Accurate assessment of surface suspended sediment concentration （SSSC） in estuary is essential to address several important issues： erosion, water pollution, human health risks, etc. In this study, an empirical cub...Accurate assessment of surface suspended sediment concentration （SSSC） in estuary is essential to address several important issues： erosion, water pollution, human health risks, etc. In this study, an empirical cubic retrieval model was developed for the retrieval of SSSC from Yellow River Estuary. Based on sediments and seawater collected from the Yellow River and southeastern Laizhou Bay, SSSC conditions were reproduced in the laboratory at increasing concentrations within a range common to field observations. Continu- ous spectrum measurements of the various SSSCs ranging from 1 to 5700 mg/1 were carried out using an AvaField-3 spectrometer. The results indicated the good correlation between water SSSC and spectral reflectance （Rrs） was obtained in the spectral range of 726-900 nm. At SSSC greater than 2700 mg/L, the 740-900 nm spectral range was less susceptible to the effects of spectral reflectance saturation and more suitable for retrieval of high sediment concentrations. The best correlations were obtained for the reflectance ratio of 820 nm to 490 nm. Informed by the correlation between Rrs and SSSC, a retrieval model was developed （R2 = 0.992）. The novel cubic model, which used the ratio of a near-infrared （NIR） band （740-900 nm） to a visible band （400-600 nm） as factors, provided robust quantifica- tion of high SSSC water samples. Two high SSSC centers, with an order of 103 mg/1, were found in the inversion results around the abandoned Diaokou River mouth, the present Yellow River mouth to the abandoned Qingshuigou River mouth. There was little sedi- ment exchange between the two high SSSC centers due to the directions of the residual currents and vertical mixing.展开更多
Quantitative application on remote sensing of suspended sediment is an important aspect of the engineering application of remote sensing study. In this paper, the Xiamen Bay is chosen as the study area. Eleven differe...Quantitative application on remote sensing of suspended sediment is an important aspect of the engineering application of remote sensing study. In this paper, the Xiamen Bay is chosen as the study area. Eleven different phases of the remote sensing data are selected to establish a quantitative remote sensing model to map suspended sediment by using remote sensing images and the quasi-synchronous measured sediment data. Based on empirical statistics developed are the conversion models between instantaneous suspended sediment concentration and tidally-averaged suspended sediment concentration as well as the conversion models between surface layer suspended sediment concentration and＂ the depth-averaged suspended sediment concentration. On this basis, the quantitative application integrated model on remote sensing of suspended sediment is developed. By using this model as well as multi-temporal remote sensing images, multi-year averaged suspended sediment concentration of the Xiamen Bay are predicted. The comparison between model prediction and observed data shows that the multi-year averaged suspended sediment concentration of studied sites as well as the concentration difference of neighboring sites can be well predicted by the remote sensing model with an error rate of 21.61% or less, which can satisfy the engineering requirements of channel deposition calculation.展开更多
The data of landsat TM of multi-temporal for Lingdingyang Estuary, Pearl River in China is firstly used with suspended sediment concentration of field measurement to establish a correlative model equation. After the r...The data of landsat TM of multi-temporal for Lingdingyang Estuary, Pearl River in China is firstly used with suspended sediment concentration of field measurement to establish a correlative model equation. After the ratio processing of TM data and atmospheric correction, the images of suspended sediment concentration of different temporals are exported from the image processing systems AREIS II and III. These images express the characteristics of suspended sediment distribution, the mode of sediment transport and the extent of dispersion under the actions of tidal current and wind condition of different seasons.展开更多
Nine Landsat TM tapes and images and MSS images, 10 NOAA tapes and images and 1 SAR image from 1973 to 1997 were used to analyze the diffusion of suspended sediments and the change of tidal radial sand ridges in the n...Nine Landsat TM tapes and images and MSS images, 10 NOAA tapes and images and 1 SAR image from 1973 to 1997 were used to analyze the diffusion of suspended sediments and the change of tidal radial sand ridges in the northern part of the Changjiang River delta, the South Yellow Sea. The results showed that the diffusion of suspended sediments was controlled by the tide, net current, and submarine topography in this area. The distribution of suspended sediments had close relationship with the submarine topography. The old Huanghe River delta and the Changjiang River comprise the main sediment supply for the formation of radial sand ridges, whose evolution can be divided into three stages since the Huanghe River changed its course and flowed northward into the Bohai Sea.展开更多
Sediment grain size parameters and the percent of sand and clay near the Huanghe River Delta are used to estimate the Huanghe Riser load diffusion with fuzzy analysis. The results are confirmed by field investigation ...Sediment grain size parameters and the percent of sand and clay near the Huanghe River Delta are used to estimate the Huanghe Riser load diffusion with fuzzy analysis. The results are confirmed by field investigation and the landform changes of the river estuary and sediment diffusive pattern indicated by Landsat MSS, TM images.展开更多
Implementation of the water-sediment regulation(WSR) scheme, mainly focused on solving the sedimentation problems of reservoirs and the lower reaches of the Yellow River, has inevitably influenced the sediment distrib...Implementation of the water-sediment regulation(WSR) scheme, mainly focused on solving the sedimentation problems of reservoirs and the lower reaches of the Yellow River, has inevitably influenced the sediment distribution and coastal morphology of the Yellow River Estuary.Using coastline delineation and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) retrieval methods, this study investigated water and sediment changes,identified detailed inter-annual and intra-annual variations of the coastline and SSC in the normal period(NP: 1986-2001, before and after the flood season) and WSR period(WSRP: 2002-2013, before and after WSR). The results indicate that(1) the sedimentation in the low reaches of the Yellow River turned into erosion from 2002 onward;(2) the inter-annual coastline changes could be divided into an accretion stage(1986-1996), a slow erosion stage(1996-2002), and a slow accretion stage(2002-2013);(3) an intra-annual coastline extension occurred in the river mouth in most years of the WSRP; and(4) the mean intra-annual accretion area was 0.789 km^2 in the NP and 4.73 km2 in the WSRP,and the mean SSC increased from 238 mg/L to 293 mg/L in the NP and from 192 mg/L to 264 mg/L in the WSRP.展开更多
Passive Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） remote sensing measurement of chemical gas cloud is a vital technology. It takes an important part in many fields for the detection of released gases. The principle of conce...Passive Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） remote sensing measurement of chemical gas cloud is a vital technology. It takes an important part in many fields for the detection of released gases. The principle of concentration measurement is based on the Beer-Lambert law. Unlike the active measurement, for the passive remote sensing, in most cases, the difference between the temperature of the gas cloud and the brightness temperature of the background is usually a few kelvins. The gas cloud emission is almost equal to the background emission, thereby the emission of the gas cloud cannot be ignored. The concentration retrieval algorithm is quite different from the active measurement. In this paper, the concentration retrieval algorithm for the passive FTIR remote measurement of gas cloud is presented in detail, which involves radiative transfer model, radiometric calibration, absorption coefficient calculation, et al. The background spectrum has a broad feature, which is a slowly varying function of frequency. In this paper, the background spectrum is fitted with a polynomial by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method which is a kind of nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. No background spectra are required. Thus, this method allows mobile, real-time and fast measurements of gas clouds.展开更多
This paper brought out a new idea on the retrieval of suspended sediment concentration, which uses both the water-leaving radiance from remote sensing data and the grain size of the suspended sediment. A principal com...This paper brought out a new idea on the retrieval of suspended sediment concentration, which uses both the water-leaving radiance from remote sensing data and the grain size of the suspended sediment. A principal component model and a neural network model based on those two parameters were constructed. The analyzing results indicate that testing errors of the models using the two parameters are 0.256 and 0.244, while the errors using only water-leaving radiance are 0,384 and 0.390. The stability of the models with grain size parameter is also better than the one without grain size. This research proved that it is necessary to introduce the grain size parameter into suspended sediment concentration retrieval models in order to improve the retrieval precision of these models.展开更多
On the basis of the time series of AVHRR data from NOAA satellites and the geographical information system PURSIS, fluctuations of the plume front and the turbidity maximum in the Hangzhou Bay, reflected by the distri...On the basis of the time series of AVHRR data from NOAA satellites and the geographical information system PURSIS, fluctuations of the plume front and the turbidity maximum in the Hangzhou Bay, reflected by the distributions of temperature and suspended sediment concentration respectively, are studied in view of long-term behaviors or seasonal and tidal cycles. The data suggest that the effect of front plays an important role in the development of the turbidity maximum close to the Changjiang Estuary > while the effect of tide dominates over the development of another very turbid water situated in the shoal areas in the southern Hangzhou Bay.展开更多
This study investigated the dispersal pattern of suspended sediment in the areas near the Stenhouse and Ajax glaciers, Visca Anchorage, Martel Inlet, King George Island, Antarctica. This study was conducted using visi...This study investigated the dispersal pattern of suspended sediment in the areas near the Stenhouse and Ajax glaciers, Visca Anchorage, Martel Inlet, King George Island, Antarctica. This study was conducted using visible band processing of Quickbird high-resolution spatial images obtained in October 2006. The methodology was also based on the collection and interpretation of data obtained from water samples collected in Admiralty Bay in December 2004. The digital processing of satellite images was performed using a classification method based on the reflectance characteristics of water. The classified images improved visual identification of the dispersion pattern of suspended sediments in the study area. These data were related to the interpretation of analyses conducted on suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water. The sediment dispersal pattern observed may be associated with glacial erosion processes, their input of meltwater from the front of the glaciers into the study area, detritus flow processes and glaciomarine circulation in the region.展开更多
近海及海湾总悬浮物是重要的水质参数之一,而杭州湾及其邻近海域是典型的海湾与近岸海域,与人类关系密切。卫星遥感广泛应用于海水总悬浮物浓度的探测与分析。利用现场实测数据,建立了中国HY-1C/D卫星水色水温扫描仪(Chinese Ocean Colo...近海及海湾总悬浮物是重要的水质参数之一,而杭州湾及其邻近海域是典型的海湾与近岸海域,与人类关系密切。卫星遥感广泛应用于海水总悬浮物浓度的探测与分析。利用现场实测数据,建立了中国HY-1C/D卫星水色水温扫描仪(Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner, COCTS)及其他当前在轨的典型水色遥感器在杭州湾及邻近海域的总悬浮物卫星遥感反演方法模型,模型平均相对误差不高于19%。反演并融合获得了HY-1C/D等多源卫星2015-2022年杭州湾及邻近海域的总悬浮物浓度卫星遥感及其融合数据。融合数据经实测数据对比验证,两者之间线性相关系数为0.72,平均相对偏差为26%。卫星遥感结果表明,2015-2022年间杭州湾及其邻近海域总悬浮物浓度年际变化不大,其线性变化不超过其年平均浓度值的0.5%。研究结果表明利用包括HY-1C/D卫星COCTS等的海洋水色遥感载荷,可有效遥感反演得到杭州湾及其邻近海域的总悬浮物浓度并分析其时空变化特征。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0505902)Project of the Cultivation Plan of Superior Discipline Talent Teams of Universities in Shandong Province,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471005,41271016)
文摘Accurate assessment of surface suspended sediment concentration （SSSC） in estuary is essential to address several important issues： erosion, water pollution, human health risks, etc. In this study, an empirical cubic retrieval model was developed for the retrieval of SSSC from Yellow River Estuary. Based on sediments and seawater collected from the Yellow River and southeastern Laizhou Bay, SSSC conditions were reproduced in the laboratory at increasing concentrations within a range common to field observations. Continu- ous spectrum measurements of the various SSSCs ranging from 1 to 5700 mg/1 were carried out using an AvaField-3 spectrometer. The results indicated the good correlation between water SSSC and spectral reflectance （Rrs） was obtained in the spectral range of 726-900 nm. At SSSC greater than 2700 mg/L, the 740-900 nm spectral range was less susceptible to the effects of spectral reflectance saturation and more suitable for retrieval of high sediment concentrations. The best correlations were obtained for the reflectance ratio of 820 nm to 490 nm. Informed by the correlation between Rrs and SSSC, a retrieval model was developed （R2 = 0.992）. The novel cubic model, which used the ratio of a near-infrared （NIR） band （740-900 nm） to a visible band （400-600 nm） as factors, provided robust quantifica- tion of high SSSC water samples. Two high SSSC centers, with an order of 103 mg/1, were found in the inversion results around the abandoned Diaokou River mouth, the present Yellow River mouth to the abandoned Qingshuigou River mouth. There was little sedi- ment exchange between the two high SSSC centers due to the directions of the residual currents and vertical mixing.
基金supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (Grant No. 2009491711)
文摘Quantitative application on remote sensing of suspended sediment is an important aspect of the engineering application of remote sensing study. In this paper, the Xiamen Bay is chosen as the study area. Eleven different phases of the remote sensing data are selected to establish a quantitative remote sensing model to map suspended sediment by using remote sensing images and the quasi-synchronous measured sediment data. Based on empirical statistics developed are the conversion models between instantaneous suspended sediment concentration and tidally-averaged suspended sediment concentration as well as the conversion models between surface layer suspended sediment concentration and＂ the depth-averaged suspended sediment concentration. On this basis, the quantitative application integrated model on remote sensing of suspended sediment is developed. By using this model as well as multi-temporal remote sensing images, multi-year averaged suspended sediment concentration of the Xiamen Bay are predicted. The comparison between model prediction and observed data shows that the multi-year averaged suspended sediment concentration of studied sites as well as the concentration difference of neighboring sites can be well predicted by the remote sensing model with an error rate of 21.61% or less, which can satisfy the engineering requirements of channel deposition calculation.
文摘The data of landsat TM of multi-temporal for Lingdingyang Estuary, Pearl River in China is firstly used with suspended sediment concentration of field measurement to establish a correlative model equation. After the ratio processing of TM data and atmospheric correction, the images of suspended sediment concentration of different temporals are exported from the image processing systems AREIS II and III. These images express the characteristics of suspended sediment distribution, the mode of sediment transport and the extent of dispersion under the actions of tidal current and wind condition of different seasons.
文摘Nine Landsat TM tapes and images and MSS images, 10 NOAA tapes and images and 1 SAR image from 1973 to 1997 were used to analyze the diffusion of suspended sediments and the change of tidal radial sand ridges in the northern part of the Changjiang River delta, the South Yellow Sea. The results showed that the diffusion of suspended sediments was controlled by the tide, net current, and submarine topography in this area. The distribution of suspended sediments had close relationship with the submarine topography. The old Huanghe River delta and the Changjiang River comprise the main sediment supply for the formation of radial sand ridges, whose evolution can be divided into three stages since the Huanghe River changed its course and flowed northward into the Bohai Sea.
基金Contribution No. 2104 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesThe study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 48970270)
文摘Sediment grain size parameters and the percent of sand and clay near the Huanghe River Delta are used to estimate the Huanghe Riser load diffusion with fuzzy analysis. The results are confirmed by field investigation and the landform changes of the river estuary and sediment diffusive pattern indicated by Landsat MSS, TM images.
基金supported by the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety(Grant No.HESS-1705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41101561)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(Grant No.162102410066)the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(Grant No.IWHR-SKL-201701)
文摘Implementation of the water-sediment regulation(WSR) scheme, mainly focused on solving the sedimentation problems of reservoirs and the lower reaches of the Yellow River, has inevitably influenced the sediment distribution and coastal morphology of the Yellow River Estuary.Using coastline delineation and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) retrieval methods, this study investigated water and sediment changes,identified detailed inter-annual and intra-annual variations of the coastline and SSC in the normal period(NP: 1986-2001, before and after the flood season) and WSR period(WSRP: 2002-2013, before and after WSR). The results indicate that(1) the sedimentation in the low reaches of the Yellow River turned into erosion from 2002 onward;(2) the inter-annual coastline changes could be divided into an accretion stage(1986-1996), a slow erosion stage(1996-2002), and a slow accretion stage(2002-2013);(3) an intra-annual coastline extension occurred in the river mouth in most years of the WSRP; and(4) the mean intra-annual accretion area was 0.789 km^2 in the NP and 4.73 km2 in the WSRP,and the mean SSC increased from 238 mg/L to 293 mg/L in the NP and from 192 mg/L to 264 mg/L in the WSRP.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 083H311501)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No 073H3f1514)
文摘Passive Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） remote sensing measurement of chemical gas cloud is a vital technology. It takes an important part in many fields for the detection of released gases. The principle of concentration measurement is based on the Beer-Lambert law. Unlike the active measurement, for the passive remote sensing, in most cases, the difference between the temperature of the gas cloud and the brightness temperature of the background is usually a few kelvins. The gas cloud emission is almost equal to the background emission, thereby the emission of the gas cloud cannot be ignored. The concentration retrieval algorithm is quite different from the active measurement. In this paper, the concentration retrieval algorithm for the passive FTIR remote measurement of gas cloud is presented in detail, which involves radiative transfer model, radiometric calibration, absorption coefficient calculation, et al. The background spectrum has a broad feature, which is a slowly varying function of frequency. In this paper, the background spectrum is fitted with a polynomial by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method which is a kind of nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. No background spectra are required. Thus, this method allows mobile, real-time and fast measurements of gas clouds.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771030 No.40571020
文摘This paper brought out a new idea on the retrieval of suspended sediment concentration, which uses both the water-leaving radiance from remote sensing data and the grain size of the suspended sediment. A principal component model and a neural network model based on those two parameters were constructed. The analyzing results indicate that testing errors of the models using the two parameters are 0.256 and 0.244, while the errors using only water-leaving radiance are 0,384 and 0.390. The stability of the models with grain size parameter is also better than the one without grain size. This research proved that it is necessary to introduce the grain size parameter into suspended sediment concentration retrieval models in order to improve the retrieval precision of these models.
基金This work is supported by both Grant-4860244 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Grant-188011 from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation
文摘On the basis of the time series of AVHRR data from NOAA satellites and the geographical information system PURSIS, fluctuations of the plume front and the turbidity maximum in the Hangzhou Bay, reflected by the distributions of temperature and suspended sediment concentration respectively, are studied in view of long-term behaviors or seasonal and tidal cycles. The data suggest that the effect of front plays an important role in the development of the turbidity maximum close to the Changjiang Estuary > while the effect of tide dominates over the development of another very turbid water situated in the shoal areas in the southern Hangzhou Bay.
文摘This study investigated the dispersal pattern of suspended sediment in the areas near the Stenhouse and Ajax glaciers, Visca Anchorage, Martel Inlet, King George Island, Antarctica. This study was conducted using visible band processing of Quickbird high-resolution spatial images obtained in October 2006. The methodology was also based on the collection and interpretation of data obtained from water samples collected in Admiralty Bay in December 2004. The digital processing of satellite images was performed using a classification method based on the reflectance characteristics of water. The classified images improved visual identification of the dispersion pattern of suspended sediments in the study area. These data were related to the interpretation of analyses conducted on suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water. The sediment dispersal pattern observed may be associated with glacial erosion processes, their input of meltwater from the front of the glaciers into the study area, detritus flow processes and glaciomarine circulation in the region.
文摘近海及海湾总悬浮物是重要的水质参数之一,而杭州湾及其邻近海域是典型的海湾与近岸海域,与人类关系密切。卫星遥感广泛应用于海水总悬浮物浓度的探测与分析。利用现场实测数据,建立了中国HY-1C/D卫星水色水温扫描仪(Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner, COCTS)及其他当前在轨的典型水色遥感器在杭州湾及邻近海域的总悬浮物卫星遥感反演方法模型,模型平均相对误差不高于19%。反演并融合获得了HY-1C/D等多源卫星2015-2022年杭州湾及邻近海域的总悬浮物浓度卫星遥感及其融合数据。融合数据经实测数据对比验证,两者之间线性相关系数为0.72,平均相对偏差为26%。卫星遥感结果表明,2015-2022年间杭州湾及其邻近海域总悬浮物浓度年际变化不大,其线性变化不超过其年平均浓度值的0.5%。研究结果表明利用包括HY-1C/D卫星COCTS等的海洋水色遥感载荷,可有效遥感反演得到杭州湾及其邻近海域的总悬浮物浓度并分析其时空变化特征。
