Four novel anion-nonionic surfactants were synthesized using cashew phenol as raw material. The four structures were characterized by IR and elemental analysis. Their surface activities were investigated. Their critic...Four novel anion-nonionic surfactants were synthesized using cashew phenol as raw material. The four structures were characterized by IR and elemental analysis. Their surface activities were investigated. Their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) are 9.30 × 10 –3 mol/L, 8.50 × 10–3 mol/L, 8.10 × 10–3 mol/L and 7.71 ×–3 mol/L respectively, and the corresponding surface tensions at CMC are 28.38 mN/m, 28.60 mN/m, 30.40 mN/m and 30.00 mN/m respectively. The contact angles of the solutions on sheet galsses were measured to observe their surface wettabilities. The effects of their concentrations, the concentrations of NaCl and temperature on their foaming capacity and foam stability were studied.展开更多
Mixing hydrocarbon surfactants with fluorocarbon surfactants is still an important strategy to improve the economic benefits and performances of fluorocarbon surfactants and expand their range of application.Herein,we...Mixing hydrocarbon surfactants with fluorocarbon surfactants is still an important strategy to improve the economic benefits and performances of fluorocarbon surfactants and expand their range of application.Herein,we prepared a novel kind of hydrocarbon-fluorocarbon surfactant mixtures via mixing a cationic surfactant,cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB),with a tri-block nonionic short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant(F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9))in aqueous solution.The results showed that adding a small CTAB amount to F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9)(the molar fraction of CTAB in the mixture(x_(1))was 0.2)could greatly reduce its critical micelle concentrations(cmc)from 0.408mmol/L to 0.191 mmol/L.At this x_(1),the contact angle of the mixture was the minimum(57.7°)at 100 s on polytetrafluoroethylene film,which was even lower than that of F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9).Besides,CTAB/F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9) mixtures possessed better colloidal stability and solubilization ability toward hydrophobic dye(SudanІ)than F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9).The outstanding performances of binary surfactant mixtures benefited from the non-ideal mixing and strong synergistic effect evidence that CTAB/F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9) surfactant mixtures could be used in practical applications instead of individual F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9),thereby reducing the used cost of F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9).展开更多
A series of N-acetylated cationic gemini surfactants (3a-e) having dimeric structures derived from tertiary amines were synthesized. Their antifungal potency and surface properties were determined. It also studied the...A series of N-acetylated cationic gemini surfactants (3a-e) having dimeric structures derived from tertiary amines were synthesized. Their antifungal potency and surface properties were determined. It also studied the acute toxicity of the molecule with the best performance and the best water solubility (3e) through Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna bioassays. The results were compared to those obtained for a commercially available reference compound 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB). Parameters such as surface tension (ϒCMC), critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γ), and area per molecule (A) were determined. The resulting values indicated that the five gemini surfactants are characterized by good surface-active and self-aggregation properties. All surfactants were tested to evaluate their antifungal activity. Six fungal strains were used to conduct the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was measured by the fungal growth inhibition. The results of the MICs were compared with two commercially available reference compounds (Fluconazole and TCMTB). The least active molecule was 3e, but 3b and 3d were found to be the most potent compounds with a similar activity for all strains. Candida albicans was the most sensitive one. In contrast, Aspergillus niger was resistant. Ecotoxicity of gemini 3e was assessed: the commercial formulation (TCMTB) was between three and four orders of magnitude more toxic than the gemini one for the biological species tested.展开更多
Two non-ionic hydro-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants with and without hydroxyl groups were synthesized and compared.They exhibited good thermal stability and superior surface activity.It was observed that the hydroxyl ...Two non-ionic hydro-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants with and without hydroxyl groups were synthesized and compared.They exhibited good thermal stability and superior surface activity.It was observed that the hydroxyl group had a profound effect on modifying the surface tension of their solutions and the morphology of the formed micelles.This effect may be attributed to the rearranging of the alkane group from above the air/aqueous surface to below it and the disrupting of the interfacial water structure induced by the hydroxyl groups.This work provides a strategy to weaken the immiscibility between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains by modifying their orientational structure at the interface,thus it is helpful for the design of surfactants with varied interfacial properties.展开更多
Five new zwitterionic surfactants with long chain alkyl betaine structure incorporated with hydroxylpropyl group have been synthesized. Their structures were identified by elemental analysis, IR (HNMR)-H-1, and (CNMR)...Five new zwitterionic surfactants with long chain alkyl betaine structure incorporated with hydroxylpropyl group have been synthesized. Their structures were identified by elemental analysis, IR (HNMR)-H-1, and (CNMR)-C-13. Surface tension experiments showed that these surfactants have higher surface activity than those without hydroxypropyl group. The values of CMC and gamma(CMC) of these surfactants have been determined.展开更多
The surface tension, foaming and viscosity for C7F15COO^-N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2Hs）3-x and C8F17SO3- N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2H5）3-χ （x = 0, 1, 2, 3） were measured to systematically study the effects of hydroxyl groups...The surface tension, foaming and viscosity for C7F15COO^-N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2Hs）3-x and C8F17SO3- N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2H5）3-χ （x = 0, 1, 2, 3） were measured to systematically study the effects of hydroxyl groups in organic ammonium counterions on the properties of perfluorooctanoates and perfluorooctanesulfonates. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration （cmc） and the surface tension at cmc （γcmc） were both increased with the increase of number of hydroxyl groups （χ） in the two series. The perfluorooctanesulfonate had smaller cmc but higher γ=cmc than perfluorooctanoate with the same counterion. The minimum molecular area of surface adsorption （Amin） of C8F17zSO3^-N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2H5）3-χ were 0.64, 0.57, 0.63 and 0.72 nm^2 while the Amin values of C7F15COO^-N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2H5）3-χ were 0.61, 0.62, 0.61 and 0.71 nm^2 when χ = 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. For the investigated systems of surfactants, the results of foam expansion ratio agreed with those of surface activity, while the 25% drainage time were consistent with the results of viscosity.展开更多
The chemical structure of newly synthesized cationic surfactants based on Schiff base was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and mass spectroscopy.Th...The chemical structure of newly synthesized cationic surfactants based on Schiff base was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and mass spectroscopy.The synthesized surfactants were used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a simple one-step method.The silver nanoparticle（AgNPs） formation was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,electron diffraction（SAED）,dynamic light scattering（DLS）,and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）.The structure of the surfactant played an important role in the synthesis process.Increasing the hydrophobic chain length,the stability,and the amount of surfactant increased the quantity of AgNPs formed.The surface activity of the synthesized cationic surfactants was determined using surface tension measurements at three different temperatures.The synthesized surfactants showed a high tendency toward adsorption and micellization.Increasing the hydrophobic chain length of the synthesized surfactant increased its adsorption.Screening the synthesized cationic surfactants and their nano-form against bacteria and fungi showed that they are highly effective.The silver nanoparticles enhanced the biological activity of the synthesized cationic surfactants.展开更多
An alternative polymeric surfactant P（M3/St） was synthesized by solution polymerization of maleamic acid as hydrophilic monomer and styrene as hydrophobic monomer. Some factors that affect the yield and properties o...An alternative polymeric surfactant P（M3/St） was synthesized by solution polymerization of maleamic acid as hydrophilic monomer and styrene as hydrophobic monomer. Some factors that affect the yield and properties of the polymeric surfactant were investigated systemically. The surface tension of the polymeric surfactant reaches 37-38 mN/m. It is proved that the polymeric surfactant shows very good surface activity and emulsifying ability. The TG analysis shows that the temperature of the thermal degradation can reach 314.4 ℃. It will be used as a new type of polymeric surfactant.展开更多
Three new cationic polymerizable surfactants are synthesized by the reaction of alkylmaleic hemiester with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride. Their structures are confirmed by H-1 NMR, IR and elements analysis. The v...Three new cationic polymerizable surfactants are synthesized by the reaction of alkylmaleic hemiester with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride. Their structures are confirmed by H-1 NMR, IR and elements analysis. The values of CMC and gamma (CMC) of these surfactants have been measured. One can obtain nearly monodisperse polystyrene latex by emulsion polymerization using the polymerizable surfactant.展开更多
文摘Four novel anion-nonionic surfactants were synthesized using cashew phenol as raw material. The four structures were characterized by IR and elemental analysis. Their surface activities were investigated. Their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) are 9.30 × 10 –3 mol/L, 8.50 × 10–3 mol/L, 8.10 × 10–3 mol/L and 7.71 ×–3 mol/L respectively, and the corresponding surface tensions at CMC are 28.38 mN/m, 28.60 mN/m, 30.40 mN/m and 30.00 mN/m respectively. The contact angles of the solutions on sheet galsses were measured to observe their surface wettabilities. The effects of their concentrations, the concentrations of NaCl and temperature on their foaming capacity and foam stability were studied.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22078207)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021ZHCG0042)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China).
文摘Mixing hydrocarbon surfactants with fluorocarbon surfactants is still an important strategy to improve the economic benefits and performances of fluorocarbon surfactants and expand their range of application.Herein,we prepared a novel kind of hydrocarbon-fluorocarbon surfactant mixtures via mixing a cationic surfactant,cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB),with a tri-block nonionic short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant(F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9))in aqueous solution.The results showed that adding a small CTAB amount to F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9)(the molar fraction of CTAB in the mixture(x_(1))was 0.2)could greatly reduce its critical micelle concentrations(cmc)from 0.408mmol/L to 0.191 mmol/L.At this x_(1),the contact angle of the mixture was the minimum(57.7°)at 100 s on polytetrafluoroethylene film,which was even lower than that of F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9).Besides,CTAB/F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9) mixtures possessed better colloidal stability and solubilization ability toward hydrophobic dye(SudanІ)than F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9).The outstanding performances of binary surfactant mixtures benefited from the non-ideal mixing and strong synergistic effect evidence that CTAB/F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9) surfactant mixtures could be used in practical applications instead of individual F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9),thereby reducing the used cost of F_(9)EG_(13)F_(9).
文摘A series of N-acetylated cationic gemini surfactants (3a-e) having dimeric structures derived from tertiary amines were synthesized. Their antifungal potency and surface properties were determined. It also studied the acute toxicity of the molecule with the best performance and the best water solubility (3e) through Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna bioassays. The results were compared to those obtained for a commercially available reference compound 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB). Parameters such as surface tension (ϒCMC), critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γ), and area per molecule (A) were determined. The resulting values indicated that the five gemini surfactants are characterized by good surface-active and self-aggregation properties. All surfactants were tested to evaluate their antifungal activity. Six fungal strains were used to conduct the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was measured by the fungal growth inhibition. The results of the MICs were compared with two commercially available reference compounds (Fluconazole and TCMTB). The least active molecule was 3e, but 3b and 3d were found to be the most potent compounds with a similar activity for all strains. Candida albicans was the most sensitive one. In contrast, Aspergillus niger was resistant. Ecotoxicity of gemini 3e was assessed: the commercial formulation (TCMTB) was between three and four orders of magnitude more toxic than the gemini one for the biological species tested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21673285 and No.21973022)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515012117)the Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme 2019(No.GDUPS2019)。
文摘Two non-ionic hydro-fluorocarbon hybrid surfactants with and without hydroxyl groups were synthesized and compared.They exhibited good thermal stability and superior surface activity.It was observed that the hydroxyl group had a profound effect on modifying the surface tension of their solutions and the morphology of the formed micelles.This effect may be attributed to the rearranging of the alkane group from above the air/aqueous surface to below it and the disrupting of the interfacial water structure induced by the hydroxyl groups.This work provides a strategy to weaken the immiscibility between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains by modifying their orientational structure at the interface,thus it is helpful for the design of surfactants with varied interfacial properties.
文摘Five new zwitterionic surfactants with long chain alkyl betaine structure incorporated with hydroxylpropyl group have been synthesized. Their structures were identified by elemental analysis, IR (HNMR)-H-1, and (CNMR)-C-13. Surface tension experiments showed that these surfactants have higher surface activity than those without hydroxypropyl group. The values of CMC and gamma(CMC) of these surfactants have been determined.
基金supported by the Applied Chemistry Key Subject of Gansu Province (No. GSACKS20130113)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Project of Longdong University (No.XYZK1512, No.XYZK1511)
文摘The surface tension, foaming and viscosity for C7F15COO^-N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2Hs）3-x and C8F17SO3- N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2H5）3-χ （x = 0, 1, 2, 3） were measured to systematically study the effects of hydroxyl groups in organic ammonium counterions on the properties of perfluorooctanoates and perfluorooctanesulfonates. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration （cmc） and the surface tension at cmc （γcmc） were both increased with the increase of number of hydroxyl groups （χ） in the two series. The perfluorooctanesulfonate had smaller cmc but higher γ=cmc than perfluorooctanoate with the same counterion. The minimum molecular area of surface adsorption （Amin） of C8F17zSO3^-N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2H5）3-χ were 0.64, 0.57, 0.63 and 0.72 nm^2 while the Amin values of C7F15COO^-N^＋H（C2H4OH）χ（C2H5）3-χ were 0.61, 0.62, 0.61 and 0.71 nm^2 when χ = 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. For the investigated systems of surfactants, the results of foam expansion ratio agreed with those of surface activity, while the 25% drainage time were consistent with the results of viscosity.
文摘The chemical structure of newly synthesized cationic surfactants based on Schiff base was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and mass spectroscopy.The synthesized surfactants were used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a simple one-step method.The silver nanoparticle（AgNPs） formation was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,electron diffraction（SAED）,dynamic light scattering（DLS）,and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）.The structure of the surfactant played an important role in the synthesis process.Increasing the hydrophobic chain length,the stability,and the amount of surfactant increased the quantity of AgNPs formed.The surface activity of the synthesized cationic surfactants was determined using surface tension measurements at three different temperatures.The synthesized surfactants showed a high tendency toward adsorption and micellization.Increasing the hydrophobic chain length of the synthesized surfactant increased its adsorption.Screening the synthesized cationic surfactants and their nano-form against bacteria and fungi showed that they are highly effective.The silver nanoparticles enhanced the biological activity of the synthesized cationic surfactants.
文摘An alternative polymeric surfactant P（M3/St） was synthesized by solution polymerization of maleamic acid as hydrophilic monomer and styrene as hydrophobic monomer. Some factors that affect the yield and properties of the polymeric surfactant were investigated systemically. The surface tension of the polymeric surfactant reaches 37-38 mN/m. It is proved that the polymeric surfactant shows very good surface activity and emulsifying ability. The TG analysis shows that the temperature of the thermal degradation can reach 314.4 ℃. It will be used as a new type of polymeric surfactant.
基金the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (29903006) and National Microgravity Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Scie
文摘Three new cationic polymerizable surfactants are synthesized by the reaction of alkylmaleic hemiester with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride. Their structures are confirmed by H-1 NMR, IR and elements analysis. The values of CMC and gamma (CMC) of these surfactants have been measured. One can obtain nearly monodisperse polystyrene latex by emulsion polymerization using the polymerizable surfactant.
