Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side custome...Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, P<sup>H</sup>, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, P<sup>H</sup>, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 43.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 4.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 21.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 3.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 36.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 56.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 21.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 54.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 32.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 68.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.展开更多
The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and...The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of drugs.Nowadays,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose isomerase.Some low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and HFCS.However,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare sugars.Considering the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial products.In this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.展开更多
The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips an...The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips and husks are materials which can have good thermal conductivity and therefore the combination of these precursors could make it possible to obtain panels with good insulating properties. With regard to environmental and climatic constraints, the composite panels formulated at various rates were tested and the physico-mechanical and thermal properties showed that it was essential to add a crosslinker in order to increase certain solicitation. an incorporation rate of 12% to 30% made it possible to obtain panels with low thermal conductivity, a low surface water absorption capacity and which gives the composite good thermal insulation and will find many applications in the construction and real estate sector. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites. In view of the flame tests, the panels obtained are good and can effectively combat fire safety in public buildings.展开更多
Sugar plays an important role in apple fruit development,appearance and quality as well as contributing to a plant’s water stress response.Trehalose and the trehalose biosynthetic metabolic pathways are part of the s...Sugar plays an important role in apple fruit development,appearance and quality as well as contributing to a plant’s water stress response.Trehalose and the trehalose biosynthetic metabolic pathways are part of the sugar signaling system in plants,which are important regulator of water stress response in apple.The effect of water stress treatments applied to apple trees and the corresponding effects of ABA on developmental fruit quality were examined for indicators of fruit quality during fruit development.The results indicated that the severe water stress treatment(W2)occurring after the last stage of fruit cell division caused a decrease in the color and size of fruit.The moderate water stress(W1)occurring after the last stage of fruit cell enlargement(S2)caused an increase in the content of fructose and sorbitol while the apple fruit shape was not affected.These changes in sugar are related to the activity of sugar metabolic enzymes.While the enzymatic activity of vacuolar acid invertase(vAINV)was higher,that of sucrose-phosphate synthase(SPS)was lower in water stress treated fruit throughout the developmental period.This indicates that enhanced sucrose degradation and reduced sucrose synthesis leads to an overall reduced sucrose content during times of drought.Thus,water stress reduced sucrose content.Whereas the content of endogenous trehalose and ABA were the highest in water stress treated fruit.A moderate water stress(W1)imposed on apple trees via water restriction(60%–65%of field capacity)after the fruit cell enlargement phase of fruit development yielded sweeter fruit of higher economic value.展开更多
Cold-induced sweetening(CIS),the undesirable sugar accumulation in cold-stored potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)tubers,is a severe postharvest issue in the potato processing industry.Although the process of sucrose hydroly...Cold-induced sweetening(CIS),the undesirable sugar accumulation in cold-stored potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)tubers,is a severe postharvest issue in the potato processing industry.Although the process of sucrose hydrolysis by vacuolar invertase during potato CIS is well understood,there is limited knowledge about the transportation of sucrose from the cytosol to the vacuole during postharvest cold storage.Here,we report that among the three potato tonoplast sugar transporters(TSTs),StTST1 exhibits the highest expression in tubers during postharvest cold storage.Subcellular localization analysis demonstrates that StTST1 is a tonoplast-localized protein.StTST1 knockdown decreases reducing sugar accumulation in tubers during low-temperature storage.Compared to wild-type,potato chips produced from StTST1-silenced tubers displayed significantly lower acrylamide levels and lighter color after cold storage.Transcriptome analysis manifests that suppression of StTST1 promotes starch synthesis and inhibits starch degradation in cold-stored tubers.We further establish that the increased sucrose content in the StTST1-silenced tubers might cause a decrease in the ABA content,thereby inhibiting the ABA-signaling pathway.We demonstrate that the down-regulation ofβ-amylase StBAM1 in StTST1-silenced tubers might be directly controlled by ABA-responsive element-binding proteins(AREBs).Altogether,we have shown that StTST1 plays a critical role in sugar accumulation and starchmetabolism regulation during postharvest cold storage.Thus,our findings provide a newstrategy to improve the frying quality of cold-stored tubers and reduce the acrylamide content in potato chips.展开更多
The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic,antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton(CP),a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India.In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed tha...The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic,antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton(CP),a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India.In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed that whole rice extracts of CP have potent antioxidant,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,cholesterol esterase inhibitory,and antilipase effects.An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extracts of CP on high-fat high-sugar induced hyperlipidemic rats.The ethanol extract significantly ameliorated lipid parameters and liver enzymes to normal.Levels of lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase-N-acetyl cysteine,C-reactive protein,and lipoprotein a were significantly lower in the extract-treated groups than those in the disease control group.A marked reduction of ApoB/ApoA1 and other atherogenic indices were observed in extract-treated groups.Twelve phenolic compounds,i.e.rosamarinic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid etc.,were quantified in CP.This study provided the first evidence of the antihyperlipidemic and cardiac risk inhibitory effects of CP,which would be beneficial in preventing and managing hyperlipidemia,associated oxidative stress,and cardiac complications.展开更多
The aims of this work turn towards the valorization of the underutilized Raw Sugar Beet Pulp by-product to produce white Cellulose Microfibers(CMFs),and its potential effect as a reinforcement for the development of H...The aims of this work turn towards the valorization of the underutilized Raw Sugar Beet Pulp by-product to produce white Cellulose Microfibers(CMFs),and its potential effect as a reinforcement for the development of High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE)composites.Pure CMFs were first obtained by subjecting raw SBP to alkali and bleaching treatments.Several characterization techniques were performed to confirm the successful removal of the amorphous compounds from the surface of individual fibers,including SEM,XRD,TGA,and FT-IR analysis.Various CMF loadings(5–10 wt%)were incorporated as bio-fillers into HDPE polymer to evaluate their reinforcing ability in comparison to raw and alkali-treated SBP using twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding.Styrene–(Ethylene–Butene)–Styrene Three-Block Co-Polymer Grafted with Maleic Anhydride was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibers and the matrix.Thermal,mechanical,and rheological properties of the produced composite samples were investigated.It was found that the Young’s modulus were gradually increased with increasing of fibers loadings,with a maximum increase of 30%and 26%observed for composite containing 10 wt%of CMFs and raw SBP,respectively,over neat HDPE.While,the use of coupling agent enhances the ductile behavior of the composites.It was also found that all fiber improves the hardness and toughness behavior of all reinforced composites as well as the complex modulus particularly at 10 wt%.The thermal stability slightly increases with the addition of fibers.This study demonstrates a new route for the valorization of SBP by-products.These fibers can be considered as a valuable bio-fillers candidate for the development of composite materials with enhanced properties.展开更多
Sugar is an indispensable source of energy for plant growth and development, and it requires the participation of sugar transporter proteins(STPs) for crossing the hydrophobic barrier in plants. Here, we systematicall...Sugar is an indispensable source of energy for plant growth and development, and it requires the participation of sugar transporter proteins(STPs) for crossing the hydrophobic barrier in plants. Here, we systematically identified the genes encoding sugar transporters in the genome of maize(Zea mays L.), analyzed their expression patterns under different conditions, and determined their functions in disease resistance. The results showed that the mazie sugar transporter family contained 24 members, all of which were predicted to be distributed on the cell membrane and had a highly conserved transmembrane transport domain. The tissue-specific expression of the maize sugar transporter genes was analyzed, and the expression level of these genes was found to be significantly different in different tissues. The analysis of biotic and abiotic stress data showed that the expression levels of the sugar transporter genes changed significantly under different stress factors. The expression levels of Zm STP2 and Zm STP20 continued to increase following Fusarium graminearum infection. By performing disease resistance analysis of zmstp2 and zmstp20 mutants, we found that after inoculation with Cochliobolus carbonum, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, and F. graminearum, the lesion area of the mutants was significantly higher than that of the wild-type B73 plant. In this study, the genes encoding sugar transporters in maize were systematically identified and analyzed at the whole genome level. The expression patterns of the sugar transporter-encoding genes in different tissues of maize and under biotic and abiotic stresses were revealed, which laid an important theoretical foundation for further elucidation of their functions.展开更多
Phloem loading and transport of sugar from leaves to sink tissues such as fruits are crucial for yield formation.Camellia oleifera is an evergreen horticultural crop with high value;however,its low production limits t...Phloem loading and transport of sugar from leaves to sink tissues such as fruits are crucial for yield formation.Camellia oleifera is an evergreen horticultural crop with high value;however,its low production limits the development of the C.oleifera industry.In this study,using a combination of ultrastructural observation,fluorescence loss in photobleaching(FLIP)and inhibitor treatment,we revealed that C.oleifera leaves mainly adopt a symplastic loading route from mesophyll cells to the surrounding vascular bundle cells in minor veins.HPLC assays showed that sucrose is the main sugar transported and only a small amount of raffinose or stachyose was detected in petioles,supporting a passive symplastic loading route in C.oleifera leaves.Compared to leaves grown this year(LT),the carbohydrate synthesis capacity in leaves grown last year(LL)was decreased while LL retained more soluble sugar,suggesting a decrease in transport capacity with leaf ageing.TEM and tissue staining showed that a reduction in plasmodesmata density leads to a decline in the degree of cellular coupling and is responsible for the weakening transport capacity in older leaves.RNA-seq revealed several differentially expressed genes(DEGs)including CoPDCB1-1,CoSUT1 and CoSWEET12,which are likely involved in the regulation of phloem loading and sugar transport.An expression correlation network is constructed between PD-callose binding protein genes,sugar transporter genes and senescence-associated genes.Collectively,this study provides the evidence of the passive symplastic phloem loading pathway in C.oleifera leaves and constructs the correlation between sugar transport and leaf ageing.展开更多
Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1(VPT1)-mediated phosphate uptake in the vacuoles is essential to plant development and fruit ripening.Interestingly,here we find that the VPT1 may transport sugar in response to soluble ...Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1(VPT1)-mediated phosphate uptake in the vacuoles is essential to plant development and fruit ripening.Interestingly,here we find that the VPT1 may transport sugar in response to soluble sugar status of fruits.The VvVPT1 protein isolated from grape(Vitis vinifera)berrieswas tonoplast-localized and contains SPX(Syg1/Pho81/XPR1)and MFS(major facilitator superfamily)domains.Its mRNA expression was significantly increased during fruit ripening and induced by sucrose.Functional analyses based on transient transgenic systems in grape berry showed that VvVPT1 positively regulated berry ripening and significantly affected hexose contents,fruit firmness,and ripening-related gene expression.The VPT1 proteins(Grape VvVPT1,strawberry FaVPT1,and Arabidopsis AtVPT1)all showed low affinity for phosphate verified in yeast system,while they appear different in sugar transport capacity,consistent with fruit sugar status.Thus,our findings reveal a role for VPT1 in fruit ripening,associated to its SPX and MFS domains in direct transport of soluble sugar available into the vacuole,and open potential avenues for genetic improvement in fleshy fruit.展开更多
Vaccinium duclouxii,endemic to southwestern China,is a berry-producing shrub or small tree belonging to the Ericaceae family,with high nutritive,medicinal,and ornamental value,abundant germplasm resources,and good edi...Vaccinium duclouxii,endemic to southwestern China,is a berry-producing shrub or small tree belonging to the Ericaceae family,with high nutritive,medicinal,and ornamental value,abundant germplasm resources,and good edible properties.In addition,V.duclouxii exhibits strong tolerance to adverse environmental conditions,making it a promising candidate for research and offering wide-ranging possibilities for utilization.However,the lack of V.duclouxii genome sequence has hampered its development and utilization.Here,a high-quality telomere-to-telomere genome sequence of V.duclouxii was de novo assembled and annotated.All of 12 chromosomes were assembled into gap-free single contigs,providing the highest integrity and quality assembly reported so far for blueberry.The V.duclouxii genome is 573.67 Mb,which encodes 41953 protein-coding genes.Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses,we have uncovered the molecular mechanisms involved in sugar and acid accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in V.duclouxii.This provides essentialmolecular information for further research on the quality of V.duclouxii.Moreover,the high-quality telomere-to-telomere assembly of the V.duclouxii genome will provide insights into the genomic evolution of Vaccinium and support advancements in blueberry genetics and molecular breeding.展开更多
Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of bioc...Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of biocomposite materials.This research was aimed at investigating the development of TPS biocomposites from A.pinnata palm starch using an extrusion process.Palm starch,glycerol,and stearic acid were extruded in a twin-screw extruder.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of TPS showed that the starch granules were damaged and gelatinized in the extrusion process.The density of TPS was 1.3695 g/mL,lower than that of palm starch,and the addition of stearic acid resulted in increased TPS density.X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that palm starch had a C-type pattern crystalline structure.The tensile strength,elongation at break,and modulus of elasticity of TPS were 7.19 MPa,33.95%,and 0.56 GPa,respectively.The addition of stearic acid reduced the tensile strength,elongation at break and modulus of elasticity of TPS.The rheological properties,i.e.,melt flow rate(MFR)and viscosity of TPS,were 7.13 g/10 min and 2482.19 Pa.s,respectively.The presence of stearic acid in TPS resulted in increased MFR and decreased viscosity values.The peak gelatinization temperature of A.pinnata palm starch was 70°C,while Tg of TPS was 65°C.The addition of stearic acid reduced the Tg of TPS.The thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)analysis showed that the addition of glycerol and stearic acid decreased the thermal stability,but extended the temperature range of thermal degradation.TPS derived from A.pinnata palm starch by extrusion method has the potential to be applied in industrial practice as a promising raw material for manufacturing bio-based packaging as a sustainable and green alternative to petroleum-based plastics.展开更多
Climate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and quality.Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge.We calibrated and valid...Climate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and quality.Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge.We calibrated and validated the functional-structural model,GrapevineXL,with a data set including grapevine seasonal midday stem water potential(�xylem),berry dry weight(DW),fresh weight(FW),and sugar concentration per volume([Sugar])for a wine grape cultivar(Vitis vinifera cv.Cabernet Franc)in field conditions over 13 years in Bordeaux,France.Our results showed that the model could make a fair prediction of seasonal�xylem and good-to-excellent predictions of berry DW,FW,[Sugar]and leaf gas exchange responses to predawn and midday leaf water potentials under diverse environmental conditions with 14 key parameters.By running virtual experiments to mimic climate change,an advanced veraison(i.e.the onset of ripening)of 14 and 28 days led to significant decreases of berry FW by 2.70%and 3.22%,clear increases of berry[Sugar]by 2.90%and 4.29%,and shortened ripening duration in 8 out of 13 simulated years,respectively.Moreover,the impact of the advanced veraison varied with seasonal patterns of climate and soil water availability.Overall,the results showed that the GrapevineXL model can predict plant water use and berry growth in field conditions and could serve as a valuable tool for designing sustainable vineyard management strategies to cope with climate change.展开更多
Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism an...Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.展开更多
El Salvador established diplomatic relationship with China in 2018,opening a new chapter in the history of bilateral relations.Since the establishment of the diplomatic relationship,bilateral relations have been growi...El Salvador established diplomatic relationship with China in 2018,opening a new chapter in the history of bilateral relations.Since the establishment of the diplomatic relationship,bilateral relations have been growing steadily,with frequent reciprocal visits of high-ranking officials between the two countries.The cooperation has achieved fruitful results in the realms of politics,trade,the economy and cultural humanities.展开更多
Guangxi is the largest sugar producing area in China and shoulders heavy responsibilities for the development of China’s sugar industry.In recent years,China’s sugar industry has been greatly impacted by the foreign...Guangxi is the largest sugar producing area in China and shoulders heavy responsibilities for the development of China’s sugar industry.In recent years,China’s sugar industry has been greatly impacted by the foreign low-cost sugar industry,and the planting area of sugarcane has been declining.The development foundation of the sugar industry is the sugarcane seed industry.Under the impact of foreign low-price sugar,China’s sugarcane industry is under greater pressure for development,and the sugarcane seed industry shoulders more arduous responsibilities.In order to cope with international competition,the development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry urgently needs to establish a development model oriented towards improved varieties,scale and mechanization of sugarcane,so as to promote the high-quality development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry and effectively respond to the pressure of competition in the international sugarcane industry.展开更多
In Italy,Law No.160 of 27 December 2019,also known as the Budget Law 2020(paragraphs 661-676)introduced the Sugar tax.Subsequently,Law No.178 of 30 December 2020(Budget Law 2021)brought some changes such as the effect...In Italy,Law No.160 of 27 December 2019,also known as the Budget Law 2020(paragraphs 661-676)introduced the Sugar tax.Subsequently,Law No.178 of 30 December 2020(Budget Law 2021)brought some changes such as the effective date of the Sugar tax and administrative penalties.This tax should have become effective on 1 January 2021 but was deferred until 1 January 2023.In addition to the regulatory dimension,this contribution aims first to introduce the growing trend of sugar consumption and then to analyse the issue of the sugar tax,first in Italy and later in Europe.Finally,an attempt will also be made to highlight the effects of this application.展开更多
Sugar transportation and sugar-to-starch metabolism are considered important processes in seed development and embryo viability.A few plant SWEET proteins acting as sugar transporters have been reported to function in...Sugar transportation and sugar-to-starch metabolism are considered important processes in seed development and embryo viability.A few plant SWEET proteins acting as sugar transporters have been reported to function in inflorescence and/or seed development.Here,we identified seven members of the 21 Os SWEET genes in rice that play essential roles in sugar transportation and sugar-to-starch conversion in seed development.Nineteen Os SWEET genes exhibiting different expression patterns during inflorescence and seed development were knocked out individually by CRISPR/Cas9.One third of the mutants showed decreased fertile pollen viability and shriveled mature caryopses,resulting in weakened seed traits.Grain fill-related genes but not representative grain shape-regulating genes showed attenuated expression in the mutants.Seed of each of these mutants accumulated more sucrose,glucose or fructose but less starch.Among all Os SWEET genes,Os SWEET4 and Os SWEET11 had major effects on caryopsis development.The sugar-to-starch metabolic pathway was significantly altered in ossweet11 mutants based on differential expression analysis in RNA sequencing assays,confirming that Os SWEET11 functions as a sugar transporter with a key role in seed development.These results help to decipher the multiple functions of Os SWEET genes and to show how they might be used in genetic improvement of rice.展开更多
To study the relations of certain morphological and sugar quality characters with sugarcane yield, an experiment was conducted at Wonji and Metehara Sugar Estates, Ethiopia between March 2012 and October 2013. The exp...To study the relations of certain morphological and sugar quality characters with sugarcane yield, an experiment was conducted at Wonji and Metehara Sugar Estates, Ethiopia between March 2012 and October 2013. The experiment, comprising of 400 sugarcane genotypes of which 174 were local that were collected from different regional states of Ethiopia and 226 introduced, was laid out in partial balanced lattice design with two replications. Data was collected on cane yield and its components, sugar yield and sugar quality traits. ANOVA, correlation and path coefficient analysis were done. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) for all the characters studied. Cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with millable cane number (r = 0.832), single cane weight (r = 0.528), stalk height (r = 0.517) and sugar yield (r = 0.987). There was also positive significant (P = 0.05) correlation of tiller count and cane diameter with cane yield. Path analysis revealed the highest positive direct effect of millable cane number (0.812) on cane yield followed by single cane weight (0.682) and pol percent (0.550). However, stalk diameter and brix percent had considerable negative direct effects and indirect positive effects through single cane weight on cane yield. Therefore, in view of their significant positive association with cane yield, indirect effects of stalk diameter and brix percent via single cane weight should be considered during selection. Genotypes should be selected on the basis of millable cane number, single cane weight and pol percent for getting higher cane and sugar yield.展开更多
文摘Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, P<sup>H</sup>, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, P<sup>H</sup>, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 43.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 4.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 21.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 3.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 36.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 56.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 21.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 54.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 32.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 68.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.
基金Financial support by Dual Initiative Project of Jiangsu Province and Changzhou University is gratefully acknowledgedSample analysis supported by Analysis and Testing Center,NERC Biomass of Changzhou University was also greatly acknowledged.
文摘The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of drugs.Nowadays,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose isomerase.Some low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and HFCS.However,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare sugars.Considering the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial products.In this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.
文摘The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips and husks are materials which can have good thermal conductivity and therefore the combination of these precursors could make it possible to obtain panels with good insulating properties. With regard to environmental and climatic constraints, the composite panels formulated at various rates were tested and the physico-mechanical and thermal properties showed that it was essential to add a crosslinker in order to increase certain solicitation. an incorporation rate of 12% to 30% made it possible to obtain panels with low thermal conductivity, a low surface water absorption capacity and which gives the composite good thermal insulation and will find many applications in the construction and real estate sector. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites. In view of the flame tests, the panels obtained are good and can effectively combat fire safety in public buildings.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No.2014BAD16B06)the project of the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-28)。
文摘Sugar plays an important role in apple fruit development,appearance and quality as well as contributing to a plant’s water stress response.Trehalose and the trehalose biosynthetic metabolic pathways are part of the sugar signaling system in plants,which are important regulator of water stress response in apple.The effect of water stress treatments applied to apple trees and the corresponding effects of ABA on developmental fruit quality were examined for indicators of fruit quality during fruit development.The results indicated that the severe water stress treatment(W2)occurring after the last stage of fruit cell division caused a decrease in the color and size of fruit.The moderate water stress(W1)occurring after the last stage of fruit cell enlargement(S2)caused an increase in the content of fructose and sorbitol while the apple fruit shape was not affected.These changes in sugar are related to the activity of sugar metabolic enzymes.While the enzymatic activity of vacuolar acid invertase(vAINV)was higher,that of sucrose-phosphate synthase(SPS)was lower in water stress treated fruit throughout the developmental period.This indicates that enhanced sucrose degradation and reduced sucrose synthesis leads to an overall reduced sucrose content during times of drought.Thus,water stress reduced sucrose content.Whereas the content of endogenous trehalose and ABA were the highest in water stress treated fruit.A moderate water stress(W1)imposed on apple trees via water restriction(60%–65%of field capacity)after the fruit cell enlargement phase of fruit development yielded sweeter fruit of higher economic value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871683 and 32101781)the earmarked fund for the China Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-09,Potato).
文摘Cold-induced sweetening(CIS),the undesirable sugar accumulation in cold-stored potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)tubers,is a severe postharvest issue in the potato processing industry.Although the process of sucrose hydrolysis by vacuolar invertase during potato CIS is well understood,there is limited knowledge about the transportation of sucrose from the cytosol to the vacuole during postharvest cold storage.Here,we report that among the three potato tonoplast sugar transporters(TSTs),StTST1 exhibits the highest expression in tubers during postharvest cold storage.Subcellular localization analysis demonstrates that StTST1 is a tonoplast-localized protein.StTST1 knockdown decreases reducing sugar accumulation in tubers during low-temperature storage.Compared to wild-type,potato chips produced from StTST1-silenced tubers displayed significantly lower acrylamide levels and lighter color after cold storage.Transcriptome analysis manifests that suppression of StTST1 promotes starch synthesis and inhibits starch degradation in cold-stored tubers.We further establish that the increased sucrose content in the StTST1-silenced tubers might cause a decrease in the ABA content,thereby inhibiting the ABA-signaling pathway.We demonstrate that the down-regulation ofβ-amylase StBAM1 in StTST1-silenced tubers might be directly controlled by ABA-responsive element-binding proteins(AREBs).Altogether,we have shown that StTST1 plays a critical role in sugar accumulation and starchmetabolism regulation during postharvest cold storage.Thus,our findings provide a newstrategy to improve the frying quality of cold-stored tubers and reduce the acrylamide content in potato chips.
基金The authors acknowledge the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Govt.of India,for funding(Grant No.DBT-NER/AGRI/29/2015).
文摘The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic,antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton(CP),a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India.In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed that whole rice extracts of CP have potent antioxidant,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,cholesterol esterase inhibitory,and antilipase effects.An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extracts of CP on high-fat high-sugar induced hyperlipidemic rats.The ethanol extract significantly ameliorated lipid parameters and liver enzymes to normal.Levels of lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase-N-acetyl cysteine,C-reactive protein,and lipoprotein a were significantly lower in the extract-treated groups than those in the disease control group.A marked reduction of ApoB/ApoA1 and other atherogenic indices were observed in extract-treated groups.Twelve phenolic compounds,i.e.rosamarinic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid etc.,were quantified in CP.This study provided the first evidence of the antihyperlipidemic and cardiac risk inhibitory effects of CP,which would be beneficial in preventing and managing hyperlipidemia,associated oxidative stress,and cardiac complications.
基金financial assistance of the Moroccan National Center for Scientific and Technical Research(CNRST)toward this research is hereby acknowledgedThanks to Abou El Kacem QAISS from Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science,Innovation and Research(MAScIR)for his help to elaborate and characterize all our composites.
文摘The aims of this work turn towards the valorization of the underutilized Raw Sugar Beet Pulp by-product to produce white Cellulose Microfibers(CMFs),and its potential effect as a reinforcement for the development of High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE)composites.Pure CMFs were first obtained by subjecting raw SBP to alkali and bleaching treatments.Several characterization techniques were performed to confirm the successful removal of the amorphous compounds from the surface of individual fibers,including SEM,XRD,TGA,and FT-IR analysis.Various CMF loadings(5–10 wt%)were incorporated as bio-fillers into HDPE polymer to evaluate their reinforcing ability in comparison to raw and alkali-treated SBP using twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding.Styrene–(Ethylene–Butene)–Styrene Three-Block Co-Polymer Grafted with Maleic Anhydride was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibers and the matrix.Thermal,mechanical,and rheological properties of the produced composite samples were investigated.It was found that the Young’s modulus were gradually increased with increasing of fibers loadings,with a maximum increase of 30%and 26%observed for composite containing 10 wt%of CMFs and raw SBP,respectively,over neat HDPE.While,the use of coupling agent enhances the ductile behavior of the composites.It was also found that all fiber improves the hardness and toughness behavior of all reinforced composites as well as the complex modulus particularly at 10 wt%.The thermal stability slightly increases with the addition of fibers.This study demonstrates a new route for the valorization of SBP by-products.These fibers can be considered as a valuable bio-fillers candidate for the development of composite materials with enhanced properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901864)the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation (NCCIR2020ZZ-9)+3 种基金the Research Project of Science and Technology in Universities of Hebei Province, China (BJK2022006)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02)the Key Research and Development Projects of Hebei (19226503D)the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Projects, China (216Z6501G and 216Z6502G)。
文摘Sugar is an indispensable source of energy for plant growth and development, and it requires the participation of sugar transporter proteins(STPs) for crossing the hydrophobic barrier in plants. Here, we systematically identified the genes encoding sugar transporters in the genome of maize(Zea mays L.), analyzed their expression patterns under different conditions, and determined their functions in disease resistance. The results showed that the mazie sugar transporter family contained 24 members, all of which were predicted to be distributed on the cell membrane and had a highly conserved transmembrane transport domain. The tissue-specific expression of the maize sugar transporter genes was analyzed, and the expression level of these genes was found to be significantly different in different tissues. The analysis of biotic and abiotic stress data showed that the expression levels of the sugar transporter genes changed significantly under different stress factors. The expression levels of Zm STP2 and Zm STP20 continued to increase following Fusarium graminearum infection. By performing disease resistance analysis of zmstp2 and zmstp20 mutants, we found that after inoculation with Cochliobolus carbonum, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, and F. graminearum, the lesion area of the mutants was significantly higher than that of the wild-type B73 plant. In this study, the genes encoding sugar transporters in maize were systematically identified and analyzed at the whole genome level. The expression patterns of the sugar transporter-encoding genes in different tissues of maize and under biotic and abiotic stresses were revealed, which laid an important theoretical foundation for further elucidation of their functions.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 32071798 to L.Y.Z)。
文摘Phloem loading and transport of sugar from leaves to sink tissues such as fruits are crucial for yield formation.Camellia oleifera is an evergreen horticultural crop with high value;however,its low production limits the development of the C.oleifera industry.In this study,using a combination of ultrastructural observation,fluorescence loss in photobleaching(FLIP)and inhibitor treatment,we revealed that C.oleifera leaves mainly adopt a symplastic loading route from mesophyll cells to the surrounding vascular bundle cells in minor veins.HPLC assays showed that sucrose is the main sugar transported and only a small amount of raffinose or stachyose was detected in petioles,supporting a passive symplastic loading route in C.oleifera leaves.Compared to leaves grown this year(LT),the carbohydrate synthesis capacity in leaves grown last year(LL)was decreased while LL retained more soluble sugar,suggesting a decrease in transport capacity with leaf ageing.TEM and tissue staining showed that a reduction in plasmodesmata density leads to a decline in the degree of cellular coupling and is responsible for the weakening transport capacity in older leaves.RNA-seq revealed several differentially expressed genes(DEGs)including CoPDCB1-1,CoSUT1 and CoSWEET12,which are likely involved in the regulation of phloem loading and sugar transport.An expression correlation network is constructed between PD-callose binding protein genes,sugar transporter genes and senescence-associated genes.Collectively,this study provides the evidence of the passive symplastic phloem loading pathway in C.oleifera leaves and constructs the correlation between sugar transport and leaf ageing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Projects 32030100,32102362),Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(6222004)National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFD1000200)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Support Program(BUA-HHXD2022005)Research and Innovation Ability Improvement Program for Young Teachers of Beijing University of Agriculture.
文摘Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1(VPT1)-mediated phosphate uptake in the vacuoles is essential to plant development and fruit ripening.Interestingly,here we find that the VPT1 may transport sugar in response to soluble sugar status of fruits.The VvVPT1 protein isolated from grape(Vitis vinifera)berrieswas tonoplast-localized and contains SPX(Syg1/Pho81/XPR1)and MFS(major facilitator superfamily)domains.Its mRNA expression was significantly increased during fruit ripening and induced by sucrose.Functional analyses based on transient transgenic systems in grape berry showed that VvVPT1 positively regulated berry ripening and significantly affected hexose contents,fruit firmness,and ripening-related gene expression.The VPT1 proteins(Grape VvVPT1,strawberry FaVPT1,and Arabidopsis AtVPT1)all showed low affinity for phosphate verified in yeast system,while they appear different in sugar transport capacity,consistent with fruit sugar status.Thus,our findings reveal a role for VPT1 in fruit ripening,associated to its SPX and MFS domains in direct transport of soluble sugar available into the vacuole,and open potential avenues for genetic improvement in fleshy fruit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160695,32160718)the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province[ZK(2022)301],Guizhou Normal University QSXM[2022]19,the Project of Basic Research Plan in Yunnan(202101BC070003+1 种基金202302AE090005)the Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education[KY(2022)170],the Guizhou Scholarship for Overseas Students[(2019)12], the Innovation Program of Postgraduate Education of Guizhou Province[Qian Jiao He YJSCXJH(2020)098].
文摘Vaccinium duclouxii,endemic to southwestern China,is a berry-producing shrub or small tree belonging to the Ericaceae family,with high nutritive,medicinal,and ornamental value,abundant germplasm resources,and good edible properties.In addition,V.duclouxii exhibits strong tolerance to adverse environmental conditions,making it a promising candidate for research and offering wide-ranging possibilities for utilization.However,the lack of V.duclouxii genome sequence has hampered its development and utilization.Here,a high-quality telomere-to-telomere genome sequence of V.duclouxii was de novo assembled and annotated.All of 12 chromosomes were assembled into gap-free single contigs,providing the highest integrity and quality assembly reported so far for blueberry.The V.duclouxii genome is 573.67 Mb,which encodes 41953 protein-coding genes.Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses,we have uncovered the molecular mechanisms involved in sugar and acid accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in V.duclouxii.This provides essentialmolecular information for further research on the quality of V.duclouxii.Moreover,the high-quality telomere-to-telomere assembly of the V.duclouxii genome will provide insights into the genomic evolution of Vaccinium and support advancements in blueberry genetics and molecular breeding.
基金from The Hitachi Global Foundation Asia Innovation Award 2020.Also,the authors thank the facilities,scientific and technical support from Advanced Characterization Laboratories Serpong and Cibinong,National Research and Innovation Institute through E-Layanan Sains,Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional(BRIN).
文摘Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of biocomposite materials.This research was aimed at investigating the development of TPS biocomposites from A.pinnata palm starch using an extrusion process.Palm starch,glycerol,and stearic acid were extruded in a twin-screw extruder.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of TPS showed that the starch granules were damaged and gelatinized in the extrusion process.The density of TPS was 1.3695 g/mL,lower than that of palm starch,and the addition of stearic acid resulted in increased TPS density.X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that palm starch had a C-type pattern crystalline structure.The tensile strength,elongation at break,and modulus of elasticity of TPS were 7.19 MPa,33.95%,and 0.56 GPa,respectively.The addition of stearic acid reduced the tensile strength,elongation at break and modulus of elasticity of TPS.The rheological properties,i.e.,melt flow rate(MFR)and viscosity of TPS,were 7.13 g/10 min and 2482.19 Pa.s,respectively.The presence of stearic acid in TPS resulted in increased MFR and decreased viscosity values.The peak gelatinization temperature of A.pinnata palm starch was 70°C,while Tg of TPS was 65°C.The addition of stearic acid reduced the Tg of TPS.The thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)analysis showed that the addition of glycerol and stearic acid decreased the thermal stability,but extended the temperature range of thermal degradation.TPS derived from A.pinnata palm starch by extrusion method has the potential to be applied in industrial practice as a promising raw material for manufacturing bio-based packaging as a sustainable and green alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
基金This research was supported partly by National Key R&D Programof China(grant numbers 2021YFE0109500,2019YFD1000100)CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2022-06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31860527).
文摘Climate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and quality.Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge.We calibrated and validated the functional-structural model,GrapevineXL,with a data set including grapevine seasonal midday stem water potential(�xylem),berry dry weight(DW),fresh weight(FW),and sugar concentration per volume([Sugar])for a wine grape cultivar(Vitis vinifera cv.Cabernet Franc)in field conditions over 13 years in Bordeaux,France.Our results showed that the model could make a fair prediction of seasonal�xylem and good-to-excellent predictions of berry DW,FW,[Sugar]and leaf gas exchange responses to predawn and midday leaf water potentials under diverse environmental conditions with 14 key parameters.By running virtual experiments to mimic climate change,an advanced veraison(i.e.the onset of ripening)of 14 and 28 days led to significant decreases of berry FW by 2.70%and 3.22%,clear increases of berry[Sugar]by 2.90%and 4.29%,and shortened ripening duration in 8 out of 13 simulated years,respectively.Moreover,the impact of the advanced veraison varied with seasonal patterns of climate and soil water availability.Overall,the results showed that the GrapevineXL model can predict plant water use and berry growth in field conditions and could serve as a valuable tool for designing sustainable vineyard management strategies to cope with climate change.
文摘Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.
文摘El Salvador established diplomatic relationship with China in 2018,opening a new chapter in the history of bilateral relations.Since the establishment of the diplomatic relationship,bilateral relations have been growing steadily,with frequent reciprocal visits of high-ranking officials between the two countries.The cooperation has achieved fruitful results in the realms of politics,trade,the economy and cultural humanities.
基金Supported by Special Project for Chairman Academician Advisor of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(ZH040040)Special Project for Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development(Gui Ke ZY19183007)
文摘Guangxi is the largest sugar producing area in China and shoulders heavy responsibilities for the development of China’s sugar industry.In recent years,China’s sugar industry has been greatly impacted by the foreign low-cost sugar industry,and the planting area of sugarcane has been declining.The development foundation of the sugar industry is the sugarcane seed industry.Under the impact of foreign low-price sugar,China’s sugarcane industry is under greater pressure for development,and the sugarcane seed industry shoulders more arduous responsibilities.In order to cope with international competition,the development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry urgently needs to establish a development model oriented towards improved varieties,scale and mechanization of sugarcane,so as to promote the high-quality development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry and effectively respond to the pressure of competition in the international sugarcane industry.
文摘In Italy,Law No.160 of 27 December 2019,also known as the Budget Law 2020(paragraphs 661-676)introduced the Sugar tax.Subsequently,Law No.178 of 30 December 2020(Budget Law 2021)brought some changes such as the effective date of the Sugar tax and administrative penalties.This tax should have become effective on 1 January 2021 but was deferred until 1 January 2023.In addition to the regulatory dimension,this contribution aims first to introduce the growing trend of sugar consumption and then to analyse the issue of the sugar tax,first in Italy and later in Europe.Finally,an attempt will also be made to highlight the effects of this application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31821005,31822042,and 31871946)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFA058)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662019FW006)。
文摘Sugar transportation and sugar-to-starch metabolism are considered important processes in seed development and embryo viability.A few plant SWEET proteins acting as sugar transporters have been reported to function in inflorescence and/or seed development.Here,we identified seven members of the 21 Os SWEET genes in rice that play essential roles in sugar transportation and sugar-to-starch conversion in seed development.Nineteen Os SWEET genes exhibiting different expression patterns during inflorescence and seed development were knocked out individually by CRISPR/Cas9.One third of the mutants showed decreased fertile pollen viability and shriveled mature caryopses,resulting in weakened seed traits.Grain fill-related genes but not representative grain shape-regulating genes showed attenuated expression in the mutants.Seed of each of these mutants accumulated more sucrose,glucose or fructose but less starch.Among all Os SWEET genes,Os SWEET4 and Os SWEET11 had major effects on caryopsis development.The sugar-to-starch metabolic pathway was significantly altered in ossweet11 mutants based on differential expression analysis in RNA sequencing assays,confirming that Os SWEET11 functions as a sugar transporter with a key role in seed development.These results help to decipher the multiple functions of Os SWEET genes and to show how they might be used in genetic improvement of rice.
文摘To study the relations of certain morphological and sugar quality characters with sugarcane yield, an experiment was conducted at Wonji and Metehara Sugar Estates, Ethiopia between March 2012 and October 2013. The experiment, comprising of 400 sugarcane genotypes of which 174 were local that were collected from different regional states of Ethiopia and 226 introduced, was laid out in partial balanced lattice design with two replications. Data was collected on cane yield and its components, sugar yield and sugar quality traits. ANOVA, correlation and path coefficient analysis were done. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) for all the characters studied. Cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with millable cane number (r = 0.832), single cane weight (r = 0.528), stalk height (r = 0.517) and sugar yield (r = 0.987). There was also positive significant (P = 0.05) correlation of tiller count and cane diameter with cane yield. Path analysis revealed the highest positive direct effect of millable cane number (0.812) on cane yield followed by single cane weight (0.682) and pol percent (0.550). However, stalk diameter and brix percent had considerable negative direct effects and indirect positive effects through single cane weight on cane yield. Therefore, in view of their significant positive association with cane yield, indirect effects of stalk diameter and brix percent via single cane weight should be considered during selection. Genotypes should be selected on the basis of millable cane number, single cane weight and pol percent for getting higher cane and sugar yield.
