The harm of ultraviolet radiation to human skin and the mechanism of traditional sunscreen agents and natural sunscreen agents were reviewed.Sunscreen agents were usually encapsulated with delivery systems due to the ...The harm of ultraviolet radiation to human skin and the mechanism of traditional sunscreen agents and natural sunscreen agents were reviewed.Sunscreen agents were usually encapsulated with delivery systems due to the instability and skin permeability.The research progress of several common sunscreen delivery systems was introduced,the future research direction of sunscreen agents was also prospected.展开更多
Solar-induced skin damage continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide, despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared also...Solar-induced skin damage continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide, despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared also contribute to skin damage and photoageing. Most commonly recommended sunscreens are only effective throughout the UV spectrum, offering no protection from visible light and near-infrared. To evaluate the enhanced solar-spectrum blocking ability of iron oxides, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer deploys a unique, single monochromatic design to detect wavelength penetration in the range of 240 to 2600 nm. The sample without iron oxide (control) blocked over 80% of ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B but did not block ultraviolet-A, visible light, or near-infrared wavelengths. The samples with yellow, and red iron oxide blocked over 90% ultraviolet, but did not block visible light and near-infrared effectively. The sample with black iron oxide blocked visible light, and near-infrared effectively compared with other samples with yellow, blue, and red iron oxide. The sample with red and black iron oxides, and the sample with yellow, blue, red, and black iron oxides blocked ultraviolet through to near-infrared. It can be concluded that dark colored iron oxide combinations are effective at blocking from ultraviolet through to visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study may also suggest that biological colour of human skin and subcutaneous tissues are conserved for comprehensive photoprotection.展开更多
Despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens and ultraviolet blocking materials, solar-induced skin damage and photoageing continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide. We have previously repor...Despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens and ultraviolet blocking materials, solar-induced skin damage and photoageing continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared also contribute to skin damage and photo ageing. Most commonly recommended sunscreens are only effective throughout the UV spectrum, offering no protection from visible light and near-infrared. A possible solution could be to augment sunscreens with metal oxides which block visible light and near-infrared radiation. To evaluate the enhanced solar-spectrum blocking ability of novel low viscosity sunscreen containing zinc and iron oxides, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer deploys a unique, single monochromatic design to detect wavelength penetration in the range of 240 to 2600 nm. The Sunscreen base without zinc oxide and iron oxides (control) blocked over 80% of ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B but did not block ultraviolet-A, visible light, or near-infrared. The novel low viscosity zinc oxide sample blocked almost over 90% ultraviolet, but did not block visible light and near-infrared sufficiently. However, the samples with the novel low viscosity zinc oxide, iron oxides and erioglaucine blocked almost over 90% of ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared. It can be concluded that this novel combination of low viscosity zinc oxide, iron oxides and erioglaucine is effective at blocking ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study imply that sunscreens that provide comprehensive photoprotection from ultraviolet through to near-infrared should be adopted to prevent skin photodamage.展开更多
Despite the widespread prevalence of daily sunscreen usage, solar-induced skin damage continues to occur. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared, in addition to ultraviolet radiation, p...Despite the widespread prevalence of daily sunscreen usage, solar-induced skin damage continues to occur. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared, in addition to ultraviolet radiation, perform as aging factors and induce deleterious effects such as photoaging, vasodilation, muscle thinning, skin ptosis, photoimmunosupression and photocarcinogenesis. Despite this, most commonly used sunscreens only block ultraviolet radiation. To evaluate the complete solar-spectrum blocking ability of sunscreens produced by internationally well-known companies, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer utilizes a unique, single monochromatic design covering a wavelength range of 240 to 2600 nm. Sunscreens (thickness, 0.1 mm, SPF50+, PA+++ or ++++) from internationally well-known companies blocked 78.8% - 99.9% of ultraviolet, 33.4% - 99.6% of visible light, and 27.0% - 76.4% of near-infrared. It can be concluded that while most commercially available sunscreens filter ultraviolet radiation, they are not effective at blocking visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study imply that sunscreens that provide comprehensive photoprotection from ultraviolet through to near-infrared should be considered to prevent skin photodamage.展开更多
The impacts of Ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the human body have received increased attention in previous years. The impacts are comprised of a series of illnesses, burns, and modifications in the genetic structures. ...The impacts of Ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the human body have received increased attention in previous years. The impacts are comprised of a series of illnesses, burns, and modifications in the genetic structures. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the effect of sunscreens on yeast to prevent ultraviolet damage. The study uses two sunscreens with different sun protection factors to show how they differently protect the cells from the wrath of UV light. The experiment involves the use of yeast as the test organism since yeast has DNA that is used for reproduction by budding. UV light affects the growth of the bacteria and the limiting factor with the sunscreens. Six Petri dishes with agar were inoculated with yeast solution and put under different conditions and the growth results will be obtained. The experiment also showed how different clothes protect human from the UV radiations.展开更多
Objective: To test the hypothesis that usage of foundation makeup (FM) and sunscreen lotion (SS), used individually or in combination, is associated with significant changes in the likelihood of lupus symptom exacerba...Objective: To test the hypothesis that usage of foundation makeup (FM) and sunscreen lotion (SS), used individually or in combination, is associated with significant changes in the likelihood of lupus symptom exacerbation. Methods: Self-reported flare days (SRF) and use of FM and SS products, were retrospectively examined in 80 Caucasian Australian women with ACR classified SLE for a year. Negative binomial regression modelled SRF days (outcome) against independent FMSS variable and covariates: age;diagnosis years;outdoor hours;BMI;stress;immune therapy medication (ITM) use. Results: Statistically significant inverse associations between SRF days and FMSS use were found. Protective effects were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for combined FMSS exposure days (OR 0.998, CI 0.997 - 1.0) and FM alone (OR 0.603, CI 0.363 - 1.0). Significant associations consistent with increased SRF risk were seen in sub-analysis models for participants taking ITM: univariate model (OR 1.968, p = 0.03);multivariate model for FMSS (OR 2.11, CI 1.161 - 3.835);FM days (OR 1.855, CI 1.023 - 3.364). Results show SRF day reduction of 0.15% for each day of product exposure. Conclusion: Study results highlight protective effects of wearing FM with or without SS. This reduction in flare days ultimately has potential to improve quality of life in SLE patients.展开更多
Chloasma, or melasma, is a commonly acquired pigmentary disorder among Asian women. It may be considered as a physiological change during pregnancy. The incidence in Asian women is higher than that in other ethnic gro...Chloasma, or melasma, is a commonly acquired pigmentary disorder among Asian women. It may be considered as a physiological change during pregnancy. The incidence in Asian women is higher than that in other ethnic groups but further epidemiologic data are needed. There are very few studies related to the benefits of sunscreens to prevent this dermatosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in the prevention of melasma in Korean pregnant women. We tested the effectiveness and tolerance of a sunscreen product (SPF 50+, UVA-PF 30) during a 12-month clinical trial including 220 Korean parturients with skin type III and IV. 217 women completed the study. Only 3 (1%) of the study population developed melasma, which was mild (MASI grade between 1.2 and 2.7). In addition, the clinical effectiveness of the evaluated sunscreen was judged “good to excellent” by the majority of study participants and by the research dermatologists. The “excellent” tolerance of the sunscreen under evaluation was confirmed “good” to “excellent” in 95% and 97% of cases. This study clearly demonstrates that this broad-spectrum sunscreen is well tolerated and effective in the prevention of melasma in Korean pregnant women. Although treatment remains elusive, prevention is possible.展开更多
With China patent application data of sunscreen cosmetics as analysis samples, searching the key words of international patent classification number A61 Q17/04 in Incopat, Patenics, and other retrieval platforms, this...With China patent application data of sunscreen cosmetics as analysis samples, searching the key words of international patent classification number A61 Q17/04 in Incopat, Patenics, and other retrieval platforms, this article analyzes China patent application quantity changes, primary applicants ranking and typical applicants' applications. It helps the enterprises grasp the technology and market development trends of sunscreen cosmetics.展开更多
The synergistic effect and mechanism of two chemical sunscreens,BEMT and MBBT,have been studied.UV absorption spectrum study suggested that UV absorption peaks of BEMT and MRRT shifted when the polarities of solvents ...The synergistic effect and mechanism of two chemical sunscreens,BEMT and MBBT,have been studied.UV absorption spectrum study suggested that UV absorption peaks of BEMT and MRRT shifted when the polarities of solvents varied.In ethanol,a typical semi-polarity solvent,UV absorption capacity of BEMT was reduced compared to its capacity in a non-polarity solvent of isooctane.While the addition of MBBT can offset the impact of solvent polarity.In terms of emulsions with BEMT as the only sunscreen agent,in vitro test indicated that SPF increased as the solvent polarity rose,and the addition of MBBT can offset this impact.Sunscreen efficient can be significantly enhanced via combining water phased and oil phased sunscreen agents.展开更多
The dispersion processes and methods of physical sun-screening agents in liquid medium were briefed.Several stabilizing mechanisms of ultrafine particle in liquid medium was introduced, and the stabilizing mechanisms ...The dispersion processes and methods of physical sun-screening agents in liquid medium were briefed.Several stabilizing mechanisms of ultrafine particle in liquid medium was introduced, and the stabilizing mechanisms of physical sunscreens were discussed. At last, the currently existing evaluation methods of physical sun-screening slurry stability were also illustrated.展开更多
With the development of the economy and improving quality of life,sunscreen products have become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives.However,traditional sunscreen products have several shortcomings,such as ...With the development of the economy and improving quality of life,sunscreen products have become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives.However,traditional sunscreen products have several shortcomings,such as sticky skin feel,clumping,and skin irritation.In addition,the price of sunscreen products is relatively high due to the expensive ingredient:UV absorbers.To solve the above problems,a film-forming agent had been added to the general sunscreen formula to synergistically improve the consumer experience without causing any adverse side effects.It is crucial to achieve sun protection factors(SPF)booster through other cheaper agents.This article mainly studies and verifies the synergistic impact of Carfil■UV35(a water-based polyurethane product)in sunscreen products and discusses its application scope.The hen’s eggchorioallantoic membrane assay(HET-CAM)test and the human patch test were used to verify its mildness to the skin.Results also showed that Carfil■UV35 could effectively improve the water resistance of sunscreen products.What’s more,the SPF improvement test shows that only 5% Carfil■UV35 can increase the SPF value from 15 to 30.In short,the research in this article can provide specific ideas for the formulation design of sunscreen products and is of great significance to the application and SPF increase of water-based polyurethane film-forming agents in sunscreen cosmetics.展开更多
Based on the special users of baby sunscreen cosmetics, the review shows how to choose forms, UV filters and how to match UV filters emphatically according to the characteristics of baby skin. Then the choosing of emo...Based on the special users of baby sunscreen cosmetics, the review shows how to choose forms, UV filters and how to match UV filters emphatically according to the characteristics of baby skin. Then the choosing of emollient, emulsifier, soothing, the design of water-resistance and the using of controversial ingredients were introduced. The review shows guidance for cosmetic formulator to design baby sunscreen cosmetics.展开更多
The recent progress in the applications of Pickering emulsion technology in sunscreens has been reviewed,including the Pickering emulsions stabilized by TiO_2 particles,Pickering emulsions stabilized by TiO_2 and ZnO ...The recent progress in the applications of Pickering emulsion technology in sunscreens has been reviewed,including the Pickering emulsions stabilized by TiO_2 particles,Pickering emulsions stabilized by TiO_2 and ZnO particles,and composite sunscreen microspheres prepared via Pickering emulsion polymerization.The perspective in future development of this technology in sunscreens has also been given.展开更多
Phenolation is one of the effective strategies to synthesize lignin-based polyphenols,improve lignin’s properties,and extend its value-added applications in biological,medicinal and cosmetic fields.Herein,by taking t...Phenolation is one of the effective strategies to synthesize lignin-based polyphenols,improve lignin’s properties,and extend its value-added applications in biological,medicinal and cosmetic fields.Herein,by taking the structural feature advantage of lignin,an effective and green strategy was developed to molecularly engineer lignin into a robust lignin-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate ester(LPPE)derivative via a transesterification reaction between 3,4-dihydrocoumarin(DHC)and the aliphatic hydroxyls in lignin under organocatalysis.The strategy is optimized and the novel derivative was systematically characterized by ^(1)H,^(13)C and ^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy.The findings indicated that the successful introduction of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate groups using a OH groups/DHC/organic base mo-lar ratio of 1꞉1꞉0.3 at 120℃ for 6 h increased the content of phenolic hydroxyl groups from 1.7931 to 3.0179 mmol/g,and the LPPE exhibited excellent ultraviolet-absorbing and antioxidant per-formance with up to 90%free radical scavenging activity within 20 min using 5 mg/mL of LPPE.In addition,good biocompatibility and a high Sun protection factor(SPF)value of 40.9 were achieved at 5%(w)dosage of LPPE in the cream,indicating its significant application potential in sunscreen.展开更多
Ultraviolet absorbents(UVs)make up a group of industrial chemicals that is used in various consumer products and industrial applications.Due to their extensive production and usage,UVs have been detected in multiple e...Ultraviolet absorbents(UVs)make up a group of industrial chemicals that is used in various consumer products and industrial applications.Due to their extensive production and usage,UVs have been detected in multiple environmental matrixes.Recently,UVs have garnered significant attention because of their probable adverse impacts on human health and the environment.This study examines UVs levels in sunscreens and isolation cosmetics and further assesses human exposure to UVs through the application of cosmetics.The total concentrations of nine UVs in 87 sunscreen and isolation cosmetic products ranged from 75.5 to 4.25×10^(4) ng/g.Among them,2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)benzotriazole(UV-P)and 2-hydroxy-4-(octoxy)benzophenone(UV-531)had the highest concentrations.Use of the EpiSkin model indicated rapid absorption and strong dermal penetration by UV-328 following 36 h of exposure with a cumulative absorption rate of 41.8%±2.82%.Other congeners are expected to be distributed in the dermal tissue and donor fluid.Furthermore,this study explored potential mechanisms implicating skin biochemical barriers in the metabolism and transport of UVs.The potential of UVs to act as substrates and inhibitors of P450 enzymes was assessed,and their metabolites were predicted.Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that UVs can significantly interact and bind with three transport proteins in skin:MDR1,OATP2B1,and OATP3A1.Daily UVs exposure through the skin was assessed,revealing that dermal absorption levels of UV-P in sunscreen sprays(4.66×10^(3) ng/(kg bw day))and sunscreens(6.01×10^(3) ng/(kg bw day))were close to or exceeded the reference dose(RfD)and therefore require more attention.展开更多
The field has witnessed the rapid growth in the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)over the past decade,reaching the threshold for practical commercialization.However,a major issue remains tha...The field has witnessed the rapid growth in the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)over the past decade,reaching the threshold for practical commercialization.However,a major issue remains that OSC lifetimes are seriously limited by the ultraviolet(UV)-induced photodegradation.Here,inspired by the superior photostability of car paint under sunlight and ambient air,a“sunscreen”molecule,2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole(UV329),is used to construct the PM6:Y6 ternary device.The addition of UV329 mainly enhances the ordered stacking of PM6 and increases the light utilization of blend films with the improved crystallization and appropriate phase separation.Accordingly,the ternary device exhibits stronger light response and obviously higher and more balanced carrier mobilities,contributing to higher short-circuit current density,fill factor and PCE.Similar PCE boost is also verified in PM6:BTP-e C9 and PM6:L8-BO systems.The photodegradation of PM6 dominates the photo-degradation process of PM6:Y6 systems,while the UV329 can effectively suppress such degradation,and thus the ternary device can retain nearly 90%of the initial PCE under continuous illumination for 120 min.Moreover,ternary devices also preserve better thermal stability and shelf-life with the enhanced PCE.This work provides a simple yet effective strategy for simultaneously improving PCE and photostability of OSCs.展开更多
文摘The harm of ultraviolet radiation to human skin and the mechanism of traditional sunscreen agents and natural sunscreen agents were reviewed.Sunscreen agents were usually encapsulated with delivery systems due to the instability and skin permeability.The research progress of several common sunscreen delivery systems was introduced,the future research direction of sunscreen agents was also prospected.
文摘Solar-induced skin damage continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide, despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared also contribute to skin damage and photoageing. Most commonly recommended sunscreens are only effective throughout the UV spectrum, offering no protection from visible light and near-infrared. To evaluate the enhanced solar-spectrum blocking ability of iron oxides, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer deploys a unique, single monochromatic design to detect wavelength penetration in the range of 240 to 2600 nm. The sample without iron oxide (control) blocked over 80% of ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B but did not block ultraviolet-A, visible light, or near-infrared wavelengths. The samples with yellow, and red iron oxide blocked over 90% ultraviolet, but did not block visible light and near-infrared effectively. The sample with black iron oxide blocked visible light, and near-infrared effectively compared with other samples with yellow, blue, and red iron oxide. The sample with red and black iron oxides, and the sample with yellow, blue, red, and black iron oxides blocked ultraviolet through to near-infrared. It can be concluded that dark colored iron oxide combinations are effective at blocking from ultraviolet through to visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study may also suggest that biological colour of human skin and subcutaneous tissues are conserved for comprehensive photoprotection.
文摘Despite the widespread recommendation and use of sunscreens and ultraviolet blocking materials, solar-induced skin damage and photoageing continues to pose a problem to human health worldwide. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared also contribute to skin damage and photo ageing. Most commonly recommended sunscreens are only effective throughout the UV spectrum, offering no protection from visible light and near-infrared. A possible solution could be to augment sunscreens with metal oxides which block visible light and near-infrared radiation. To evaluate the enhanced solar-spectrum blocking ability of novel low viscosity sunscreen containing zinc and iron oxides, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer deploys a unique, single monochromatic design to detect wavelength penetration in the range of 240 to 2600 nm. The Sunscreen base without zinc oxide and iron oxides (control) blocked over 80% of ultraviolet-C and ultraviolet-B but did not block ultraviolet-A, visible light, or near-infrared. The novel low viscosity zinc oxide sample blocked almost over 90% ultraviolet, but did not block visible light and near-infrared sufficiently. However, the samples with the novel low viscosity zinc oxide, iron oxides and erioglaucine blocked almost over 90% of ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared. It can be concluded that this novel combination of low viscosity zinc oxide, iron oxides and erioglaucine is effective at blocking ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study imply that sunscreens that provide comprehensive photoprotection from ultraviolet through to near-infrared should be adopted to prevent skin photodamage.
文摘Despite the widespread prevalence of daily sunscreen usage, solar-induced skin damage continues to occur. We have previously reported that solar visible light and near-infrared, in addition to ultraviolet radiation, perform as aging factors and induce deleterious effects such as photoaging, vasodilation, muscle thinning, skin ptosis, photoimmunosupression and photocarcinogenesis. Despite this, most commonly used sunscreens only block ultraviolet radiation. To evaluate the complete solar-spectrum blocking ability of sunscreens produced by internationally well-known companies, a double-beam spectrophotometer was used to optically measure the transmission spectra. The spectrophotometer utilizes a unique, single monochromatic design covering a wavelength range of 240 to 2600 nm. Sunscreens (thickness, 0.1 mm, SPF50+, PA+++ or ++++) from internationally well-known companies blocked 78.8% - 99.9% of ultraviolet, 33.4% - 99.6% of visible light, and 27.0% - 76.4% of near-infrared. It can be concluded that while most commercially available sunscreens filter ultraviolet radiation, they are not effective at blocking visible light and near-infrared radiation. The results of this study imply that sunscreens that provide comprehensive photoprotection from ultraviolet through to near-infrared should be considered to prevent skin photodamage.
文摘The impacts of Ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the human body have received increased attention in previous years. The impacts are comprised of a series of illnesses, burns, and modifications in the genetic structures. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the effect of sunscreens on yeast to prevent ultraviolet damage. The study uses two sunscreens with different sun protection factors to show how they differently protect the cells from the wrath of UV light. The experiment involves the use of yeast as the test organism since yeast has DNA that is used for reproduction by budding. UV light affects the growth of the bacteria and the limiting factor with the sunscreens. Six Petri dishes with agar were inoculated with yeast solution and put under different conditions and the growth results will be obtained. The experiment also showed how different clothes protect human from the UV radiations.
文摘Objective: To test the hypothesis that usage of foundation makeup (FM) and sunscreen lotion (SS), used individually or in combination, is associated with significant changes in the likelihood of lupus symptom exacerbation. Methods: Self-reported flare days (SRF) and use of FM and SS products, were retrospectively examined in 80 Caucasian Australian women with ACR classified SLE for a year. Negative binomial regression modelled SRF days (outcome) against independent FMSS variable and covariates: age;diagnosis years;outdoor hours;BMI;stress;immune therapy medication (ITM) use. Results: Statistically significant inverse associations between SRF days and FMSS use were found. Protective effects were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for combined FMSS exposure days (OR 0.998, CI 0.997 - 1.0) and FM alone (OR 0.603, CI 0.363 - 1.0). Significant associations consistent with increased SRF risk were seen in sub-analysis models for participants taking ITM: univariate model (OR 1.968, p = 0.03);multivariate model for FMSS (OR 2.11, CI 1.161 - 3.835);FM days (OR 1.855, CI 1.023 - 3.364). Results show SRF day reduction of 0.15% for each day of product exposure. Conclusion: Study results highlight protective effects of wearing FM with or without SS. This reduction in flare days ultimately has potential to improve quality of life in SLE patients.
文摘Chloasma, or melasma, is a commonly acquired pigmentary disorder among Asian women. It may be considered as a physiological change during pregnancy. The incidence in Asian women is higher than that in other ethnic groups but further epidemiologic data are needed. There are very few studies related to the benefits of sunscreens to prevent this dermatosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in the prevention of melasma in Korean pregnant women. We tested the effectiveness and tolerance of a sunscreen product (SPF 50+, UVA-PF 30) during a 12-month clinical trial including 220 Korean parturients with skin type III and IV. 217 women completed the study. Only 3 (1%) of the study population developed melasma, which was mild (MASI grade between 1.2 and 2.7). In addition, the clinical effectiveness of the evaluated sunscreen was judged “good to excellent” by the majority of study participants and by the research dermatologists. The “excellent” tolerance of the sunscreen under evaluation was confirmed “good” to “excellent” in 95% and 97% of cases. This study clearly demonstrates that this broad-spectrum sunscreen is well tolerated and effective in the prevention of melasma in Korean pregnant women. Although treatment remains elusive, prevention is possible.
文摘With China patent application data of sunscreen cosmetics as analysis samples, searching the key words of international patent classification number A61 Q17/04 in Incopat, Patenics, and other retrieval platforms, this article analyzes China patent application quantity changes, primary applicants ranking and typical applicants' applications. It helps the enterprises grasp the technology and market development trends of sunscreen cosmetics.
文摘The synergistic effect and mechanism of two chemical sunscreens,BEMT and MBBT,have been studied.UV absorption spectrum study suggested that UV absorption peaks of BEMT and MRRT shifted when the polarities of solvents varied.In ethanol,a typical semi-polarity solvent,UV absorption capacity of BEMT was reduced compared to its capacity in a non-polarity solvent of isooctane.While the addition of MBBT can offset the impact of solvent polarity.In terms of emulsions with BEMT as the only sunscreen agent,in vitro test indicated that SPF increased as the solvent polarity rose,and the addition of MBBT can offset this impact.Sunscreen efficient can be significantly enhanced via combining water phased and oil phased sunscreen agents.
文摘The dispersion processes and methods of physical sun-screening agents in liquid medium were briefed.Several stabilizing mechanisms of ultrafine particle in liquid medium was introduced, and the stabilizing mechanisms of physical sunscreens were discussed. At last, the currently existing evaluation methods of physical sun-screening slurry stability were also illustrated.
文摘With the development of the economy and improving quality of life,sunscreen products have become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives.However,traditional sunscreen products have several shortcomings,such as sticky skin feel,clumping,and skin irritation.In addition,the price of sunscreen products is relatively high due to the expensive ingredient:UV absorbers.To solve the above problems,a film-forming agent had been added to the general sunscreen formula to synergistically improve the consumer experience without causing any adverse side effects.It is crucial to achieve sun protection factors(SPF)booster through other cheaper agents.This article mainly studies and verifies the synergistic impact of Carfil■UV35(a water-based polyurethane product)in sunscreen products and discusses its application scope.The hen’s eggchorioallantoic membrane assay(HET-CAM)test and the human patch test were used to verify its mildness to the skin.Results also showed that Carfil■UV35 could effectively improve the water resistance of sunscreen products.What’s more,the SPF improvement test shows that only 5% Carfil■UV35 can increase the SPF value from 15 to 30.In short,the research in this article can provide specific ideas for the formulation design of sunscreen products and is of great significance to the application and SPF increase of water-based polyurethane film-forming agents in sunscreen cosmetics.
文摘Based on the special users of baby sunscreen cosmetics, the review shows how to choose forms, UV filters and how to match UV filters emphatically according to the characteristics of baby skin. Then the choosing of emollient, emulsifier, soothing, the design of water-resistance and the using of controversial ingredients were introduced. The review shows guidance for cosmetic formulator to design baby sunscreen cosmetics.
文摘The recent progress in the applications of Pickering emulsion technology in sunscreens has been reviewed,including the Pickering emulsions stabilized by TiO_2 particles,Pickering emulsions stabilized by TiO_2 and ZnO particles,and composite sunscreen microspheres prepared via Pickering emulsion polymerization.The perspective in future development of this technology in sunscreens has also been given.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22275041No.21774028,No.21574030)+4 种基金Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province&Guizhou University Joint FundScience and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(Natural Science Key Fund ZK[2021]023Platform&Talents[2016]5652,[2017]5788,[2018]5781,and[2019]5607)Introduced Talent Research Project of Guizhou University([2022]16)LETSGrp2020042402 and Basic research project of Guizhou University([2023]01).
文摘Phenolation is one of the effective strategies to synthesize lignin-based polyphenols,improve lignin’s properties,and extend its value-added applications in biological,medicinal and cosmetic fields.Herein,by taking the structural feature advantage of lignin,an effective and green strategy was developed to molecularly engineer lignin into a robust lignin-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate ester(LPPE)derivative via a transesterification reaction between 3,4-dihydrocoumarin(DHC)and the aliphatic hydroxyls in lignin under organocatalysis.The strategy is optimized and the novel derivative was systematically characterized by ^(1)H,^(13)C and ^(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy.The findings indicated that the successful introduction of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate groups using a OH groups/DHC/organic base mo-lar ratio of 1꞉1꞉0.3 at 120℃ for 6 h increased the content of phenolic hydroxyl groups from 1.7931 to 3.0179 mmol/g,and the LPPE exhibited excellent ultraviolet-absorbing and antioxidant per-formance with up to 90%free radical scavenging activity within 20 min using 5 mg/mL of LPPE.In addition,good biocompatibility and a high Sun protection factor(SPF)value of 40.9 were achieved at 5%(w)dosage of LPPE in the cream,indicating its significant application potential in sunscreen.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22136006,22021003,and 22106169)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant XDB0750000.
文摘Ultraviolet absorbents(UVs)make up a group of industrial chemicals that is used in various consumer products and industrial applications.Due to their extensive production and usage,UVs have been detected in multiple environmental matrixes.Recently,UVs have garnered significant attention because of their probable adverse impacts on human health and the environment.This study examines UVs levels in sunscreens and isolation cosmetics and further assesses human exposure to UVs through the application of cosmetics.The total concentrations of nine UVs in 87 sunscreen and isolation cosmetic products ranged from 75.5 to 4.25×10^(4) ng/g.Among them,2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)benzotriazole(UV-P)and 2-hydroxy-4-(octoxy)benzophenone(UV-531)had the highest concentrations.Use of the EpiSkin model indicated rapid absorption and strong dermal penetration by UV-328 following 36 h of exposure with a cumulative absorption rate of 41.8%±2.82%.Other congeners are expected to be distributed in the dermal tissue and donor fluid.Furthermore,this study explored potential mechanisms implicating skin biochemical barriers in the metabolism and transport of UVs.The potential of UVs to act as substrates and inhibitors of P450 enzymes was assessed,and their metabolites were predicted.Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that UVs can significantly interact and bind with three transport proteins in skin:MDR1,OATP2B1,and OATP3A1.Daily UVs exposure through the skin was assessed,revealing that dermal absorption levels of UV-P in sunscreen sprays(4.66×10^(3) ng/(kg bw day))and sunscreens(6.01×10^(3) ng/(kg bw day))were close to or exceeded the reference dose(RfD)and therefore require more attention.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973032,21905043,51833004,21875182)“Chenguang Program”supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(19CG36)+4 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212ACB203005,20224ACB214002,20212BAB213018,20224BAB203015)the Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019101051)the Jiangxi Provincial Education Department Science and Technology Research Foundation(GJJ210310)the support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University(CUSF-DH-D-2021008)supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DEAC02-05CH11231。
文摘The field has witnessed the rapid growth in the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)over the past decade,reaching the threshold for practical commercialization.However,a major issue remains that OSC lifetimes are seriously limited by the ultraviolet(UV)-induced photodegradation.Here,inspired by the superior photostability of car paint under sunlight and ambient air,a“sunscreen”molecule,2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole(UV329),is used to construct the PM6:Y6 ternary device.The addition of UV329 mainly enhances the ordered stacking of PM6 and increases the light utilization of blend films with the improved crystallization and appropriate phase separation.Accordingly,the ternary device exhibits stronger light response and obviously higher and more balanced carrier mobilities,contributing to higher short-circuit current density,fill factor and PCE.Similar PCE boost is also verified in PM6:BTP-e C9 and PM6:L8-BO systems.The photodegradation of PM6 dominates the photo-degradation process of PM6:Y6 systems,while the UV329 can effectively suppress such degradation,and thus the ternary device can retain nearly 90%of the initial PCE under continuous illumination for 120 min.Moreover,ternary devices also preserve better thermal stability and shelf-life with the enhanced PCE.This work provides a simple yet effective strategy for simultaneously improving PCE and photostability of OSCs.
