBH1364 and WGGBH612, corresponding to a 15 Mb genomic region on Chinese Spring and Zavitan 2 BL, respectively. The genetic linkage map of Pm64 is critical for fine mapping and cloning. Pm64 was completely linked in repulsion with stripe rust resistance gene Yr5. Analysis of a larger segregating population might identify a recombinant line with both genes as a valuable resource in breeding for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101393)
文摘Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease worldwide that is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Ultraviolet B(UV-B) radiation is one important environmental factor affecting the occurrence and epidemiology of wheat stripe rust. Investigating UV-B radiation effects on the epidemiology of stripe rust may be conducive to monitoring and predicting this disease. In this study, wheat seedlings were exposed to UV-B radiation during different periods under laboratory conditions and radiation effects on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust were investigated. Results showed that incubation period was shortened, and the infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index increased when UV-B radiation was performed only pre-inoculation. When the UV-B radiation was performed only postinoculation or both pre-and post-inoculation, the incubation period was prolonged, and the infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index were reduced. When healthy wheat seedlings were inoculated using urediospores collected from wheat leaves irradiated by UV-B only post-inoculation or both pre-and post-inoculation, infection efficiency, sporulation quantity and disease index were also reduced. However, in the latter, the disease incubation period did not differ under varying UV-B radiation intensities compared to that when wheat leaves were not treated with UV-B radiation. Overall, the effects of direct exposure of wheat plants to UV-B radiation with different intensities in different periods on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust were systematically explored, and the results suggest that the effects of UV-B radiation increased gradually with the increase of UV-B radiation intensity. This information provides a basis for monitoring and predicting this disease as well as for conducting further studies on pathogen virulence variation.
文摘The objective of this review is to describe events in China and elsewhere that are related to the discovery, genetic identification, use, and ultimate break-down of a single wheat gene for resistance to stripe rust, namely Yr24/Yr26. In our retrospective analysis there was an early assumption of at least three genes at or near the locus, which caused an erroneous presumption of genetic diversity for resistance. It is an example of another boom and bust cycle in plant breeding with races virulent to Yr26(V26 races) now being the majority race group in the Chinese Pst population. We have attempted to present our story in a historical and personal context demonstrating research inputs from different national and international groups, as well as some significant contemporary side issues. It covers the period from the late 1980 s to 2017, during which significant rapid advances in the molecular biology of host: pathogen genetics occurred. We attempt to describe both successes and drawbacks in our work.
基金Financial support of this research by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101000)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(CAAS-ZDRW202002)。
文摘Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici(Pst) pathotype CYR34 is widely virulent and prevalent in China.Here, we report identification of a strpie rust resistance(Yr) gene, designated Yr041133, in winter wheat line 041133. This line produced a hypersensitive reaction to CYR34 and conferred resistance to 13 other pathotypes. Resistance to CYR34 in line 041133 was controlled by a single dominant gene. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing(BSR-Seq) was performed on a pair of RNA bulks generated by pooling resistant and susceptible recombinant inbred lines. Yr041133 was mapped to a 1.7 c M genetic interval on the chromosome arm 7 BL that corresponded to a 0.8 Mb physical interval(608.9–609.7 Mb) in the Chinese Spring reference genome. Based on its unique physical location Yr041133 differred from the other Yr genes on this chromosome arm.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)International Joint Research Project of Sichuan Province(2014HH0052)+1 种基金Key Research Project of Wheat Breeding in Sichuan ProvinceInnovation Team Project of Wheat in Sichuan Province
文摘Wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss.( Pst),is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Sichuan province plays an important role in stripe rust epidemic in China. To identify and evaluate wheat stripe rust resistance in Sichuan Province,134 wheat cultivars( lines) were inoculated with seven Pst races at seedling stage and adult stage. The results indicated that the resistance frequencies of wheat cultivars( lines) against seven races CYR31,Su11-7,CYR29,Su11-4,CYR32,CYR33 and V26 were 92. 4%,92. 5%,89. 3%,89. 4%,87. 3%,85. 0% and 82. 8%,respectively. Among 134 materials,76( 56. 0%) performed resistance against all tested races both in seedling and adult stages. The virulence of new pathogenic type V26 of Pst on wheat cultivars( lines) was stronger than the dominant races CYR32 and CYR33. All wheat cultivars( lines) were classified into three types according to analysis of resistance spectrum; 66. 4% of cultivars( lines) showed all-stage resistance,17. 9% were adult-plant resistance,and 15. 7% were susceptible. This indicated that although the overall resistance level of wheat cultivars( lines) in Sichuan Province was very high,the resistance type was simple. Therefore,it is important to identify new resistance genes and enhance resistance gene diversity. Meanwhile,pyramiding breeding of all-stage resistance gene and adult-plant resistance gene could be gradually developed,to achieve durable resistance of wheat cultivars(lines) against stripe rust in Sichuan Province.
