Background This study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses,oxidative stress reduction,and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves(123.81±9.76 kg;5 months old)duri...Background This study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses,oxidative stress reduction,and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves(123.81±9.76 kg;5 months old)during short-term heat stress(HS)and recovery periods.Eight Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatment groups:no mineral supplementation(Con),inorganic minerals(IM),organic minerals(OM),and high-concentration organic minerals(HOM)and two thermal environments(HS and recovery)using 4×2 factorial arrangement in a crossover design of four periods of 35 d.Calves were maintained in a temperature-controlled barn.The experimental period consisted of 14 d of HS,14 d of recovery condititon,and a 7-d washing period.Results Body temperature and respiration rate were higher in HS than in the recovery conditions(P<0.05).Selenium concentration in serum was high in the HOM-supplemented calves in both HS(90.38μg/dL)and recovery periods(102.00μg/dL)(P<0.05).During the HS period,the serum cortisol was 20.26 ng/mL in the HOM group,which was 5.60 ng/mL lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The total antioxidant status was the highest in the OM group(2.71 mmol Trolox equivalent/L),followed by the HOM group during HS,whereas it was highest in the HOM group(2.58 mmol Trolox equivalent/L)during the recovery period(P<0.05).Plasma malondialdehyde and HSP70 levels were decreased by HOM supplementation during the HS and recovery periods,whereas SOD and GPX levels were not significantly affected(P>0.05).The principal coordinate analysis represented that the overall rumen microbiota was not influenced by mineral supplementation;however,temperature-induced microbial structure shifts were indicated(PERMANOVA:P<0.05).At the phylum level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased,whereas Fibrobacteres,Spirochaetes,and Tenericutes increased(P<0.05),under HS conditions.The genus Treponema increased under HS conditions,while Christensenella was higher in recovery conditions(P<0.05).Conclusion HOM supplementation during HS reduced cortisol concentrations and increased total antioxidant status in Holstein bull calves,suggesting that high organic mineral supplementation may alleviate the adverse effects of HS.展开更多
Malaria presents a significant global public health challenge,with severe malarial anaemia being a primary manifestation of the disease.The understanding of anaemia caused by malaria remains incomplete,making the trea...Malaria presents a significant global public health challenge,with severe malarial anaemia being a primary manifestation of the disease.The understanding of anaemia caused by malaria remains incomplete,making the treatment more complex.Iron is a crucial micronutrient essential for haemoglobin synthesis,oxygen delivery,and other vital metabolic functions in the body.It is indispensable for the growth of human beings,as well as bacteria,protozoa,and viruses in vitro and in vivo.Iron deficiency is among the most common nutritional deficiencies and can have detrimental effects during developmental stages of life.Malaria-induced iron deficiency occurs due to the hemolysis of erythrocytes and the suppression of erythropoiesis,leading to anaemia.Meeting iron requirements is particularly critical during pivotal life stages such as pregnancy,infancy,and childhood.Dietary intake alone may not suffice to meet adequate iron requirements,thus highlighting the vital role of iron supplementation.While iron supplementation can alleviate iron deficiency,it can exacerbate malaria infection by providing additional iron for the parasites.However,in the context of pregnancy and childhood,iron supplementation combined with malaria prevention and treatment has been shown to be beneficial in improving birth outcomes and ensuring proper growth and development,respectively.This review aims to identify the role and impact of iron supplementation in malaria infection during the life stages of pregnancy and childhood.展开更多
Goji berry(Lycium barbarum L.)is substantially dependent on nitrogen fertilizer application,which can signifi-cantly enhance fruit yield and Goji berry industrial development in Ningxia,China.This study aimed to analyz...Goji berry(Lycium barbarum L.)is substantially dependent on nitrogen fertilizer application,which can signifi-cantly enhance fruit yield and Goji berry industrial development in Ningxia,China.This study aimed to analyze the functions of differential nitrogen application rates including low(N1),medium(N2),and high(N3)levels in soil microbial community structure(bacterial and fungal)at 2 diverse soil depths(0-20,20-40 cm)through high-throughput sequencing technology by targeting 16S RNA gene and ITS1&ITS2 regions.All the observed physicochemical parameters exhibited significant improvement(p<0.05)with increased levels of nitrogen and the highest values for most parameters were observed at N2.However,pH decreased(p<0.05)gradually.The alpha and beta diversity analyses for bacterial and fungal communities’metagenome displayed more similarities than differences among all groups.The top bacterial and fungal phyla and genera suggested no obvious(p>0.05)differences among three group treatments(N1,N2,and N3).Furthermore,the functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant(p<0.05)enrichment of quorum sensing,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and transcriptional machinery for bacterial communities,while various saprotrophic functional roles for fungal communities.Conclusively,moderately reducing the use of N-supplemented fertilizers is conducive to increasing soil nitrogen utilization rate,which can contribute to sustainable agriculture practices through improved soil quality,and microbial community structure and functions.展开更多
This present study was conducted to evaluate the metabolic effects of isolated fi ber of carrot supplementation in rats.Physicochemical properties of fi ber were determined.The groups were as follows:animals fed a sta...This present study was conducted to evaluate the metabolic effects of isolated fi ber of carrot supplementation in rats.Physicochemical properties of fi ber were determined.The groups were as follows:animals fed a standard diet,control group;high fi ber supplementation(70 mg);low fi ber supplementation(35 mg);for 12 weeks.Blood samples were collected at the time of sacrifi ce.The weights of heart,liver,kidneys and spleen of the experimental rats with respect to body weight were recorded.Commercial kits were used to determine serum glucose concentration,lipid profi le(cholesterol,HDL-cholesterol,triglycerides),and the two main aminotransferases glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)/glutamate-pyruvate transaminase(GPT).A histopathological assay was performed on the heart,liver,and spleen tissues of animals.Supplementation with fi ber favors weight loss in female((242.03±23.73)-(197.81±10.45)g);and male rats((262.50±32.21)-(213.96±12.56)g and induces a decrease in glucose levels in the supplemented animals.With the exception of total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,the other lipid fractions decrease signifi cantly in rats supplemented.Fiber supplementation did not induce changes in the dissected organs of the supplemented animals.In conclusion supplementation of fiber,improves glucose control,lower plasma lipid concentrations and reduced body weight in normal rats.展开更多
performed independently by authors(Yap KY,Chi H,Ng S)identified 50 studies for full-text evaluation.Finally,12 prospective RCTs and 4 non-randomised studies(1 non-randomised trial and 3 observational studies)were incl...performed independently by authors(Yap KY,Chi H,Ng S)identified 50 studies for full-text evaluation.Finally,12 prospective RCTs and 4 non-randomised studies(1 non-randomised trial and 3 observational studies)were included.A detailed PRISMA diagram is shown in Figure 1.The studies included were assessed for risk of bias,with a summary of the assessment shown in Figure 2 and Table 1 for trials and non-interventional studies,respectively.The PRISMA checklist is appended in Supplementary Figure 1.展开更多
Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is mar...Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is marked by a decrease in intra-and intergeneric biodiversity,which demonstrates an imbalance between helpful bacteria and possibly harmful or proinflammatory species.The early gut microbiota is influenced by the genotype of newborns with the HLADQ2 haplotypes,and this may modify how gluten is handled in the intestinal lumen,polarize innate or adaptive immune responses,and result in glutensensitive enteropathy.The outcome of gluten digestion can vary depending on the composition of the intestinal gut bacteria and the partial conversion of gluten into peptides larger than ten amino acids in the small intestines,which can be immunogenic.In the small intestine,114 different bacterial strains belonging to 32 different species have 27 of them exhibiting peptidolytic activity.Thus,the individual risk of developing a gluten-related illness is further influenced by microbial composition and gluten degrading capacity.The conclusion that lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium spp.may be used as a probiotic supplement in CD patients is based on their shared possession of the most extensive peptidolytic and proteolytic activity thought to be engaged in the breakdown of gluten among all potential bacterial genera present in the gut microbiota.In children with CD autoimmunity,daily oral dose of Lactobacillus.plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus.paracasei 8700:2 was found to modify the peripheral immune response.Bifidobacterium.breve strains have demonstrated a beneficial effect on reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-production in CD children on gluten-free diets.展开更多
A trial on Acacia albida leaf supplementation on reproductive parameters and pre-weaning growth of Arabian lambs was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021 at the small ruminant station of the Livestock Research In...A trial on Acacia albida leaf supplementation on reproductive parameters and pre-weaning growth of Arabian lambs was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021 at the small ruminant station of the Livestock Research Institute for Development (IRED) in N’Djamena, Chad. Forty-eight (48) Arabian sheep (45 non-pregnant females and 3 males for a sex ratio of 1 ram to 15 ewes) with an average weight of 20.3 ± 1.2 kg and aged approximately 2 years were divided into 3 groups of 15 ewes each. The supplemented group received in addition to the dominant forage of the pasture (300 g of Dactyloctenium aegyptium + 300 g of Cenchrus ciliaris + 600 g of Panicum maximum), 400 g and 600 g of Acacia albida leaves/animal/day while the control group received only 300 g of Dactyloctenium aegyptium + 300 g of Cenchrus ciliaris + 600 g of Panicum maximum. From the results of this study, it appears that the ewes that received 400 g of Acacia albida leaves had a significantly higher fertility rate and birth mortality rate (93.03% and 6.25% respectively). Animals in the control group had a significantly higher pre-weaning mortality rate than those receiving Acacia albida leaves as a supplement (16.66% versus 6.66% and 14.28% respectively). The highest weight of the lambs was observed in the ration supplemented with 600 g of Acacia albida leaves (12209.66 g). The total weight gain, as well as the average daily weight gain of the lambs receiving the 600 g Acacia albida leaf ration was significantly higher than those of the other rations. Supplementation with 400 g and 600 g of Acacia albida leaves can be recommended as a protein supplement for breeding ewes and pre-weaned lambs.展开更多
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effect of maternal supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Scb) from late gestation until the end of lactation on ...The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effect of maternal supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Scb) from late gestation until the end of lactation on the immune phenotype of her progeny. Eighteen sows were fed 2 boluses per day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CMCN-1079 (probiotic;PRO, n = 9) or placebo (CON, n = 9) starting at gestational day (GD) 84 and continuing until 21 days post-farrowing (end of lactation). Sow blood samples were collected every 7 days post-supplementation during gestation and 24-h post-farrowing and end of lactation. Blood samples were taken from 84 female pigs (n = 42 per sow treatment group) at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days old to assess innate and adaptive immune measures. Minimal effects of Scb supplementation were found on sow immune status during gestation and lactation, except for PRO-treated sows that had enhanced neutrophil function (P and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation after 51 days of treatment (P < 0.0001). Overall, pigs from PRO-treated sows had higher C5a- and IL-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis, NK cytotoxicity, and mitogen-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation than those from CON sows (P inimal effect on the sows but postnatal maternal exposure to Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii supplementation modulated the immune status of the progeny beyond the lactation period resulting in those from PRO-treated sows having more enhanced neutrophil function and B-cell proliferative response in the short term. Therefore, these data imply that including yeast probiotics in maternal diets may have carry-over effects in priming offspring’s immune function, especially neutrophil function and B-cell proliferation in the short term.展开更多
Background: Anemia is mainly attributed to nutritional deficiency, especially iron deficiency, which predominates during pregnancy, and is associated with parasitic diseases such as malaria and intestinal parasitosis,...Background: Anemia is mainly attributed to nutritional deficiency, especially iron deficiency, which predominates during pregnancy, and is associated with parasitic diseases such as malaria and intestinal parasitosis, acute or chronic diseases such as sickle cell disease, tuberculosis, HIV infection and various micronutrients disorders. It is associated with an increased risk of low birth weight and prematurity and can contribute to impaired cognitive development in early childhood, as well as to maternal mortality. The impact on the fetus is even greater if maternal anemia onset is at an early stage, or prior to pregnancy. Iron salts, such as sulfate or fumarate, are widely used in the treatment of gravidic anemia, but due to various gastrointestinal side effects, many pregnant women are not compliant with treatment. Sodium iron EDTA, on the other hand, is highly absorbable and bioavailable. The latter improves hematological values and appears to be free from the usual iron-related side effects, hence compliance with this supplementation. Objectives: To evaluate the evolution of hemoglobin levels after sodium iron EDTA supplementation at the university Clinics of Kinshasa, to determine the frequency of gravidic anemia, the dose-dependent benefit of sodium iron EDTA supplementation in pregnant women and to identify factors associated with insufficient hemoglobin gain after supplementation. Methods: This longitudinal cohort will take place in the gynecology department of the University Clinics of Kinshasa from September 2022 to August 2023 and will include at least 54 pregnant women with anemia. Conclusion: The study will enable us to better assess the benefits of sodium iron EDTA in improving hematological values, as well as its tolerability in pregnant women suffering from anemia during pregnancy in our environment.展开更多
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS)is a hormone produced by the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland and the ovaries.Initially considered as an inert compound merely serving as an intermediate in the conversion of ...Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS)is a hormone produced by the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland and the ovaries.Initially considered as an inert compound merely serving as an intermediate in the conversion of cholesterol to androgens,interest in DHEA began to grow in the 1960s when it was found that DHEAS is the most abundant steroid hormone in human plasma and that its levels decline with age.In many countries,DHEA is considered a nutritional supplement.It has been used for a multitude of conditions which include sexual dysfunction,infertility,genitourinary syndrome of menopause,musculoskeletal disorders,cardiovascular diseases,ageing,neurological diseases,autoimmune conditions,adrenal insufficiency,and anorexia nervosa.We describe an overview of the historical evolution of DHEA,its physiology,and the disease states where it has been evaluated as a supplement.展开更多
Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed t...Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed to assess the level of compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation(IFAS)and identify associated factors among mothers receiving prenatal services in Lira district,Uganda.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Lira Regional Referral Hospital,involving 252 pregnant mothers.Adherence levels to IFAS were evaluated using a visual analogue scale,and associated factors were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire.The data were analyzed using SPSS software,and the results were presented in tables.Results:Only 46%of the mothers attending the antenatal clinic adhered to IFAS during the 30 days preceding the study.Participants who had good knowledge of IFAS before recruitment(odds ratio(OR)1.49,95%confidence interval(CI)1.12–1.97),utilized reminder techniques(OR 1.05,95%CI 1.02–1.09),and received support from their partners or relatives(OR 1.56,95%CI 1.07–2.29)were more likely to have good adherence.The main reasons for missing IFAS were forgetfulness and fear of taking too many tablets.Conclusions:There was a low adherence rate to IFAS among mothers attending antenatal clinics in Lira district.Further investigations are recommended to identify barriers to adherence,and comprehensive health education programs should be provided to pregnant mothers.展开更多
Few effective treatments for chronic Keshan disease have been available till now.The efficacy of long-term selenium supplementation in the treatment of chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure is inconclus...Few effective treatments for chronic Keshan disease have been available till now.The efficacy of long-term selenium supplementation in the treatment of chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure is inconclusive.This study aimed to determine whether selenium supplementation is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac death in chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure by ten years of follow-up.A retrospective long-term follow-up analysis was performed on a monitored cohort consisting of 302 chronic Keshan disease patients with a mean age of 40.8±11.4 years.Of the 302 chronic Keshan disease patients,170(56.3%)were given selenium supplementation until the end point of follow-up.Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the independent predictors of cardiac events.Our results showed that during the follow-up,there were 101 deaths of patients with chronic Keshan disease in the selenium supplementation group(101/170,59.4%)and 98 in non-selenium supplementation group(98/132,74.2%).Multivariate analyses suggested that selenium supplementation was associated with a decreased risk of cardiac death(HR 0.39,95%CI 0.28-0.53)after adjustment for baseline age,sex,cigarette smoking,family history of Keshan disease,body mass index(BMI),heart rate,electrocardiogram(ECG)abnonnalities,blood pressure,initial cardiothoracic ratio,left ventricular可ection fractions(LVEF)and whole-blood selenium concentration.Our ten-year follow-up analysis indicated that selenium supplementation,specifically combined with the use of angiotensinconverting cnzyme inhibitor and beta blocker therapy,improved the survival of patients with chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure.BMI,selenium deficiency,male,combined ECG abnonnalities,LVEF,and fast heart rate increased the risk of cardiac events.展开更多
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Molasses-Urea Supplementation(MUS)on weight gain,ruminal fermentation and major microbial populations in sheep on a winter grazing regime in Inner Mongo...The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Molasses-Urea Supplementation(MUS)on weight gain,ruminal fermentation and major microbial populations in sheep on a winter grazing regime in Inner Mongolia.Total 40 sheep,allowed free consumption of MUS after grazing,served as a treatment group,while 30 sheep,fed only by pasture grazing,served as a control group.Ruminal fermentation parameters,consisted of p H,Bacterial Crude Protein(BCP)and ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N)were measured.In addition,numbers of fi ve symbiotic bacteria were investigated.The results showed as follows:the average daily weight gain,concentration of NH_3-N and numbers of protozoa were signifi cantly higher(p<0.05)in the treatment group than those in the control group.Contrastingly,no signifi cant difference was found in BCP concentration and p H between the two groups.At the end of the experiment,the populations of Selenomonas ruminantium,Anaerovibrio lipolytica,Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus fl aveciens and Ruminococcus albus in the treatment group were signifi cantly higher than those of the control group(p<0.05).These results demonstrated that greater weight gain could be induced during winter in Inner Mongolia by improved nutritional status through promotion of microbial populations using urea and sugar.展开更多
The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% and 95%...The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% and 95% wheat flour supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder respectively. The bread samples were allowed to cool at ambient temperature (30℃± 1℃) and analysed for some physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory attributes. Moringa leaf powder addition significantly (p % to 3.28%), ash (1.10% to 1.65%), protein (9.07% to 13.97%), and ether extract (1.51% to 2.59%), while decreasing moisture content (35.20% to 27.65%). Moringa leaf powder supplementation also significantly (p cm3, 32.32 to 25.65 g, 7.00 to 5.83 cm and 4.70 to 2.65 cm3/g respectively, while the loaf weight increased from 169.20 to 185.86 g. There was a significant (p mg/100g and 0.02 to 3.27 mg/100g respectively, while Iron (Fe) and Cupper (Cu) contents decreased from 2.74 to 1.25 mg/100g and 2.26 to 0.03 mg/100g respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that although there was significant (p Moringa supplementation. This implies that despite the high nutrient content of Moringa oleifera powder, it is not a good substitute for wheat in bread production due to its physical characteristics and sensory attributes.展开更多
Validated procedures play an important role to obtain accurate information about individual amino acid requirement data. The aim of the present study was to assess lysine (Lys) requirement of growing chicken both by c...Validated procedures play an important role to obtain accurate information about individual amino acid requirement data. The aim of the present study was to assess lysine (Lys) requirement of growing chicken both by classical supplementation technique and principles of diet dilution technique as applied with “Goettingen approach”. During the starter period (1 - 21 d), a growth study with male meat type chicken (Ross 308) was conducted making use of five graded dietary Lys-levels (3 repetition boxes with 3 birds/box). L-Lys×HCl was gradually added to a diet based on wheat, soybean protein concentrate, wheat gluten and fishmeal to yield 80%, 87.5%, 95%, 102.5% and 110% of the expected requirement level (13 g Lys/kg as fed). Diets were iso-energetic (12.8 MJME/kg) and iso-nitrogenous (21.65% crude protein). Birds were fed on free choice level also to assess the feed intake (FI) effects as important factor on traditional response criteria. Analyzed body composition at start and end of the growth study yielded N deposition (ND) data for further data assessment using exponential approximations depending on dietary Lys content or observed Lys intake. The results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in response on body weight gain (BWG) and observed dietary protein quality with unexpected consequences for the derived Lys requirement data. According to the independent variable (Lys in % of diet versus daily Lys intake) and aimed level of daily ND, the needed in-feed content of Lys varied between 1.24% and 1.46%. Application of the exponential modelling by “Goettingen approach” overcame these misleading conclusions by modelling the relationship between required Lys intake and observed response data (BWG, ND) taking also into account the expected real feed intake to formulate the needed in-feed concentration.展开更多
BACKGROUND Severe hypocalcemia(SH)is a dreaded complication of total parathyroidectomy(TPTX)without auto-transplantation.AIM To compare conventional and preventive calcium supplementation(CS)regimens in terms of SH oc...BACKGROUND Severe hypocalcemia(SH)is a dreaded complication of total parathyroidectomy(TPTX)without auto-transplantation.AIM To compare conventional and preventive calcium supplementation(CS)regimens in terms of SH occurrence after TPTX.METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent TPTX between January 2015 and May 2018 at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital.From January 2015 to May 2016,conventional CS was performed in patients who underwent TPTX,with calcium amounts adjusted according to postoperative serum calcium levels.From October 2016 to May 2018,preventive CS was performed according to preoperative alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels.The patients were defined as lowrisk(ALP<500 U/L)and high-risk(ALP>500 U/L)for SH.All preoperative blood samples were collected in the fasting state on the day before surgery.Postoperative blood samples were obtained at 6-7 AM from the first postoperative day.RESULTS A total of 271 patients were included.These patients were 47.7±11.1 years old,and 57.6%were male.Their mean body mass index(BMI)was 22.9±3.8 kg/m^(2).There were no significant differences in sex,age,BMI,preoperative ALP,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,calcium-phosphorus ratio,and intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH)between the two CS groups.Compared with conventional CS,preventive CS led to lower occurrence rates of hypocalcemia within 48 h(46.0%vs 74.5%,P<0.001)and SH(31.7%vs 64.1%,P<0.001).Multivariable analysis showed that preoperative iPTH levelsodds ratio(OR)=1.001,95%confidence interval(CI:1.000-1.001,P=0.009),preoperative ALP amounts(OR=1.002,95%CI:1.001-1.003,P=0.002),preoperative serum phosphorus levels(OR=8.729,95%CI:1.518-50.216,P=0.015)and preventive CS(OR=0.132,95%CI:0.067-0.261,P<0.001)were independently associated with SH.In patients with preoperative ALP≥500 U/L,only preventive CS(OR=0.147,95%CI:0.038-0.562.P=0.005)was independently associated with SH.CONCLUSION This study suggests that preventive CS could reduce the occurrence of SH,indicating its critical value for hypocalcemia after TPTX.展开更多
Background: Although the role of vitamin A in childhood pneumonia in association with diarrhea is not fully proven, we did not find any published data demonstrating the impact of lack of vitamin A supplementation in u...Background: Although the role of vitamin A in childhood pneumonia in association with diarrhea is not fully proven, we did not find any published data demonstrating the impact of lack of vitamin A supplementation in under-five children who present with the co-morbidities of pneumonia and diarrhea. This study examined whether previous vitamin A supplementation was associated with reduced severity and duration of diarrhea and pneumonia for children presenting with both illnesses. Methods: All admitted children (n = 189) aged 0 - 59 months to the Special Care Ward of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b with diarrhea and radiological pneumonia from September-December 2007 were enrolled. We compared clinical features of the children who received (n = 96) and did not receive (n = 93) high potency capsule vitamin A supplementation during previous immunization according to EPI schedule. Results: In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders such as respiratory rate, lower chest wall in-drawing, severe wasting and systolic blood pressure, vitamin A non-supplemented children with pneumonia and diarrhea more often presented in their early infancy (95% CI 1.01 - 1.09), had duration of diarrhea for >4 days (95% CI 1.79 - 11.88), had clinical dehydration (95% CI 1.2 - 5.63), and more often required hospitalization for >7 days (95% CI 1.03 - 8.87). But, there was no significant difference in the clinical features of pneumonia, such as history of cough, respiratory rate, lower chest wall in-drawing, nasal flaring, head nodding, grunting respiration, cyanosis, and inability to drink between the groups. Conclusion: Lack of vitamin A supplementation in under-five children with radiological pneumonia and diarrhea is independently associated with young infancy, duration of diarrhea for >4 days, dehydration and hospitalization for >7 days which underscores the importance of routine supplementation of vitamin A in young infancy. However, lack of vitamin A supplementation did not influence any clinical signs of pneumonia.展开更多
Aim: To evaluate the benefits and hazards of routine progesterone supplementation in threatened abortion and whether it is a sound practice or not. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gyn...Aim: To evaluate the benefits and hazards of routine progesterone supplementation in threatened abortion and whether it is a sound practice or not. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tanta University in the period from January 2018 to December 2018. Eligible patients (n = 190) were randomly allocated into 2 groups: study group who will receive progesterone supplementation (prog. group) and control group who will receive no treatment (place. group). Results: No significant differences were found between both groups regarding all demographic data and pregnancy characteristics. Abortions were higher in place. group 17 (23.94%) than in prog. group 12 (16.44%) with no significant difference p value = 0.263. The incidence of preterm labour was also higher in the place. group 22 (30.99%) in comparison to the prog. group 17 (23.29%) with no significant difference p value = 0.300. Conclusion: Progesterone supplementation in threatened abortion was not beneficial although it reduced abortion and preterm labour rates.展开更多
The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding three levels (T3.5, T7.0 and T10.5) of energy concentrate (3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 kg cow-1 day-1) on total dry matter (DM) and energy intakes, milk yie...The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding three levels (T3.5, T7.0 and T10.5) of energy concentrate (3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 kg cow-1 day-1) on total dry matter (DM) and energy intakes, milk yield and composition, nutritional value of milk and rumen pasture neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion in grazing dairy cows. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (70.2 ± 13 days postpartum) producing 37.1 (±4.7) kg of milk were assigned to a 3 treatments (7 cows/treatment) × 3 periods Latin square design. Parameters of ruminal environment and pasture NDF degradation were obtained using 3 additional cows of the same breed fitted with rumen cannulae. On a wet basis, concentrate was composed by corn grain (68%), soybean meal (22%), wheat bran (8%) and a vitamin-mineral nucleus with monensin. Pasture (Medicago sativa, sp) was used in a rotational grazing system with an herbage allowance of 30 kg DM cow-1 d-1. Yield (kg cow-1 d-1) of fat corrected milk (4% FCM) resulted higher (p < 0.05) in T7.0 (29.0) compared to T3.5 (26.8) but similar to T10.5 (30.2). Milk and protein yields were linearly increased (p < 0.01) by concentrate intake. Milk fat (3.13 g/100g) and total solid contents (11.79 g/100g) did not differ whereas milk protein (p < 0.03) and casein (p < 0.01) levels (g/100g) increased linearly from 3.05 to 3.10 (protein) and from 2.42 to 2.47 (casein). Pasture intake decreased but total DM and energy consumption were enhanced showing addition effects after concentrate feeding. Body weight (BW) loss and plasmatic levels of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) decreased with concentrate intake. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were higher (p < 0.05) in T10.5 while those of glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, insulin and somatotrophin were not affected. Ruminal pH and acetate concentration resulted lower (p < 0.05) in T10.5 when compared to T3.5. The acetate:propionate ratio decreased (p < 0.01) from 4.25 in T3.5 to 3.08 in T10.5 and ruminal ammonia nitrogen levels tended (p < 0.07) to be lower as concentrate intake increased. Kinetics parameters of NDF degradation remained unchanged. The potential hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (FA) of milk (C12:0 to C16:0.) remained unchanged as concentrate intake increased. Milk content of linolenic acid decreased and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased with concentrate intake from 1.56 (T3.5) to 2.57 (T10.5) remaining below the recommended values for human health (<4:1). Milk content of antioxidant vitamins was not significantly altered even when pasture DM intake fall in T10.5 compared to T3.5. Increased consumption of a starch-rich concentrate up to 40% of DM intake of cows showed additive effects on total DM and energy intakes improving milk yield, milk protein and casein contents without negative effects on milk fat concentration or yield. Pasture fiber digestion and nutritional parameters linked to healthy value of milk fat were not affected.展开更多
Background:?Due to maternal and fetal physiologic demand, the rate along with amplitude of anemia is expected to rise over pregnancy. The iron and oxidative status also are expected to vary accordingly. It is thus ass...Background:?Due to maternal and fetal physiologic demand, the rate along with amplitude of anemia is expected to rise over pregnancy. The iron and oxidative status also are expected to vary accordingly. It is thus assumed that iron supplementation will somewhat modify the profile observed in markers of iron and oxidative status of our series. Objectives: We aimed to measure variations of indices of iron and oxidative status of iron supplemented women over pregnancy. Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort of 74 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy whose baseline iron and oxidative status have been recently assessed at University Clinics of Kinshasa, DR Congo. Women with anemia (Hb < 10 g%) took iron for curative purposes (320 mg/day of ferric ammonium citrate) while the others received preventive iron supplementation (160 mg/day). Iron was associated with 15 mg folate/day. Nutritional iron intake was measured through a 24-hour recall using a questionnaire of common foods, including stuffs and habits likely to impede iron absorption. Biological parameters of iron and oxidative status included hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin, serum iron, transferrin, superoxide dismutase or SOD, uric acid, oxidized LDL and blood glucose. For statistical calculations we used t-test, chi-square test, ANOVAR and regression, the significance being stated at p Results: Trimester wise evolution of hematologic status in anemic women shows a rise in values of hemoglobin (+average 1 gr/dl) and hematocrit (+3%) throughout pregnancy, with significant change only between recruitment and 28 - 32 weeks. In non anemic women a significant decrease was observed, although levels remained normal. For ferritin (7.5 - 53 ng/mL from recruitment to term) and transferrin (107 - 157 g/L), significant rise was found in anemic women from recruitment to 28 - 32 weeks, while in non anemic notable change occurred only for transferrin (133 - 204 g/L). Serum iron significantly increased (53 - 83 μg/dL) from recruitment to 28 - 32 weeks in anemic women only. So, following supplementation, values of blood parameters tended to be similar for both goups at term. Non anemic women did not benefit from supplementation. SOD decreased and LDL values increased alongside supplementation. This represents a growing oxidant threat for both anemic and non anemic women. This could be related to iron overload and/or unabsorbed iron. Conclusion: Iron supplementation improved iron status in anemic women, not in non anemic. Differences that were significant between groups at recruitment disappeared by 28 - 32 weeks. Non anemic women did not benefit from supplementation. SOD decreased and LDL values increased alongside supplementation. This represents a growing oxidant threat for both anemic and non anemic women. This could be related to iron overload and/or unabsorbed iron. Doses of iron should be decreased (at least halved) and duration of treatment restricted to not more than 12 weeks.展开更多
基金supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.PJ015039032023)Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘Background This study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses,oxidative stress reduction,and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves(123.81±9.76 kg;5 months old)during short-term heat stress(HS)and recovery periods.Eight Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatment groups:no mineral supplementation(Con),inorganic minerals(IM),organic minerals(OM),and high-concentration organic minerals(HOM)and two thermal environments(HS and recovery)using 4×2 factorial arrangement in a crossover design of four periods of 35 d.Calves were maintained in a temperature-controlled barn.The experimental period consisted of 14 d of HS,14 d of recovery condititon,and a 7-d washing period.Results Body temperature and respiration rate were higher in HS than in the recovery conditions(P<0.05).Selenium concentration in serum was high in the HOM-supplemented calves in both HS(90.38μg/dL)and recovery periods(102.00μg/dL)(P<0.05).During the HS period,the serum cortisol was 20.26 ng/mL in the HOM group,which was 5.60 ng/mL lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The total antioxidant status was the highest in the OM group(2.71 mmol Trolox equivalent/L),followed by the HOM group during HS,whereas it was highest in the HOM group(2.58 mmol Trolox equivalent/L)during the recovery period(P<0.05).Plasma malondialdehyde and HSP70 levels were decreased by HOM supplementation during the HS and recovery periods,whereas SOD and GPX levels were not significantly affected(P>0.05).The principal coordinate analysis represented that the overall rumen microbiota was not influenced by mineral supplementation;however,temperature-induced microbial structure shifts were indicated(PERMANOVA:P<0.05).At the phylum level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased,whereas Fibrobacteres,Spirochaetes,and Tenericutes increased(P<0.05),under HS conditions.The genus Treponema increased under HS conditions,while Christensenella was higher in recovery conditions(P<0.05).Conclusion HOM supplementation during HS reduced cortisol concentrations and increased total antioxidant status in Holstein bull calves,suggesting that high organic mineral supplementation may alleviate the adverse effects of HS.
文摘Malaria presents a significant global public health challenge,with severe malarial anaemia being a primary manifestation of the disease.The understanding of anaemia caused by malaria remains incomplete,making the treatment more complex.Iron is a crucial micronutrient essential for haemoglobin synthesis,oxygen delivery,and other vital metabolic functions in the body.It is indispensable for the growth of human beings,as well as bacteria,protozoa,and viruses in vitro and in vivo.Iron deficiency is among the most common nutritional deficiencies and can have detrimental effects during developmental stages of life.Malaria-induced iron deficiency occurs due to the hemolysis of erythrocytes and the suppression of erythropoiesis,leading to anaemia.Meeting iron requirements is particularly critical during pivotal life stages such as pregnancy,infancy,and childhood.Dietary intake alone may not suffice to meet adequate iron requirements,thus highlighting the vital role of iron supplementation.While iron supplementation can alleviate iron deficiency,it can exacerbate malaria infection by providing additional iron for the parasites.However,in the context of pregnancy and childhood,iron supplementation combined with malaria prevention and treatment has been shown to be beneficial in improving birth outcomes and ensuring proper growth and development,respectively.This review aims to identify the role and impact of iron supplementation in malaria infection during the life stages of pregnancy and childhood.
基金This work was funded by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Project(2021BEF02004),Central Finance Forestry Reform and Development Fund“Forest Seed Cultivation”.
文摘Goji berry(Lycium barbarum L.)is substantially dependent on nitrogen fertilizer application,which can signifi-cantly enhance fruit yield and Goji berry industrial development in Ningxia,China.This study aimed to analyze the functions of differential nitrogen application rates including low(N1),medium(N2),and high(N3)levels in soil microbial community structure(bacterial and fungal)at 2 diverse soil depths(0-20,20-40 cm)through high-throughput sequencing technology by targeting 16S RNA gene and ITS1&ITS2 regions.All the observed physicochemical parameters exhibited significant improvement(p<0.05)with increased levels of nitrogen and the highest values for most parameters were observed at N2.However,pH decreased(p<0.05)gradually.The alpha and beta diversity analyses for bacterial and fungal communities’metagenome displayed more similarities than differences among all groups.The top bacterial and fungal phyla and genera suggested no obvious(p>0.05)differences among three group treatments(N1,N2,and N3).Furthermore,the functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant(p<0.05)enrichment of quorum sensing,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and transcriptional machinery for bacterial communities,while various saprotrophic functional roles for fungal communities.Conclusively,moderately reducing the use of N-supplemented fertilizers is conducive to increasing soil nitrogen utilization rate,which can contribute to sustainable agriculture practices through improved soil quality,and microbial community structure and functions.
基金the Barcelo Foundation for the financial contribution.
文摘This present study was conducted to evaluate the metabolic effects of isolated fi ber of carrot supplementation in rats.Physicochemical properties of fi ber were determined.The groups were as follows:animals fed a standard diet,control group;high fi ber supplementation(70 mg);low fi ber supplementation(35 mg);for 12 weeks.Blood samples were collected at the time of sacrifi ce.The weights of heart,liver,kidneys and spleen of the experimental rats with respect to body weight were recorded.Commercial kits were used to determine serum glucose concentration,lipid profi le(cholesterol,HDL-cholesterol,triglycerides),and the two main aminotransferases glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)/glutamate-pyruvate transaminase(GPT).A histopathological assay was performed on the heart,liver,and spleen tissues of animals.Supplementation with fi ber favors weight loss in female((242.03±23.73)-(197.81±10.45)g);and male rats((262.50±32.21)-(213.96±12.56)g and induces a decrease in glucose levels in the supplemented animals.With the exception of total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,the other lipid fractions decrease signifi cantly in rats supplemented.Fiber supplementation did not induce changes in the dissected organs of the supplemented animals.In conclusion supplementation of fiber,improves glucose control,lower plasma lipid concentrations and reduced body weight in normal rats.
文摘performed independently by authors(Yap KY,Chi H,Ng S)identified 50 studies for full-text evaluation.Finally,12 prospective RCTs and 4 non-randomised studies(1 non-randomised trial and 3 observational studies)were included.A detailed PRISMA diagram is shown in Figure 1.The studies included were assessed for risk of bias,with a summary of the assessment shown in Figure 2 and Table 1 for trials and non-interventional studies,respectively.The PRISMA checklist is appended in Supplementary Figure 1.
文摘Patients with celiac disease(CD)have a mucosal layer that is unable to regulate the gut microbiota,leaving the host vulnerable to dangerous infections and antigens.When compared to healthy people,this dysbiosis is marked by a decrease in intra-and intergeneric biodiversity,which demonstrates an imbalance between helpful bacteria and possibly harmful or proinflammatory species.The early gut microbiota is influenced by the genotype of newborns with the HLADQ2 haplotypes,and this may modify how gluten is handled in the intestinal lumen,polarize innate or adaptive immune responses,and result in glutensensitive enteropathy.The outcome of gluten digestion can vary depending on the composition of the intestinal gut bacteria and the partial conversion of gluten into peptides larger than ten amino acids in the small intestines,which can be immunogenic.In the small intestine,114 different bacterial strains belonging to 32 different species have 27 of them exhibiting peptidolytic activity.Thus,the individual risk of developing a gluten-related illness is further influenced by microbial composition and gluten degrading capacity.The conclusion that lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium spp.may be used as a probiotic supplement in CD patients is based on their shared possession of the most extensive peptidolytic and proteolytic activity thought to be engaged in the breakdown of gluten among all potential bacterial genera present in the gut microbiota.In children with CD autoimmunity,daily oral dose of Lactobacillus.plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus.paracasei 8700:2 was found to modify the peripheral immune response.Bifidobacterium.breve strains have demonstrated a beneficial effect on reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-production in CD children on gluten-free diets.
文摘A trial on Acacia albida leaf supplementation on reproductive parameters and pre-weaning growth of Arabian lambs was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021 at the small ruminant station of the Livestock Research Institute for Development (IRED) in N’Djamena, Chad. Forty-eight (48) Arabian sheep (45 non-pregnant females and 3 males for a sex ratio of 1 ram to 15 ewes) with an average weight of 20.3 ± 1.2 kg and aged approximately 2 years were divided into 3 groups of 15 ewes each. The supplemented group received in addition to the dominant forage of the pasture (300 g of Dactyloctenium aegyptium + 300 g of Cenchrus ciliaris + 600 g of Panicum maximum), 400 g and 600 g of Acacia albida leaves/animal/day while the control group received only 300 g of Dactyloctenium aegyptium + 300 g of Cenchrus ciliaris + 600 g of Panicum maximum. From the results of this study, it appears that the ewes that received 400 g of Acacia albida leaves had a significantly higher fertility rate and birth mortality rate (93.03% and 6.25% respectively). Animals in the control group had a significantly higher pre-weaning mortality rate than those receiving Acacia albida leaves as a supplement (16.66% versus 6.66% and 14.28% respectively). The highest weight of the lambs was observed in the ration supplemented with 600 g of Acacia albida leaves (12209.66 g). The total weight gain, as well as the average daily weight gain of the lambs receiving the 600 g Acacia albida leaf ration was significantly higher than those of the other rations. Supplementation with 400 g and 600 g of Acacia albida leaves can be recommended as a protein supplement for breeding ewes and pre-weaned lambs.
文摘The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effect of maternal supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Scb) from late gestation until the end of lactation on the immune phenotype of her progeny. Eighteen sows were fed 2 boluses per day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CMCN-1079 (probiotic;PRO, n = 9) or placebo (CON, n = 9) starting at gestational day (GD) 84 and continuing until 21 days post-farrowing (end of lactation). Sow blood samples were collected every 7 days post-supplementation during gestation and 24-h post-farrowing and end of lactation. Blood samples were taken from 84 female pigs (n = 42 per sow treatment group) at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days old to assess innate and adaptive immune measures. Minimal effects of Scb supplementation were found on sow immune status during gestation and lactation, except for PRO-treated sows that had enhanced neutrophil function (P and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation after 51 days of treatment (P < 0.0001). Overall, pigs from PRO-treated sows had higher C5a- and IL-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis, NK cytotoxicity, and mitogen-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation than those from CON sows (P inimal effect on the sows but postnatal maternal exposure to Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii supplementation modulated the immune status of the progeny beyond the lactation period resulting in those from PRO-treated sows having more enhanced neutrophil function and B-cell proliferative response in the short term. Therefore, these data imply that including yeast probiotics in maternal diets may have carry-over effects in priming offspring’s immune function, especially neutrophil function and B-cell proliferation in the short term.
文摘Background: Anemia is mainly attributed to nutritional deficiency, especially iron deficiency, which predominates during pregnancy, and is associated with parasitic diseases such as malaria and intestinal parasitosis, acute or chronic diseases such as sickle cell disease, tuberculosis, HIV infection and various micronutrients disorders. It is associated with an increased risk of low birth weight and prematurity and can contribute to impaired cognitive development in early childhood, as well as to maternal mortality. The impact on the fetus is even greater if maternal anemia onset is at an early stage, or prior to pregnancy. Iron salts, such as sulfate or fumarate, are widely used in the treatment of gravidic anemia, but due to various gastrointestinal side effects, many pregnant women are not compliant with treatment. Sodium iron EDTA, on the other hand, is highly absorbable and bioavailable. The latter improves hematological values and appears to be free from the usual iron-related side effects, hence compliance with this supplementation. Objectives: To evaluate the evolution of hemoglobin levels after sodium iron EDTA supplementation at the university Clinics of Kinshasa, to determine the frequency of gravidic anemia, the dose-dependent benefit of sodium iron EDTA supplementation in pregnant women and to identify factors associated with insufficient hemoglobin gain after supplementation. Methods: This longitudinal cohort will take place in the gynecology department of the University Clinics of Kinshasa from September 2022 to August 2023 and will include at least 54 pregnant women with anemia. Conclusion: The study will enable us to better assess the benefits of sodium iron EDTA in improving hematological values, as well as its tolerability in pregnant women suffering from anemia during pregnancy in our environment.
文摘Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS)is a hormone produced by the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland and the ovaries.Initially considered as an inert compound merely serving as an intermediate in the conversion of cholesterol to androgens,interest in DHEA began to grow in the 1960s when it was found that DHEAS is the most abundant steroid hormone in human plasma and that its levels decline with age.In many countries,DHEA is considered a nutritional supplement.It has been used for a multitude of conditions which include sexual dysfunction,infertility,genitourinary syndrome of menopause,musculoskeletal disorders,cardiovascular diseases,ageing,neurological diseases,autoimmune conditions,adrenal insufficiency,and anorexia nervosa.We describe an overview of the historical evolution of DHEA,its physiology,and the disease states where it has been evaluated as a supplement.
文摘Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed to assess the level of compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation(IFAS)and identify associated factors among mothers receiving prenatal services in Lira district,Uganda.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Lira Regional Referral Hospital,involving 252 pregnant mothers.Adherence levels to IFAS were evaluated using a visual analogue scale,and associated factors were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire.The data were analyzed using SPSS software,and the results were presented in tables.Results:Only 46%of the mothers attending the antenatal clinic adhered to IFAS during the 30 days preceding the study.Participants who had good knowledge of IFAS before recruitment(odds ratio(OR)1.49,95%confidence interval(CI)1.12–1.97),utilized reminder techniques(OR 1.05,95%CI 1.02–1.09),and received support from their partners or relatives(OR 1.56,95%CI 1.07–2.29)were more likely to have good adherence.The main reasons for missing IFAS were forgetfulness and fear of taking too many tablets.Conclusions:There was a low adherence rate to IFAS among mothers attending antenatal clinics in Lira district.Further investigations are recommended to identify barriers to adherence,and comprehensive health education programs should be provided to pregnant mothers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81441016,81273008).
文摘Few effective treatments for chronic Keshan disease have been available till now.The efficacy of long-term selenium supplementation in the treatment of chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure is inconclusive.This study aimed to determine whether selenium supplementation is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac death in chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure by ten years of follow-up.A retrospective long-term follow-up analysis was performed on a monitored cohort consisting of 302 chronic Keshan disease patients with a mean age of 40.8±11.4 years.Of the 302 chronic Keshan disease patients,170(56.3%)were given selenium supplementation until the end point of follow-up.Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the independent predictors of cardiac events.Our results showed that during the follow-up,there were 101 deaths of patients with chronic Keshan disease in the selenium supplementation group(101/170,59.4%)and 98 in non-selenium supplementation group(98/132,74.2%).Multivariate analyses suggested that selenium supplementation was associated with a decreased risk of cardiac death(HR 0.39,95%CI 0.28-0.53)after adjustment for baseline age,sex,cigarette smoking,family history of Keshan disease,body mass index(BMI),heart rate,electrocardiogram(ECG)abnonnalities,blood pressure,initial cardiothoracic ratio,left ventricular可ection fractions(LVEF)and whole-blood selenium concentration.Our ten-year follow-up analysis indicated that selenium supplementation,specifically combined with the use of angiotensinconverting cnzyme inhibitor and beta blocker therapy,improved the survival of patients with chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure.BMI,selenium deficiency,male,combined ECG abnonnalities,LVEF,and fast heart rate increased the risk of cardiac events.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31460615)the Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System(CARS-39)
文摘The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Molasses-Urea Supplementation(MUS)on weight gain,ruminal fermentation and major microbial populations in sheep on a winter grazing regime in Inner Mongolia.Total 40 sheep,allowed free consumption of MUS after grazing,served as a treatment group,while 30 sheep,fed only by pasture grazing,served as a control group.Ruminal fermentation parameters,consisted of p H,Bacterial Crude Protein(BCP)and ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N)were measured.In addition,numbers of fi ve symbiotic bacteria were investigated.The results showed as follows:the average daily weight gain,concentration of NH_3-N and numbers of protozoa were signifi cantly higher(p<0.05)in the treatment group than those in the control group.Contrastingly,no signifi cant difference was found in BCP concentration and p H between the two groups.At the end of the experiment,the populations of Selenomonas ruminantium,Anaerovibrio lipolytica,Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus fl aveciens and Ruminococcus albus in the treatment group were signifi cantly higher than those of the control group(p<0.05).These results demonstrated that greater weight gain could be induced during winter in Inner Mongolia by improved nutritional status through promotion of microbial populations using urea and sugar.
文摘The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% and 95% wheat flour supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder respectively. The bread samples were allowed to cool at ambient temperature (30℃± 1℃) and analysed for some physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory attributes. Moringa leaf powder addition significantly (p % to 3.28%), ash (1.10% to 1.65%), protein (9.07% to 13.97%), and ether extract (1.51% to 2.59%), while decreasing moisture content (35.20% to 27.65%). Moringa leaf powder supplementation also significantly (p cm3, 32.32 to 25.65 g, 7.00 to 5.83 cm and 4.70 to 2.65 cm3/g respectively, while the loaf weight increased from 169.20 to 185.86 g. There was a significant (p mg/100g and 0.02 to 3.27 mg/100g respectively, while Iron (Fe) and Cupper (Cu) contents decreased from 2.74 to 1.25 mg/100g and 2.26 to 0.03 mg/100g respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that although there was significant (p Moringa supplementation. This implies that despite the high nutrient content of Moringa oleifera powder, it is not a good substitute for wheat in bread production due to its physical characteristics and sensory attributes.
文摘Validated procedures play an important role to obtain accurate information about individual amino acid requirement data. The aim of the present study was to assess lysine (Lys) requirement of growing chicken both by classical supplementation technique and principles of diet dilution technique as applied with “Goettingen approach”. During the starter period (1 - 21 d), a growth study with male meat type chicken (Ross 308) was conducted making use of five graded dietary Lys-levels (3 repetition boxes with 3 birds/box). L-Lys×HCl was gradually added to a diet based on wheat, soybean protein concentrate, wheat gluten and fishmeal to yield 80%, 87.5%, 95%, 102.5% and 110% of the expected requirement level (13 g Lys/kg as fed). Diets were iso-energetic (12.8 MJME/kg) and iso-nitrogenous (21.65% crude protein). Birds were fed on free choice level also to assess the feed intake (FI) effects as important factor on traditional response criteria. Analyzed body composition at start and end of the growth study yielded N deposition (ND) data for further data assessment using exponential approximations depending on dietary Lys content or observed Lys intake. The results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in response on body weight gain (BWG) and observed dietary protein quality with unexpected consequences for the derived Lys requirement data. According to the independent variable (Lys in % of diet versus daily Lys intake) and aimed level of daily ND, the needed in-feed content of Lys varied between 1.24% and 1.46%. Application of the exponential modelling by “Goettingen approach” overcame these misleading conclusions by modelling the relationship between required Lys intake and observed response data (BWG, ND) taking also into account the expected real feed intake to formulate the needed in-feed concentration.
基金Supported by the Subject of Beijing Science and Technology Plan,No.Z191100006619014.
文摘BACKGROUND Severe hypocalcemia(SH)is a dreaded complication of total parathyroidectomy(TPTX)without auto-transplantation.AIM To compare conventional and preventive calcium supplementation(CS)regimens in terms of SH occurrence after TPTX.METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent TPTX between January 2015 and May 2018 at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital.From January 2015 to May 2016,conventional CS was performed in patients who underwent TPTX,with calcium amounts adjusted according to postoperative serum calcium levels.From October 2016 to May 2018,preventive CS was performed according to preoperative alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels.The patients were defined as lowrisk(ALP<500 U/L)and high-risk(ALP>500 U/L)for SH.All preoperative blood samples were collected in the fasting state on the day before surgery.Postoperative blood samples were obtained at 6-7 AM from the first postoperative day.RESULTS A total of 271 patients were included.These patients were 47.7±11.1 years old,and 57.6%were male.Their mean body mass index(BMI)was 22.9±3.8 kg/m^(2).There were no significant differences in sex,age,BMI,preoperative ALP,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,calcium-phosphorus ratio,and intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH)between the two CS groups.Compared with conventional CS,preventive CS led to lower occurrence rates of hypocalcemia within 48 h(46.0%vs 74.5%,P<0.001)and SH(31.7%vs 64.1%,P<0.001).Multivariable analysis showed that preoperative iPTH levelsodds ratio(OR)=1.001,95%confidence interval(CI:1.000-1.001,P=0.009),preoperative ALP amounts(OR=1.002,95%CI:1.001-1.003,P=0.002),preoperative serum phosphorus levels(OR=8.729,95%CI:1.518-50.216,P=0.015)and preventive CS(OR=0.132,95%CI:0.067-0.261,P<0.001)were independently associated with SH.In patients with preoperative ALP≥500 U/L,only preventive CS(OR=0.147,95%CI:0.038-0.562.P=0.005)was independently associated with SH.CONCLUSION This study suggests that preventive CS could reduce the occurrence of SH,indicating its critical value for hypocalcemia after TPTX.
文摘Background: Although the role of vitamin A in childhood pneumonia in association with diarrhea is not fully proven, we did not find any published data demonstrating the impact of lack of vitamin A supplementation in under-five children who present with the co-morbidities of pneumonia and diarrhea. This study examined whether previous vitamin A supplementation was associated with reduced severity and duration of diarrhea and pneumonia for children presenting with both illnesses. Methods: All admitted children (n = 189) aged 0 - 59 months to the Special Care Ward of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b with diarrhea and radiological pneumonia from September-December 2007 were enrolled. We compared clinical features of the children who received (n = 96) and did not receive (n = 93) high potency capsule vitamin A supplementation during previous immunization according to EPI schedule. Results: In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders such as respiratory rate, lower chest wall in-drawing, severe wasting and systolic blood pressure, vitamin A non-supplemented children with pneumonia and diarrhea more often presented in their early infancy (95% CI 1.01 - 1.09), had duration of diarrhea for >4 days (95% CI 1.79 - 11.88), had clinical dehydration (95% CI 1.2 - 5.63), and more often required hospitalization for >7 days (95% CI 1.03 - 8.87). But, there was no significant difference in the clinical features of pneumonia, such as history of cough, respiratory rate, lower chest wall in-drawing, nasal flaring, head nodding, grunting respiration, cyanosis, and inability to drink between the groups. Conclusion: Lack of vitamin A supplementation in under-five children with radiological pneumonia and diarrhea is independently associated with young infancy, duration of diarrhea for >4 days, dehydration and hospitalization for >7 days which underscores the importance of routine supplementation of vitamin A in young infancy. However, lack of vitamin A supplementation did not influence any clinical signs of pneumonia.
文摘Aim: To evaluate the benefits and hazards of routine progesterone supplementation in threatened abortion and whether it is a sound practice or not. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tanta University in the period from January 2018 to December 2018. Eligible patients (n = 190) were randomly allocated into 2 groups: study group who will receive progesterone supplementation (prog. group) and control group who will receive no treatment (place. group). Results: No significant differences were found between both groups regarding all demographic data and pregnancy characteristics. Abortions were higher in place. group 17 (23.94%) than in prog. group 12 (16.44%) with no significant difference p value = 0.263. The incidence of preterm labour was also higher in the place. group 22 (30.99%) in comparison to the prog. group 17 (23.29%) with no significant difference p value = 0.300. Conclusion: Progesterone supplementation in threatened abortion was not beneficial although it reduced abortion and preterm labour rates.
文摘The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding three levels (T3.5, T7.0 and T10.5) of energy concentrate (3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 kg cow-1 day-1) on total dry matter (DM) and energy intakes, milk yield and composition, nutritional value of milk and rumen pasture neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion in grazing dairy cows. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation (70.2 ± 13 days postpartum) producing 37.1 (±4.7) kg of milk were assigned to a 3 treatments (7 cows/treatment) × 3 periods Latin square design. Parameters of ruminal environment and pasture NDF degradation were obtained using 3 additional cows of the same breed fitted with rumen cannulae. On a wet basis, concentrate was composed by corn grain (68%), soybean meal (22%), wheat bran (8%) and a vitamin-mineral nucleus with monensin. Pasture (Medicago sativa, sp) was used in a rotational grazing system with an herbage allowance of 30 kg DM cow-1 d-1. Yield (kg cow-1 d-1) of fat corrected milk (4% FCM) resulted higher (p < 0.05) in T7.0 (29.0) compared to T3.5 (26.8) but similar to T10.5 (30.2). Milk and protein yields were linearly increased (p < 0.01) by concentrate intake. Milk fat (3.13 g/100g) and total solid contents (11.79 g/100g) did not differ whereas milk protein (p < 0.03) and casein (p < 0.01) levels (g/100g) increased linearly from 3.05 to 3.10 (protein) and from 2.42 to 2.47 (casein). Pasture intake decreased but total DM and energy consumption were enhanced showing addition effects after concentrate feeding. Body weight (BW) loss and plasmatic levels of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) decreased with concentrate intake. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were higher (p < 0.05) in T10.5 while those of glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, insulin and somatotrophin were not affected. Ruminal pH and acetate concentration resulted lower (p < 0.05) in T10.5 when compared to T3.5. The acetate:propionate ratio decreased (p < 0.01) from 4.25 in T3.5 to 3.08 in T10.5 and ruminal ammonia nitrogen levels tended (p < 0.07) to be lower as concentrate intake increased. Kinetics parameters of NDF degradation remained unchanged. The potential hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (FA) of milk (C12:0 to C16:0.) remained unchanged as concentrate intake increased. Milk content of linolenic acid decreased and the n-6:n-3 ratio increased with concentrate intake from 1.56 (T3.5) to 2.57 (T10.5) remaining below the recommended values for human health (<4:1). Milk content of antioxidant vitamins was not significantly altered even when pasture DM intake fall in T10.5 compared to T3.5. Increased consumption of a starch-rich concentrate up to 40% of DM intake of cows showed additive effects on total DM and energy intakes improving milk yield, milk protein and casein contents without negative effects on milk fat concentration or yield. Pasture fiber digestion and nutritional parameters linked to healthy value of milk fat were not affected.
文摘Background:?Due to maternal and fetal physiologic demand, the rate along with amplitude of anemia is expected to rise over pregnancy. The iron and oxidative status also are expected to vary accordingly. It is thus assumed that iron supplementation will somewhat modify the profile observed in markers of iron and oxidative status of our series. Objectives: We aimed to measure variations of indices of iron and oxidative status of iron supplemented women over pregnancy. Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort of 74 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy whose baseline iron and oxidative status have been recently assessed at University Clinics of Kinshasa, DR Congo. Women with anemia (Hb < 10 g%) took iron for curative purposes (320 mg/day of ferric ammonium citrate) while the others received preventive iron supplementation (160 mg/day). Iron was associated with 15 mg folate/day. Nutritional iron intake was measured through a 24-hour recall using a questionnaire of common foods, including stuffs and habits likely to impede iron absorption. Biological parameters of iron and oxidative status included hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin, serum iron, transferrin, superoxide dismutase or SOD, uric acid, oxidized LDL and blood glucose. For statistical calculations we used t-test, chi-square test, ANOVAR and regression, the significance being stated at p Results: Trimester wise evolution of hematologic status in anemic women shows a rise in values of hemoglobin (+average 1 gr/dl) and hematocrit (+3%) throughout pregnancy, with significant change only between recruitment and 28 - 32 weeks. In non anemic women a significant decrease was observed, although levels remained normal. For ferritin (7.5 - 53 ng/mL from recruitment to term) and transferrin (107 - 157 g/L), significant rise was found in anemic women from recruitment to 28 - 32 weeks, while in non anemic notable change occurred only for transferrin (133 - 204 g/L). Serum iron significantly increased (53 - 83 μg/dL) from recruitment to 28 - 32 weeks in anemic women only. So, following supplementation, values of blood parameters tended to be similar for both goups at term. Non anemic women did not benefit from supplementation. SOD decreased and LDL values increased alongside supplementation. This represents a growing oxidant threat for both anemic and non anemic women. This could be related to iron overload and/or unabsorbed iron. Conclusion: Iron supplementation improved iron status in anemic women, not in non anemic. Differences that were significant between groups at recruitment disappeared by 28 - 32 weeks. Non anemic women did not benefit from supplementation. SOD decreased and LDL values increased alongside supplementation. This represents a growing oxidant threat for both anemic and non anemic women. This could be related to iron overload and/or unabsorbed iron. Doses of iron should be decreased (at least halved) and duration of treatment restricted to not more than 12 weeks.
